Albert CAMUS
Lḥif n tmurt n Leqbayel
Misère de Kabylie
Tasuqelt :
Hocine HADID
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa
2013
IBUDDAN
I yimawlan-iw,
imeddukal-iw
akked yimezdaɣ n at Aṭelli.
I yimeddukal n tedbelt n lwilaya n Tizi Uzzu.
Si la conquête coloniale pouvait jamais trouver une excuse, c’est
dans la mesure où elle aide les peuples conquis à garder leur
personnalité. Et si nous avions un devoir en ce pays, il est de
permettre à l’une des populations les plus fières et les plus
humaines en ce monde de rester fidèle à elle-même
et à son destin.
Albert Camus
* * *
Aucun fil n’est rompu pour qui cherche ses origines.
Kateb Yacine
- 9 -
Misère de Kabylie est une page d’histoire. Aussi triste
soit-elle, elle ne pourrait en aucun cas être reniée. C’est
une vérité qui a traqué nos ancêtres et certains d’entre-
nous, les plus âgés, s’en souviennent encore. Quelle leçon
doit-on tirer de cette détresse honteuse à la limite du
supportable ? Certes, le colonialisme avait
incontestablement sa grande responsabilité. Pleine et
entière. C’est un fait historique indéniable. Mais il y avait
aussi et surtout, une responsabilité locale latente, passive,
complice, qui avait compliqué et aggravé les problèmes
d’une société déjà terrassée. Il s’agit principalement de la
scandaleuse de l’usure par des vautours qui se délectaient
de la détresse de leurs semblables. Une plaie dans la plaie.
Cependant, et heureusement, la solidarité des
populations mobilisées naturellement autour d’une cause
commune était indéfectible. Les hommes avaient su
partager, avec une générosité sans pareil, le peu de
ressources qu’il y avait. Désarmant magistralement
l’adversaire du jour de leur fraternité immense, de leur
chaleur humaine sans égal. Un peuple meurtri qui a su
donner à un adversaire farouche une superbe leçon
d’humilité et de grandeur.
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Aux Kabyles d’aujourd’hui, et à l’Algérie tout
entière, ces pages à peine croyables de leur Histoire ; où la
solidarité bénévole des hommes a superbement triomphé
de la misère perfide de leurs adversaires.
S’agissant de mon travail de traduction de cette
belle œuvre d’Albert Camus, en Tamazight, je dois avouer
que ne fut guère chose aisée pour moi, étant ma première
expérience dans ce domaine. J’avais pourtant succombé
devant la beauté cruelle de cette œuvre de géant. Tant pis
pour moi de relever un aussi grand défi pour tenter de
porter aux miens, dans leur langue, ces pages ô combien
déchirantes de notre histoire à tous. Avec cette gageure
inouïe de devoir à tout moment rester fidèle à la pensée
profonde de cet immense auteur. Tirant la fierté indicible
de rendre aux miens un patrimoine, fût-il des plus
malheureux. Même si parfois, j’avais le net sentiment que
la terminologie choisie par moi, pour certains mots ou
allocutions, conviendrait mal de compréhension à des
confrères de contrées amazighes à vocable différencié. Ce
dernier point dénote aussi toute la richesse fabuleuse et la
grande diversité de notre patrimoine linguistique. Un
patrimoine qui ne demande que des volontaires pour
s’épanouir au rang universel.
Hocine Hadid
- 11 -
TAZWART
(Sɣur yimsiẓreg n uḍris anaṣli)
Deg yiseggasen tlatin, iɣmisen n lexbarat n temdint
n Lezzayer ttarun-d ɣef Lezzayer ɣef wayen yeεnan
tawennaḍt d uḥewwes, d ayen L’Echo d’Alger d wiyaḍ. Di
meɣres 1937, La Dépêche tazzayrit tettmeslay-d ɣef lḥif
ameqqran akken ad d-weṣfen tawaɣit n umḍiq yetteddun
si Burǧ Buεrareǧ alamma d talast n Tunes. Meɛna lḥif n
umḍiq-agi i d-εnan yiɣmisen ssebba-s d aɣamac meqqren,
ssebba-s teεna tawennaḍt dayagi. Di duǧember 1938,
L’Echo d’Alger yessuffeɣ-d yiwen n uḍris «Tamurt n
Leqbayel amḍiq amḍiq», d ayen i icebbeḥ Charles Brouty s
arazem-ines, aɣmis-agi n René Janon yeḥka-d s waṭas ɣef
ccbaḥa n Tmurt n Leqbayel d tmeddurt-nsen. Amyaru-agi
yesseḥreṣ ɣef kra n temsal am yinig meqqren ɣer Fransa,
asexdem n rriba d lḥif n lexṣaṣ n tezdeg, meɛna René
Janon ur as-yenni ara belli d listiεmar i d ssebba n waya.
Deg uɣmis n 14 duǧember 1938, yura-d : «Ccetla-agi n
yifellaḥen n tidet i tella ccetla n Yiqbayliyen n yiman-nsen
kan, ḥemmlen akal alamma d lmut, ttasmen s wayla n
lǧiran akken bɣun ilin, ttcuḥḥun aṭas meɛna ttaɣen akal
akken tebɣu tili ssuma-s, ɣas ur yesεi ara nnfeε. S
tɣennant-nni n ssεaya (n yiman-is) ad yeǧǧ i warraw-is
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yettawin isem-is lǧil ɣer lǧil akken tebɣa ad tili teswiεt».
René Janon iheddren i wid teεna temsalt, yerna d wid
meqqren, yextem tira-ines mi as-yenna belli Leqbayel
ddan d Fransa. Ma d ayen yeεnan tira n Albert Camus,
deg uḥtac-ines ɣef Tmurt n Leqbayen, d ayen yuɣalen
mechur uqbel ad d-yeffeɣ di teẓrigin, imeḍqan n
Waεraben d Leqbayel ttabaεen s ccuq aḥtac-agi yexdem
umeddakel-nneɣ Albert Camus ɣef lḥif di Tmurt n
Leqbayel. Asmi d-yeffeɣ uḥtac-agi icewwel kra n
yimdanen iḥemmlen ad kellxen s kra n lekdeb, d ayen i d-
yura uneɣmas Σenṭar di Alger Républicain.
