Albert CAMUS

Lḥif n tmurt n Leqbayel

Misère de Kabylie

Tasuqelt :

Hocine HADID

Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa

2013

IBUDDAN

I yimawlan-iw,

imeddukal-iw

akked yimezdaɣ n at Aṭelli.

I yimeddukal n tedbelt n lwilaya n Tizi Uzzu.

Si la conquête coloniale pouvait jamais trouver une excuse, c’est

dans la mesure où elle aide les peuples conquis à garder leur

personnalité. Et si nous avions un devoir en ce pays, il est de

permettre à l’une des populations les plus fières et les plus

humaines en ce monde de rester fidèle à elle-même

et à son destin.

Albert Camus

* * *

Aucun fil n’est rompu pour qui cherche ses origines.

Kateb Yacine

- 9 -

Misère de Kabylie est une page d’histoire. Aussi triste

soit-elle, elle ne pourrait en aucun cas être reniée. C’est

une vérité qui a traqué nos ancêtres et certains d’entre-

nous, les plus âgés, s’en souviennent encore. Quelle leçon

doit-on tirer de cette détresse honteuse à la limite du

supportable ? Certes, le colonialisme avait

incontestablement sa grande responsabilité. Pleine et

entière. C’est un fait historique indéniable. Mais il y avait

aussi et surtout, une responsabilité locale latente, passive,

complice, qui avait compliqué et aggravé les problèmes

d’une société déjà terrassée. Il s’agit principalement de la

scandaleuse de l’usure par des vautours qui se délectaient

de la détresse de leurs semblables. Une plaie dans la plaie.

Cependant, et heureusement, la solidarité des

populations mobilisées naturellement autour d’une cause

commune était indéfectible. Les hommes avaient su

partager, avec une générosité sans pareil, le peu de

ressources qu’il y avait. Désarmant magistralement

l’adversaire du jour de leur fraternité immense, de leur

chaleur humaine sans égal. Un peuple meurtri qui a su

donner à un adversaire farouche une superbe leçon

d’humilité et de grandeur.

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Aux Kabyles d’aujourd’hui, et à l’Algérie tout

entière, ces pages à peine croyables de leur Histoire ; où la

solidarité bénévole des hommes a superbement triomphé

de la misère perfide de leurs adversaires.

S’agissant de mon travail de traduction de cette

belle œuvre d’Albert Camus, en Tamazight, je dois avouer

que ne fut guère chose aisée pour moi, étant ma première

expérience dans ce domaine. J’avais pourtant succombé

devant la beauté cruelle de cette œuvre de géant. Tant pis

pour moi de relever un aussi grand défi pour tenter de

porter aux miens, dans leur langue, ces pages ô combien

déchirantes de notre histoire à tous. Avec cette gageure

inouïe de devoir à tout moment rester fidèle à la pensée

profonde de cet immense auteur. Tirant la fierté indicible

de rendre aux miens un patrimoine, fût-il des plus

malheureux. Même si parfois, j’avais le net sentiment que

la terminologie choisie par moi, pour certains mots ou

allocutions, conviendrait mal de compréhension à des

confrères de contrées amazighes à vocable différencié. Ce

dernier point dénote aussi toute la richesse fabuleuse et la

grande diversité de notre patrimoine linguistique. Un

patrimoine qui ne demande que des volontaires pour

s’épanouir au rang universel.

Hocine Hadid

- 11 -

TAZWART

(Sɣur yimsiẓreg n uḍris anaṣli)

Deg yiseggasen tlatin, iɣmisen n lexbarat n temdint

n Lezzayer ttarun-d ɣef Lezzayer ɣef wayen yeεnan

tawennaḍt d uḥewwes, d ayen L’Echo d’Alger d wiyaḍ. Di

meɣres 1937, La Dépêche tazzayrit tettmeslay-d ɣef lḥif

ameqqran akken ad d-weṣfen tawaɣit n umḍiq yetteddun

si Burǧ Buεrareǧ alamma d talast n Tunes. Meɛna lḥif n

umḍiq-agi i d-εnan yiɣmisen ssebba-s d aɣamac meqqren,

ssebba-s teεna tawennaḍt dayagi. Di duǧember 1938,

L’Echo d’Alger yessuffeɣ-d yiwen n uḍris «Tamurt n

Leqbayel amḍiq amḍiq», d ayen i icebbeḥ Charles Brouty s

arazem-ines, aɣmis-agi n René Janon yeḥka-d s waṭas ɣef

ccbaḥa n Tmurt n Leqbayel d tmeddurt-nsen. Amyaru-agi

yesseḥreṣ ɣef kra n temsal am yinig meqqren ɣer Fransa,

asexdem n rriba d lḥif n lexṣaṣ n tezdeg, meɛna René

Janon ur as-yenni ara belli d listiεmar i d ssebba n waya.

Deg uɣmis n 14 duǧember 1938, yura-d : «Ccetla-agi n

yifellaḥen n tidet i tella ccetla n Yiqbayliyen n yiman-nsen

kan, ḥemmlen akal alamma d lmut, ttasmen s wayla n

lǧiran akken bɣun ilin, ttcuḥḥun aṭas meɛna ttaɣen akal

akken tebɣu tili ssuma-s, ɣas ur yesεi ara nnfeε. S

tɣennant-nni n ssεaya (n yiman-is) ad yeǧǧ i warraw-is

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yettawin isem-is lǧil ɣer lǧil akken tebɣa ad tili teswiεt».

René Janon iheddren i wid teεna temsalt, yerna d wid

meqqren, yextem tira-ines mi as-yenna belli Leqbayel

ddan d Fransa. Ma d ayen yeεnan tira n Albert Camus,

deg uḥtac-ines ɣef Tmurt n Leqbayen, d ayen yuɣalen

mechur uqbel ad d-yeffeɣ di teẓrigin, imeḍqan n

Waεraben d Leqbayel ttabaεen s ccuq aḥtac-agi yexdem

umeddakel-nneɣ Albert Camus ɣef lḥif di Tmurt n

Leqbayel. Asmi d-yeffeɣ uḥtac-agi icewwel kra n

yimdanen iḥemmlen ad kellxen s kra n lekdeb, d ayen i d-

yura uneɣmas Σenṭar di Alger Républicain.

Deg wass n lexmis 8 ɣer ssebt 17 yunyu 1939, aɣmis

azzayri yura-d lexber ɣef Tmurt n Leqbayel « Kabylie 39 »

yexdem R. Frison-Roche yesεan εecra yiḥricen s lewsayef.

Axeddim-agi yemxallaf ɣef wayen i d-yeεna Albert

Camus deg unadi ines « Ur qbileɣ ara ayen i d-nnan kra n

lεibad ; Fransa texdem leḥwayeǧ yelhan di Tmurt n

Leqbayel mačči d ayen ara nenker ɣas nebɣa ad neqqen

allen nneɣ yerna ad nḥettem iman nneɣ ɣer tmuɣli kan n

wayen n dir», i d-yura R. Frison Roche i Albert Camus

mebla ma yebder-it-id ula yiwet n tikkelt. Tawafɣa n «

Lḥif di Tmurt n Leqbayel » deg uɣmis Alger Républicain

yeṭṭef si 5 ar 15 si juin

1939. Albert Camus yewweḍ-d ɣer Tmurt n Leqbayel mi

ifuk mayu. S lεejlan iḥus mliḥ i lḥif n umḍiq i d-izur. Alger

Républicain yessufeɣ-d ass n 27 mayu kra di tebratin yeṭṭef

sɣur aneɣmas-agi yettwaceggεen i waya « Dagi lḥif d

- 13 -

ahdum izad wi izaden. Ukan mačči d lεib kul ass ad

ttεeyyiḍeɣ deg yiɣmisen. Mčči d lehna n waṭas i sεiɣ.

Meɛna Ulac amdan izemren ad yessusem ma iwala ayagi

walaɣ, ad yettuhewwel », i d-yura Albert Camus. S ṭṭul n

uḥtac ines iṭṭalab abḥat n tdamsa d tin yeεnan amdan s

umata ɣef wakken tella teswiεt n tudert. S lemɣiḍat

yewweḍ almi yettḥellil akken ad tbeddel teswiεt s lxir i

Tmurt n Leqbayel. Гef wayen yura di 11 yiḍrisen yesεedda

s lewsayef, waḥed u εecrin s umata, ayagi mebla ma

icekker-d ula yiwet n tikkelt « ccbaḥa » n twennaḍt. Di

tektabt-is Actuelles III (lexbarat n Lezzayr i d-yeffɣen

1958), Albert Camus iεawed-d akk ayen yesεan lfayda di

ccɣel yura ɣef tneɣmast n unadi di 1939. Ayagi akken ad

nẓer acḥal iḥemmel ccɣel-is n uneɣmas. Nefka-d ad

teɣrem di tektabt-agi anadi yura i d-yeffɣen deg uɣemis

Alger Républicain di 1939 akken yella s lekmal.

Albert Camus d amyaru ameqqran n kul lweqt s tira ines,

s ccɣel-is n uneɣmas, d umezgun, amyaru n « Uberrani »,

inebbeh-d s kra iwala d lemḍerra, yezgan deg umḍiq n

wid ixussen, wid faydeg yeḍra lbaṭel. D aḥnin yeqqimen s

ṭṭul n ddunit-is yettḥessis i wid yettwaḥqren sɣur uǧhiden

n wass. Si lmut-is di 1960, ar ass-a, aṭas n lmidad i ineɣlen

akken ad d-ḥkun ɣef tmeddurt-is, ad d-sfehmen ccɣel-is.

Ccɣel yesεan aṭas n nnfeε i mazal i usefhem s ṭṭul. Albert

Camus d aneɣmas ameqqran d ayen, ayen yura s waṭas i

d-yessiẓreg ad d-cehden fell-as. Di lweqt ideg irfiqen-is

ḥekkun-d ɣef wayen ur nesεi ara lmeεna, sqizziben i

- 14 -

leḥkem yellan, netta yellan d anelmad n tesdawit n

Lezzayer ur yettfeẓẓa ara imeslayen-is akken ad d-yini

tiquranin, ad d-yini tidet akken tella, ɣas ma yella di lweqt

listiεmar ameslay yesεa leḥdada.

Ayen yura deg uɣmis Alger Républicain di « lḥif di tmurt n

Leqbayel » d ccɣel n uneɣmas ameqqran i d-ijemεen aḥric

imeεnen n umezruy n Lezzayer s-ddaw leqyada n urumi.

D ccɣel aḥnin yerna yesfa. Tira iǧehden ifazen iseḥḥan ur

nettwassen ara s waṭas di tmurt n Lezzayer d wanda

nniḍen. D yiwet s ssebbat i aɣ-yewwin ad naru taktabt-

agi.

Di lweqt n leḥkem n urumi, Azzayri yettweḥsab d akli.

Ddunit-is neɣ ayen i tt-icuban, i t-iεemren ala lḥif d ccer.

Xas walan ayagi, aṭas n yimussnawen sya u sya i lebḥer

Agrakal susmen zdat n lbaṭel aweḥci. Tasusmi icuban

tixubta, am wakken yella ususem zdat n yimenɣi i lḥeq.

Albert Camus mačči seg wid yettafen lehna nnsen zdat

lḥif d lemḥasba n wiyaḍ. Leεmer yeqbil taɣyulit n umdan.

Ccɣel-is n umeɣnas d ayen i t-yessawḍen ad d-yemmeslay

s leqseḥ ɣef lḥif n Yizzayriyen yettwaḥsaben d « lenfas n

yimdanen ». Deg useggas 1939, kra n wagguren kan mi

yebda ccɣel-is, Alger Républicain, di ḥertadem 1938, Albert

Camus yesεedday ussan d wuḍan di Tmurt n Leqbayel

akken ad iwali s wallen-is tidet taberkant. Tidet yessaweḍ

- 15 -

mebεid acḥal d tikkelt, d ayen yezzi s leḥsab i lεamma

akken ad walin lḥif amesbaṭli ttidiren Leqbayel s umata.

« Di taddart n El-Flay, s-nnig telmat n Sidi Ɛic nettader-d

yerna nettezzi-d tiwaculin yettɣimin acḥal d tikwal

yumayen ar teltyyam mebla ma ččan », i d-yura. Tira

ifazen n umyaru n Noce « tameɣra » i d-yezzin i lεamma

ussan n lḥif aberkan ttidiren Leqbayel di mkul amḍiq, di

tdamsit n tudert nsen s umata. Lḥif n Leqbayel d tin n

Yizzayriyen s umata di lweqt-nni d ayen i wumi ur yezmir

umdan. Kra n teḥkayin di tira-agi wwḍent ɣer lmuḥal di

ccerf n umdan. « Xemsa warrac mmuten imi ččan iẓuran n

kra n teḥcicin yesεan ssem ». Neɣ : « Ccetwa-agi rebεa

temɣarin i d-yusan seg yiwet n taddart ibeεden si Micli

akken ad awint amur nsent n temẓin mmutent deg udfel

mi uɣalent ». Mi yettaru kra n tikkwal yettaǧǧa ccɣel-is n

uneɣmas akken ad yesban lḥanna-s n umyaru. D ayen i d-

ixelqen isekkilen imelḥen. « Tammeddit-a, zdat zzawiya n

Kuku, nella di kra yid-neɣ d iḥewwasen gar yiẓra n yiwet

n tmeqbert nettferrij iḍ mi ad d-iɣelli nebεid deg uzaɣar.

Di ssaεa-agi ur newwiḍ d ass neɣ d ṭṭlam, ur ḥusseɣ ara

iman-iw xulfeɣ imdanen-agi yeffren dagi akken ad

qqimen d yiman nsen.

Lemxalfa uɣaleɣ ufiɣ-tt kra n sswayeε mi yewweḍ lawan

ideg amdan yeḥwaǧ učči. ».

I Albert Camus, Tamurt n Leqbayel weḥd-s, d ayen ad naf

segmi yebda tira ines timenza ɣef wayagi, ɣef umḍiq-agi i

- 16 -

t-iεeǧben mliḥ, i t-iseḥḥren s waṭas. Xas ma yella di lweqt-

nni widak iḥekmen ḥesben iεeyyalen n umḍiq-agi n

Lezzayer d lenfas n yimdanen.

« Ma yella nxemmem ɣef wayen nessen ɣef ugdud aqbayli

di tirrugza, tameddurt n tudrin yeckenṭḍen ɣef tlelli nsen,

lqanun fkan i yiman nsen ( d win ifazen di ddunit s

lḥerma n umdan), di lqanun nsen, ulac lḥebs, seg wakken

agdud-agi iḥemmel tilelli. Imdanen-agi εacen s leqder,

lḥerma n umdan xir nneɣ », i d-ibeggen Albert Camus di

tira ines. Ayagi deg yiseggasen 30, d ayen i d-inebbhen ɣef

Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a d Lezzayer s umata. Acemma

ur iruḥ i tiṭ n umyaru n La Peste « tterka » ifehmen tayri n

Leqbayel am Yimaziɣen s umata, irgazen n tlelli, yessnen

lqima n tlelli. D ayen ur tettamneḍ deg yimeḍqan nniḍen :

agdud aqbayli ur yeḥwaǧ lḥebs i wid iḍelmen ; wid

iɣelḍen ttwaεzalen, aεzal yezga-d yewεer kter n lḥebs,

uqbel Albert Camus, Karl Marx yefhem tamuɣli n

Leqbayel ɣef wayen yeεnan ssira n ugdud, ɣas ma yella

agdud-agi ixus ttawilat aṭas.

Mi ifuk ccɣel-is d tmuɣli s lefhama d leḥzen, Albert

Camus yefka-d kra n lḥalat, yerna yessendeh s leqseḥ wid

iḥekmen akken ad d-εiwnen agdud-agi yexnunsen. « Ma

yella listiεmar yebɣa ad d-yaf ssebba, wagi ad d-yezg di

lemεiwna n ugdud yettuḥekmen akken ad yeṭṭef leqder-is.

Ma nesεa lwajeb di tmurt-a wagi d ayen ara isemḥen i

yimdanen-is yeččuren d lḥerma, leqder n umdan aεlayan

- 17 -

di ddunit akken ad qqiment s leqder nsent zdat n

lmektub», i d-yura.

« Lḥif di Tmurt n Leqbayel » d tira ḥninen ur nesεi tamtilt.

D isekkilen yeɣman ad d-icehden lǧil ar lǧil.

Lezzayer n wass-a d lferḍ, ilaq-as ad tnadi ɣef umezruy

ines sekud mazal later, di lweqt ideg tigejda n tidet la

tteftutusent. D taswiεt yesεan azal ameqqran akken ad d-

nejbed lfayda di tsekla n uḥtac n Albert Camus, d ayen ad

iεawnen aṭas deg uεawed n tmuɣli i tewriqin n umezruy n

Lezzayer. Ayagi kter n rebεin n ssna si tlelli n tmurt mazal

aḥric ameqqran n ugdud yettwaḍeyyeε. Tamurt

tamerkantit am tagi, s ṭṭaqa meqqren tḥerrem agdud-is, d

ayen ur iqebbel leεqel.

Taktabt-agi d tamuɣli ɣef wayen iεeddan, d tiqenṭert

daɣen gar wass-a d wayen i d-iteddun. Leqraya d uεawed

n tmuɣli n Albert Camus ad d-yas d yiwen seg yiberdan

ad yawin Azzayri ar Lezzayer n tidet, akal aḥnin bu

lɣella i d-yefkan rruḥ i yirgazen mucaεen yecban amyaru

ifazen n La chute « Anfaḍ ». Ma teɣriḍ tasekla yeεnan

L’envers et l’endroit « Ayen yellan deg umkan-is d wayen

iqelben », am win ad iḥewṣen si lbeεd di tmeddurt n

umdan, d ayen i aɣ-yemlan asirem di tlemmast n uhdum

nneɣ. (anadi n 1939 ɣef tmurt n Leqbayel d wayen yura di

1945 ɣef llaẓ d lḥif d ayen ilaq ad aɣ-d-ldint allen. Ayen

ara d-yeddun d ayen iwala di tira ines, llan yimyura

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imeqqranen uqbel-is, ḥetcen, uran-d ɣef lbaṭel n listiεmar :

Andé Gide di “Tefriqt taberkant”, André Malraux di

“Linducin”. Meεna yella lfarq ameqqran gar wigi d

Camus. Xaṭer netta iqubel s lqedd uguren n tmurt ideg

ilul, uɣur ur d-yusi ara d aḥewwas, yettwaḥettem.

Tamurt-agi n Lezzayer yettwagezren, yettwaselxen

tegzem ul-is », i d-yura Roger Grenier di « Albert Camus

Iṭij d tili » (soleil et ombre) di tezrigin n Gallimard, 1987.

Di tebrat i d-yura i umunaḍel actiraki imeslem Σaziz

Kessus, Albert Camus iched-d « Ad iyi-tamnem mebla

ccek ma nniɣ-awen-d belli helkeɣ Lezzayer, di teswiεt-agi

am wakken ad d-inin wiyaḍ helkeɣ turin-iw ». Cchada

mucaεen n umyaru ur nesεi tamtilt yuklalen s lqedd arraz

n Nobel i as-yettwafken.

Imsiẓreg

- 19 -

Alger Républicain

5 juin 1939

- I -

Lyunan s yijerbuben

«A wi d-yufan lgirra s leεjel. Akken ad aɣ-d-fken ad nečč…»

Mi ad nebdu tasawent tamezwarut n Tmurt n Leqbayel,

nettwali tudrin-is d timecṭaḥ, yennejmaεen ar yimukan n

temεict i d-tefka twennaḍt, d yirgazen yelsan taduḍt

tacebḥant, d yiberdan i d-ḥezzment ttjur n uzemmur, d

tmeɣrusin d ukermus d wayagi akk i teddun tamεict

tushilt twennaḍt gar umdan d wakal, nettxemmim s leεjel

ar Lyunan.

Ma yella nxemmem ɣef wayen nessen ɣef ugdud aqbayli

d tirrugza ines, tameddurt n tudrin i yettmettaten ɣef

tlelli, lqanun xedmen i yiman nsen ( yiwen seg wid yefkan

tilelli n wawal i mkul amdan akken yebɣu yili), lqanun

ideg ulac leḥbus seg wakken agdud iḥemmel tilelli, d ayen

yernan s waṭas leqder i umdan.

Meɛna ad d-iniɣ tura kan belli ccbiha akked Lyunan

teḥbes da. Xaṭer di Lyunan qrib ad d-iniɣ belli wwḍen ad

εebden tanefsit n umdan d wayen i d-yexleq s lewhayem.

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Di kra n tmurt ssneɣ tanefsit d lǧetta n umdan ur iyi-d-

tban tettwaḥqer am di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ilaq ad tt-naru s

lεejlan : lḥif n tmurt-agi d aweḥci. Deg yiwen n umḍiq

imelḥen di ddunit, agdud s lekmal la yettḥasab si llaẓ,

amur yebḍan tlata ɣef rebεa n yimdanen ttεicin s ssadaqa

n ddewla. Imdanen-agi yellan ttεicin s leqder d lḥerma

taḥerrit, yifen agdud nneɣ, wwḍen armi uɣalen di lḥif

aberkan kter n waklan.