Deg wass n lexmis 8 ɣer ssebt 17 yunyu 1939, aɣmis
azzayri yura-d lexber ɣef Tmurt n Leqbayel « Kabylie 39 »
yexdem R. Frison-Roche yesεan εecra yiḥricen s lewsayef.
Axeddim-agi yemxallaf ɣef wayen i d-yeεna Albert
Camus deg unadi ines « Ur qbileɣ ara ayen i d-nnan kra n
lεibad ; Fransa texdem leḥwayeǧ yelhan di Tmurt n
Leqbayel mačči d ayen ara nenker ɣas nebɣa ad neqqen
allen nneɣ yerna ad nḥettem iman nneɣ ɣer tmuɣli kan n
wayen n dir», i d-yura R. Frison Roche i Albert Camus
mebla ma yebder-it-id ula yiwet n tikkelt. Tawafɣa n «
Lḥif di Tmurt n Leqbayel » deg uɣmis Alger Républicain
yeṭṭef si 5 ar 15 si juin
1939. Albert Camus yewweḍ-d ɣer Tmurt n Leqbayel mi
ifuk mayu. S lεejlan iḥus mliḥ i lḥif n umḍiq i d-izur. Alger
Républicain yessufeɣ-d ass n 27 mayu kra di tebratin yeṭṭef
sɣur aneɣmas-agi yettwaceggεen i waya « Dagi lḥif d
- 13 -
ahdum izad wi izaden. Ukan mačči d lεib kul ass ad
ttεeyyiḍeɣ deg yiɣmisen. Mčči d lehna n waṭas i sεiɣ.
Meɛna Ulac amdan izemren ad yessusem ma iwala ayagi
walaɣ, ad yettuhewwel », i d-yura Albert Camus. S ṭṭul n
uḥtac ines iṭṭalab abḥat n tdamsa d tin yeεnan amdan s
umata ɣef wakken tella teswiεt n tudert. S lemɣiḍat
yewweḍ almi yettḥellil akken ad tbeddel teswiεt s lxir i
Tmurt n Leqbayel. Гef wayen yura di 11 yiḍrisen yesεedda
s lewsayef, waḥed u εecrin s umata, ayagi mebla ma
icekker-d ula yiwet n tikkelt « ccbaḥa » n twennaḍt. Di
tektabt-is Actuelles III (lexbarat n Lezzayr i d-yeffɣen
1958), Albert Camus iεawed-d akk ayen yesεan lfayda di
ccɣel yura ɣef tneɣmast n unadi di 1939. Ayagi akken ad
nẓer acḥal iḥemmel ccɣel-is n uneɣmas. Nefka-d ad
teɣrem di tektabt-agi anadi yura i d-yeffɣen deg uɣemis
Alger Républicain di 1939 akken yella s lekmal.
Albert Camus d amyaru ameqqran n kul lweqt s tira ines,
s ccɣel-is n uneɣmas, d umezgun, amyaru n « Uberrani »,
inebbeh-d s kra iwala d lemḍerra, yezgan deg umḍiq n
wid ixussen, wid faydeg yeḍra lbaṭel. D aḥnin yeqqimen s
ṭṭul n ddunit-is yettḥessis i wid yettwaḥqren sɣur uǧhiden
n wass. Si lmut-is di 1960, ar ass-a, aṭas n lmidad i ineɣlen
akken ad d-ḥkun ɣef tmeddurt-is, ad d-sfehmen ccɣel-is.
Ccɣel yesεan aṭas n nnfeε i mazal i usefhem s ṭṭul. Albert
Camus d aneɣmas ameqqran d ayen, ayen yura s waṭas i
d-yessiẓreg ad d-cehden fell-as. Di lweqt ideg irfiqen-is
ḥekkun-d ɣef wayen ur nesεi ara lmeεna, sqizziben i
- 14 -
leḥkem yellan, netta yellan d anelmad n tesdawit n
Lezzayer ur yettfeẓẓa ara imeslayen-is akken ad d-yini
tiquranin, ad d-yini tidet akken tella, ɣas ma yella di lweqt
listiεmar ameslay yesεa leḥdada.
Ayen yura deg uɣmis Alger Républicain di « lḥif di tmurt n
Leqbayel » d ccɣel n uneɣmas ameqqran i d-ijemεen aḥric
imeεnen n umezruy n Lezzayer s-ddaw leqyada n urumi.
D ccɣel aḥnin yerna yesfa. Tira iǧehden ifazen iseḥḥan ur
nettwassen ara s waṭas di tmurt n Lezzayer d wanda
nniḍen. D yiwet s ssebbat i aɣ-yewwin ad naru taktabt-
agi.
Di lweqt n leḥkem n urumi, Azzayri yettweḥsab d akli.
Ddunit-is neɣ ayen i tt-icuban, i t-iεemren ala lḥif d ccer.
Xas walan ayagi, aṭas n yimussnawen sya u sya i lebḥer
Agrakal susmen zdat n lbaṭel aweḥci. Tasusmi icuban
tixubta, am wakken yella ususem zdat n yimenɣi i lḥeq.
Albert Camus mačči seg wid yettafen lehna nnsen zdat
lḥif d lemḥasba n wiyaḍ. Leεmer yeqbil taɣyulit n umdan.
Ccɣel-is n umeɣnas d ayen i t-yessawḍen ad d-yemmeslay
s leqseḥ ɣef lḥif n Yizzayriyen yettwaḥsaben d « lenfas n
yimdanen ». Deg useggas 1939, kra n wagguren kan mi
yebda ccɣel-is, Alger Républicain, di ḥertadem 1938, Albert
Camus yesεedday ussan d wuḍan di Tmurt n Leqbayel
akken ad iwali s wallen-is tidet taberkant. Tidet yessaweḍ
- 15 -
mebεid acḥal d tikkelt, d ayen yezzi s leḥsab i lεamma
akken ad walin lḥif amesbaṭli ttidiren Leqbayel s umata.