Deg wayen i d-itteddun, ẓriɣ ilaq-iyi ad wezneɣ ayen ad

d-iniɣ akken ad fkeɣ lǧehd ilaqen i temḥeqranit i bɣiɣ ad

ttḥessem. Meɛna ur umineɣ ara ad iliɣ zemreɣ i waya, ur

zmireɣ ara ad ttuɣ amek i aɣ-d-qublen warrac n Leqbayel

di Mayu, mi aɣ-d-ṭṭalaben acu ara ččen nitni s yijerbuben,

ifassen nsen am yisɣaren. Ur tettuɣ ara amdan-nni n Burǧ

Mnayel iyi-d-yezzin aqadum n yelli-s tamecṭuḥt

yettwakerzen si lḥif, yeqqar-iyi-d : « Teẓriḍ belli taqcict-

agi lukan ad as-tekkes lihana, ad tizdig ad tels mliḥ, ur

tettcabbi ara ar tin imelḥen di trumyin ».

Amek ara ttuɣ nekk iḥulfan i yiman-iw yir ḍḍamir, ayagi

ad d-yeḍḥu mačči ala nekk. Meɛna ayagi akken ad as-

tḥusseḍ ilaq ad tkecmeḍ s leɣmeq di tudrin iḍerrfen aṭas

deg udrar ad twaliḍ igelfan n warrac ileεεben deg uzulix,

arrac n llakul iɣef d-cehden lecyax belli fesxen si llaẓ di

llakul, d temɣarin yeḥfan si tikli akken ad d-awint cweyya

n yirden s lbeεd n waṭas, ara asen-d-seddqen Yirumiyen,

d yigellilen yeεran i d-itezzin iberdiyen nsen am tɣunam

- 21 -

icexren. Ayagi d ayen ur tezmireḍ ad tettuḍ ala ma tebɣiḍ

ad tettuḍ s lɣerḍ-ik.

Lemεawna s lεejlan

Ilaq ad nẓer belli ur nesεi ara taḥsift i wacemma. Agdud

aqbayli s yiman-is ur yesεi ara tuḥsift. Akken ma llan

mmeslayen-iyi-d ɣef lemḥasba nsen meqqren. Ulac win

iyi-d-yemmeslayen belli yesεa lɣecc, ɣas ma yella lɣecc

yeḥwaǧ lǧehd. Ma tḥesseḍ i cwiṭ n lḥif itekkes cwiṭ n

lǧehd i lɣecc.

Ur tesεiḍ wid qesdeɣ dagi. Ruḥeɣ ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel, di

lbal-iw ad d-mmeslayeɣ ɣef wayen yelhan. Meɛna ur

walaɣ acemma. Lḥif i d-yezwaren yeqqen-iyi allen. Lḥif

mkul amkan. Lḥif yettbin s ani ruḥeɣ. D ayen kan i yellan,

i yeččuren allen iɣelben kullec, ama ɣef wid ifeclen neɣ ur

cliεen ara.

Ma rriɣ-d di lbal Tamurt n Leqbayel mačči akken ad d-

cekkreɣ ijeǧǧigen n tefsut-is yettfeggiḍen kul amkan,

meɛna iɣleb-it uqḍar-agi n yineεyuben d yiderɣalen,

εeryan ǧeryan, iyi-ittabaεen kul ass s tsusmi.

Ulac tamuɣli yessendafen kter n lḥif yellan di tmurt

icebḥen kter n tudrin n ddunit. D acu i as-nexdem nekkni?

D acu i as-nerra d azal akken ad yecbeḥ wudem-is ? D acu

- 22 -

nexdem nekkni merra s wigad yettarun, yettmeslayen neɣ

iqeddcen d lεeqqal, itettun kullec n lḥif n wiyaḍ mi ad

kecmen s ixxamen nsen ? Ad d-tiniḍ nḥemmel agdud-agi

ur iqum ara. Tayri ur tesεi ara amkan-is dagi neɣ ssadaqa

neɣ ameslay mebla lmeεna. D lxebz, d irden, d asellek, d

afus aḥnin i ilaqen. Ayen nniḍen akk d lfesti.

Ma tɣillem ttzidiɣ di lehdur awḍet s amkan, ar tudrin

mebla ma tεeddam si tɣiwant. Yiwet neɣ snat tikkal,

wama ayen nniḍen walaɣ, mmeslayeɣ rnu εaceɣ d

Leqbayel akken llan, ala ɣef lḥif nsen i d-ttmeslayen. Ulac

win yettxemmimen ar wayen nniḍen. D yiwen deg-sen

iyi-d-yennan : « Txedmeḍ-aɣ lxir mebla ma teẓriḍ, mi aɣ-

tḥesseḍ s lehmum nneɣ inqes-aɣ uɣbel ».

Ḥusseɣ belli i yimdanen-agi ur telli ddunit, ur telli lfetna n

ddunit, ur yelli wugur nniḍen zdat n lḥif aweḥci iwecmen

iqudam n Leqbayel.

Yiwen n wugur n Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a

Гef lḥif-agi ara d-mmeslayeɣ. Kullec syin, kullec ɣer din. D

tin i d ugur ameqqran awḥid n Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-

a. Meɛna ugur-agi yessefrurex s waṭas iεekkuren nniḍen.

D ayagi i ilaq ad nefhem, rnu ilaq ad nekkes tmesxir n

leεqel d ssadaqa n lḥif.

- 23 -

Meɛna ulac am leḥsab d wayen iḍerrun d tidet deg unnar

n twaɣit. D ayen ad d-neḥku ɣef lḥif-agi. Akken ad as-

nḥess s lekmal ines, nettidir-it. Lqum izaden s waṭas d

tijernaḍin n lḥif d tmezduɣt tamcumt, lexsas n waman d

yiberdan, ammus, lemεawna qlilet. Leqraya ixussen mliḥ

d ayen yessawḍen ifellaḥen n Leqbayel ad ḍaεen mliḥ, d

ayagi ara d-nweḍḍeḥ akken iwata.

Ur ilaq ara ad as-nini belli lḥala-agi ur tesεi ara tawwurt.

Leqbayel zemren ad amnen aya, aḥlil. Kra deg-sen zemren

ad iyi-d-inin awal-agi qerrḥen : « Awi d-yufan lgirra, imir-

n meqqar ad naf acu ara nečč ». Zemren ad amnen belli

teεwej ad tt-yesseeḥlu uεwaj. Meɛna nekkni neẓra ayagi d

lmuḥal. Xaṭer afcal-agi ur yettaf ara ssebba kan di tdamsa

iεewjen. Llant lɣelṭat ad yettwareqεen d tmussniwin ara

nessefti.

Ad d-nini lεeqleyya nneɣ ɣef wayagi, ad tt-id-nini mebla

tuffra. Xaṭer am wakken yenna Bernanos : « Tacmat mačči

d tuffra n tidet, meɛna mi ad d-tiniḍ kan cwiṭ seg-s ».

Lḥif akked cciεa n tmurt n Leqbayel

Ur ẓriɣ ara ma ad ḍelbeɣ ssmaḥ ɣef tsusmi inu ɣef wayen

yeεnan aḥewwes d tukksa n lxiq di Tmurt n Leqbayel, d

wayen tesεa mucaε. Am wiyaḍ aṭas, walaɣ ccbaḥa izaden,

tafsut s ttbut-is, tisebḥiyin ɣef tɣalltin i zerεent tẓerbay n

- 24 -

ǧiḥbuḍ am tregwa n yidammen. Ussan-nni iṭij ifeǧǧeǧ,

ibellirǧen deg waffug nsen uqbel ad naweḍ, zzhir n

yigerfiwen d yisɣan s-nnig yisaffen. Leεmer di ddunit-iw

iyi-d-tban ccbaḥa timcewwelt n tefsut s ttbut-is am tin n

Tmurt n Leqbayel. Meɛna ul-iw ur yefriz ara ayagi. Ad

ǧǧeɣ i wiyaḍ targit-agi icebḥen, idurar yeččuren d

ijeǧǧigen, igenni yesfan, d tmeddiyin ur nesεi tamtilt,

nekk ttwaliɣ aqadum yezreε lḥif, d wallen yeččuren d

arseḍ n uεeṭṭar amesḥuf aqbayli.

- 25 -

Alger Répblicain

6 juin 1939

- II -

Lḥif amsari

« Agdud yettεicin s leḥcic d yiẓuran »

Uqbel ad d-weṣṣfeɣ akken tella lḥala n lḥif s umata di

Tmurt n Leqbayel, uqbel ad d-ḥkuɣ ɣef ubrid i d-yewwi

llaẓ, abrid tebεeɣ acḥal n wussan, bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ kra n

yimeslayen ɣef ssebbat n tdamsa yessawḍen ɣer lḥif-agi.

D ayen ad yeṭṭfen deg yiwen n wawal : Tamurt n Leqbayel

tesεa aṭas n lqum yerna tettett kter n wayen i d-tettɣellit.

Idurar-agi ssefrurxen aṭas n lqum yewwḍen di kra n

tɣiwanin n Ǧerǧer leḥsab 247 n yimdanen kul Km2. Ulac

tamurt n Uruba yessawḍen aya, d lhimer. Mi ad nẓer belli

Fransa tesεa kan 71 n yimdanen kul km2. Deg umḍiq

nniḍen, Leqbayel tetten kan s lqewwa irden d temẓin

sewwayen d aɣrum d seksu. Ma neẓra belli akal n Tmurt n

Leqbayel ur d-yettak ara nneεma. Lɣella n nneεma deg

umḍiq-agi tettaweḍ kan yiwen ɣef tmanya (1/8) n wayen

tetten. Zerriεa-agi ilaqen i tmeddurt ilaq kan ad tt- id-

aɣen. Di tmurt ideg ssenεa qlilet neɣ ulac maḍi ansi ara d-

tek tedrimt ma mačči d lbiε n zzyada n lɣella n tfellaḥt.

- 26 -

Tamurt n Leqbayel tesεa ttjur n lfakya ṭṭaqa d azemmur d

tazert. Meɛna deg waṭas n yimḍiqen tazert ur tettkafi ara i

tgella n yimdanen. Ma d zzit lɣella tettas-d aseggas ɣef sin

gar leqlil d zzyada. Amek ad naf lmizan n leḥwiǧat n

zerriεa i ugdud yelluẓen ?

Ddiwan n yirden yefka ssuma ɣlayen i nneεma, meɛna

ssuma n tazert d tin n zzit ur terni ara. Aqbayli meskin

yeqqim yettxellis s leɣla akal-is uqsiḥ.

Di lḥala-agi iweεren Leqbayel, am yigduden-nniḍen

elluẓen, yerna izad fell-asen lqum, xtaren inig. D ayen

neẓra. Zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ belli ruḥen gar 40 ar 50 alef n

Yiqbayliyen, ma deg useggas n lɣella, Tizi-Uzzu weḥd-s

tjemmaε-d azal n rebεin melyun n franc n lmandat.

Taɣiwant n Fort-National tessaweḍ ad d-tejmeε qrib

amelyun deg wass. Tadrimt-agi n waṭas i d-yexleq

uxeddim n Uqbayli, tessaweḍ ad d-terr lmizan deg

useggas 1926 i tdamsa ixesren n Tmurt n Leqbayel.

Nezmer ad d-nini belli di lweqt-nni tamurt tessaweḍ ɣer

rrbeḥ. Wwḍen Leqbayel armi sɣelben ɣef llaẓ nsen s

lxedma nsen iḥersen.

Meɛna s lḥif n tdamsit di Fransa ixus mliḥ uxeddim, d

ayen yessawḍen ad d-ẓẓεen ixeddamen iqbayliyen, rran

afrag qessiḥen ɣef yiminigen, d ayen sweεren deg useggas

1935 s lqanunat yessawḍen Aqbayli ad yeḥbes deg udrar-

is. Meyya u xemsa u settin n frank i d ssuma n tuɣalin ɣer

- 27 -

tmurt, rnu-as lexṭeyya d leɣrama ara xellsen akk wid

iεedlen isem d yiminig yeṭṭef lqanun amcum. Yeḥbes

yinig. Di lemtel, taɣiwant n Micli tettaṭṭaf kan yiwen ɣef

εecra (1/10) ɣef wayen yellan zik di teswiεt n rrbeḥ.

D tiyita-agi qessiḥen i yessawḍen tamurt ɣer lḥif. Irden

ɣlayet ssuma nsen, ma d ssuma n lɣella yesnuzu ufellaḥ

rxiset ssuma-s. Zik arraw-is s yinig menεen taswiεt. Mi as-

yettwakkes ccɣel, llaẓ yeɣleq tiwwura. D ayen walaɣ s

wallen-iw i bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ s cwiṭ n yimeslayen, d aya i

ilaqen kan ad nḥess i twaɣit yeḍran.

Taɣeddiwt d llsas n tgella

Ayen uran wid iḥekmen ssawḍen ad d-ḥesben rebεin ɣef

meyya (40%) n twaculin n leqbayel i yettεicin s waqel n

1000 n frank i useggas. Ma nxemmem mliḥ, ayagi

yessaweḍ ɣer 100 n frank i waggur. Ccɣel-agi iḥseb-d belli

xemsa ɣef meyya (5%) kan n twaculin i yettεicin s 500

frank i waggur. Mi ara nẓer belli tawacult n leqbayel tesεa

gar xemsa ar setta lerwaḥ, ad nẓer lḥif n yifellaḥen s ani

yewweḍ. Zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ belli xemsin ɣef meyya (50%)

n yimdanen ttεicin s leḥcic d yiẓuran d ssadaqa n ddewla

s yirden d temẓin.

Di Burǧ Mnayel, deg umedya, di 27000 n lerwaḥ yettεicin

di tɣiwant, 10000 d imeɣban n sseḥ, 1000 kan i yettεicin

- 28 -

akken ilaq. Гef wayen i wumi ḥedreɣ ass-nni, mi ḥedreɣ i

ufraq deg umkan, walaɣ azal n 500 n yiẓawaliyen la

ttraǧun nnuba nsen akken ad awin kra n llitrat n yirden.

Ass-nni iyi-d-zzin leεǧeb : yiwet n temɣart iweznen 25

kilu yeknan ɣef sin. Kul yiwen n umeɣbun ad t-id-isaḥ 10

kilu n yirden. Di Burǧ Mnayel, afraq-agi yettili kul aggur,

anda nniḍen kul tlata wagguren. Mi ad nẓer belli, i

twacult n tmanya lerwaḥ laqen 120 kilu n nneεma i yiwen

n waggur (i lxebz). Nnan-iyi-d belli llan yimdanen i wumi

yettaṭṭaf aggur umur nsen n εecra kilu n yirden, mi yekfa

tetten leḥcawec deg-sen isennanen n uɣyul.

Di Tizi-Uzzu, mi ad d-yaweḍ ufraq-agi, llant tlawin i d-

yettasen s lbeεd alama d 30 ar 40 kilumitr. Yewweḍ armi

tent-yessens yiwen n ccix n lǧameε.

Mačči ala ayagi i yellan ɣef lḥif-agi aberkan. Nneεma di

Tizi-Uzzu tuɣal d lmakla n yimerkantiyen. Lemxeyyrin d

wid yessexlaḍen irden d lbecna. Yewweḍ armi yenza

uqenṭar n ubelluḍ εecrin n frank. Tawacult tigellilt tettett

aɣrum n temẓin d uḥelwiḍ, taɣeddiwt d yiẓuran s umata

am ubeqquq, ayen i wumi rennun zzit n uzemmur. Zzit

yettilin aseggas ɣef sin. Ayagi yeεna akk timura n

leqbayel.

- 29 -

Igerdan d yiqjan ttnaɣen ɣef yiḍumman

Yiwet n tsebḥit walaɣ di Tizi-Uzzu arrac s yijerbuben la

ttnaɣen d yiqjan mi ttnadin deg yiḍumman. Mi steqsaɣ,

yiwen n uterras yenna-iyi-d : « Ayagi tettwaliḍ iḍerru kul

ssbeḥ ». Yiwen nniḍen yeḥka-iyi-d belli di tudrin, di

ccetwa, si lḥif yellan, tiwaculin ttnejmaεent ɣef rrif n

lkanun akken ad ttunt llaẓ nsent, akken ad d-yas yiḍes. S

ṭṭul n yiḍ d aḥriret deg yiεecciwen si llaẓ d usemmiḍ.

Yerna lqanun yemneε ɣef usɣar n lɣabat : win ad

yettwaṭṭfen ad as-kksen aɣyul-is. Di tamaḍt n Tizi-Uzzu

ayagi yuɣal d ahdum. Yewweḍ armi kul larebεa, win

yellan s-nnig n uselway n tɣiwant yesseččay 50 yiterrasen

deg-sen aṭas n warrac. Yettak-asen aḥelwiḍ akked lxebz.

Seg-s akkin ad rǧun aggur i umur nsen n lemεawna n

yirden. Timrabḍin n urumi d ccix Rolland ttεawanen di

ssadaqa-agi.

Ad d-tinim : « Mačči akk akka Tamurt n Leqbayel, d yir

taswiεt, mačči akka i yella leḥsab, d wayen nniḍen ». Nekk

ur fhimeɣ ara tamuɣli-agi. Leḥsab yezmer ixus, d sseḥ,

meɛna walaɣ deg Yiεezzuzen yiwet n twacult n εecra

yigerdan ideg mmuten tmanya : d tagi i d tidet taqerḥant.

Mebla ma ḥkiɣ-d ɣef warrac ifesxen si llaẓ deg uɣerbaz di

Fort-National. D ayen yeḍran u mazal ad yeḍru ma ulac

lemεawna iwulmen. Imi ẓriɣ belli deg uɣerbaz n Talam-

Aïach, di tuber iεeddan, lecyax ẓran arrac i d-yusan s

aɣerbaz, d iεeryanen, ččuren d tilkin. Armi i asen-seṭṭlen

- 30 -

fkan-asen lqec. Ẓriɣ deg Yiεezzuzen igerdan ur teffɣen ara

seg uɣerbaz ɣef leḥdac xaṭer taddart nsen tebεed aṭas,

tetten aɣrum d tebselt neɣ kra n yiniɣman.

Di Fort-National, mi ferrqen irden steqsaɣ yiwen n uqcic

tettwalim di lewsayef-agi inu s teylut n temẓin ɣef uεrur-

is :

- I wacḥal n wussan i ak-d-fkan annect-a ?

- Xmesṭac n wussan.

- Deg wacḥal yid-wen di twacult ?

- Xemsa.

- D ayagi i tesεam d tagella ?

- Ih.

- Ur tesεim ara tazert ?

- Ulac.

- Tettarram-as zzit i uɣrum ?

- Ala. Nettarra-as aman.

Imir-n iruḥ uqcic-nni yesmicciw.

Ma berka ayagi ? Ma mmuqleɣ acu uriɣ iɣaḍ-iyi mliḥ lḥal

ɣef wayen iḍerrun n lḥif mi ad t-ẓren medden merra.

Meɛna d ayen ilaqen ad d-iniɣ.

I wass-agi ad ḥebseɣ da, εyiɣ deg ucali gar lḥif d llaẓ n

ugdud. Llaẓ yella. Yettεeyyiḍ s ugerjum-is, la yessefcal.

Tikkelt nniḍen, ad d-iniɣ d acu nexdem i waya, ma nesεa

lḥeq ad as-ndewwer azagur i waya. Ur ẓriɣ ara ma

nefhem ayagi, meɛna ẓriɣ mi d-uɣaleɣ seg yiwen n udrum

n Tizi-Uzzu, ddiɣ d yiwen n uḥbib aqbayli nuli ɣer

- 31 -

tqacucin s-nnig n temdint. S-yinna nettwali-d iḍ mi d-

iɣelli. Di ssaεa-nni ideg tili tettsubbu-d seg yidurar ɣef

wakal ucbiḥ, d ayen i d-yettawin rraḥa i wul n umdan

akken yebɣu yeεsa, meɛna ẓriɣ belli i tamaḍt-inna akin n

uzaɣar ulac talwit i twaculin yezzin i teqrist n yir aɣrum n

temẓin. Ẓriɣ belli tella lḥana n twennaḍt imelḥen aṭas

timeddiyin di tmurt-agi icebḥen, meɛna iɣleb-it lḥif

amcum ireqqen am tergin yugin ccbaḥa n ddunit. « Yya ad

nsubb iyi-d-yenna urfiq-iw ».

- 32 -

Alger Républicain

7 juin 1939

- III-

Lḥif aberkan

Xemsa warrac mmuten mi ččan iẓuran yesεan ssem

Mi εeddaɣ akk di tamaḍt n Tizi-Uzzu, yiwet n temdint mi

ttḥewwiseɣ deg yizenqan ines seqsaɣ yiwen n urfiq-iw

«Ma yella akk imeḍqan akka i tella lḥala ». Yenna-iyi-d ad

twaliḍ kter. Nkemmel aḥewwes s waṭas di taddart ideg

tiḥuna timecṭaḥ yettensar-d seg-sent ubziz n tafat s

iberdan yesḍelmen, tafat yecban ssut n leɣna d ccḍeḥ d

zzhir n umeslay.

Yuɣal walaɣ akter n lḥif s waṭas

Ẓriɣ belli taɣeddiwt d usennan n uɣyul ttekkin s waṭas di

tgella n Leqbayel. D ayen walaɣ mkul amḍiq. Ayen ur ẓriɣ

ara yeḍra-d ilindi deg umḍiq n Abbo ideg xemsa warrac

mmuten mi ččan iẓuran yesεan ssem. Ẓriɣ belli drus n

yirden i ferqen i twaculin, meɛna ur ẓriɣ ara belli afraq-agi

d ssebba n lmut n rebεa temɣarin i d-iruḥen seg yiwet n

- 33 -

taddart ibeεden akkin i Micli akken ad awint amur nsent n

temẓin, mmutent deg udfel mi uɣalent.