« Di taddart n El-Flay, s-nnig telmat n Sidi Ɛic nettader-d
yerna nettezzi-d tiwaculin yettɣimin acḥal d tikwal
yumayen ar teltyyam mebla ma ččan », i d-yura. Tira
ifazen n umyaru n Noce « tameɣra » i d-yezzin i lεamma
ussan n lḥif aberkan ttidiren Leqbayel di mkul amḍiq, di
tdamsit n tudert nsen s umata. Lḥif n Leqbayel d tin n
Yizzayriyen s umata di lweqt-nni d ayen i wumi ur yezmir
umdan. Kra n teḥkayin di tira-agi wwḍent ɣer lmuḥal di
ccerf n umdan. « Xemsa warrac mmuten imi ččan iẓuran n
kra n teḥcicin yesεan ssem ». Neɣ : « Ccetwa-agi rebεa
temɣarin i d-yusan seg yiwet n taddart ibeεden si Micli
akken ad awint amur nsent n temẓin mmutent deg udfel
mi uɣalent ». Mi yettaru kra n tikkwal yettaǧǧa ccɣel-is n
uneɣmas akken ad yesban lḥanna-s n umyaru. D ayen i d-
ixelqen isekkilen imelḥen. « Tammeddit-a, zdat zzawiya n
Kuku, nella di kra yid-neɣ d iḥewwasen gar yiẓra n yiwet
n tmeqbert nettferrij iḍ mi ad d-iɣelli nebεid deg uzaɣar.
Di ssaεa-agi ur newwiḍ d ass neɣ d ṭṭlam, ur ḥusseɣ ara
iman-iw xulfeɣ imdanen-agi yeffren dagi akken ad
qqimen d yiman nsen.
Lemxalfa uɣaleɣ ufiɣ-tt kra n sswayeε mi yewweḍ lawan
ideg amdan yeḥwaǧ učči. ».
I Albert Camus, Tamurt n Leqbayel weḥd-s, d ayen ad naf
segmi yebda tira ines timenza ɣef wayagi, ɣef umḍiq-agi i
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t-iεeǧben mliḥ, i t-iseḥḥren s waṭas. Xas ma yella di lweqt-
nni widak iḥekmen ḥesben iεeyyalen n umḍiq-agi n
Lezzayer d lenfas n yimdanen.
« Ma yella nxemmem ɣef wayen nessen ɣef ugdud aqbayli
di tirrugza, tameddurt n tudrin yeckenṭḍen ɣef tlelli nsen,
lqanun fkan i yiman nsen ( d win ifazen di ddunit s
lḥerma n umdan), di lqanun nsen, ulac lḥebs, seg wakken
agdud-agi iḥemmel tilelli. Imdanen-agi εacen s leqder,
lḥerma n umdan xir nneɣ », i d-ibeggen Albert Camus di
tira ines. Ayagi deg yiseggasen 30, d ayen i d-inebbhen ɣef
Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a d Lezzayer s umata. Acemma
ur iruḥ i tiṭ n umyaru n La Peste « tterka » ifehmen tayri n
Leqbayel am Yimaziɣen s umata, irgazen n tlelli, yessnen
lqima n tlelli. D ayen ur tettamneḍ deg yimeḍqan nniḍen :
agdud aqbayli ur yeḥwaǧ lḥebs i wid iḍelmen ; wid
iɣelḍen ttwaεzalen, aεzal yezga-d yewεer kter n lḥebs,
uqbel Albert Camus, Karl Marx yefhem tamuɣli n
Leqbayel ɣef wayen yeεnan ssira n ugdud, ɣas ma yella
agdud-agi ixus ttawilat aṭas.
Mi ifuk ccɣel-is d tmuɣli s lefhama d leḥzen, Albert
Camus yefka-d kra n lḥalat, yerna yessendeh s leqseḥ wid
iḥekmen akken ad d-εiwnen agdud-agi yexnunsen. « Ma
yella listiεmar yebɣa ad d-yaf ssebba, wagi ad d-yezg di
lemεiwna n ugdud yettuḥekmen akken ad yeṭṭef leqder-is.
Ma nesεa lwajeb di tmurt-a wagi d ayen ara isemḥen i
yimdanen-is yeččuren d lḥerma, leqder n umdan aεlayan
- 17 -
di ddunit akken ad qqiment s leqder nsent zdat n
lmektub», i d-yura.
« Lḥif di Tmurt n Leqbayel » d tira ḥninen ur nesεi tamtilt.
D isekkilen yeɣman ad d-icehden lǧil ar lǧil.
Lezzayer n wass-a d lferḍ, ilaq-as ad tnadi ɣef umezruy
ines sekud mazal later, di lweqt ideg tigejda n tidet la
tteftutusent. D taswiεt yesεan azal ameqqran akken ad d-
nejbed lfayda di tsekla n uḥtac n Albert Camus, d ayen ad
iεawnen aṭas deg uεawed n tmuɣli i tewriqin n umezruy n
Lezzayer. Ayagi kter n rebεin n ssna si tlelli n tmurt mazal
aḥric ameqqran n ugdud yettwaḍeyyeε. Tamurt
tamerkantit am tagi, s ṭṭaqa meqqren tḥerrem agdud-is, d
ayen ur iqebbel leεqel.
Taktabt-agi d tamuɣli ɣef wayen iεeddan, d tiqenṭert
daɣen gar wass-a d wayen i d-iteddun. Leqraya d uεawed
n tmuɣli n Albert Camus ad d-yas d yiwen seg yiberdan
ad yawin Azzayri ar Lezzayer n tidet, akal aḥnin bu
lɣella i d-yefkan rruḥ i yirgazen mucaεen yecban amyaru
ifazen n La chute « Anfaḍ ». Ma teɣriḍ tasekla yeεnan
L’envers et l’endroit « Ayen yellan deg umkan-is d wayen
iqelben », am win ad iḥewṣen si lbeεd di tmeddurt n
umdan, d ayen i aɣ-yemlan asirem di tlemmast n uhdum
nneɣ. (anadi n 1939 ɣef tmurt n Leqbayel d wayen yura di
1945 ɣef llaẓ d lḥif d ayen ilaq ad aɣ-d-ldint allen. Ayen
ara d-yeddun d ayen iwala di tira ines, llan yimyura
- 18 -
imeqqranen uqbel-is, ḥetcen, uran-d ɣef lbaṭel n listiεmar :
Andé Gide di “Tefriqt taberkant”, André Malraux di
“Linducin”. Meεna yella lfarq ameqqran gar wigi d
Camus. Xaṭer netta iqubel s lqedd uguren n tmurt ideg
ilul, uɣur ur d-yusi ara d aḥewwas, yettwaḥettem.