Di Σedni ɣef 106 warrac n llakul, 40 kan i itetten akken

ilaq. Di taddart-nni teṭṭuqet lebṭala, ixus mliḥ ufraq n

lemεawna. Di tudrin n Micli llan azal n 500 ur nesεi ara

axeddim. Wid ixussen aṭas zgan-d deg Uqbil, At Yeḥya,

At Yusef. Di tɣiwant-agi neḥseb-d alef n wid ur nesεi ara

axeddim rnu seḥḥan mliḥ. Deg uɣerbaz n Uẓru Uqellal,

ɣef 110 yinelmaden neḥseb-d 35 i itetten yiwet n tremt kan

deg wass. Di Mayu rebεa ɣef xemsa (4/5) n yimdanen

xussen mliḥ, rnu afraq n lemεawna yettili-d kul tlata n

wagguren. Deg Yiwaḍiyen yesεan 7500 lerwaḥ neḥseb-d

3000 yiεeṭṭaren. Di Sidi Σic 60 ɣef meyya xussen mliḥ. Di

taddart n El-Flay s-nnig Sidi Σic, llant twaculin yettɣimin

acḥal tikkelt yumayen ar tlata yyam bla ma ččan. Ṭṭaqa n

twaculin rennunt zerriεa n uzumbi i tgella. Zerriεa i asen-

d-yettawin lexṭeyya n wid yettεassan leɣwabi.

Ma drus aya ad d-rnuɣ belli di tɣiwant n Leqser yesεan

2500 n lerwaḥ, 2000 deg-sen am yiεeṭṭaren. Ixeddamen n

tfellaḥt ttawin yid-sen cweyya n uɣrum d zzit i wass

kamel. Tiwaculin rennunt i tgella azegḍuf yettewwan aṭas

n sswayeε, d lqut n yigellil. D ayen nwala di tudrin n

Yiεeẓẓugen am tudrin n Delles daɣen iḍaεen mliḥ s llaẓ, d

ayen izaden ɣer udewwar n At Slim yessawḍen ad sεun

96% yelluẓen aṭas. Akal nsen yeḥfa maḍi. Imezdaɣ

wwḍen almi sserɣayen asɣar akken ad d-ssufɣen lefḥem i

- 34 -

snuzun di Delles. Ayagi xeddment s tuffra xaṭer ur sεin

ara ttesriḥ. Kul mi ad ttwaṭṭfen tekksen-asen sselεa d

uɣyul. Imezdaɣ n Bni Slim ttruḥun deg yiḍ ɣer Delles.

Win ara ten-yeṭṭfen sɣur iεessasen n lɣaba ad xellsen

leɣrama rnu ad yerr aɣyul nsen ɣer lḥebs. Ma ur yezmir i

lexlas, ad t-awin ɣer lḥebs, dinna meqqar ad yaf acu ara

yečč : Ula d agrireb s leṣlaḥ, d ayagi i yessiwḍen at n Bni

Slim ad ččen.

Acu ara d-rnuɣ i waya ? ilaq ad ten-nɣer mliḥ u ad

nefhem tanḍert nsen d lqella n ṭṭmeε. Ma yella ayagi d

lḥeq ad t-id-nini, meɛna ma nufa d lbaṭel, ilaq-aɣ ad

neḥriret. Ma d ayen ur tuminem ara awḍet s amkan ad

twalim.

Afraq n yirden d nneεma

Acu n ddwa i as-d-ufan i wannect-a n lḥif d llaẓ ? Tura ad

d-rreɣ lǧawab : yiwen n ddwa : d ssadaqa. Si lǧiha ferrqen

nneεma. Si lǧiha nniḍen xelqen-d ccwal i wid iferrqen.

Гef wayen yeεnan afraq-agi yiwen n wawal ara d-iniɣ.

Ayen iεeddan yesban-d belli ccɣel-agi ixus aṭas. Ad

tferqeḍ 12 llitrat kul sin neɣ tlata n wagguren i twacutl

yesεan rebεa ar xemsa n yigerdan d ttmesxir. Ad neṭṭeggir

imelyunen i useggas mebla lmeεna. Xas ma ẓriɣ belli

- 35 -

ssadaqa d ayen yelhan, meɛna yif-it lukan tεawed tsertit

yeεnan imdanen.

Ilaq ad d-nini belli igellilen i wumi ferrqen d lqeyyad i

ten-id-yettextirin neɣ wid iḥekmen di tɣiwant, d ayen ur

nleḥḥu ara s lḥeq. Nnan-d belli tifranin tineggura di Tizi-

Uzzu ttwaxedment s ufraq n yirden. Mačči d nekk ad d-

yinin belli di Yesser, widak ibuṭin ɣef PPA ur as-nefkin

ara amur nsen n yirden n lemεawna. Yerna ṭṭaqa n tmura

n Leqbayel la d-ttcetkint ɣef yir irden i asent-ferrqen.

Nezmer ad d-nini belli irden-agi d win izaden di tumurt

neɣ win ssigren lεesker, iruḥ yexser. Di Micli ferqen

timẓin ula d lmal yugi-tent. Nnan-iyi-d kra n Yiqbayliyen

mebla ma ḍsan-d belli ttmennin ad ilin d iεudiwen n

ddark akken ad ččen timẓin yelhan iwala umejjay n lamal.

Ma yella mazal nettraǧu kra di tsertit-agi tucmit, ilaq ad

nesseklef ixeddamen ilaqen (am wid i d-ijemmεen

leɣrama) akken ad ḥesben akken iwilem wid ilaqen i

lemεawna, yerna laqen yirden yelhan i wučči. Akken ad

telhu ssadaqa. Meɛna ayagi ad iqqim drus, xaṭer tlaq

tsertit ad yekksen llaẓ yerna ad d-yerr lḥerma i ugdud n

Leqbayel. D ayen i nettmenni. Meɛna ayagi d tamsalt

nniḍen.

- 36 -

Axeddim n ssadaqa

Akken ad d-afen tawwurt i lbaṭala yellan s waṭas di

tɣiwanin, snulfan-d axeddim ara inefεen lεamma ideg

lexlas yewwi-d tmanya ar εecra frank deg wass ideg nnefs

ɣef wid fkan d adrim nnefs d nneεma. D ayen nwala di

tɣiwanin n Micli, Fort-National, Mayu, Port-Guidon, d

tiyeḍ nniḍen. Ayagi yelha xersum tella lḥerma n

yimdanen. Meɛna yella wayen n dir deg-s. Wid ur nezmir

ara ad xedmen am yimɣaren d warrac, ur seεεun ara

lemεawna. Lxedma-agi tezga-d s nnuba, win ad d-saḥen

sin wussan i ddurt d lemxeyyer, yerna imukan ulac aṭas.

Di Tizi-Uzzu, ixeddamen xeddmen rebεa wussan kul

rebεin wussan akken ad rebḥen εecrin n llitrat n yirdan.

Acḥal n yimelyunen yettwaserfen i uḥerfi.

Mazal ad d-nedheɣ ɣef wayen nniḍen i walaɣ d lemḍerra

tameqqrant. Di akk tiɣiwanin, kkes-d kan tin n Port-

Guidon, tekksen leɣrama i yigellilen si lmuḥal n lḥif d

tjernaḍin nsen. Ulac ayen yecban taweḥcit am tagi. Ma

yella lxedma-agi n lḥif ḍemεen deg-s, amek ad kksen llaẓ i

lɣaci. Ma yella sxedmen lɣaci akken ad ten-ǧǧen ad

mmten si llaẓ, axir ad ten-ǧǧen meqqar ad mmten si llaẓ

mebla ma xedmen, xaṭer ayagi yecba lmuḥal n lḥif.

- 37 -

Ccetwa tetteddu-d

Ur bɣiɣ ara ad kfuɣ ayagi i d-sewwreɣ n lḥif n cci n

umdan mebla ma nniɣ-d mačči d ayagi kan i icuban

axnunes n ugdud. Akken yebɣu yili lḥif yella wayen

iweεren ma kter imi ccetwa tetteddu-d mi ad yekfu

unebdu. Xaṭer ur yeεdil ara mi ara yeḥmu lḥal ulac

asemmiḍ, iberdan n uḍar sεan tawwurt i tikli. Nezmer ad

naf taɣeddiwt d yiẓuran s waṭas, ad nečč leḥcawec

izegzawen. Ayen nettwali d lḥif aberkan tura, d ccafuεa

ɣer Uqbayli, meɛna asmi adfel ad d-isudd tiɣezza d

yiberdan, asemmiḍ ad igezzem iɣsan n yiεeryanen, yeččur

iεecciwen d tiqit, ass-nni ad tebdu lemḥasba.

Degmi uqbel ad nεeddi ɣer wudem nniḍen n lḥif n Tmurt

n Leqbayel, bɣiɣ ad beyyneɣ lḥeq s kra n yimeslayen

nessen ɣef tmurt n Lezzayer yeqqaren « d tagi i d

lεeqleyya n Uqbayli » akken ad semḥen i lḥala-agi

tamcumt. Ula d mas Albert Lebrun s timmad-is ma nefka-

as 200 frank i waggur akken ad yaɣ tannumi d temεict s-

ddaw tqenṭyar, d lḥif n wammus d telqimt ad d-yefren di

zzbel. Seg wakken amdan icudd ɣer ddunit, yella wayen

iɣelben akk lḥif n ddunit. D lbaṭel fell-aɣ ad d-nini belli

agdud-agi ur yesεi ara am nekkni lemḥibba n ddunit. Xas

ma ur ten-yesεi ara aṭas aygi seg waydeg yuɣ lḥal nexleq-

as-ten-id. D lewhayem amek armi nezmer ad naweḍ ad

nessirxes deg ugdud s ucekker n ukellex belli agdud-agi

yezmer i lḥif xir n wiyaḍ. Ala, mačči akkagi i ilaq ad nwali

- 38 -

leḥwayeǧ, yerna mačči akka ad tent-nwali. Xaṭer

axemmem am wagi d ucmit ma nernu ad as-nessels i

ugdud yemmuten seg usemmiḍ ideg arrac wwḍen ad ččen

tagella n lmal mebla ma ẓran acu ara ten-yenɣen. Ad d-

nini tidet nettεici kul ass, tama nneɣ agdud yella yid-neɣ s

tlata leqrun ɣer deffir, yerna aql-aɣ weḥd-neɣ nugi ad

nḥess i leεǧeb-agi i wumi neḥder.

- 39 -

Alger Républicain

8 juin 1939

- IV -

Tijernaḍin n ulac

“6 ar 10 n frank deg wass i 12 n sswayeε n uxeddim”

Imdanen yummuten si llaẓ sεan kan yiwen n ubrid : d

axeddim. Semḥet-iyi i tidet-agi ẓran akk medden. Meɛna

ayagi mačči d ayen iḍerrun di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Nniɣ-d

uqbel yakan belli nnefs n ugdud n Tmurt n Leqbayel ur

yesεi ara axeddim, ¾ n yiqbayliyen hanen lluẓen. Ayagi

ur nzad ara di leḥsab nneɣ. Meɛna d ayen i d-yesbanen

belli axeddim n dagi ur yesεici ara amdan.

Σeggnen-iyi-d belli tijernaḍin xussent. Ur ẓriɣ ara belli d

tijernaḍin n ukellex. Nnan-iyi-d belli izad lweqt deg

uxeddim, ur ẓriɣ ara belli xeddmen yumayen deg wass.

Ur bɣiɣ ara ad sseɣliɣ ameslay. Meɛna d lwajeb fell-i ad d-

iniɣ dagi belli axeddim di Tmurt n Leqbayel d lxedma n

waklan. Xaṭer ur walaɣ ara isem nniḍen yis ara semmiɣ i

uxeddim n 10 ar 12 n sswayeε deg wass, d lexlas n setta ar

εecra frank. Mazal ad d-rnuɣ mebla ma sfehmeɣ-d ɣef

tjernaḍin mkul tamaḍt n tmurt. Xas ur iyi-tettamnem ara

- 40 -

ḍemneɣ-ken belli ayagi d sseḥ. Sεiɣ dagi zdat n wallen-iw

leḥsab n lexlas n yixeddamen n tfellaḥt n Sabaté-Taracol di

tamaḍt n Burǧ Mnayel. Leḥsab yeεna “lkanza”, isem n

uxeddam nnumru ines d ssuma. Ad d-ɣreɣ amezwaru : 8

frank, 7 frank, 6 frank. Walaɣ belli axeddam-agi yuɣen

setta frank yexdem rebεa yyam. Twalam acu n lmeḥna ?

Xas axeddam yessaweḍ xemsa u εecrin yum deg waggur,

irebbeḥ-d 150 frank anda yezmer ad iεeyyec tawacult n

waṭas n yigerdan di tlatin wussan. Ayagi d ayen

ittwexxiren tilisa n lmuḥal. Bɣiɣ kan ad d-steqsiɣ wigad-

agi ara yeɣren tira inu acḥal yid-sen i zemren ad εicen s

tjernaḍin am tigi ?

Amek yettwazreε s yimeḍqan uxeddim aweḥci di

Tmurt n Leqbayel

Uqbel ad nruḥ s lbeεd a-t-an kra n usefhem. Uqbel yakan

fkiɣ-d tijernaḍin tilemmasin di tamaḍt n Burǧ Mnayel. Ad

d-rnuɣ aya : tiseffarin n lfirmat Tracol ttεeyyiḍent rebεa

yiberdan deg wass ɣef rrebεa, leḥdac, ttnac, ssebεa. D

ayen yessawḍen 14 sswayeε deg wass n uxeddim.

Ixeddamen n tɣiwant ttaṭṭafen-d 9 frank deg wass. Mi

cetkan wid iḍemnen lecɣal n uxeddam di tɣiwant, ssulin

lexlas ar 10 frank. Di lḥewc n Dexxan n umḍiq-nni

(Tabacop), ssuma teqqim 9 frank. Di Tizi-Uzzu lexlas

alemmas yezga-d di 7 frank i 12 n sswayeε. Ixeddamen n

tɣiwant ssawḍen 12 n frank.

- 41 -

Imεellmen iqbayliyen n umḍiq-nni ssexdamen tilawin i

ususi n lbaṭaṭa. Ttwaxellsent 3 frank deg wass, lweqt kif

kif. Di Fort-National, imεellmen iqbayliyen ur xullfen ara

listiεmar, lexlas yezga-d gar 6 ar 7 frank deg wass. Tilawin

ttwaxellsent 4 frank rennunt aɣrum. Ixeddamen n tɣiwant

9, 10 ar 11 n frank.

Di Lǧemεa n Sariǧ yesεan lɣella, irgazen ttawin 8 ar 10

frank i 10 sswayeε, tilawin 5 frank. Di Micli lexlas

alemmas yezga-d di 5 frank, rennun učči, ayagi i 10

sswayeε n lxedma. Tajernaḍt di tɣiwant tewweḍ 11 ar 12 n

frank. Meɛna tekksen fell-as leɣrama mebla ma cawren.

Tikkwal leɣrama-agi tettawi akk lexlas. Talemmast kan

tezga-d di 40 n frank i 15 wussan. Deg Yiwaḍiyen tajerniḍt

di tfellaḥt tella gar 6 ar 8 frank. Tilawin di tukksa n

uzemmur ttawin 3 ar 5 frank, ixeddamen n tɣiwant 10 ar

11 n frank mebla ma nettu leɣrama tuqsiḥt.

Di tamaḍt n Mayu, axeddam yettaɣ 9 ar 10 frank, ma d ass

ur yesεi ara lḥedd. Di tukksa n uzemmur, di lxedma gar

twaculin, lexlas yewweḍ 8 frank i uqenṭar n uzemmur.

Twacult n rebεa yimdanen jemmaεen-d sin yiqenṭaren

deg wass. Leḥsab yefka-d 4 frank i umdan.

Di tamaḍt n Sidi Σic, tajernaḍt tewweḍ 6 frank rennun

aɣrum d yiniɣman. Yiwet n ccarika n dinna tettxellis

ixeddamen 7 frank mebla lmakla. Ssekruyen daɣen i

useggas s wazal n 1000 frank rennun lmakla.

- 42 -

Deg uzaɣar n Leqser yeṭṭef leḥkem Urumi, argaz yettaɣ 10

frank, tameṭṭut 5 frank, aqcic ixeddmen di tferrant 3 frank.

Ma d amḍiq yellan gar Delles d Port-Guidon, tajernaḍt

tezga-d gar 6 ar 10 frank i 12 n sswayeε n lxedma.

Ad ḥesbeɣ leḥsab-iw yessefcalen snat nneqṭat.

Tamezwarut, ixeddamen ur mbiwlen ara, ur ccetkan ara.

Ala deg useggas 1936 i d-kkren yixeddamen di Beni

Yenni, llan bennun abrid, ḥebsen axeddim ɣef ssuma

yellan 5 frank deg wass, tuɣal 10 frank. Ixeddamen-agi ur

sεin ara ssandika.

Tis snat, bezzaf aṭas i yettεeṭṭil uxeddim, yerna ixeddamen

ibeεden yebεed ansi i d-leḥḥun. Llan igad ileḥḥun 10

kilumitr, ad d-ruḥen ad uɣalen. Ttawḍen ɣef lεacra,

ttuɣalen-d ar lxedma ɣef 3 n ssbeḥ. D acu ara ṭṭsen. Axir

lukan ur ttruḥun ara s ixxamen nsen, init-d ma d ddunit

tagi.

Sebbat n ukraz s yimdanen

Ayagi iḍerrun yesεa sebba. Lḥsab n ddewla yessaweḍ

tajernaḍt 17 n frank i wass. D lḥif n lexsas n uxeddim i

yessawḍen ar 6 frank i wass. Imεellmen n Leqbayel d wid

n listiεmar ẓran ayagi, yeffeɣ fell-asen, ula d ddewla n

Urumi ur tebɣi ara timerna n tjernaḍin akken ad teddu di

lebɣi i yimεellmen n Leqbayel.

- 43 -

Deg Wat Yani, sebbat ara d-sfehmeɣ akkin, teḍra-d tsertit

tajdidt n uxeddim n lεamma. Lebṭala yenqes mliḥ.

Tajernaḍt tewweḍ 22 frank deg wass. D ayen i d-ibeyynen

belli tella temḥeqranit n uxeddam, ayen nniḍen akk d

lfesti.

Amεellem n urumi n lkulun yufa-d ssebba belli axeddam

aqbayli yetteḥririt aṭas s tikli ines. Meɛna yagi d tasertit n

lbaṭel yeεnan akk Tamurt n Leqbayel, ssebba d lfayda

ttawin yimεellmen.

Ma d ayen yeεnan ddiεaya belli axeddam aqbayli ixus, ɣef

wayagi i bɣiɣ ad xetmeɣ. Xaṭer ayagi d tamḥeqranit

tamsurit n lkulun ɣef ugdud aqbayli. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ

tamḥeqranit-agi tesban-d amek gan yimawlan-is. Ad tt-id-

iniɣ d lekdeb ur ixus ara ccɣel n Uqbayli. Xaṭer ur as-d-

ufin acemma ad as-rnun wigi yekkaten di Leqbayel,

imεellmen imesbaṭliyen.

Meɛna acu yellan d sseḥ, d lḥif n yixeddamen

yettemṭuṭulen si llaẓ d εeyyu, ur zmiren ara ad refden

agelzim. Axeddam ur yesεi ara lǧehd xaṭer ur yečči ara, ur

yettwaxlas ara akken ilaq lḥal xaṭer ur yesεi ara lǧehd, d

tagi i d ddunit iqelben.

Ayagi ur yesεi ara aqerru. Mačči s ufraq n lemεawna n

yirden ara nekkes llaẓ i Tmurt n Leqbayel, meɛna s

lxedma imeεnen yeẓdan s lḥeqq ad iḥazen akk wid ur

- 44 -

nxeddem ara. D ayen nezmer ad nexdem yerna ilaq s

uzekka.

Nnan-iyi-d ass-agi belli ferqen cciεat i wid iǧuhden

Lalman si Leqbayel iεiwnen Arumi. Mačči s tmesxir i uriɣ

aya, meɛna s leḥzen. D lḥeqq ad nesteεref s tirrugza,

meɛna aṭas i yellan ass-a lluẓen di Tmurt n Leqbayel yerna

εiwnen Arumi mi ten-yeḥwaǧ. D acu i d azal n cciεa n

wuzzal mi ara tt-zzin i warraw nsen ikenfen si llaẓ.

- 45 -

Alger Républicain

9 juin 1939

- V -

Tamezduɣt

“Arrac deg ubrun aberkan n uzulix”

Yewεer ad teẓreḍ liḥala ideg ttεicin Leqbayel ma ur nzur

ara tudrin nsen. Ur d-ttεawadeɣ ara ayen i d-nnan wiyaḍ

ɣef lḥif n yiεecciwen zedɣen Leqbayel. Meɛna ad d-iniɣ

kan belli yesεa yiwet n texxamt yefreq ɣef sin lḥiḍ

amecṭuḥ (40 cm), amḍiq amecṭuḥ isaḥ-d lmal, wayeḍ d

imdanen. S-nnig waddaynin d taεric n rreẓq n twacult ma

yesεa kra n rreẓq. D ayen yis Aqbayli, s yiwet n lxezra ad

iẓer akk d acu yesεa.

Taxxamt-agi ideg ttεicin 5 lerwaḥ s leḥsab alemmas, rnu-

as sin ar tlata n lmal, ur tesεi ara ṭṭaq. Tafat-is d ubeḥri

tekken-d si tewwurt. Tawwurt ideg kecmeɣ mi kniɣ ɣef

sin. Walit tura d acu-tt. Ayagi di Σedni. Xecmeɣ yiwen n

uxxam yecban aεecciw yezdeɣ lḥif aberkan. Daxel d ṭṭlam

d dexxan, daxel llant snat n tlawin, yiwet d tamɣart mliḥ

tayeḍ s uεebbuḍ ad d-tarew. Tlata n warrac ttwalin-iyi-d

wehmen deg-i. Lqaεa n texxamt-nni d akal yettwaddzen,

ɣef rrif n tewwurt teɣza tzulixt i yibeccan n lmal d wid n

- 46 -

umdan. Ulac la taxzant la ṭṭabla acemma. D acu walaɣ mi

yuɣent wallen-iw tannumi d ṭṭlam, tlata n yisebbalen n

talext tamellalt, d snat tqedḥin n talext, d later belli ttεicin

dagi yimdanen. Di tafat-agi qlilen, d rriḥa-agi lmal, d

dexxan-agi yekkaten ar taɣect, leεmer di ddunit-iw ẓriɣ

lḥala n lḥif am tagi, ur friḥeɣ ara maḍi s wayagi. Accu

mazal ad ḍelbeɣ. Meɛna steqsayeɣ tameṭṭut-nni m-

uεebbuḍ ifellqen tettaṭṭaf s sin yifassen : «Anda

tegganem?» « Dagi » i d-tenna, tessewεed-iyi-d tasga tama

n tzulixt n yibeccan.

Taddart n Yizulixen

D ayen neẓra ur temliḥ ara temdint n yigerbiyen. Meɛna

acu ilaq ad nẓer ɣef wannect-a n lḥif n yixxamen ad d-

nernu wid iḥekmen ur necliε ara deg wayagi. Gar wayen i

d-zureɣ walaɣ adewwar n Balwa tama n Tizi-Uzzu. Walaɣ

ayen ẓriɣ mkul amkan. Akk tizulixin leḥḥunt deg

yizenqan. Akk tizulixin nnejmaεent ɣer yiwen n yiɣzer

iteddun di tlemmast n uzniq. D ayen yerran akk izenqan d

izulixen ideg teddun leεfuniyyat ur yeqbil leεqel : d

tiyuzaḍ yemmuten d yimqerqar yeblujgen. Ass-nni ideg

ruḥeɣ ar Balwa walaɣ tlata neɣ rebεa warrac ttlaεaben deg

uzniq, ttnalen s yiḍudan nsen amqerqur yemmuten daxel

n leεfuniyya ur iqebbel lxaṭer. Deg yiwetn teksart,

izulixen-nni subben-d am wasif nnejmaεen-d ččuren d

tizit. Akal-nni ideg subben yebda aseyyex, qrib ad yawi

- 47 -

ixxamen iqerben yellan di εecra, ad ruḥen s yimdanen

nsen ad ɣerqen. Ayagi yeεna akk Tamurt n Leqbayel, ur

ttwaxedment ara tzulixin akken ilaq, wama lkabinat ulac

maḍi. D iberdan n tudrin i yuɣalen d lkabinat.

Di taddart n El-Flay izad wi izaden. Iberdan akk d azulix,

nnejmaεen-d ar ubrid alemmas yuɣalen d asif n uzulix n

snat lmitrat di tehri, yuččuren d leεfuniyya leεmer walaɣ

di ddunit-iw. Di lḥala yecban tagi, Leqbayel ttεicin

“normal”. Yerna ddunit nsen teččur d lḥanna d ssadaqa. D

ayen ḥusseɣ mi d-zureɣ Tawrirt Meqqren di Fort-National

deg yicuqqar n udrar. Netteddu deg tezniqin gar

yixxamen n uẓru d talext, d yiḥelyiwen, igenni yebra-d i

uzɣal qessḥen ɣef yiberdan ideg d-tettali lfuḥa n uzulix d

leεfuniyya. Di mkul amnar n uxxam ad k-id-tqabel rriḥa n

lmal d ddexxan. Di kul iberdan yerɣan seg yiṭij, d izulixen

ttazzalen d warrac la leεεben d igelfan, arrac s yijerbuben,

umliḥen n wallen : di tekwatin n yixxamen, ssut n tlawin

yettali-d am ssut n tyuzaḍ, ttεeddayent s yisugam n

waman. Tikwal ttwaliɣ tirekkabin n wuzzal d sellumat ur

iban ansi i d-kkan, yeεlulqen i ubeḥri.

Nniɣ-as belli tameddurt dagi ur txulef ara tin n Fransa neɣ

Lyunan. Meɛna tlaq tgella, laqen waman, laqen yiberdan.

- 48 -

Abrid d waman

Dagi ad d-iniɣ aɣbel ameqqran n Tmurt n Leqbayel

yettabaεen tamezduɣt-is. Mačči d lmuḥal ma nniɣ-d belli

Tamurt n Leqbayel ɣas ma teččur d adfel, d iɣezran, d

tamurt n ffad. Tlata ɣef rebεa n tudrin ttagment s nebεid

iεedda akilumitr. Ula d taqrart n Burǧ Mnayel yesεan

tεedda meyya yixxamen, tesεa kan tlata tliwa. “deg

unebdu, teḍra yid-neɣ am yifrax n sseḥra”, i d- yeḥka

yiwen n umezdaɣ. Akka yerna mačči d nitni i d ineggura.

Ula d yiwen n udewwar n Burǧ Mnayel ur yesεi aman. Di

kra n yidewwaren n Tizi-uzzu tessen lɣaci di tmedwin n

lmal. Di Σedni tilawin ttagment-d s lbeεd iεeddan yiwen n

ukilumitr. Di Micli, imezdaɣ n taddart Taḥeccaṭ, deg

udewwar Agudal, leḥḥun snat sswayeε d nnefs i wakken

ad awḍen ɣer lεinser. Tudrin n Temiguṭ, Tililit, Awrir,

Wad Slil leḥḥun nnefs n ssaεa akken ad d-agmen.

Imezdaɣ n At Kuku leḥḥun sebεa kilumitr akken ad d-

agmen. Deg umḍiq n Mayu tawla i d-tettak tizit texdem

axessar di Bni Mensur anda imezdaɣ tessen aman n wasif

d ugelmim. Гer ṭṭerf nsen, di Tḥeccaṭ, imezdaɣ qqazen

imerjan di lqaεa akken ad d-jemεen aman n ugeffur. Am

di Sidi Σic daɣen. Deg udewwar n Tmeẓrit imezdaɣ

ttawin-d aman azal n nnefs n ssaεa s lbeεd seg yimerjan

yumsen. Di El-Flay tilawin ttganint iḍ kamel nnuba nsent i

waman akken ad tent-id-tsaḥ tafejrit d timezwura.

- 49 -

Ayen yeεnan iberdan, meḍrur am wayen yeεnan aman.

Tilemmasin n tɣiwant sεant. Meɛna akk tudrin xussent

iberdan n ukerrus. Di Burǧ Mnayel ala adewwar n Wad

Smir i yesεan abrid, wiyaḍ akk ulac. Azal n yiwen

ukilumitr akk i d-yezzin i Tizi-Uzzu, tudrin ttwaεezlent.

Deg Yiwaḍiyen, ɣef tesεa tudrin yiwet kan i yesεan abrid.

Di tɣiwant n Sidi Σic, di 56 n tudrin 10 kan i yesεan abrid.

Azal n waya i yellan deg umḍiq n Mayu, Meqleε, Delles.

D ayen yis ara xetmeɣ deg umḍiq n Sidi Σic llant tlawin

leεmer i d-ruḥent ɣer tɣiwant di ddunit nsent, leεmer

walant ṭumubil, ayagi ad d-smektiɣ belli aql-aɣ di 1939.

Xussen aman, xussen iberdan, ttwaεezlen deg yiεecciwen

nsen, Leqbayel ṭṭalaben akk ayagi ixussen. Xaṭer ma yella

uggdud yeḥwaǧen tamezduɣt iwennεen d Leqbayel.

Akken ad tamnem ruḥet ad ttwalim tudrin ɣef ubrid am

Yiεezzuzen d Tmazirt ɣef ubrid aɣelnaw. Aṭas yiselmaden

d yixeddamen n ddewla d Yiqbayliyen zedɣen din.

Nwala-ten kan bɣan ad gerrzen ixxamen nsen, ad εicen

zeddigit.

Ilaq-aneɣ ad nεiwen agdud aqbayli ɣef wayen yessaram

di temεict iwennεen. Walaɣ di Burǧ Mnayel yiwen n lḥay

i xedmen i lfayda n yimezdaɣ d ayen yelhan. D ixxamen n

snat texxamin kerrun Leqbayel 40 frank i waggur. Meɛna

ɣas akka yettban-aɣ-d ur bezzaf ara, lekra-agi ɣlay aṭas,

xaṭer kullec iteddu ɣef leḥsab n tjernaḍin.

- 50 -

Nnan-aɣ-d belli laqen waṭas n yidrimen akken ad gerrzen

yiberdan d waman. Гef wayagi ur ttɣawaleɣ ara ad

xetmeɣ. Ad d-iniɣ kan belli tlaq yiwet n tsertit i unegmu n

Tmurt n Leqbayel imi nebɣa ad as-nini belli d tamurt nneɣ

i waya ilaq ad ngerrez lexlas, d tmezduɣt d wayen nniḍen.

Meɛna akken ad qqimeɣ di lmuḍuε inu, ad d-smektiɣ belli

yella di Micli lεinser izemren ad ikafi rebεa tudrin, ayagi

d lmital; deg At Yani s lemεawna n Yirumiyen wwḍen-d

waman ɣer taddart; di Port-Guidon imqeddem n ddewla

yebna-asen 17 n tliwa deg udrar. Ccɣel yella s waṭas, ilaq

ad netbeε ttejriba. Ad d-iniɣ kan ad xetmeɣ aqelleb inu

acu ilaqen d lḥell i lexsas-agi yeεnan tamezduɣt akken ad

ttun Leqbayel aluḍ d yizulixen nsen.

- 51 -

Alger Républicain

10 juin 1939

- VI -

Lemεawna

“Yiwen n umejjay i 6000 yimezdaɣen”

Waqila mebla ma nniɣ-d akken ad bduɣ, belli agdud ur

nesεi aman d wayen yettabaεen tezdeg, d lmuḥal ad d-yili

d agdud iseḥḥan. Ma yella aygi yettuɣaḍ lḥal fell-as,

yuttuɣaḍ xaṭer mi ara teẓreḍ belli agdud-agi yettεicin di

lḥif yezdeɣ tamurt imelḥen di ddunit. Mebla ma nniɣ-d

belli lexsas usiweḍ n lexber mačči d ayen ara iεiwnen

ccɣel n ṭebbat d wid iqeddcen yid-sen. Mi ad d- nini snat-

agi n nneqṭat ad as-nernu lexsas ṭebbat, ad d-iniɣ amek

ttwaliɣ lecɣal ɣef wayen yeεnan lemεawna. Imi leqdic-agi

yeḥwaǧ leḥsab ilaqen, a-t-an leḥsab-iw s ttfasil.

Akken ad nwali amek tella lḥala, ilaq ad nẓer belli Tamurt

n Laqbayel tesεa azal n yiwen n ṭṭbib i 60000 yimezdaɣ.

Ayagi d ttmesxir. Leḥsab i d-ibanen d tmesxir mi ara nẓer

belli tεedda nnefs n yimezdaɣ ibeεden mliḥ ɣef wanda

yettili ṭṭbib, acḥal n sswayeε n tikli. Amek ara xedmen

yimejjayen ɣas ulukan d wid yelhan. Kul mi ara yili lehlak

ineṭṭḍen, yiwet kan n tsertit i yellan : Ǧǧet lḥal akken.

- 52 -

Ma tεerḍeḍ akken nniḍen ad texnez ddunit akter. Amḍiq

n Burǧ Mnayel ur yesεi ara ṭṭbib di tɣiwant. Llan sin n

ṭṭebbat s lexlas, d yiwet n tefremlit i wazal n 25000

yimezdaɣ. Tafremlit-nni tleḥḥu-d ɣef uɣyul. Tikwal

tleḥḥu azal n 38 kilumitr ɣer umuḍin.

Tizi-Uzzu tesεa yiwen n ṭṭbib n tɣiwant i wazal n 45000 n

lerwaḥ. Meɛna ulac tafremlit. D ayen yessawḍen ssbiṭer

ad yettxellis azal n 50000 frank i useggas. Lexsas-agi yella

daɣen deg udewwar n Balwa ideg neḥseb azal n 7 lerwaḥ i

yettlalen di ddurt. D ayen yessawḍen asiwel i ṭṭbib s lexlas

rnu-as lqibla. Ayagi mačči menwala i as-izemren. Yenna-

iyi-d yiwen n uẓawali belli yettwalas azal n 600 n frank

ideg ur ixelles acemma.

D ayen yessawḍen kra n yimdanen ad d-gren iman nsen.

D akken ccix Rolland yettεawan ṭṭbib Saussol ttdawin deg

uxxam nsen azal n nnefs n wass i ddurt. Lehlak n wallen

yeṭṭuqten deg uẓɣal, ayagi baṭel. Meɛna ur ḥyan ara,

dakken ttɣimin-d azal n 100 yimuḍan ur asen-d-tsaḥ ara

nnuba tameddit n wass. Akken ad d-iniɣ taɣiwant n Tizi-

Uzzu tεawen di ccɣel-agi s wazal n 125 frank akken ad d-

tefk aman baṭel.

Taɣiwant n Fort-National tesεa kan yiwet n tefremlit i d-

ileḥḥun akked yiwen yettεawanen amejjay. Imrabḍen n

Urumi akked wid yewεan ttεawanen akken zemren. Deg

udewwar n Bni Xlili i d-yezgan 40 kilumirt si Fort-

- 53 -

National, ur iruḥ ara ɣur-sen umejjay 15 n ssna aya. Ilindi

ḍelben ad ten-cidden ɣer umḍiq yesεan amejjay di

Meqleε. Iɣerbazen d ayen leεmer i ten-id-izur umejjay, sliɣ

sɣur yiwen yettseṭṭilen, yeḥka-iyi-d belli yiwet n εemti-s

terba-d mebla amejjay yuɣal temmut nettat d llufan-is deg

yiwet n ccedda ur nesεi isem.

Taddart n Σedni ur twala ara tafremlit azal n tlata

yiseggasen d nnefs. Kul ma iruḥ umejjay ɣer din ilaq

lexlas n 80 frank. Ur as-ssawalen ara lɣaci. Yerna deg

unebdu yettili aṭas lehlak n warrac ineqqen tesεa warrac

ɣef εecra gar wid yesεan seg useggas ar xemsa. Di Micli

90000 yimezdaɣ yella kan yiwen n umejjay n Urumi d

yiwet n tefremlit d yiwen n umεawen n umejjay. Seg

wakken yeqwa lɣaci, amejjay-nni yeḍleb tlata tefremliyin

d tlata yimεawnen, d ayen ur d-qbilen ara. D tafremlit-nni

i yuɣalen tettεawan lɣaci si lǧib-is. Yerna taɣiwant n Micli

tettserrif kul aseggas 400000 frank i lemεawna. Meɛna

ṭṭaqa n udrim-agi yettwaserref i yimuḍan yettɣimin di

ssbiṭer. S wannect-a umesruf nezmer kul aseggas ad

nebnu di mkul adewwar amkan n ulawi s lεejlan, ad

nernu ad nefk i tɣiwant ttawil ameqqran di εecra snin.

Deg Yiwaḍiyen ideg yeqwa lehlak n tizit, ttabaεen amḍiq

n Buɣni deg ulawi yesεan azal n settin alef yimezdaɣ, ɣur-

sen yiwen n umejjay arumi, tafremlit, d yiwen n umεiwen

n ṭṭbib. Deg Yiwaḍiyen ur neẓri ara ayen kksen amkan n

lxedma i tefremlit. Di tɣiwant n Mayu yella yiwen n

umejjay i 30000 yimezdaɣ, rnu-as yiwet n tefremlit d

- 54 -

yiwen n umεiwen. Meɛna tezga teččur ssbiṭer-agi. Deg

yiseggasen 1936, 1937, 1938, tlata tterkat i iεeddan yenɣan

gar 80 ar 100 lerwaḥ i yiwet.

Di tɣiwant n Sidi Σic yesεan 120 lerwaḥ, yella kan yiwen n

umejjay d tefremlit d yiwen n umεiwen. Mi ad d-ruḥen

yimezdaɣ n El-Flay ad lawin ttxellisen 100 frank mi ara

ten-izur ṭṭbib s axxam. Taswiεt kif kif akk di Tmurt n

Leqbayel, akk tiɣiwanin bḥal Delles, Tigzirt. Di teswiεt-agi

ideg ttaruɣ imeslayen-agi, taddart n Tqubεin yellan tama

n Tegzirt tečča-tt tterka yenɣan 40 lerwaḥ. Armi mmuten

wis 40 i yuzen ccambiṭ i wid teεna temsalt. Tterka

tettkemmil ccɣel-is.

Kul 100 Leqbayel ad d-ilalen 50 ttmettaten

Nezmer ma yella nebɣa ad d-newsef leḥsab-agi i d-nenna

ɣef wayen yeεnan tamejjayt. Meɛna axir ad d-ddmeɣ

lemtel n tɣiwant n Sumam akken ad twalim. Tesεa nniɣ-t-

id yakan 15000 yimezdaɣ. Kul aseggas, di tlemmast,

ttlalen-d 4562 n llufanat ideg ttmettaten, di tlemmast, 613

n llufanat yesεan seg yiwwas ar yiwen n useggas;

ttmettaten 756 n useggas ar εecra snin; 99 n yilemẓiyen si

εecra snin ar 20 ssna ; 882 n wid izaden 20 ssna. Ilaq ad d-

iniɣ belli aṭas n llufanat ur newwiḍ ara aseggas

yettmettaten ur llin ara ttwamerkin di tɣiwant. Meɛna ɣas

- 55 -

mebla ayagi leḥsab yessaweḍ 2350 n lmuta i useggas. D

ayen yessawḍen 50% n lmut ar tlalit.

Yiwen wugur

Ur walaɣ ara acu ara d-rnuɣ i wannect-a n lewsayef i

Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ad yelhu ma nenna-d acu nmenna ad

iseggem. Ur teffreɣ ara uguren n yimejjayen d waṭas n

lexsas n Tmurt n Leqbayeli wumi ilaq lḥell ɣef wayen

yeεnan sseḥḥa. Meɛna ugur n yiberdan i ulac zwaren

lqella n ṭṭebbat i wumi ilaq ubrid (i wumi ilaq ubrid). Ur

nessawal ara i yimejjayen ma llan waman, zeddigit lḥala,

yekkes llaẓ, dayen i ḥwaǧen yimezdaɣ-agi yeεran ɣas ma

yella tamurt nsen d ayen izaden di twannaḍt. Yerna ma

llan yidrimen amejjay ad d-iruḥ di lawan. Uguren-agi

mcudden wa ar wa : win n sseḥḥa yetbeε-it ubrid d

waman, d lbaṭala d tjernaḍin. D iɣeblan-agi merra i

iceɣben Tamurt n Leqbayel i ilaq ad nekkes akken ad

twenneε tmeddurt n umdan ; ayagi s ubeddel n tmuɣli ɣef

wayen yeεnan tadamsa. Ma nessaweḍ ar waya, ad yekkes

lḥif, ad yuɣal ur nettwali ara deg yiberdan yeččuren d

ijeǧǧigen n Tmurt n Leqbayel lḥif aberkan deg wallen n

yimezdaɣ yessawalen i lmut.

- 56 -

Alger Républicain

11 juin 1939

- VII -

Leqraya

Leqsur di lxali

Ffad n Uqbayli i uḥfaḍ d lbenna ines i leqraya d ayen

mechuren s waṭas, zzyada ɣef lefhama ines, Aqbayli yeẓra

lfayda n uɣerbaz akken ad yecbu wid iteddun ɣer zdat.

Mačči d ayen ixussen d teswiεt-agi menwala n tudrin

fkant-d axxam, adrim neɣ ddraε nsent akken ad d-sfaydin

s uɣerbaz. Ṭṭaqa d ayen i d-teqbel ddewla mačči kan

iɣerbazen n warrac. Ulac amḍiq n Tmurt n Leqbayel ideg

ur iyi-d-ḍliben ara imezdaɣ-is s lḥrara ad sεun aɣerbaz i

teḥdayin, d ayen ass-agi yesεan akk inelmaden.

Cwiṭ n umezruy ɣef leqraya n Leqbayel

Yerna d ayen yeεnan ugur n leqraya di Tmurt n Leqbayel.

Tamurt-agi txuss iɣerbazen. Xas ma yella ur xussen ara

yidrimen i leqraya. D ayen ara d-sfehmeɣ ɣer zdat. Bɣiɣ

εecra yiɣerbazen mucaεen, yettwabnan melmukan, ṭṭaqa n

yiɣerbazen ttwabnan leǧwayeh n 1892.

- 57 -

Si 1892 ar 1912 lebni n yiɣerbazen yeḥbes maḍi. Di lweqt-

nni asenfar Joly Jean-Marie yeεna lebni n yiɣerbazen s

wazal n 5000 frank. Leḥkem ameqqran Lutaud, ass n 7

furar 1914 inebbeh-d ɣef lebni di tmurt n Lezzayer n 62

yiɣerbazen, azal n 22 yiɣerbazen i useggas. Lukan i

yettwaxdem nnefs n usenfar-agi, 900000 n warrac-agi

mebla llakul ad yili qqaren akk.