Tamurt-agi n Lezzayer yettwagezren, yettwaselxen
tegzem ul-is », i d-yura Roger Grenier di « Albert Camus
Iṭij d tili » (soleil et ombre) di tezrigin n Gallimard, 1987.
Di tebrat i d-yura i umunaḍel actiraki imeslem Σaziz
Kessus, Albert Camus iched-d « Ad iyi-tamnem mebla
ccek ma nniɣ-awen-d belli helkeɣ Lezzayer, di teswiεt-agi
am wakken ad d-inin wiyaḍ helkeɣ turin-iw ». Cchada
mucaεen n umyaru ur nesεi tamtilt yuklalen s lqedd arraz
n Nobel i as-yettwafken.
Imsiẓreg
- 19 -
Alger Républicain
5 juin 1939
- I -
Lyunan s yijerbuben
«A wi d-yufan lgirra s leεjel. Akken ad aɣ-d-fken ad nečč…»
Mi ad nebdu tasawent tamezwarut n Tmurt n Leqbayel,
nettwali tudrin-is d timecṭaḥ, yennejmaεen ar yimukan n
temεict i d-tefka twennaḍt, d yirgazen yelsan taduḍt
tacebḥant, d yiberdan i d-ḥezzment ttjur n uzemmur, d
tmeɣrusin d ukermus d wayagi akk i teddun tamεict
tushilt twennaḍt gar umdan d wakal, nettxemmim s leεjel
ar Lyunan.
Ma yella nxemmem ɣef wayen nessen ɣef ugdud aqbayli
d tirrugza ines, tameddurt n tudrin i yettmettaten ɣef
tlelli, lqanun xedmen i yiman nsen ( yiwen seg wid yefkan
tilelli n wawal i mkul amdan akken yebɣu yili), lqanun
ideg ulac leḥbus seg wakken agdud iḥemmel tilelli, d ayen
yernan s waṭas leqder i umdan.
Meɛna ad d-iniɣ tura kan belli ccbiha akked Lyunan
teḥbes da. Xaṭer di Lyunan qrib ad d-iniɣ belli wwḍen ad
εebden tanefsit n umdan d wayen i d-yexleq s lewhayem.
- 20 -
Di kra n tmurt ssneɣ tanefsit d lǧetta n umdan ur iyi-d-
tban tettwaḥqer am di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ilaq ad tt-naru s
lεejlan : lḥif n tmurt-agi d aweḥci. Deg yiwen n umḍiq
imelḥen di ddunit, agdud s lekmal la yettḥasab si llaẓ,
amur yebḍan tlata ɣef rebεa n yimdanen ttεicin s ssadaqa
n ddewla. Imdanen-agi yellan ttεicin s leqder d lḥerma
taḥerrit, yifen agdud nneɣ, wwḍen armi uɣalen di lḥif
aberkan kter n waklan.
Deg wayen i d-itteddun, ẓriɣ ilaq-iyi ad wezneɣ ayen ad
d-iniɣ akken ad fkeɣ lǧehd ilaqen i temḥeqranit i bɣiɣ ad
ttḥessem. Meɛna ur umineɣ ara ad iliɣ zemreɣ i waya, ur
zmireɣ ara ad ttuɣ amek i aɣ-d-qublen warrac n Leqbayel
di Mayu, mi aɣ-d-ṭṭalaben acu ara ččen nitni s yijerbuben,
ifassen nsen am yisɣaren. Ur tettuɣ ara amdan-nni n Burǧ
Mnayel iyi-d-yezzin aqadum n yelli-s tamecṭuḥt
yettwakerzen si lḥif, yeqqar-iyi-d : « Teẓriḍ belli taqcict-
agi lukan ad as-tekkes lihana, ad tizdig ad tels mliḥ, ur
tettcabbi ara ar tin imelḥen di trumyin ».
Amek ara ttuɣ nekk iḥulfan i yiman-iw yir ḍḍamir, ayagi
ad d-yeḍḥu mačči ala nekk. Meɛna ayagi akken ad as-
tḥusseḍ ilaq ad tkecmeḍ s leɣmeq di tudrin iḍerrfen aṭas
deg udrar ad twaliḍ igelfan n warrac ileεεben deg uzulix,
arrac n llakul iɣef d-cehden lecyax belli fesxen si llaẓ di
llakul, d temɣarin yeḥfan si tikli akken ad d-awint cweyya
n yirden s lbeεd n waṭas, ara asen-d-seddqen Yirumiyen,
d yigellilen yeεran i d-itezzin iberdiyen nsen am tɣunam
- 21 -
icexren. Ayagi d ayen ur tezmireḍ ad tettuḍ ala ma tebɣiḍ
ad tettuḍ s lɣerḍ-ik.
Lemεawna s lεejlan
Ilaq ad nẓer belli ur nesεi ara taḥsift i wacemma. Agdud
aqbayli s yiman-is ur yesεi ara tuḥsift. Akken ma llan
mmeslayen-iyi-d ɣef lemḥasba nsen meqqren. Ulac win
iyi-d-yemmeslayen belli yesεa lɣecc, ɣas ma yella lɣecc
yeḥwaǧ lǧehd. Ma tḥesseḍ i cwiṭ n lḥif itekkes cwiṭ n
lǧehd i lɣecc.
Ur tesεiḍ wid qesdeɣ dagi. Ruḥeɣ ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel, di
lbal-iw ad d-mmeslayeɣ ɣef wayen yelhan. Meɛna ur
walaɣ acemma. Lḥif i d-yezwaren yeqqen-iyi allen. Lḥif
mkul amkan. Lḥif yettbin s ani ruḥeɣ. D ayen kan i yellan,
i yeččuren allen iɣelben kullec, ama ɣef wid ifeclen neɣ ur
cliεen ara.
Ma rriɣ-d di lbal Tamurt n Leqbayel mačči akken ad d-
cekkreɣ ijeǧǧigen n tefsut-is yettfeggiḍen kul amkan,
meɛna iɣleb-it uqḍar-agi n yineεyuben d yiderɣalen,
εeryan ǧeryan, iyi-ittabaεen kul ass s tsusmi.
Ulac tamuɣli yessendafen kter n lḥif yellan di tmurt
icebḥen kter n tudrin n ddunit. D acu i as-nexdem nekkni?