Гef sebbat ur bɣiɣ ara ad ɣzeɣ, asenfar-agi n lebni n

llakulat ur yettwaxdem ara. D ayen yeǧǧan ass-a tis εecra

kan n yigerdan n Leqbayel yewwḍen i llakul la qqaren.

Ad d-nini belli lkulun ur yexdimen acemma ɣef ayagi ?

Ugur-agi yewεer. Deg wawal-is aneggaru i lεamma, mass

Le Beau yenna-d belli ayen din n yimelyunen i

yettwaserrfen i leqraya n warrac n Leqbayel, meɛna ɣef

leḥsab ara wen-d-fkeɣ tura, d ayen ad d-ibeyynen belli

ulac ayen ibeddlen ala cwiṭ maḍi. Yeqqim-d d acu xedmen

s yimelyunen-agi yettwaserfen, amek ttwaḍeyyεen, d

ayen ara εerḍeɣ ad d-sfehmeɣ. Meɛna ad nwali qbel lḥala

amek tella.

Arrac deg yiɣerbazen

Am wakken ilaq ad tili temsalt, ayen yettabaεen imukan n

ddewla, kullec igerrez. Meɛna acu i aɣ-iceɣben dagi d

ayen yeεnan agdud n Leqbayel s umata di tudrin nsen.

- 58 -

Yerna nezmer ad d-nini belli Tizi-Uzzu, yesεan aɣerbaz

yelhan i lfayda n Leqbayel n wazal n 600 yimukan, yettagi

azal n 500 i useggas.

Deg yiwen n uɣerbaz n Umalus, walaɣ s wallen-iw lecyax

ugin i wazal n εecra yinelmaden ad kecmen ɣer llakul. Mi

ara nẓer belli mkul taneɣrit s zzyada n waṭas yinelmaden,

yettawḍen ar 60 neɣ 80.

Deg At Dwala, nezmer ad nwala teneɣrit yesεan 86

yinelmaden sneṭḍen di mkul takwat, llan wid ittebdaden.

Di Lǧemεa N Sariǧ, yella yiwen n uɣerbaz acekk-it yesεan

250 yimukan yugin ad d-ṭṭfen 50 n warrac di Octobre.

Aɣerbaz n Σedni yesεan 160 n warrac, ḍeggren εecra d

zzyada ɣef wid ssufɣen xaṭer sεan s-nnig 13 n ssna.

Гef tmura i d-idewwren i Micli, lḥala ma tesmeḥ-iyi ad d-

iniɣ tesɣaray axaṭer. Deg udewwar n Aguedal yesεan

11000 lerwaḥ yella kan yiwen n uɣerbaz yesεan snat n

tneɣritin. Adewwar n Ittomagh yesεan 10000 yimezdaɣ ur

yesεi ara maḍi. Deg At Wasif, aɣerbaz n Bu-

Σebderreḥman yugi azal n 100 warrac.

Aql-aɣ di sin yiseggasen, taddart n At Σilem tefka-d

axxam akken ad ɣren deg-s, ixus kan uselmad.

Deg umḍiq n Sidi Σic, di taddart n Ssuq Aqdim, ɣef 200 i

d-iqeddmen iman nsen di Octobre, ṭṭfen kan xmesṭac.

- 59 -

Deg udewwar Ikedjane yesεan 15000 yimezdaɣ, yesεa kan

yiwen n uɣerbaz. Deg udewwar n Tmeẓrit yesεan kif kif

yimezdaɣ, yesεa kan yiwen n uɣerbaz d yiwet n tneɣrit.

Adewwar n Iḥeǧǧaǧen yesεan 5000 yimezdaɣ, ulac maḍi

aɣerbaz. Adewwar n Aẓru N Beccar (6000 yimezdaɣ), ulac

aɣerbaz.

Azal n 80% n warrac n umḍiq-agi ur qqaren ara,

ttwaḥerrmen seg uɣerbaz. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ, azal n

10000 n warrac deg umḍiq-agi ttwaḍeyyεen i waluḍ d

uzulix.

Гef wayen yeεnan taɣiwant n Mayu, sεiɣ dagi s-ddaw

wallen-iw leḥsab n yiɣerbazen n udewwar ɣef mkul

amdan. Meɛna leḥsab-agi ur yesεi ara lmeεna. Ad nẓer

kan belli i 30000 n Yiqbayliyen, tamnaḍt-agi tesεa kan

tesεa n tneɣriyin. Deg umḍiq n Delles, adewwar n Beni-

Sliem i d-nniɣ yakan d igellil s waṭas, yesεa 9000

yimezdaɣ ulac akk aɣerbaz.

Ma d iɣerbazen n tullas, tesεa yidewwaren ɣef εecra ur

sεin ara. Meɛna ayagi yesεa lmesuliyya nniḍen. Ayen kan

ad d-nin ɣef wayen yeεnan leqraya, d ayen bɣan s waṭas

Leqbayel.

Ulac ayen yettuɣaḍen am Leqbayel msakit yeẓran

lmenfiεa n leqraya, bɣan ad ɣrent ula d tilawin nsen.

Walan belli ula d lmufahama d tlawin si leqraya ara d-

- 60 -

tekk.“ Fket-aneɣ llakulat i teḥdayin nneɣ, ma ulac syin-a

ara d-tebdu lemgarda d ccwal.

Aɣbel ur nesεi tawwurt

Ad d-nini belli ur nexdim acemma i leqraya n Leqbayel ?

Ayagi d lεeks. Nebna iɣerbazen ifazen, azal n εecra ad d-

yeḍḥu. Mkul yiwen yesqam-d azal n 700000 ar amelyun n

frank. Wid imelḥen s waṭas d wid n Lǧemεa N Sariǧ, n

Tizi-Raced, N Tizi- Uzzu, n Timlilit. Meɛna iɣerbazen-agi

zgan ččuren, ttagin arrac. Yerna mačči d ayen ḥwaǧen deg

umḍiq-nni i sɣaren.

Tamurt n Leqbayel ur teḥwaǧ ara leqsur, teḥwaǧ

iɣerbazen iwennεen. Ad d-iniɣ, yerna lecyax akk lan yid-i,

mačči d ixxamen ireqmen i bɣan, meɛna wid kan

iwennεen. Ẓriɣ d wigad iḥemmlen ccɣel nsen s waṭas,

axir-asen llakul n zzyada wala rrqem ur nesεi ara lmeεna.

Azamul n tsertit-agi tuεwijt d ayen walaɣ deg ubrid n

Port-Guidon, mi nezger deg umḍiq n Uɣrib akal ixussen

aṭas deg wakal n Leqbayel. Acu imelḥen dinna siwa

tamuɣli n lebḥer i d-ittbanen si tqacuct n udrar. Di

tlemmast n tafat yeččuren d zzhir, d wakl n uẓru ur

nemεin i tfellaḥt yemɣin d uzzu d tidekt, akal ur tqeṭṭeε

tiṭ. Di tlemmast nsseḥra-agi, ur nesεi amdan i bana

aɣerbaz n Uɣrib am wayen ur nesεi lmeεna.

- 61 -

Ttwaḥettmeɣ dagi akken ad d-iniɣ akk ayen ttxemmimeɣ.

Ur ẓriɣ ara acu ara nxemmem ɣef wawal-agi iyi-d-yenna

yiwen n Uqbayli “Ilaq-aneɣ s wannect-a n udrim ad

nexdem cwiṭ kan n yiɣerbazen, d aya i bɣan wid

iḥekmen”. Meɛna, icebba-iyi Rebbi belli aygi ayagi

bennun n llakulat, xeddmen akken ad ten-walin bnan d

ayagi. Ur bnin ara iɣerbazen i lmenfiεa n ugdud Aqbayli.

Semḥet-iyi mi rfiɣ akka deg wawal-iw, d tikkelt

tamezwarut di ccɣel-iw aɣmis xaṭer tasertit am tagi diri-tt

aṭas. Xaṭer ma tella kra n cciεa mačči d tinn lekdeb, ilaq ad

tili d tin yersen ɣef tidet, lehna, tagmat.

Гef wayen yettwaserrfen i yiwet n llakul yecban leqser,

nezmer ad nebnu talata yiɣerbazen yessren, d ayen ara

ijemεen igerdan-agi yettwaḍeyyεen mkul aseggas. Steqsaɣ

acḥal yeswa uɣerbaz imeεnen mebla ma ifaz aṭas, ara

yesεun snat n tneɣriyin, snat n tmezduɣin i yiselmaden.

Ad d-tesqam azal n 20000 frank. D ayen iyes ara nebnu

tlata n llakulat s yiwen-agi n lbenyan n llakul-n-leqsur ! D

tasertit ad metleɣ ar win ad yefken tapupit n 1000 frank i

ugrud yelluẓen ur nečči ara tlata wussan.

Leḥyuḍ ilaq ad yettwaɣeḍlen

Leqbayel ṭṭalaben iɣerbazen akken ṭṭalaben aɣrum. Meɛna

ẓriɣ belli aɣbel n leqraya ilaq ayen ad t-yekksen seg

yiẓuran. D ayen iyi-d-nnan akk Leqbayel akked

mmeslayeɣ. Leqbayel ad sεun aṭas yiɣerbazen asmi ara

- 62 -

nekkes tilisa-agi nerra deg ufus nneɣ gar leqraya n warrac

n Lurup d wid n ugdud azzayri, assmi ara qqimen wa

tama n wa deg yiwen uɣerbaz warrac n sin-agi yigduden,

ad msefhamen, ad myussanen.

Ẓriɣ mačči d ayen isehlen ɣef wayen yeεnan lqedra n

leqra, meɛna ur ilaq ara ad nḥess i wid yessefcalen, nitni

ẓran nnfeε nsen. Гef wayen qqaren ad nerr agdud-agi am

win n Urumi, ilaq i waya ad as-nefk i ugdud-agi ccerf

akken ad yili d arumi, ur ilaq ara ad t-neεzel seg

Yirumiyen. Ma yella fehmeɣ mliḥ, d ayagi i d- yeṭṭalab.

Гef wayen ḥesseɣ imir-n ara tebdu lmeεrifa gar sin

yigduden. Nniɣ “ad tebdu” xaṭer ar tura mazal ur tebdi

ara, d ayen ideg ɣelḍen yirgazen n tsertit nneɣ. Гef

wakken walaɣ, yerna d ayen isehlen i waya : ilaq-aneɣ kan

ad asen-nmudd afus nneɣ s tidet. Meɛna d nekkni i ilaqen

ad neɣḍel leḥyuḍ-agi i aɣ-iferqen.

Ayen izaden (P.S). Iḍelli nefka-d di leḥsab imejjayen tesεa

Tmurt n Leqbayel yiwen n leḥsab ur yeɣliḍ ara. Taɣiwant

n Ssumam tesεa 125000 n lerwaḥ, tesεa mačči yiwen n

umejjay d yiwet n tefremlit, meɛna sin yimejjayen d snat

tefremliyin.

- 63 -

- VIII -

Sin wudmawen n tdamsit n Tmurt n Leqbayel:

Lḥirfat n ccɣel n ufus akked rriba

Rriba yewwḍen 110 ɣef meyya

Akken ad xetmeɣ ayen uriɣ ɣef lḥala n Tmurt n Leqbayel,

uqbel ad εeddiɣ ɣer wayen nessarem ad ibeddel akken ad

tgerrez teswiεt ɣef ugdud n Leqbayel, akken ad yekkes

lḥif i tmurt, ilaq ad ttwakksen aṭas n wuguren icudden ar

waya ass-a.

Mačči d ayen zemreɣ ad d-εnuɣ s ttfasil ɣef yiɣeblan n

lɣerba d tmeṭṭut n Leqbayel amek tetteddu, lbaṭel n

tjernaḍin d lemxalfa n lexlas gar Urumi d Uzzayri, meɛna

uqbel ad fkeɣ lεeqleyya-aw ɣef wayen yeεnan tasertit,

tadamsa d yiɣeblan n lεamma ar wussan i d-iteddun, bɣiɣ

ad d-mmeslayeɣ ɣef sin wuguren ḍruran mliḥ, lḥirfat n

ccɣel n ufus akked rriba. D ayen ilaqen akken ad tseggem

tdamsa n tmurt, ayagi d ayen saramen akk Leqbayel.

Aɣbel n lḥirfa n ccɣel n ufus

Ma yella d tidet belli Tamurt n Leqbayel mačči d tin

yesεan ssenεa taεesrit, d ayen i d-texlef s lxedmat n lḥirfat

n ufus. Fiḥel ma smektiɣ-d lḥirfat yeεnan nnqec n usɣar

- 64 -

ifazen d wayen yeεnan ageṭṭum n tqecwalin, d ufexxar

izeynen s uberkan ɣef uzeggaɣ. Afexxar senεen di

Tewrirt-Meqqran, nnqec n usɣar n Lǧemεa N Sariǧ, lfeṭṭa

n Tewrirt Mimun d tidak mucaεen.

Meɛna imussnawen n lḥirfat-agi ttmagaren aṭas n

yiɣeblan ɣas ayagi iḥuza akk ixeddamen i ten-yecban,

nitni akter. Ccɣel n lḥirfat yettwaḥesben d llsas n taqafa n

tmurt yettwaxdem s wul, d ayen yettwabeddlen s lxedma

n lluzinat. D ayen iḍerrun aṭas. Wid yeṭṭfen di ccɣel nsen

aqdim akken i d-ǧǧan lejdud, imi wiyaḍ ssufuɣen-d akter.

Ayagi ad t-nernu ɣer wid yettaɣen ɣur-sen snuzun di

Lezzayer ttawin aṭas n lfayda. Di lemtel ttaɣen tasenduqt

30 frank snuzun-tt 80 n frank, d ayen yessawḍen iḥirfiyen

ad d-ssufuɣen aṭas akken ad rebḥen cwiṭ, meɛna ṭṭfen di

ccɣel nsen. Acu yettuɣaḍen, imussnawen-agi ur ttrun ara

ɣef tikerḍa i ttwakren meɛna ɣef ccɣel nsen i wumi yeɣli

wazal.

Yiwen uḥirfaw n nnqec n usɣar n Lǧemεa N Sariǧ

yeccetka-iyi-d ɣef yirfiqen-is ur nezmir ara ad qernen s

lxedma wid yesεan timacinin ssexdamen anda nniḍen.

“Akken ad εiceɣ, i d-yenna yiwen, ilaq lxedma ifesden,

kul mi ad d-naf ssifa tajdidt, wid yesεan timacinin,

zewwiren-aɣ s lxedma”.

Yettuɣaḍ lḥal aṭas imi agerruj am wagi n lxedma n tmurt

la yettruḥu. Mebla ma nenna-d ɣef wiyaḍ i d-ixelqen

lḥirfat n ufus ifeclen aṭas imi ur ssawḍen ara i temεict

- 65 -

iwatan, ayen i d-ixelqen rrezq, la as-yettruḥu i Tmurt n

Leqbayel. Sḥab n lḥirfa i steqsaɣ ṭalaben yiwen n nniḍam

si ddewla ara iḥarben ɣef ccɣel nsen d lfayda uklalen imi

neẓra azal ameqqran n lxedma n ufus yifen tin n tmacinin.

D lḥell-agi i la ttraǧun akken ad d-yerr azal i ccɣel nsen

xeddmen seg wul. L’O.F.A.L.A.C. ddiwan yeεnan

nniḍam-agi yefka-d acu ilaqen yelha i kul ayen ad yenzen

am yiniɣman d wayen nniḍen. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ, ilaq ad

nḥareb ɣef wayen i d-yexleq umdan s ccɣel-is, ad as-neg

azal akken irgazen ad sεun azal d lḥerma n ddunit.

Rriba

Xas mebla ma εeṭṭleɣ, d lwajeb ad d-iniɣ lemḍerra

tameqqrant n rriba. Nenna-t-id nεawed-as-d : rriba d tifidi

n Tmurt n Leqbayel. Afellaḥ aqbayli d netta meskin i

tettaṭṭaf teswiεt. Wid yessexdamen rriba ur sεin ara

ccafuεa, llan si ttejjar, seg yixeddamen n ddewla n

tɣiwanin. Ẓran belli win ad yawḍen ɣur-sen yekker-as lḥif

ameqqran. Nwala di tamaḍt n Tizi-Uzzu ifellaḥen

yessenzen lɣella nsen n uzemmur akken ad d-aɣen irden.

Lɣella ssenzen 30 frank i uqenṭar, ma neẓra belli ilindi

tenza 120 frank. Di kra n yidewwaren n Micli am At yeḥya

matalen, yewweḍ ureṭṭal 50, 75, ar 110 af 100. I Ureṭṭal n

1000 frank ruḥen yiεerqab n 10000 frank. Di El-Flay, rriba

tewweḍ 15 % i waggur. Deg Uqbu yiwen n ufellaḥ yuɣal d

aεeṭṭar, reḍlen-as 3000 frank yessawḍen 10000 frank,

- 66 -

yettwaḥettem ad yessenz akk rrzeq-is. Kra-yagi n lemtul i

d-ddmeɣ mebla ma xtareɣ beyynen-d lḥala tamcumt i d-

texleq rriba di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Yerna i lmend n twaɣit-

agi i d-xelqen asenduq n lemεawna n ureṭṭal. Meɛna

asenduq-agi ur yelhi ara akken iwata. Mačči d ayen ara d-

ḥkuɣ ɣef lewεara n ccɣel akken ad k-id-isaḥ ureṭṭal, ɣas

ma yella telliḍ meḍrureḍ s waṭas. Lemεawna-agi ur

tewwiḍ ara wid ilaqen : terna i wid yesεan, neɣ teskuffet

lfayda n snat n lbankat n Tizi-Uzzu. Qrib amelyun n frank

i yellan di ccɣel-agi. Deg yisem lemεawna ad treḥ ɣer

yifellaḥen, meɛna tadrimt-nni tettezzi i lfayda n lbankat.

Ur tessdeɣ ara awal ɣef ccɣel-agi ma ilaq

ad d-uɣaleɣ ɣur-s.

Meɛna ilaq ad neḥsu belli neddawar mebla lmeεna.

Ifellaḥen s lemεawna nsen n udrim xelqen asenduq n

ureṭṭal i gemnen ad ten-iεiwen akken ad menεen i rriba.

Meɛna asenduq-agi ur yettεawan ara areṭṭal amecṭuḥ

yeḥwaǧ ufellaḥ. D ayen yessawḍen afellaḥ ad d-yerḍel si

lbanka neɣ ad d-inadi bu-rriba. Lfayda tezga teddawar ar

lbanka d bu-rriba.

D ayen idumen acḥal yiseggasen di Tmurt n Leqbayel, lḥif

irennu i lḥif.

Kfiɣ ass-agi ayen bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ ɣef lḥif n ddunit walaɣ s

wallen-iw, yeqqim-iyi-d kan ad d-fkeɣ lεeqleyya-w akken

- 67 -

ad tbeddel teswiεt s lxir i uqdud n Leqbayel. Am wayagi

akk i d-nniɣ awal-iw ur yesεi ara kra n leḥsab neɣ lɣecc.

Deg wayen ara d-yeddun di tira inu ad d-beyyneɣ belli

mačči d lḥif n Tmurt n Leqbayel iyi-iεeǧben ad d-ḥkuɣ ɣas

ma yella ḥusseɣ-as aṭas. Bɣiɣ kan ayagi i d-ḥekkuɣ ad as-

ḥessen medden akken ad ten-iɣiḍ lḥal. Ilaq ad t-nesεu di

lbal neɣ ad necfu fell-as. Lfayda n wayagi d imdanen ala

yettmettaten si ccer, d warrac ihanen. Ayen ihemmen d

izulixen d tjernaḍin n lḥif, d allen iqemcen si lehlak, d

tlawin ixussen alawi. S-nnig leḥsabat yellan, ilaq ad nwali

acu iḍerrun n lḥif di Tmurt n Leqbayel. D tidet-agi ara aɣ-

izedɣen akken ad nwali azekka s tmuɣli yelhan.

- 68 -

Alger Républicain

13 juin 1939

Tudert tasertit i nettraǧu di tɣiwanin

“Mi ad yili leḥkem n ugdud ad yekkes win n lqeyyad”

Bɣiɣ ad beyyneɣ si tura, mebla ma leεbeɣ-tt d adamsiw

mucaεen, ɣef wakken ttwaliɣ n sswab, ayen i d-iteddun di

tsertit tadamsa d ayen yeεnan agdud s umata ad nmenni i

Tmurt n Leqbayel. Aṭas i d-nniɣ ɣef lḥif n tmurt-a. Meɛna

ilaq ad nεeddi akkin i usmiṭṭew, ad d-naf acu ilaqen d

ccfa.

Ad d-iniɣ dagi lεeqleyya-w acu ttmenniɣ seg wakken

meḍruret lḥala ilaq-aneɣ ad nɣiwel aṭas s lεejlan, ad

nettixer i tmesxir. D ayen iyi-issawḍen deg wayen ad d-

iniɣ ad d-yawi ccfa yekka-d seg wayen iεeddan,

yettwajerrben neɣ ḥedrut-id di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ur

tesεiḍ d acu i d-yennulfan. D ayen i d- yesmekta yiwen n

umussnaw, di tsertit ulac win ad yawin cciεa weḥd-s. d

rreẓq n ugdud s lekmal-is n lxawa ara nnadi dagi, d ayen i

aɣ-iceɣben ara d-nqeddem.