D acu i as-nerra d azal akken ad yecbeḥ wudem-is ? D acu
- 22 -
nexdem nekkni merra s wigad yettarun, yettmeslayen neɣ
iqeddcen d lεeqqal, itettun kullec n lḥif n wiyaḍ mi ad
kecmen s ixxamen nsen ? Ad d-tiniḍ nḥemmel agdud-agi
ur iqum ara. Tayri ur tesεi ara amkan-is dagi neɣ ssadaqa
neɣ ameslay mebla lmeεna. D lxebz, d irden, d asellek, d
afus aḥnin i ilaqen. Ayen nniḍen akk d lfesti.
Ma tɣillem ttzidiɣ di lehdur awḍet s amkan, ar tudrin
mebla ma tεeddam si tɣiwant. Yiwet neɣ snat tikkal,
wama ayen nniḍen walaɣ, mmeslayeɣ rnu εaceɣ d
Leqbayel akken llan, ala ɣef lḥif nsen i d-ttmeslayen. Ulac
win yettxemmimen ar wayen nniḍen. D yiwen deg-sen
iyi-d-yennan : « Txedmeḍ-aɣ lxir mebla ma teẓriḍ, mi aɣ-
tḥesseḍ s lehmum nneɣ inqes-aɣ uɣbel ».
Ḥusseɣ belli i yimdanen-agi ur telli ddunit, ur telli lfetna n
ddunit, ur yelli wugur nniḍen zdat n lḥif aweḥci iwecmen
iqudam n Leqbayel.
Yiwen n wugur n Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a
Гef lḥif-agi ara d-mmeslayeɣ. Kullec syin, kullec ɣer din. D
tin i d ugur ameqqran awḥid n Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-
a. Meɛna ugur-agi yessefrurex s waṭas iεekkuren nniḍen.
D ayagi i ilaq ad nefhem, rnu ilaq ad nekkes tmesxir n
leεqel d ssadaqa n lḥif.
- 23 -
Meɛna ulac am leḥsab d wayen iḍerrun d tidet deg unnar
n twaɣit. D ayen ad d-neḥku ɣef lḥif-agi. Akken ad as-
nḥess s lekmal ines, nettidir-it. Lqum izaden s waṭas d
tijernaḍin n lḥif d tmezduɣt tamcumt, lexsas n waman d
yiberdan, ammus, lemεawna qlilet. Leqraya ixussen mliḥ
d ayen yessawḍen ifellaḥen n Leqbayel ad ḍaεen mliḥ, d
ayagi ara d-nweḍḍeḥ akken iwata.
Ur ilaq ara ad as-nini belli lḥala-agi ur tesεi ara tawwurt.
Leqbayel zemren ad amnen aya, aḥlil. Kra deg-sen zemren
ad iyi-d-inin awal-agi qerrḥen : « Awi d-yufan lgirra, imir-
n meqqar ad naf acu ara nečč ». Zemren ad amnen belli
teεwej ad tt-yesseeḥlu uεwaj. Meɛna nekkni neẓra ayagi d
lmuḥal. Xaṭer afcal-agi ur yettaf ara ssebba kan di tdamsa
iεewjen. Llant lɣelṭat ad yettwareqεen d tmussniwin ara
nessefti.
Ad d-nini lεeqleyya nneɣ ɣef wayagi, ad tt-id-nini mebla
tuffra. Xaṭer am wakken yenna Bernanos : « Tacmat mačči
d tuffra n tidet, meɛna mi ad d-tiniḍ kan cwiṭ seg-s ».
Lḥif akked cciεa n tmurt n Leqbayel
Ur ẓriɣ ara ma ad ḍelbeɣ ssmaḥ ɣef tsusmi inu ɣef wayen
yeεnan aḥewwes d tukksa n lxiq di Tmurt n Leqbayel, d
wayen tesεa mucaε. Am wiyaḍ aṭas, walaɣ ccbaḥa izaden,
tafsut s ttbut-is, tisebḥiyin ɣef tɣalltin i zerεent tẓerbay n
- 24 -
ǧiḥbuḍ am tregwa n yidammen. Ussan-nni iṭij ifeǧǧeǧ,
ibellirǧen deg waffug nsen uqbel ad naweḍ, zzhir n
yigerfiwen d yisɣan s-nnig yisaffen. Leεmer di ddunit-iw
iyi-d-tban ccbaḥa timcewwelt n tefsut s ttbut-is am tin n
Tmurt n Leqbayel. Meɛna ul-iw ur yefriz ara ayagi. Ad
ǧǧeɣ i wiyaḍ targit-agi icebḥen, idurar yeččuren d
ijeǧǧigen, igenni yesfan, d tmeddiyin ur nesεi tamtilt,
nekk ttwaliɣ aqadum yezreε lḥif, d wallen yeččuren d
arseḍ n uεeṭṭar amesḥuf aqbayli.
- 25 -
Alger Répblicain
6 juin 1939
- II -
Lḥif amsari
« Agdud yettεicin s leḥcic d yiẓuran »
Uqbel ad d-weṣṣfeɣ akken tella lḥala n lḥif s umata di
Tmurt n Leqbayel, uqbel ad d-ḥkuɣ ɣef ubrid i d-yewwi
llaẓ, abrid tebεeɣ acḥal n wussan, bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ kra n
yimeslayen ɣef ssebbat n tdamsa yessawḍen ɣer lḥif-agi.
D ayen ad yeṭṭfen deg yiwen n wawal : Tamurt n Leqbayel
tesεa aṭas n lqum yerna tettett kter n wayen i d-tettɣellit.
Idurar-agi ssefrurxen aṭas n lqum yewwḍen di kra n
tɣiwanin n Ǧerǧer leḥsab 247 n yimdanen kul Km2. Ulac
tamurt n Uruba yessawḍen aya, d lhimer. Mi ad nẓer belli
Fransa tesεa kan 71 n yimdanen kul km2. Deg umḍiq
nniḍen, Leqbayel tetten kan s lqewwa irden d temẓin
sewwayen d aɣrum d seksu. Ma neẓra belli akal n Tmurt n
Leqbayel ur d-yettak ara nneεma. Lɣella n nneεma deg
umḍiq-agi tettaweḍ kan yiwen ɣef tmanya (1/8) n wayen
tetten. Zerriεa-agi ilaqen i tmeddurt ilaq kan ad tt- id-
aɣen. Di tmurt ideg ssenεa qlilet neɣ ulac maḍi ansi ara d-
tek tedrimt ma mačči d lbiε n zzyada n lɣella n tfellaḥt.