- 69 -

Lmerkez n Umalus

Ma yella win izemren ad yexdem lxir i Uqbayli d Aqbayli

s yiman-is tlata af rebεa n Tmurt n leqbayel ttεicin s

nniḍam n tɣiwant tazewǧit d lqeyyad. Ur tettεawad ara

tmuɣli inu ɣef wayagi, d ayen ibeεden aṭas ɣef tigduda.

Nenna-d kullec ɣef teεdiyyat n nniḍam-agi. Meɛna tura

yella wamek i Leqbayel akken ad asen-d slen di tɣiwant

ɣef ccɣel i ten-yeεnan n lekwaɣeḍ.

S lqanun n 27 yebrir 1937, yiwen n urgaz n ddewla yesεan

lxir yeḍleb ad d-slen kra n yidewwaren n tɣiwanin ara

ṭṭfen warraw n tmurt s-ddaw n lqeyyada n uxeddam n

ddewla. Lemtel-agi yeḍra-d s waṭas di tmura n Waεraben

d Leqbayel. Ma yella d ayen ara d-yawin nnfeε, ayɣer ara

nebṭel ayagi. Yella lemtel yelhan aṭas i uselmed bɣiɣ ad t-

id-iniɣ. Si yennayer 1938, adewwar n Umalus i d-yezgan

tama n Fort-National, iteddu s leḥkem n udewwar-

tɣiwant s-ddaw lqeyyada n Mass Ḥeǧres. S leqdic ines

imeεnen d lefhama ines walaɣ amek iteddu udewwar,

jemεeɣ-d nnasayeḥ ɣef wayen yettwaxedmen. Adewwar n

Umalus yesεa 18 n tudrin d 1200 n lerwaḥ. Di tlemmast n

udewwar tella tɣiwant d kra n lbiruwat iqeddcen ɣef rrif.

Taɣiwant-agi texdem am tiyeḍ acu i tesεa n zzyada yerna

yelha, tessenqes tikli n waṭas d uεetteb i lɣaci. Di mayu

1938, taɣiwant-agi tessufeɣ-d azal n 517 n lekwaɣeḍ

ḥwaǧen medden. Deg useggas-nni tεiwen azal n 515 n

Leqbayel akken ad inigen.

- 70 -

S cwiṭ n udrim (200000) frank, taɣiwant-agi taṭuṭaḥt

εemren yimrecḥen Iqbayliyen, yetturecḥen sɣur Leqbayel,

tettεici aseggas d nnefs aya imezdaɣ-is mebla acetki. D

tikkelt tamenzut ideg Leqbayel sεan imrecḥen zemren ad

raqben akked ttemsefhamen.

D ayen yelhan aṭas, yesεan lqima s wazal. Mebla ccek d

ayen i d-ibanen d tejriba yelhan. Ala ayen ad d-yeḍleb d

zzyada ilaqen Mass Ḥeǧres i wumi ara nḥes xaṭer d ayen

ilaqen. Ar tura-agi, di tɣiwanin yettrecciḥen d nitni i

yettextirin aselway nsen. Meɛna lqayed mazal yesεa ddur

deg udewwar s-ddaw n rraqaba n ddewla. Ccɣel neɣ

axeddim n tlata-agi yixeddamen ur tban ara mliḥ i kul

yiwen d ayen ilaq ad d-nefreq s lḥudud.

Daɣen tejriba-agi n udewwar-tɣiwant yesεa kra n yiɣeblan

deg yiwet n lḥemla taneɣmast, ẓran awal-agi adewwar ur

yessaweḍ ara i ddur iwulmen ɣef wayen yeεnan lecɣal n

ddewla, yezmer ad yessemlil tudrin d yimdanen ur neεdil

ara tamuɣli. D ayen ara d-yawin ccwal. Ayagi n lekdeb

ilaq ad t-id-nini s lḥin deg waṭas n tikwal. Meɛna lḥala-agi

tettili-d d tikwal. Xas ma lḥemla taneɣmast tetteddu ad

tefk lfayda n tejriba-agi seg udewwar ar taddart. Xas ma

yella lfayda-agi aṭas i tt-yagin. Seg yiwet n lǧiha ṭṭaqa n

tudrin ur sεint ara ttawilat. Di lemtel llant tudrin ur nesεi

ala taslent neɣ tameɣrust yeεnan rrezq cerken lεama. Si

lǧiha nniḍen, tudrin n Leqbayel aṭas yid-sent, d ayen

- 71 -

yessawḍen ur nezmir ara afettet n tɣiwanin ad yesweεren

araqeb.

Yeqqim-d d sseḥ uεraḍ n unejmuε n tudrin yesεan

lemqarba. Meɛna afraq yekka-d s wayen yeḍran zik di

tɣiwanin timzawǧin (mixtes), d ayen yesweεren aṭas ccɣel

ilaq ad yekkes.

Lemtel n temεict taḥerrit yettwali Uqbayli

Degmi ad d-yeḍḥu ilaq aselqeq i lqanun yellan yakan

mebla ma nbeddel ayen yeεnan ccɣel n ddewla. Dagini ad

d-ddmeɣ lemtel n Mass Ḥeǧres, d ayen yelhan deg

useggem n tsertit, ur sεiɣ acu ara as-rnuɣ mi iyi-t-id-

yessefhem : d tasertit yesfan. D ayen iteddun s tidet ar

lebni n tdimuqraṭit ikemlen deg udewwar-tɣiwant ara

iferqen s leεdel. Akken ad yekkes tamuɣli n uḥwas, Mass

Ḥeǧres yeqbel ad d-yefḍeḥ akk ayen ilaqen yesfa n ccɣel.

D ayen ɣef wacu aselway yeḍleb si lǧiha-s akken tifranin

ur ttwaxdament ara s unejmuε meɛna kul taddart ad t-

tesbedd wid tebɣa. Irgazen-agi ad d-nnejmaεen imir deg

ugraw aɣelnaw ara yextiren aselway ines. Akken ad

yekkes usizzel n win ad yezwiren di tudrin. Imir-n kul

taddart ad tesεu imqeddem i kul 800 lerwaḥ. D ayen ara

yekksen ccwal gar yimdanen di tudrin. D ayen s wacu

tajmaεt n At Umalu di lemtel, ad tesεu εecrin

yimqeddmen mačči seṭṭac. Daɣen Mass Ḥeǧres yeḍleb

- 72 -

akken idewwaren n tɣiwant tazewǧit (mixte) n At Yiraten

(Fort-National) ad uɣalen d tiɣiwanin yerna ad sεun

yiwen n usenduq n tedrimt ara yettwafken s lεedlan ɣef

wakken llan yimezdaɣ di lmeḥwiǧat nsen. D ayen ara

yessiwḍen ad d-tettwaxleq di tlemmast n Tmurt n

Leqbayel yiwet n ddewla tafidiralit ara iteddun s lqanun

aεlayan n ddimuqraṭiyya. Lmeεqul-agi iferzen d ayen i

ufiɣ mi ḥesseɣ i uselway n At Umalu i ilaqen d lemtel i

yidimuqraṭiyen s umata. Tagi d lεeqliyya-w i d-fkiɣ,

yeqqim-d i ddewla ma tḥess-as.

Tilelli n Lecɣal n lbiruwat di Tmurt n Leqbayel

“Melmi tugdudt ad tuɣal deg umkan n leḥkem n lqeyyad”

Ma yella ttejriba n At Umalu tenǧeḥ d ayen yelhan i wiyaḍ

anda nniḍen. Aṭas n yidewwaren la yettraǧun ad uɣalen d

tiɣiwanin. Llan deg umḍiq n Micli di lemtel ara yesεun

ttawil axir n At Umalu. Yesεa leswaq i d-yettawin lfayda s

waṭas. Ma yella ddewla tebɣa ad tenǧeḥ ttejriba-agi d

idewwaren akk yecban At Mangellet, At Wasif ad terr d

tiɣiwanin. Xas ma yella ɣef waya taɣiwant tamzewweǧt

(mixte) tettagi xaṭer lfayda n leswaq ad as-ruḥen, ayen

yettawḍen ɣer 150 alef n frank i useggas ma neẓra belli d

idewwaren-agi i yesεan lfayda. Alama nufa-d belli d

- 73 -

idewwaren-agi i yesεan lfayda s waṭas d ayen ara

yessiwḍen tukksa n tɣiwant tazewǧit (mixte) mebla ugur.

Ur ilaq ara daɣen ad nwexxer zdat ubeddel n yidewwaren

nniḍen am Yiwaḍiyen yuɣalen d taɣiwant igeccṭen ɣer

leqdic. Talemmast n Yiwaḍiyen tesεa yakan akter n 100

yimreccḥen irumiyen. Ssuq-is yettawi-d azal n 70 alf n

frank i useggas, leɣrama azal n 100 alef, ayagi d ttejriba

yelhan, ilaq ad tt-nexdem akken ad asen-nefk afud i

yimdanen irumiyen yesεan lasel d leqbayel ad qedcen ɣef

lεamma.

Гef wayen i d-iteddun

Ayagi i d-nenna d ayen yesεan azal, ad yeldi tawwurt n

lxir i lecɣal di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Tikli-agi ɣer zdat ilaq ad

tt-nebɣu s wass-agi seg wul. D ayen ara yessalin ccan n

tmurt-agi yerwan lḥif. Aṭas n lɣelṭat i nexdem deg ubrid-

agi akken ass-a ad nfares ttejriba-agi nwala tesεa lfayda

ara isefḍen tuccḍa iεeddan. Ur ẓriɣ ara akellex iɣelben, di

lmital, win n tukci n wazal mucaεen i kra n yimdanen mi

ara ǧǧen agdud mebla lḥuquq n tsertit. Meɛna ɣef wayen

yeεnan Tamurt n Leqbayel, ayagi yesseḍsay. Xaṭer lḥala-

agi d nekkni i tt-yessawḍen akka imi nḥettem lluɣa taεrabt

i Tmurt n Leqbayel s ufus n lqeyyad. I wumi tuzzma ɣef

wayen nexdem s ufus nneɣ, imi d nekkni i iḥettmen ayagi.

Umneɣ belli Tamurt n Leqbayel tezmer i tmeddurt

- 74 -

taḥerrit ad yeddun s ḍḍamir nsen, ayagi sεiɣ fell-as lbayan

mi d-uɣaleɣ yiwet n tsebḥit seg Wat Umalu, mi lliɣ

ttmeslayeɣ akked Mass Ḥaǧres. Newweḍ almi d yiwen n

umkan seg ideg nettwali acḥal meqqer udewwar ur

qqeḍḍεent wallen. Arfiq-iw isemma-iyi-d akk tudrin,

yessefhem-iyi-d tameddurt nsen, uma ttemεawanent

akken tebɣa taddart, amek tettwaḥettem tcemlit n

leǧanazat yesεedlen igellilen d umerkanti, amek ssawḍen

ad εezlen wid i d-yewwin sseyya mmeqqren aṭas d ayen i

weεren mliḥ i wumi ur yezmir ḥedd. Zdat twennaḍt-agi

icebḥen aṭas s tafat, s-nnig ttjur i d-yettbanen am usigna d

wakal yettfurun s yiṭij, fehmeɣ ayen icerken imdanen d

wayen i ten-icudden ɣer wakal nsen. Fehmeɣ daɣen amek

steqniεen s cwiṭ akken ad εicen. Amek ur fehhmeɣ ara

leḥrara n uneḍḍem n tmeddurt nsen, d ffad nsen akken ad

ilin d ayen illan si zik : d irgazen uɣur ad naf ɣas ad tt-id-

nini mebla leḥya llakul ideg ad naf lḥeqq d tirrugza.

- 75 -

Alger Républicain

14 Juin 1939

Akken ad tεic, Tamurt n Leqbayel teṭṭalab :

1- Tijernaḍin yettqadaren amdan d uxeddim i lεamma.

2- Tukci n wazal i lɣella n tfellaḥt.

3- Zzyada nniḍen : sshala ar yinig, lemεawna n

tmezduɣt, awenneε d useggem n tmurt di kul tamaḍt.

Di Tmurt n Leqbayel yeṭṭuqqet lqum, txuss nneεma.

Tetten kter n wayen i d-ttawin n lɣella. Axeddim ines ur

yettwaxellas ara s wazal-is, d ayen yessawḍen ad d-tawi

tmurt s waṭas ayen ara tečč si berra : Mačči di lfayda ines.

Iminigen ines ass-agi ur zmiren ara ad d-rren azal i lexsar

n lmizan n tmurt.

Ma yella nebɣa ad d-nerr i Tmurt n Leqbayel lmektub

iwenεen, ad nekkes lleẓ i yimdanen-is, ad nexdem lwajeb

nneɣ i ugdud, ilaq ad nbeddel akk lecɣal yeεnan tadamsa

n Tmurt n Leqbayel.

Sswab ilaq ad aɣ-yini ɣas ma yella Tamurt n Leqbayel d

tin itetten, ilaq ad neg azal i lqedra n temεict d lxedma

akken agdud ad yaf iman-is, ad d-yawi ayen ad yečč s

- 76 -

lxedma-s, ayagi seg yiwet n lǧiha, si lǧiha nniḍen ad d-

yenqes waggay n tgella si berra n tmurt.

D sin-agi n wudmawen ad d-yerren azal i tmurt. Гef

wayen yeεnan lǧehd n tsertit. Meɛna sin-agi n wudmawen

ur ilaq ara ad ferqen. Ur nezmir ara ad nfekker i ubeddel n

wudem n Tmurt n Leqbayel s wayen yelhan mebla ma

nefka azal i uxeddim d wayen i d-yettawi d lɣella. Mačči d

lεamma n yimdanen kan i neεfes s tjernaḍin n setta frank,

meɛna daɣen tameẓla (logique). Ssumat-agi rxisen n lɣella

n Tmurt n Leqbayel mačči d lḥeqq kan i necrem, meɛna d

aɣen d inumak yelhan s umata.

Ad εiwdeɣ dagi kra n yimeslayen s wazal nsen i d-nniɣ

yakan di tsestant inu. Tajernaḍt di Tmurt n Leqbayel i tt-

yewwten ɣer lqaε d lqella n uxeddim d tlelli yesεan

imεellmen. Tagnit ad tbeddel akken iwulem ɣef tjernaḍim

mi ara yili uxeddim, tekkes tazzla s amyezwer di ssuq n

uxeddim d usemqed n leswam.

Si leεḍil yettili uqeddac n usemqed di Tmurt n Leqbayel,

ddewla ilaq ad d-tger iman-is s tukci n uxeddim s waṭas i

lɣaci. Asemqed ad d-yas weḥd-s imir-n. Lexsas n uxeddim

yezmer ad yekkes ɣef tlata n yiberdan : s tsertit n uxeddim

ameqqran, asgureg (généralisation) n uselmed n lḥirfat,

aneḍḍem n yinig.

- 77 -

Tasertit n uxeddim ameqqran d ayen ẓriɣ, teεmer akk

ahilen n ukellex. Meɛna kra n wayen ad yebnun ɣef

ukellex ur yettwaxdam ara. D agi ayagi d nnmara.

Ad tεewwleḍ i lecɣal imeqqranen di tmurt ur neḥwaǧ ara

yagi d aḍeyyeε n udrim. Ma ilaq-iyi ad d-smektiɣ belli

Tamurt n Leqbayel teḥwaǧ aṭas aman d yiberdan. D ayen

s wacu tasertit n uxeddim ameqqran ad tenfeε lεamma s

tjerniḍin imeεnen, axeddim i lɣaci d lfayda ad aɣ-iḥazen

merra.

Tasertit-agi tebda yakan. Anda twenneε mliḥ d taɣiwant n

Port-Guidon d udewwar n At Yanni, dinna nwala lfayda

tban-d. Sbeεṭac n tliwa di tmezwarut d waṭas n yiberdan.

Ma d wis sin yuɣal d adewwar ifazen s waṭas n lɣella n

Tmurt n LMeqbayel, ixeddamen-is ttaɣen 22 frank i wass.

Yettuɣaḍ kan lḥal imi ttejruba-agi yesεan lfayda s waṭas

ur tennul ara imḍiqen nniḍen. Adrim yettwaferqen d

tibzizin iban-d yettwaḍeyyeε. Imawlan teεna temsalt n

udrim ḥaren ansi ara d-awin. Tamsalt tekka-d amek ara

nessexdem tadrimt yellan uqbel ad nnadi tayeḍ.

Qrib n 600 n yimelyunen ttwaḍeggren ɣef Tmurt n

Leqbayel. Aql-aɣ di εecreyyam aya ala ttnadiɣ ad d-

sfehmeɣ tawaɣit yeḍran. Acu ilaqen dagi d ccɣel yebnan

ɣef lefhama d wayen ara yettwatebεen s lqaεida. Ur

neḥwaǧ ara tasertit yesganen d ssadaqa ur nesεi ara

- 78 -

lmeεna. Tamurt n Leqbayel tebɣa tasertit n ssfa ara d-

yawin lfayda i lεamma. Ilaq ad nwali s temɣer, ad nettixer

i ufezzez d ukellex, d adrim yewwi waḍu; ad nerr lqima i

Uqbayli s lxedma-s ad iεic di lḥerma, afellaḥ ad yaf lḥeqq-

is, lxedma-s ad tesεu azal d tjerniḍt yelhan.

Imi di tmura n Uruba nufa azal n 400 imelyaren

yettwaḍeyyεen ass-agi. Amek armi ur nufi ara tis meyya

deg way-agi i yimdanen nebɣa ad ilin d Irumiyen -

Werεad wwiḍen- i wumi neṭṭalab lmuḥal i wumi ur

zmiren Yirumiyen.

Tamaḍt nniḍen tijernaḍin xussent xaṭer ixeddamen n

Leqbayel ur sεin ara lḥirfa akken ad ten-iḥami lqanun.

Dagi yakan ilaq i uḥric n ttrebga n lḥirfat d wayen yeεnan

tafellaḥt ad sseɣren. Deg umedya iɣerbazen-agi llan di

Micli, di Fort-National. Di Micli sɣaren lxedma n wuzzal,

nnjer, lebni, ffɣen-d yixeddamen yelhan kra deg-sen

xeddmen di Micli, meɛna ayagi drus aṭas. Yella daɣen

uɣerbaz n tfellaḥt yeεnan ttjur, am win yellan deg

Umecras. Teffɣen-d 30 yinelmaden kul sin yiseggasen.

Tagi teqqim d ajerreb mačči d tamendawt (institution).

Tura yeqqim-d usmatu n ujerreb-agi iwennεen s waṭas n

lfayda akken kul tamaḍt ad tesεu aɣerbaz-is, akken ad

nesselmed i ugdud yesεan aṭas n ufus i lḥirfat xfifen s

waṭas i uḥfaḍ d ayen ẓran akk medden.

- 79 -

Yeqqim-d wugur yeεnan Tamurt n Leqbayel : I wumi ad

d- ffɣen yixeddamen at lḥirfat ma yella ulac axeddim.

Xaṭer axeddim a-t-an agemmaḍ i lebḥer. D ayen ara d-

yuɣalen ɣer tsertit n yinig ilaq ad nεiwen ɣef wayagi, ilaq

ad nessifses ccɣel n rrwaḥ n yiminigen. Yella daɣen ttawil

akken ad sḥefḍen Leqbayel ayen ssnen wiyaḍ n leǧnas di

tfellaḥt. ur d-qqareɣ ara dagi ayen i d-yeḍleb useɣlaf n

tmurt n Nnjir i wumi ara nceyyeε ifellaḥen n Leqbayel

akken ad mmten di lfetna. Meɛna amayli ma yebɣa

yezmer ad yefreq azal n 200 alef yiqeṭṭaren di tmurt n

Lezzayer.

Ajerreb d ayen yeḍran daɣen yeḍran di lḥewc n Bumehni

di Buɣni, ula deg unẓul n Fransa ruḥen seg-s lɣaci almi d-

wwin d luluf n Yiṭelyanen ad tt-εemren. Tuɣal Fransa

tettwasteεmer.

Ass-agi ruḥen syinna Yiṭelyanen acu yeǧǧan Leqbayel ur

tt-ttaṭṭafen ara am wakken nnsen. Qqaren-aɣ-d belli

Aqbayli yettwacedd ɣer wakal-is n yidurar, i waya ad d-

iniɣ belli llan 50 alf Yiqbayliyen di Fransa isebren ɣef

tmurt nsen. D ayen ɣef wacu ara iyi-d-yerr ufellaḥ aqbayli:

“tettuḍ belli ur nesεi ara d acu ara nečč, ur nesεi ara

lxetyar nniḍen”.

Ad aɣ-d-inin : “ Leqbayel-agi iruḥen ad d-uɣalen ar tmurt

nsen meɛna ad ǧǧen akal nsen”. Meɛna Aqbayli iminig

- 80 -

ɣas yeǧǧa akal-is ad t-yessenz i win meẓẓiyen si lǧil ɣer

wayeḍ.

Rray-agi i d-fkiɣ ad d-yerr azal i uxeddim n Uqbayli

akken yebɣu yili. Ad d-εiwdeɣ s wazal-is tadrimt yeṭṭsen

tura tezmer ad d-tek s lmendad i ccɣel amenzu. D ayen ad

yefken azal i tqeṭṭiṭ ma tseggem. Meɛna tasertit-agi ad

tesεu azal assmi ara fken azal i ufares n yimdanen s

umata.