- 26 -
Tamurt n Leqbayel tesεa ttjur n lfakya ṭṭaqa d azemmur d
tazert. Meɛna deg waṭas n yimḍiqen tazert ur tettkafi ara i
tgella n yimdanen. Ma d zzit lɣella tettas-d aseggas ɣef sin
gar leqlil d zzyada. Amek ad naf lmizan n leḥwiǧat n
zerriεa i ugdud yelluẓen ?
Ddiwan n yirden yefka ssuma ɣlayen i nneεma, meɛna
ssuma n tazert d tin n zzit ur terni ara. Aqbayli meskin
yeqqim yettxellis s leɣla akal-is uqsiḥ.
Di lḥala-agi iweεren Leqbayel, am yigduden-nniḍen
elluẓen, yerna izad fell-asen lqum, xtaren inig. D ayen
neẓra. Zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ belli ruḥen gar 40 ar 50 alef n
Yiqbayliyen, ma deg useggas n lɣella, Tizi-Uzzu weḥd-s
tjemmaε-d azal n rebεin melyun n franc n lmandat.
Taɣiwant n Fort-National tessaweḍ ad d-tejmeε qrib
amelyun deg wass. Tadrimt-agi n waṭas i d-yexleq
uxeddim n Uqbayli, tessaweḍ ad d-terr lmizan deg
useggas 1926 i tdamsa ixesren n Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Nezmer ad d-nini belli di lweqt-nni tamurt tessaweḍ ɣer
rrbeḥ. Wwḍen Leqbayel armi sɣelben ɣef llaẓ nsen s
lxedma nsen iḥersen.
Meɛna s lḥif n tdamsit di Fransa ixus mliḥ uxeddim, d
ayen yessawḍen ad d-ẓẓεen ixeddamen iqbayliyen, rran
afrag qessiḥen ɣef yiminigen, d ayen sweεren deg useggas
1935 s lqanunat yessawḍen Aqbayli ad yeḥbes deg udrar-
is. Meyya u xemsa u settin n frank i d ssuma n tuɣalin ɣer
- 27 -
tmurt, rnu-as lexṭeyya d leɣrama ara xellsen akk wid
iεedlen isem d yiminig yeṭṭef lqanun amcum. Yeḥbes
yinig. Di lemtel, taɣiwant n Micli tettaṭṭaf kan yiwen ɣef
εecra (1/10) ɣef wayen yellan zik di teswiεt n rrbeḥ.
D tiyita-agi qessiḥen i yessawḍen tamurt ɣer lḥif. Irden
ɣlayet ssuma nsen, ma d ssuma n lɣella yesnuzu ufellaḥ
rxiset ssuma-s. Zik arraw-is s yinig menεen taswiεt. Mi as-
yettwakkes ccɣel, llaẓ yeɣleq tiwwura. D ayen walaɣ s
wallen-iw i bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ s cwiṭ n yimeslayen, d aya i
ilaqen kan ad nḥess i twaɣit yeḍran.
Taɣeddiwt d llsas n tgella
Ayen uran wid iḥekmen ssawḍen ad d-ḥesben rebεin ɣef
meyya (40%) n twaculin n leqbayel i yettεicin s waqel n
1000 n frank i useggas. Ma nxemmem mliḥ, ayagi
yessaweḍ ɣer 100 n frank i waggur. Ccɣel-agi iḥseb-d belli
xemsa ɣef meyya (5%) kan n twaculin i yettεicin s 500
frank i waggur. Mi ara nẓer belli tawacult n leqbayel tesεa
gar xemsa ar setta lerwaḥ, ad nẓer lḥif n yifellaḥen s ani
yewweḍ. Zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ belli xemsin ɣef meyya (50%)
n yimdanen ttεicin s leḥcic d yiẓuran d ssadaqa n ddewla
s yirden d temẓin.
Di Burǧ Mnayel, deg umedya, di 27000 n lerwaḥ yettεicin
di tɣiwant, 10000 d imeɣban n sseḥ, 1000 kan i yettεicin
- 28 -
akken ilaq. Гef wayen i wumi ḥedreɣ ass-nni, mi ḥedreɣ i
ufraq deg umkan, walaɣ azal n 500 n yiẓawaliyen la
ttraǧun nnuba nsen akken ad awin kra n llitrat n yirden.
Ass-nni iyi-d-zzin leεǧeb : yiwet n temɣart iweznen 25
kilu yeknan ɣef sin. Kul yiwen n umeɣbun ad t-id-isaḥ 10
kilu n yirden. Di Burǧ Mnayel, afraq-agi yettili kul aggur,
anda nniḍen kul tlata wagguren. Mi ad nẓer belli, i
twacult n tmanya lerwaḥ laqen 120 kilu n nneεma i yiwen
n waggur (i lxebz). Nnan-iyi-d belli llan yimdanen i wumi
yettaṭṭaf aggur umur nsen n εecra kilu n yirden, mi yekfa
tetten leḥcawec deg-sen isennanen n uɣyul.
Di Tizi-Uzzu, mi ad d-yaweḍ ufraq-agi, llant tlawin i d-
yettasen s lbeεd alama d 30 ar 40 kilumitr. Yewweḍ armi
tent-yessens yiwen n ccix n lǧameε.
Mačči ala ayagi i yellan ɣef lḥif-agi aberkan. Nneεma di
Tizi-Uzzu tuɣal d lmakla n yimerkantiyen. Lemxeyyrin d
wid yessexlaḍen irden d lbecna. Yewweḍ armi yenza
uqenṭar n ubelluḍ εecrin n frank. Tawacult tigellilt tettett
aɣrum n temẓin d uḥelwiḍ, taɣeddiwt d yiẓuran s umata
am ubeqquq, ayen i wumi rennun zzit n uzemmur. Zzit
yettilin aseggas ɣef sin. Ayagi yeεna akk timura n
leqbayel.