Ad nefk azal i ufares

Dagi deɣen d sswab i tsertit n lebni. Lɣella n tfellaḥt n

Leqbayel d lfakiyya, irden d lqella. D aya i d-yefka wakal

ilaq ad t-nexdem seg wul.

Tlata n leḥwayeǧ i yellan zemrent ad d-awint lfayda i

lɣella : tamezwarut ad t-nessefti s waṭas, tis snat ad t-nfaz

akter, tis tlata ad nesserked ssuma n lbiε. Snat-agi n

tneggura ḍḥant-d d yiwet. Di tlata zemrent ad

ttwaxedment di Tmurt n Leqbayel.

Гef wayen yeεnan axerreq n lfakya ilaq ad nwali ayen

yeffɣen mliḥ d azemmur d lexrif, ad as-nernu lizriz d

uxerrub. D ayen i d-yewwi di lemtel n tɣiwant n Port-

Guidon.

- 81 -

Aseggas n 1938 taɣiwant teẓẓa azal n walef n nnqel n ttjur.

Aseggas-agi tεewwel i wuẓu n 10 ar 15 alef n nnqul. Ayagi

mebla amesruf ameqqran. Asenduq n lemεawna yeḍmen

tadrimt n nnqel. Lɣers yettwafreq mebla cceḥḥa i

yifellaḥen, yerna nnqel-agi d ayen yettwajerrben iwenneε

deg wakal n tɣiwant. Am ttjur n lexrif i wumi ilaq xemsa

yiseggasen akken ad εellment, ulac fell-asent lexlas siwa

nnfeε n udrim n ureṭṭal yewwḍen 4%. Mi yewweḍ xemsa

snin ad d-yebdu lɣella, di xemsa snin nniḍen afellaḥ

yezmer ad yenfez (amortir) rras lmal ines.

Akken ad nẓer lfayda n ccɣel-agi, ilaq ad nẓer belli ma

yella xemsa kan n nnqul i yuɣen i xmesṭac, afellaḥ a-t-an

di lfayda. Anǧaḥ-agi ad d-yesqam baṭel i ddewla, ur tesεiḍ

acu ara d-tiniḍ. Ttejriba-agi ilaq ad tt-nessefti i mkul

amḍiq imi lfayda tban.

Ma d ayen yeεnan aselhu n lɣella yellan yakan d ugerrez n

ssuma i lbiε, ccɣel meqqer aṭas. Ad d-iniɣ dagi kra kan n

lfekrat s wazal nsent : awenneε n tazert deg uḥensawat

(ateliers) i usikew, d uxlaq n timmerɣa (coopérative) n zzit

n uzemmur. Neẓra belli leqdic n lɣella n zzit n uzemmur

ixus aṭas akken ad yesεu azal meqqren n lfayda : am ufras

n tzemrin, d aceṭṭeb, ama d nnqul i d-gezmen diri-ten,

ama d iferrugen n yiniɣman yettwaḍeyyεen : fesren ɣef

lesquf, s-ddaw n ttjur n uxerrub, ččuren d tizit, rekkun.

- 82 -

Гef wayegi aṭas n lḥirfat ara ḥefḍen yifellaḥen deg

ḥensawat n tɣiwanin. Tid ifazen zgant-d deg Yiεeẓẓugen,

Sidi Σic. Deg Yiεeẓẓugen lfayda tefti azal n 120 % aseggas

amenzu, 80 % wis sin. Di Sidi Σic, tazert tenza 260 frank i

uqenṭar. Ssuma tawesḍit di tḥensawt n tɣiwant ma yella

berra ssuma teqqim 190 frank. Ma d ayen yeεnan wid

yettekkin d wayen yenzan s lekmal bḍan : 120 yifellaḥen d

180 alef frank n lɣella n tazert. Uɣalen lɣaci s ṭṭaqa cerken

ɣef ccɣel-agi ajdid. Гef wayagi εewwlen ad xedmen

tanmureɣt n yifellaḥen di Tamda ara sselḥun i yiman

nsen. D ayen yelhan i yimteddu n Tmurt n Leqbayel.

Гef wayen yeεnan timteddutin n ccɣel n uzemmur d zzit

llan aṭas n wuguren. Kra n yixeddamen n ddewla feclen

zdat n lkulun n uzaɣar yebɣan ad aɣen azemmur s rrxa

wala zzit s leɣla. Si tama nniḍen, isemseren ad asen-iruḥ

aṭas di lfayda nsen. Meɛna Aqbayli yeḥwaǧ tadrimt n

berru. D ayen yeṭṭef ɣer ubusari yettaɣen fell-as. Meɛna

ugur-agi n timteddutin yezmer ad yekkes ma yella ncudd

lexlas s berru ɣer yiwet n tmteddutin n tedrimt ara yilin

tqeddec i lfayda n tmerɣit. Teqqim-d lεeqleyya n Uqbayli

ma yella mazal-it yebɣa ad isewweq d ubusari. Meɛna tagi

d ssebba i uxneq n lemεawna-agi i d-nenna.

Lexsara imi afellaḥ aqbayli s ccɣel-is ixussen i uzemmur

yettawi-d kan yiwet n lɣella i εamayen. D ayen i wumi

ilaq aṭas n ufus itferrsen ad d-iwelleh ifellaḥen di ccɣel

nsen. Ayagi ad d-yawi lfayda s waṭas mebla ccek ula di

- 83 -

tɣara am wid iqeddcen di zzit di Uruba i d-yesseɣlin

teqseḥ n zzit ar 1,5° neɣ 2° yerna diri-tt lbenna ines.

Lqis anemmadu

Tasertit-agi s lekmal-is akken ad tenǧeḥ ilaq-as ad yemqet.

Гef wayen yeεnan lebni n yixxamen ilaq ad netbeε lemtel

yellan di lqanun n Loucheur. Wid ara yestenfεen s lebni

ilaq-asen wakal (imi Leqbayel akk d ayen i sεan) neɣ ad d-

fken ddraε nsen i ccɣel, yerna ad d-awin ssleε. Yerna ilaq

ad nεiwen i tmuɣli ɣef wayen yeεnan afraq n lemεawna n

tɣiwant n Yirumiyen d Leqbayel akken ad yeddu s lḥeqq.

Akken ad d-teḍḥu tsertit ad yefken udem aḥeqqi i Tmurt

n Leqbayel. Akken lḥif aberkan yeẓḍan tamurt ad ifak s

lferḥ. Ẓriɣ i wayagi akk ilaq ureṭṭal n udrim. Meɛna ad tt-

id-εiwdeɣ ad nserref mliḥ adrim yellan yakan xaṭer yif

rray adrim. Ulac ayen iwennεen mebla lkuraǧ d rray

yelhan akken ad tenǧeḥ tsertit-agi ilaq ad neddu yid-s, ur

as-nettkellix ara. Selleɣ mi d-qqaren : “ulac ssebbat imi d

imhurras ara ixellsen”. Wagi d lḥeqq, ur nettraǧu ara

ccɣel-agi seg yimhurras imi neẓra ur tebɣin ara. Ma

nenna-as d Fransa ara ixedmen lmeǧhud-agi nesεa lḥeqq

ɣef sin yiberdan, xaṭer din ara d-iban belli yella lferq n

nniḍam gar Lezzayer d Fransa, d ayen ara iḍurren tamurt

nneɣ. Asmi lfaydat ad d-dduklent ass-nni nezmer ad d-

nini belli ula d ulawen d lerwaḥ ur ttεeṭṭilen ara ad mlilen.

- 84 -

Alger Républicain

15 Juin 1939

Lxatima

Ad kfuɣ dagi ccɣel-iw yeεnan abḥat i bɣiɣ ad d-yawi

nnfeε i ugdud n Tmurt n Leqbayel, i wumi d-teffeɣ

ssebba-s weḥd-s. Ur sεiɣ acemma ara d-rnuɣ ɣef wayen ad

d-iniɣ yeεnan lḥif n Tmurt n Leqbayel, ssebbat ines d

ddwa ilaqen i lhem-is. Bɣiɣ ad ḥebseɣ da, ur d-rnnuɣ ara

imeslayen zzyada i tmeḍrurt ur neḥwaǧ ara awal. Meɛna

am wakkan ur ilaq ara ad yili lḥif yecban wagi i aɣ-

yessawḍen ad d-nemmeslay fell-as d akken abḥat-agi

xedmeɣ ur yessaweε ara ar lmerɣub-is ma ur tesfiḍ ara

kra n wuguren isehlen.

Ur ttzeyyideɣ ara deg wawal-iw. Ad d-yeḍḥu ass-agi ad

d-baneɣ d yir Arumi ma yella beyyneɣ-d lḥif n yiwet n

tmurt n urumi. Bɣiɣ ad ẓreɣ ass-agi acḥal yewεer akken

ad tiliḍ d Arumi yelhan. Aṭas n yimdanen ass-agi la

yettzuxxun wwḍen ɣer wayagi deg-sen aṭas n wid ixussen

neɣ yesseḥsaben, ḥader ad neɣleḍ. Meɛna ilaq-aneɣ an

nẓer d cau i d argaz aḥeqqi. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ, tamurt n

Fransa ara tt-icebbḥen ala lefεayel n lḥeqq.

- 85 -

Qqaren-aɣ-id : “ Ḥadret ayagi ad t-yeddem uberran”.

Meɛna widak ara yeddmen ayagi, banen-d yakan zdat

lumma kamel ɣef lqerḥ nsen d lɣecc. Ma nebɣa Fransa ur

tettekki ara yid-sen, awal nneɣ i d-nnenna s tnenni yeɣleb

lemdafeε akken ara iḥareb ɣef lḥeqq d usfaḍ n lbaṭel.

Ayagi kul yiwen ad d-yawi ayen i wumi yezmer n lxir.

Гef wayen iyi-yeεnan, ddur inu mačči d aqelleb n wid ara

sḍelmeɣ. Mačči d ayen ḥemmleɣ. Xas ma yella bɣiɣ ayagi

aṭas n leḥwayeǧ ad iyi-d-yeṭṭfen. Ẓriɣ s waṭas deg yiwet n

lǧiha acu n lḥif i d-tewwi taɣent (crise) n tdamsa i Tmurt n

Leqbayel akken ad sḍelmeɣ wiyaḍ. Meɛna ẓriɣ daɣen

acḥal yellan n yiεekkuren i rray ad d-yawin lfayda i tmurt,

ugur i d-yusan tikwal si tqacuct. Ẓriɣ d aɣen amek rray

yelhan sseεwajen-t di lxedma ines deg unnar.

Acu εerḍeɣ ad d-iniɣ ma yella neẓra ad nexdem lḥaǧa i

Tmurt n Leqbayel neɣ nexdem lḥaǧa s yiman-is, ayagi

yeqqim mecṭuḥ maḍi, d abziz, ugur yeqqim akken yella d

afeḥli. Ayagi uriɣ mačči i wabeεḍ n leḥzab, uriɣ-t i

yimdanen. Ma yella bɣiɣ ad as-fkeɣ i lbeḥt-agi inu lmeεna

ilaqen, ad fehmen medden, ur εriḍeɣ ara ad d-iniɣ : “Walit

acu txedmem di Tmurt n Leqbayel”, meɛna : “ Walit acu i

txussem i Tmurt n Leqbayel” (acu ilaq ad t-txedmem ur t-

texdimem ara).

Zdat n ssadaqat d ttejribat tiṭuṭaḥ, d awal n ukellex, ilaq

ad nerr llaẓ d waluḍ, iḥizen d qeṭṭeε n layas, imir-n ad

- 86 -

nẓer ma yella imezwura-nni ad qqimen. Ma yella s lqedra

tuεǧibt 600 n députés n Fransa zemren ad εeddin deg

ubrid-agi uḍyiq ideg d-εeddaɣ, d ayen ad yefken azal

meqqren i sebba n leqbayel akken ad telḥu aqeddim

ameqqran ar zdat. Kul tikkelt ideg ugur aserti

yettwabeddel s wugur n umdan d allay ameqqran i

yettwaxedmen. Kul ma yili tasertit zeddigen tettwaxdem s

lemcawra tessenqas lḥif d ayen s wacu Tamurt n Leqbayel

teṭṭef abrid ɣer ddunit, d nekkni, imir-n ara iferḥen s ccɣel

nneɣ s iyes ur nefriḥ ara ass-a.

Ur zmireɣ ara ad qqimeɣ mebla ma uɣaleɣ ɣer tmurt i d-

zureɣ yakan. Tamurt-nni weḥd-s ara d-ifken lxatima i

ccɣel-iw. Xaṭer deg wussan-nni iweḥciyen s lḥif walaɣ

dinna di tlemmast n twennaḍt yecban rreḥma, mačči kan

d sswayeε timcumin iyi-yuɣalen, meɛna di kra n

tmeddiyin ideg icebba-iyi Rebbi belli fehmeɣ s leɣmeq

tmurt-agi d ugdud-is.

Am yiḍ-agi ideg zdat n Zzawiyya n Kuku, nella di kra

yid-neɣ nettḥewwis di tmeqbert n yiẓra icellalen,

nettferriǧ iḍ mi d-iɣelli ɣef teɣzut. Di lawan-agi ur nelli d

ass ur yewwiḍ d iḍ, ur ḥulfaɣ ara lemxalfa gar-i d lεibad-

agi yeffren dagi akken ad d-afen cweyya n yiman nsen.

Meɛna lemxalfa-agi d ayen i wumi ḥusseɣ kra n sswayeε

akin, lawan ideg lɣaci ad yaɣ lḥal ččan.

- 87 -

Imir-n i ufiɣ lmeεna-s s lekmal n lbeḥt inu. Xaṭer ma yella

taslakt n listiεmar ad as-d-naf ssmaḥ, ayagi ma yella

εawnen agdud ḥekmen ad d-yejmeε tugna ines. Ma yella

nesεa lwajeb di tmurt-a, ad t-neznu i lεamma yesεan

tafenṭazit d lḥanna ur nufi ara anda nniḍen di ddunit

akken agdud ad yeqqim akken yella s lḥerma-s zdat

lmektub-is.

Lmektub n ugdud-agi ur ɣellaḍeɣ ara ma nniɣ-t-id, a-t-an

d axeddim d ttwaḥid, yerna ad d-yefk tamsirt n lεeqqal i

yimeslaken (concquérents) iweḥcen i aɣ-yecban. Ad nissin

ad neḍleb ssmaḥ ɣef tawla n leḥkem i aɣ-izedɣen. Ayagi

yettabaε yir lεibad; ad nerfed ttaεd d wayen yeḥwaǧ

ugdud-agi i aɣ-yifen lekyasa akken ad t-nerr s lekmal-is

ɣer leɣmiq n lḥerma-s.

- 88 -

Timerna

Asinew n Albert Camus asmi i d-yewwi arraz n Nobel di tsekla,

i d-yenna ass n ttlata 10 décembre 1957, deg usensu n temdint n

Stockholm zdat n twacult tageldant (royale) (i d-yehda i ccix-is

aqdim Louis Germain)

Ay at n tgelda, Massa, Mass,

Mi d-ṭṭfeɣ arraz mucaεen seg uɣerbaz ameqqran

mechuren s tlelli ines iyi-igan azal ifazen, akattu inu

yeɣmeq xaṭer imi ktaleɣ acḥal cciεa-agi tεedda akkin i

wayen uklaleɣ s yiman-iw. Kul amdan s-nnig i iεeddan

yekti, kul afennan yettmenni ad yettwassen. D ayen bɣiɣ

ula d nekk. Meɛna ur sεiɣ ara ttawil akken ad ẓreɣ

admiwel nwen mebla ma cebheɣ ṭṭrad ines ar wayen lliɣ s

yiman-iw kan. Amek argaz qrib meẓẓi, yeɣnan siwa s

ccekk-is d ccɣel mazal ur yekfi, iwulfen yettεac deg

yiḥizen n uxeddim neɣ di rraḥa n tidukkla, ur yedhic ara

mi d-yufa iman-is di ddqiqa weḥd-s s-ddaw tafat

yesderɣilen s lǧehd-is ? S wacu ul yezmer ad yeṭṭef

annect-a n leqder di ssaεa ideg deg Uruba, imyura nniḍen

gar widak mucaεen uɣalen ɣer rrif di tsusmi, di lweqt

daɣen ideg tamurt-is anda ilul mazal-itt di twaɣit ur nefri?

- 89 -

Ssneɣ ula d nekk ccwal-agi i izedɣen rruḥ. Akken ad afeɣ

lehna, ilaq-iyi ad qqimeɣ d yiman-iw i lemɣita-agi iyi-d-

yusan.

Imi ur zmireɣ ara ad d-cbuɣ ayagi i d-yusan s wayen

uklaleɣ kan, ur d-ufiɣ ara acemma nniḍen ad iyi-iεawnen

zdat wayen iyi-fkan lqedra s ṭṭul n ddunit-iw di teswiεin n

nnmara : ayen ttxemmimeɣɣef lfen-is d ddur inu n

umyaru. Semḥet-iyi kan s leqder ameqqran n tidukkla ad

awen-d-iniɣ s lḥala meẓẓiyen tikti inu d acu-tt.

Nekk s yiman-iw ur zmireɣ ara ad εiceɣ mebla lfen.

Meɛna ur ssuliɣ ara lfen-agi s-nnig kullec. Ma yella ilaq-

iyi, mačči d ayen i t-iferqen d medden, yettak-iyi tamεict

akken lliɣ gar lɣaci. Lfen ɣef wakken ttwaliɣ mačči d lferḥ

n win ad yilin weḥd-s. Lfen d ttawil i leḥsas n lmeḥna i

waṭas n yimdanen mi ara asen-tefkeḍ ttawil akken ad

walin tugniwin n wayen iḥeznen neɣ yessefraḥen icerken

lεamma. D ayen iḥettmen afennan akken ur as-iferreq ara,

yessawaḍ-it ar yiwet n tidet n wannuz n sumata. Ma d

win yextaren lmektub-is n lfen, imi yeẓra iman-is

yemxallaf, ad yaf s lεejlan belli ur yessefti ara lfen-is, neɣ

lemxalfa-s alama yeqqar belli yettemcabi ɣer wiyaḍ.

Afennan yettwaxdam s tikli mebla leεḍil gar-as d wiyaḍ,

ɣer wayen icebḥen ur yezmir ad yezgel, d tdukkli n wiyaḍ

ur yezmir ad ixalef. Degmi ifennanen n sseḥ ur krihen

acemma, tteεraḍen ad fehmen mačči ad cerεen. Ma ilaq-

asen ad xtiren di ddunit-agi, d ayen yeεnan lεamma akken

- 90 -

yeqqar Nietzsche, mačči d lqaḍi ara iḥekmen meɛna d win

ad d-ixelqen abziz, yili d axeddam neɣ d aggag.

Ddur n umyaru di teswiεt-nni ur ixulef ara lwajbat

iweεren. Гef wakken ad d-nini fell-as tibudat (par

définition), ur yezmir ad yettuḥerreb ass-a sɣur wid

yebɣan ad gen amezruy : a-t-an di tamaḍt n ccɣel n wid

iɣef ittεeddi umezruy, neɣ a-t-an yeqqim weḥd-s mebla

lfen-is. Yakk ignan s yimelyan n lεesker nsen d lejhel nsen

ur zmirent ara ad t-id-kksent seg yiḥizen ines abeεda, ɣas

ma yella yebɣa ad yeddu di later nsen. Meɛna tasusmi n

umeḥbus n leflani yettwaḍeyyεen i wannuz di ṭṭerf n

ddunit d ayen i d-yettekksen amyaru si lɣerba ines kul

tikkelt i as-tefka lɣella n tlelli ines akken ur itettu ara

tasusmi-agi, d ayen i wumi ara yefk ssut-is s ttawil n lfen.

Ulac win yesεan seg-neɣ temɣer iwulmen i wayagi.

Meɛna di teswiεin akk n ddunit-is, akken yebɣu yili ama d

ameḥbus ama s tlelli ines amyaru yezmer ad yaf aḥussu ar

yiman-is i tidukkli tamuddirt ad t-iεeqlen ma yebɣa ayagi,

d tteεb ara yerren mucaεen ccɣel-is : d win n tidet d tlelli.

Imi ccɣel-is d anejmuε n yimdanen s waṭas, d ccɣel ur

izimren ad yawi tteεb n lekdeb d lḥif n leεyub-agi, anda

llan ssawalel i yiḥizen. Akken bɣan ilin leεyub nneɣ, cciεa

n ccɣel nneɣ iressa ɣef snat tiktiwin iweεren, ad tafeḍ deg-

sent : agammi n lekdeb ɣef wayen neẓra, asbu i ḍḍelmat,

asbuḍ i ḍḍelmat.

- 91 -

Tεedda εecrin n ssna aya ɣef umezruy aderwic, i ɣerqeɣ di

nnwaḥ-is am yirgazen akk n lemtel-iw di leεmer, deg

ufriwes n lweqt, d acu yeεεfen deg-i d leḥsas ur nban belli

tira ass-agi d nnif xaṭer d ayen ara iḥettmen fell-ak, ad

iḥettem deɣen mačči kan d tira. Neqqim yettḥettim fell-i

ad εebbiɣ ɣef wakken lliɣ ad εlaḥsab n lǧehd-iw d wid

yettεicin am nekk yiwen n umezruy, ccer d ṭṭmeε

neferreq. Irgazen-agi ilulen mi yebda ṭṭrad n ddunit

amenzu, yesεan εecrin n ssna di lweqt ideg yebda leḥkem

n Hitlir, yebdan izmazen n yigrawliwen yettwaceyyεen

mbeεd akken ad seggmen ttrabga nsen ar ṭṭrad n Sbenyul,

ar ṭṭrad n ddunit wis sin, ar ǧahennama n Uruba d leεdab

d leḥbus, i wumi ilaq ass-agi ad rebbin arraw nsen d ccɣel

nsen deg yiwet n ddunit yeččuren d lxuf n uhuddu

anawawi. Ad d-yeḍḥu, ɣef wakken ttwaliɣ, ulac win

izemren ad asen-yini ad ilin d imesnafuyen (optimistes).