- 29 -
Igerdan d yiqjan ttnaɣen ɣef yiḍumman
Yiwet n tsebḥit walaɣ di Tizi-Uzzu arrac s yijerbuben la
ttnaɣen d yiqjan mi ttnadin deg yiḍumman. Mi steqsaɣ,
yiwen n uterras yenna-iyi-d : « Ayagi tettwaliḍ iḍerru kul
ssbeḥ ». Yiwen nniḍen yeḥka-iyi-d belli di tudrin, di
ccetwa, si lḥif yellan, tiwaculin ttnejmaεent ɣef rrif n
lkanun akken ad ttunt llaẓ nsent, akken ad d-yas yiḍes. S
ṭṭul n yiḍ d aḥriret deg yiεecciwen si llaẓ d usemmiḍ.
Yerna lqanun yemneε ɣef usɣar n lɣabat : win ad
yettwaṭṭfen ad as-kksen aɣyul-is. Di tamaḍt n Tizi-Uzzu
ayagi yuɣal d ahdum. Yewweḍ armi kul larebεa, win
yellan s-nnig n uselway n tɣiwant yesseččay 50 yiterrasen
deg-sen aṭas n warrac. Yettak-asen aḥelwiḍ akked lxebz.
Seg-s akkin ad rǧun aggur i umur nsen n lemεawna n
yirden. Timrabḍin n urumi d ccix Rolland ttεawanen di
ssadaqa-agi.
Ad d-tinim : « Mačči akk akka Tamurt n Leqbayel, d yir
taswiεt, mačči akka i yella leḥsab, d wayen nniḍen ». Nekk
ur fhimeɣ ara tamuɣli-agi. Leḥsab yezmer ixus, d sseḥ,
meɛna walaɣ deg Yiεezzuzen yiwet n twacult n εecra
yigerdan ideg mmuten tmanya : d tagi i d tidet taqerḥant.
Mebla ma ḥkiɣ-d ɣef warrac ifesxen si llaẓ deg uɣerbaz di
Fort-National. D ayen yeḍran u mazal ad yeḍru ma ulac
lemεawna iwulmen. Imi ẓriɣ belli deg uɣerbaz n Talam-
Aïach, di tuber iεeddan, lecyax ẓran arrac i d-yusan s
aɣerbaz, d iεeryanen, ččuren d tilkin. Armi i asen-seṭṭlen
- 30 -
fkan-asen lqec. Ẓriɣ deg Yiεezzuzen igerdan ur teffɣen ara
seg uɣerbaz ɣef leḥdac xaṭer taddart nsen tebεed aṭas,
tetten aɣrum d tebselt neɣ kra n yiniɣman.
Di Fort-National, mi ferrqen irden steqsaɣ yiwen n uqcic
tettwalim di lewsayef-agi inu s teylut n temẓin ɣef uεrur-
is :
- I wacḥal n wussan i ak-d-fkan annect-a ?
- Xmesṭac n wussan.
- Deg wacḥal yid-wen di twacult ?
- Xemsa.
- D ayagi i tesεam d tagella ?
- Ih.
- Ur tesεim ara tazert ?
- Ulac.
- Tettarram-as zzit i uɣrum ?
- Ala. Nettarra-as aman.
Imir-n iruḥ uqcic-nni yesmicciw.
Ma berka ayagi ? Ma mmuqleɣ acu uriɣ iɣaḍ-iyi mliḥ lḥal
ɣef wayen iḍerrun n lḥif mi ad t-ẓren medden merra.
Meɛna d ayen ilaqen ad d-iniɣ.
I wass-agi ad ḥebseɣ da, εyiɣ deg ucali gar lḥif d llaẓ n
ugdud. Llaẓ yella. Yettεeyyiḍ s ugerjum-is, la yessefcal.
Tikkelt nniḍen, ad d-iniɣ d acu nexdem i waya, ma nesεa
lḥeq ad as-ndewwer azagur i waya. Ur ẓriɣ ara ma
nefhem ayagi, meɛna ẓriɣ mi d-uɣaleɣ seg yiwen n udrum
n Tizi-Uzzu, ddiɣ d yiwen n uḥbib aqbayli nuli ɣer
- 31 -
tqacucin s-nnig n temdint. S-yinna nettwali-d iḍ mi d-
iɣelli. Di ssaεa-nni ideg tili tettsubbu-d seg yidurar ɣef
wakal ucbiḥ, d ayen i d-yettawin rraḥa i wul n umdan
akken yebɣu yeεsa, meɛna ẓriɣ belli i tamaḍt-inna akin n
uzaɣar ulac talwit i twaculin yezzin i teqrist n yir aɣrum n
temẓin. Ẓriɣ belli tella lḥana n twennaḍt imelḥen aṭas
timeddiyin di tmurt-agi icebḥen, meɛna iɣleb-it lḥif
amcum ireqqen am tergin yugin ccbaḥa n ddunit. « Yya ad
nsubb iyi-d-yenna urfiq-iw ».
- 32 -
Alger Républicain
7 juin 1939
- III-
Lḥif aberkan
Xemsa warrac mmuten mi ččan iẓuran yesεan ssem
Mi εeddaɣ akk di tamaḍt n Tizi-Uzzu, yiwet n temdint mi
ttḥewwiseɣ deg yizenqan ines seqsaɣ yiwen n urfiq-iw
«Ma yella akk imeḍqan akka i tella lḥala ». Yenna-iyi-d ad
twaliḍ kter. Nkemmel aḥewwes s waṭas di taddart ideg
tiḥuna timecṭaḥ yettensar-d seg-sent ubziz n tafat s
iberdan yesḍelmen, tafat yecban ssut n leɣna d ccḍeḥ d
zzhir n umeslay.
Yuɣal walaɣ akter n lḥif s waṭas
Ẓriɣ belli taɣeddiwt d usennan n uɣyul ttekkin s waṭas di
tgella n Leqbayel. D ayen walaɣ mkul amḍiq. Ayen ur ẓriɣ
ara yeḍra-d ilindi deg umḍiq n Abbo ideg xemsa warrac
mmuten mi ččan iẓuran yesεan ssem. Ẓriɣ belli drus n
yirden i ferqen i twaculin, meɛna ur ẓriɣ ara belli afraq-agi
d ssebba n lmut n rebεa temɣarin i d-iruḥen seg yiwet n
- 33 -
taddart ibeεden akkin i Micli akken ad awint amur nsent n
temẓin, mmutent deg udfel mi uɣalent.