Qebleɣ ad d-iniɣ belli ilaq ad nefhem, ur nḥebbes ara

imenɣi yid-sen, leɣlaḍ n wid, deg ugrireb nsen, ḍelben

lḥeqq di lεar, gguǧen di yir tamaḍt n lweqt-nni. Meɛna

tekka-d deg-neɣ di tmurt-iw akked Uruba, ur qbilen ara

ayagi, uɣalen ttnadin lasel. Ilaq-asen ad afen amek ara

εicen di teswiεt-agi n ṭṭiq akken ad d-lalen tikkelt tis snat,

ad rnun imenɣi s widem iḍehren akked lḥes n lmut

izerεen deg umezruy. Kul tasuta ad d-yeḍḥu tettɣilli ad

tεiwed ddunit. Tasuta inu, nettat, teẓra ur as-tettεawad

ara. Meɛna ayen i tt-yettraǧun meqqer. Ayagi axaṭer ilaq-

as ad iḥader ad thudd ddunit. Tasuta inu tewret amezruy

bu tejεal ideg cerkent tegrawliwin yeqqersen, lḥirfat

- 92 -

yebbehban, irebbiten yemmuten, awengim (idéologie)

yeεyan anda yir lḥekkam zemren ass-a ad hudden kullec

ɣas ma ur ssinen ara ad d-hdun, anda lefhama tesserxes

iman-is armi tuɣal d taqeddact n ccer d lbaṭel, lǧil-agi

yewweḍ s yiman-is ɣef leryaf-is ad d-yessis s lfeεl-is

ixussen cwiṭ i d-yettaken lḥerma i temεict d lmut. Zdat

lxuf yerǧan ddunit s nnger, anda imencaf imeqqranen

zemren ad d-xelqen tagelda n lmut, lǧil-agi yeẓra acu

ilaqen tazzla akken ad d-tuɣal lehna gar leǧnas, lehna ad

yebnun ɣef sseḥ mačči ɣef uqdic (la servitude), anda ad

necrek di lehna lxedma d yidles d uεawed d uεawed d

yimdanen merra yiwet n ssfina n tdukkli. Ayagi mačči d

ayen isehlen, ccɣel yewεer aṭas, meɛna d ayen ibanen di

mkul amḍiq di ddunit, ccɣel-agi yebda tikli s usiwel-is n

tidet n tlelli, anda ma ilaq lmut yessen ad yemmet mebla

lɣecc ɣef wayagi. D lǧil-agi i wumi ilaq wazul ameqqran d

ufud iselḥen anda ma yella, kra n wanda iruḥ d asfel. Гef

lǧil-agi yakan i bɣiɣ, s lɣerḍ nwen ad buddeɣ ccerf-agi iyi-

tuznem.

S wayagi mi d-nniɣ akk n ssnaε n tira, ad d-rreɣ amyaru s

amkan-is iwulmen, ala ayagi i yesεa ad t-yefreq d yirfiqen-

is n yimenɣi, d bu-tgernunt ɣas ur yezmir ara, d amesbaṭli

ɣas iḥemmel lḥeqq, ibennun ccɣel-is mebla leḥya neɣ zzux

ar medden yezga yettwafreq gar uqraḥ d ccbeḥa, yeggul

yakan ar d-yejbed si rruḥ-is yebḍan ɣef sin lexliqat i wumi

yefka rruḥ s rruḥ-is di tikli yettḥuddun amezruy. Seg wagi

akin, anwa i izemren ad yerǧu seg-s tifrat iwejden neɣ

- 93 -

tubda n lεali ? Tidet teččur d lewhayem, trewwel tettnadi

fell-as. Tilelli tewεer, tesεeb i tmeddurt akken teččur d

lbenna. Ilaq-aneɣ ad neddu ɣer sin-agi n yiswan, s leεtab d

tirrugza, ɣas ma neẓra afcal nneɣ deg ubrid-agi iḍulen.

Anwa amyaru izemren imir-n s lɣerḍ-is ad yerr iman-is d

ccix n lḥerma ? Ma d nekk ilaq-iyi ad d-iniɣ tikkelt nniḍen

s zzyada, ur lliɣ ara deg wayagi. Leεmer nekreɣ tafat neɣ

rrezg mi lliɣ d lxelq d tmeddurt n tlelli iyi-d-irebban. Xas

ma yella amerray-agi (nostalgie) yessefhem-d aṭas n

uɣlaḍ-iw d yazalen-iw, tεiwen-iyi mebla ccekk akken ad

fehmeɣ ssneε inu, tεiwen-iyi daɣen akken ad beddeɣ s

lqedd-iw zdat akk yimdanen yessusmen ur nezmir ara di

ddunit i tmeddurt ttεebbin, ala ccfaya n rrezg ibeεden.

Ayagi akk iyes i d-rriɣ iman-iw ar lḥedd-iw, ara rrebg-iw,

ar liman-iw, ɣas ma d ayen iweεren, hulfaɣ i yiman-iw di

tlelli akken ad awen-d-zziɣ di lxatima leqder-agi mucaεen

ur nesεi lḥedd iyi-tefkam, s tlelli meqqren ara t-qebleɣ am

warraz uklalen akk wid yettnaḍaḥen am nekk, ur d-isaḥ

ara warraz yerna ttqabalen lehmum d telmaḍt. Yeqqim-

iyi-d kan akken ad ken-cekkreɣ seg wul-iw, ad ken-εezzeɣ

s yisem-iw akken akk tellam akken ixeddem kul ass

ufennan n sseḥ i yiman-is di tsusmi.

Tiẓrigin n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa

Editions du Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité

-o-O-o-

Collection “Idlisen-nneɣ”

01- Khalfa MAMRI, Abane Ramdane, ar taggara d netta i d bab n timmunent, 2003.

(Tasuqelt : Abdenour HADJ-SAID d Youcef MERAHI)

02- Slimane ZAMOUCHE, Uḍan n tegrest, 2003.

03- Omar DAHMOUNE, Bu tqulhatin, 2003.

04- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Lexique du corps humain, 2003.

05- Hocine ARBAOUI, Idurar ireqmanen (Sophonisbe), 2004.

06- Slimane ZAMOUCHE, Inagan, 2004.

07- S. HACID & K. FERHOUH, Laṣel ittabaɛ laṣel akk d : Tafunast igujilen, 2004.

08- Y. AHMED ZAYED & R. KAHLOUCHE, Lexique des sciences de la terre et lexique animal, 2004.

09- Lhadi BELLA, Lunǧa, 2004.

10- Antoine de St EXUPERY, Le Petit Prince, 2004.

(Tasuqelt : Habib Allah MANSOURI, Ageldun amecṭuḥ)

11- Djamel HAMRI, Agerruj n teqbaylit, 2004.

12- Ramdane OUSLIMANI, Akli ungif, 2004.

13- Habib Allah MANSOURI, Amawal n tmaziɣt tatrart, édition revue et augmentée,

2004.

14- Ali KHELFA, Angal n webrid, 2004.

15- Halima AIT ALI TOUDERT, Ayen i ɣ-d-nnan gar yetran, 2004.

16- Mouloud FERAOUN, Le fils du pauvre, 2004.

(Tasuqelt : Moussa OULD TALEB, Mmi-s n yigellil, Tazwart : Youcef MERAHI)

17- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Recueil des prénoms amazighs, 2004.

18- Nadia BENMOUHOUB, Tamacahut n Basɣar, 2004.

19- Youcef MERAHI, Taqbaylit ass s wass, 2004.

20- Abdelhafid KERROUCHE, Teɣzi n yiles, 2004.

21- Ahmed HAMADOUCHE, Tiɣri n umsedrar, 2004.

22- Slimane BELHARET, Awal ɣef wawal, 2005.

23- Madjid SI MOHAMDI, Afus seg-m, 2005.

24- Abdellah HAMANE, Merwas di lberj n yiṭij - aḥric I, 2005.

25- Collectif, Tibḥirt n yimedyazen, 2005.

26- Mourad ZIMU, Tikli, tullisin nniḍen, 2005.

27- Tayeb DJELLAL, Si tinfusin n umaḍal, 2005.

28- Yahia AIT YAHIATENE, Faḍma n Summer, 2006.

29- Abdellah HAMANE, Merwas di lberj n yiṭij - aḥric II, 2006.

30- Lounes BENREJDAL, Tamacahut n bu yedmim, 2006.

31- Meziane OU MOH, Tamacahut n umeksa, 2006.

32- Abdellah ARKOUB, Nnig wurfan, 2006.

33- Ali MAKOUR, Ḥmed n ugellid, 2006.

34- Y. BOULMA & S. ABDENBI, Am tmeqqunt n tjeǧǧigin, 2006.

35- Ali EL-HADJEN, Tudert d usirem, 2006.

36- Hadjira OUBACHIR, Uzzu n tayri, 2007.

37- Djamel BENAOUF, Di tmurt uɛekki, 2007.

38- Said IAMRACHE, Timenna n Saɛid Iɛemrac, 2007.

39- Mohamed MEDJDOUB, Baba Carlu, 2007.

40- Nadia BENMOUHOUB, Tafunast igujilen, 2007.

41- Ali MOKRANI, Agama s tugniwin, 2007.

42- Fatma ELKOUCHA, Tamedyazt n Yasmin, 2007.

43- Naima HADJOU, Amennuɣ n tudert-iw, 2007.

44- Hocine LAOUES, Gar umqadmu d umnelti, 2007.

45- Omar KHAYAM, Rubaɛiyyat, 2007 (Tasuqelt : Abdellah HAMANE)

46- Ferdinand DUCHENE, Tamilla, 2007(Tasuqelt : Habib Allah MANSOURI)

47- Slimane ZAMOUCHE, Agellil akk d ineffuten yelhan, 2007.

48- Djamel HAMRI, Anadi di tmedyazt, 2007.

49- Khaled FERHOUH, Ḥku-yaɣ-d tamacahut, 2007.

50- Lhadi BELLA, Awal d usefru, 2007.

51- Omar DAHMOUNE, Agu, 2007.

52- SOPHOCLE, Untigun, 2007 (Tasuqelt : Yahia AIT YAHIATENE)

53- Ahmed HAMADOUCHE, Inzan tiqsiḍin, 2007.

54- Ouiza GRAINE, Isefra n tmaziɣt, 2007.

55- Lounès BENREJDAL, Inzan n teqbaylit, 2007.

56- Akli OUTAMAZIRT, Targit, 2008.

57- Mohamed Salah OUNISSI, Tametna n umenzu, 2008.

58- Ramdane ABDENBI, Anagi, 2008.

59- Ramdane LASHEB, Ccna n tlawin ɣef ṭṭrad 54/62, 2008.

60- Said CHEMAKH, Ger zik d tura, 2008.

61- Tiddukla Yusef U Qasi - Si Muḥend U Mḥend, Tafaska n tmedyazt_1, 2008.

62- Sadi DOURMANE, Abrid n tudert-iw, 2008.

63- Dahbia AMOUR, Tudert s tmedyazt, 2009.

64- TANASLIT, Akli n tayri, 2009.

65- Djaffar CHIBANI, Ddeqs-nneɣ, 2009.

66- Belkacem IHIDJATEN, Iṭij asemmaḍ, 2009.

67- Abdellah HAMANE, Tisri n tayri, 2009.

68- Said ABDELLI, Tidwirin, 2009.

69- Said ZANOUN, Bururu yeḥya-d, 2009.

70- U LAMARA, Tullianum, taggara n Yugurten, 2009.

71- Tiddukla Yusef U Qasi - Si Muḥend U Mḥend, Tafaska n tmedyazt_2, 2009.

72- Chabane OULAMARA, Azamul n tmusni, 2010.

73- Mehenna SEHRANE, Awal ɣef yiɣersiwen, 2010. 74- Mohand Ouali KEZZAR, Tibratin, 2010.

75- R. OULHA, M. BOURIDANE, K. HOCINE, Tamellaḥt n Belɛeggal, 2010.

76- Mohamed Zakaria BENRAMDANE, Iɣsan s teqbaylit, 2010.

77- M. DJEGHALI, S. SELLAH, Amawal n yiɣersiwen n yilel, 2010.

78- Abdellah HAMANE, Tawaɣit n tayri, 2011.

79- Rosa CHELLI, Itran, leḥzen, tirga, asirem, 2011.

80- Collectif, Amezgun s tmaziɣt, 2011.

81- Islam BESSACI, Azal n tayri, 2011.

82- Dahbia AMOUR, Tiɣri n wul, 2011.

83- Said DEBIANE, Ay irfiqen, 2011.

84- Youcef ACHOURI, Aklan n tayri, 2012.

85- Rabah BETTAHAR, Teffeɣ Fransa, 2012.

86- Hamou AMARENE, Ula deg wawal, 2012.

87- Med-Zakaria BENRAMDANE, Amawal n waṭṭanen, 2012.

88- Abdellah HAMANE, Tudert-iw di tegrawla, 2012.

89- Boussad KEBIR, Awfus n tutlayt tamaziɣt, 2012.

90- Hocine LAOUES, Abuciḍan, 2012.

91- Kamel SI MOHAMED, Imsebriden n leryuf, 2013.

92- Abdelmalek AIT SI ABDELKADER, Tiɣri yeɣrin, 2013.

93- Louiza KANEB, 5 yulyu, 2013.

94- Mohand Amokrane ZIZI, Isefra i medden irkelli, 2013.

95- Arezki GRAÏN, Isefra n Lḥaǧ Muḥend Saɛid, 2013.

Actes de colloques

01- Actes des journées d'étude sur La connaissance de l'histoire de l'Algérie, mars

1998.

- Actes des journées d'étude sur L'enseignement de Tamazight, mai 1998.

- Actes des journées d'étude sur Tamazight dans le système de la communication, juin 1998.

02- Actes des journées d’étude sur La réhabilitation de l’environnement culturel amazigh et sur tamazight dans l’environnement juridique, 2000.

03- Actes des séminaires sur la formation des enseignants de Tamazight et

l'enseignement de la langue et de l'histoire amazighe, 2000.

04- Actes des journées d'étude sur Approche et étude sur l'amazighité, 2000/2001.

05- Actes du colloque sur Le mouvement national et la revendication amazighe,

2002.

06- Actes du colloque international sur Tamazight face aux défis de la modernité,

2002.

07- Actes du colloque : Identité, langue et Etat, 2003. - Actes du colloque : La permanence de l'architecture amazighe et l'évolution des

cités en Algérie, 2003.

08- Actes des stages de perfectionnement pour les enseignants de tamazight, mars

2004.

09- Actes du stage de perfectionnement des enseignants de la langue amazighe,

30/31 mars 2004.

10- Actes du Colloque : Le passage à l'écrit des langues et cultures de tradition orale,

le cas de Tamazight, 2004. (Voir Timmuzgha N°13) 11- Actes du Colloque : La littérature amazighe : de l'oralité à l'écrit, 2005

(Voir Timmuzgha N°14)

12- Actes du colloque sur Le patrimoine culturel immatériel amazigh, 2005.

13- Actes du Colloque : Tamazight dans les médias et à l'école : hypofonctionnalité et usages du lexique, 2006 (Voir Timmuzgha N°15)

14- Actes des Journées d'étude sur l’enseignement de Tamazight, Région Est, 2006.

- Actes de la Genèse de l’enseignement de Tamazight depuis le XIXème

siècle, 2006.

- Actes du Stage de perfectionnement pour les enseignants du primaire,

2006.

15- Actes du colloque sur Le libyco-berbère ou le Tifinagh ; de l'authenticité à l'usage pratique, 2007.

16- Actes du colloque : L’apport des amazighs à la civilisation universelle, 2008.

17- Actes du colloque sur La standardisation de l’écriture amazighe, 2010.

18- Actes du colloque sur Les Royaumes amazighs de la période musulmane, 2010.

- Actes du colloque sur Le Royaume de Koukou, 2010.

19- Actes du colloque, Aslugen n tira n tmaziɣt, 2012.

20- Actes du colloque sur Pierre Bourdieu et l’Algérie, 2012.

Revue « Timmuzgha »

Revue d'études amazighes du Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité :

N° 1, avril 1999, ----- N°22, janvier 2011.

- N°10, octobre 2004, Spécial Mohya, Entretien.

- N°12, décembre 2006, Tajmilt i Si Muḥend U Mḥend.

- N° spécial en Tamazight :

. N°16, janvier 2008.

. N°17, avril 2008.

. N°19, août 2008.

Revue « Tamazight tura »

Revue en Tamazight du Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité :

N°1, janvier 2009, ----- N°11, avril 2013.

Autres publications

01- Chafik MOHAMED, Aperçu sur trente trois siècles de l'histoire des imazighènes,

1997.

02- Annuaire des associations culturelles amazighes, 2000.

03- Idir El-Watani, L'Algérie libre vivra, 2001.

04- Mohand Oulhadj LACEB, La phonologie générative du kabyle : l'emphase et son harmonie. Tome1, Histoire et fondements d'un débat argumentaire, 2007.

05- Mohand Oulhadj LACEB, La phonologie générative du kabyle : l'emphase et son harmonie. Tome2, Analyse et représentation phonologique, 2007.

06- Collectif, Mouloud FERAOUN, Evocation, Actes du Colloque, 2008.

07- Catalogue des publications du HCA, 2008.

08- Catalogue des publications du HCA, 2009.

09- Boudjema AZIRI, Néologismes et calques dans les médias amazighs, 2009.

10- Mohand Idir AIT AMRANE, Kker a mmi-s umaziɣ, 2010.

11- Agenda de poche, 2012.

Consultings

01- Kamel BOUAMARA, Nekni d wiyiḍ, 1998.

02- Mouloud FERAOUN, Jours de Kabylie, 1999.

(Tasuqelt : Kamel BOUAMARA, Ussan di tmurt) 03- Nora TIGZIRI - Amar NABTI, Etude sur « L'enseignement de la langue

amazighe : bilan et perspectives », 2004.

04- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Dictionnaire des racines berbères communes,

2006/2007.

05- Abdellah NOUH, Glossaire du vocabulaire commun au Kabyle et au Mozabite,

2006/2007.

06- Sadaq BENDALI, Awfus amaynut n tutlayt tamaziɣt, 2007.

07- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, Tiwsatin timensayin n tesrit taqbaylit, 2007.

08- Kamel BOUAMARA, Amawal n tunuɣin n tesnukyest, 2007.

09- Moussa IMARAZENE, Manuel de syntaxe berbère, 2007.

10- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, Tiwsatin timensayin n tmedyazt taqbaylit, 2007.

11- Moussa IMARAZENE, Timɛayin n leqbayel, 2007.

12- Nora BELGASMIA, L'expression écrite en tamazight, 2007.

13- Mouloud LOUNAOUCI, Projet de création d’un Centre de terminologie amazighe, TERAMA, 2007.

14- Zahir MEKSEM, Isuraz n usezdi d tenmeẓla taḍrisant n tmaziɣt : Asnekwu d tesleḍt, 2008.

15- Mohammed Brahim SALHI, La tariqa Rahmaniya : De l’avènement à l’insurrection de 1871, 2008.

16- Fakihani TIBERMACINE, Tanast u kajjuf, 2009.

17- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Introduction à la littérature berbère, 2009.

18- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, تطور الشعر القبائلي و خصائصه, Tome1, 2009.

19- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, تطور الشعر القبائلي و خصائصه, Tome2, 2010.

20- Zahir MEKSEM, Tisekkiwin n yiḍrisen, tagmert d tesleḍt, 2010.

21- Mohand MAHRAZI, Lexique de didactique et des sciences du langage, 2013.

22- Lamri BENGASMIA, (الشاوية) مبادئ في الصوتيات الأمازيغية , 2013.

Coédition

ANEP

01- Iddir AMARA, Les inscriptions alphabétiques amazighes d'Algérie, 2006.

02- Kemal STITI, Fascicule des inscriptions libyques gravées et peintes de la grande Kabylie, 2006.

03- Mohand Akli SALHI, Amawal n tsekla, 2006.

04- O. KERDJA & A. MEGHNEM, Amawal amecṭuḥ n ugama, 2006.

ENAG

01- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Glossaire des termes employés dans la toponymie algérienne, 2011.

02- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Précis de lexicologie amazighe, 2011. 03- Mohand Akli SALHI, Poésie traditionnelle féminine de Kabylie, 2011.

04- Mohand Akli SALHI, Etudes de littérature Kabyle, 2011.

05- Habib-Allah MANSOURI, La Kabylie dans les écrits français du XIXe siècle, 2011.

06- Mohand MAHRAZI, Dictionnaire d’électrotechnique Français-Tamazight, 2011.

07- A. NOUH-MEFNOUNE & B. ABDESSALAM, Dictionnaire Mozabite-Français,

2011.

Cet ouvrage est publié dans le cadre de la collection

“Idlisen-nneɣ” Initiée par la Direction de la promotion culturelle du

Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité

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