Di Σedni ɣef 106 warrac n llakul, 40 kan i itetten akken
ilaq. Di taddart-nni teṭṭuqet lebṭala, ixus mliḥ ufraq n
lemεawna. Di tudrin n Micli llan azal n 500 ur nesεi ara
axeddim. Wid ixussen aṭas zgan-d deg Uqbil, At Yeḥya,
At Yusef. Di tɣiwant-agi neḥseb-d alef n wid ur nesεi ara
axeddim rnu seḥḥan mliḥ. Deg uɣerbaz n Uẓru Uqellal,
ɣef 110 yinelmaden neḥseb-d 35 i itetten yiwet n tremt kan
deg wass. Di Mayu rebεa ɣef xemsa (4/5) n yimdanen
xussen mliḥ, rnu afraq n lemεawna yettili-d kul tlata n
wagguren. Deg Yiwaḍiyen yesεan 7500 lerwaḥ neḥseb-d
3000 yiεeṭṭaren. Di Sidi Σic 60 ɣef meyya xussen mliḥ. Di
taddart n El-Flay s-nnig Sidi Σic, llant twaculin yettɣimin
acḥal tikkelt yumayen ar tlata yyam bla ma ččan. Ṭṭaqa n
twaculin rennunt zerriεa n uzumbi i tgella. Zerriεa i asen-
d-yettawin lexṭeyya n wid yettεassan leɣwabi.
Ma drus aya ad d-rnuɣ belli di tɣiwant n Leqser yesεan
2500 n lerwaḥ, 2000 deg-sen am yiεeṭṭaren. Ixeddamen n
tfellaḥt ttawin yid-sen cweyya n uɣrum d zzit i wass
kamel. Tiwaculin rennunt i tgella azegḍuf yettewwan aṭas
n sswayeε, d lqut n yigellil. D ayen nwala di tudrin n
Yiεeẓẓugen am tudrin n Delles daɣen iḍaεen mliḥ s llaẓ, d
ayen izaden ɣer udewwar n At Slim yessawḍen ad sεun
96% yelluẓen aṭas. Akal nsen yeḥfa maḍi. Imezdaɣ
wwḍen almi sserɣayen asɣar akken ad d-ssufɣen lefḥem i
- 34 -
snuzun di Delles. Ayagi xeddment s tuffra xaṭer ur sεin
ara ttesriḥ. Kul mi ad ttwaṭṭfen tekksen-asen sselεa d
uɣyul. Imezdaɣ n Bni Slim ttruḥun deg yiḍ ɣer Delles.
Win ara ten-yeṭṭfen sɣur iεessasen n lɣaba ad xellsen
leɣrama rnu ad yerr aɣyul nsen ɣer lḥebs. Ma ur yezmir i
lexlas, ad t-awin ɣer lḥebs, dinna meqqar ad yaf acu ara
yečč : Ula d agrireb s leṣlaḥ, d ayagi i yessiwḍen at n Bni
Slim ad ččen.
Acu ara d-rnuɣ i waya ? ilaq ad ten-nɣer mliḥ u ad
nefhem tanḍert nsen d lqella n ṭṭmeε. Ma yella ayagi d
lḥeq ad t-id-nini, meɛna ma nufa d lbaṭel, ilaq-aɣ ad
neḥriret. Ma d ayen ur tuminem ara awḍet s amkan ad
twalim.
Afraq n yirden d nneεma
Acu n ddwa i as-d-ufan i wannect-a n lḥif d llaẓ ? Tura ad
d-rreɣ lǧawab : yiwen n ddwa : d ssadaqa. Si lǧiha ferrqen
nneεma. Si lǧiha nniḍen xelqen-d ccwal i wid iferrqen.
Гef wayen yeεnan afraq-agi yiwen n wawal ara d-iniɣ.
Ayen iεeddan yesban-d belli ccɣel-agi ixus aṭas. Ad
tferqeḍ 12 llitrat kul sin neɣ tlata n wagguren i twacutl
yesεan rebεa ar xemsa n yigerdan d ttmesxir. Ad neṭṭeggir
imelyunen i useggas mebla lmeεna. Xas ma ẓriɣ belli
- 35 -
ssadaqa d ayen yelhan, meɛna yif-it lukan tεawed tsertit
yeεnan imdanen.
Ilaq ad d-nini belli igellilen i wumi ferrqen d lqeyyad i
ten-id-yettextirin neɣ wid iḥekmen di tɣiwant, d ayen ur
nleḥḥu ara s lḥeq. Nnan-d belli tifranin tineggura di Tizi-
Uzzu ttwaxedment s ufraq n yirden. Mačči d nekk ad d-
yinin belli di Yesser, widak ibuṭin ɣef PPA ur as-nefkin
ara amur nsen n yirden n lemεawna. Yerna ṭṭaqa n tmura
n Leqbayel la d-ttcetkint ɣef yir irden i asent-ferrqen.
Nezmer ad d-nini belli irden-agi d win izaden di tumurt
neɣ win ssigren lεesker, iruḥ yexser. Di Micli ferqen
timẓin ula d lmal yugi-tent. Nnan-iyi-d kra n Yiqbayliyen
mebla ma ḍsan-d belli ttmennin ad ilin d iεudiwen n
ddark akken ad ččen timẓin yelhan iwala umejjay n lamal.
Ma yella mazal nettraǧu kra di tsertit-agi tucmit, ilaq ad
nesseklef ixeddamen ilaqen (am wid i d-ijemmεen
leɣrama) akken ad ḥesben akken iwilem wid ilaqen i
lemεawna, yerna laqen yirden yelhan i wučči. Akken ad
telhu ssadaqa. Meɛna ayagi ad iqqim drus, xaṭer tlaq
tsertit ad yekksen llaẓ yerna ad d-yerr lḥerma i ugdud n
Leqbayel. D ayen i nettmenni. Meɛna ayagi d tamsalt
nniḍen.
- 36 -
Axeddim n ssadaqa
Akken ad d-afen tawwurt i lbaṭala yellan s waṭas di
tɣiwanin, snulfan-d axeddim ara inefεen lεamma ideg
lexlas yewwi-d tmanya ar εecra frank deg wass ideg nnefs
ɣef wid fkan d adrim nnefs d nneεma. D ayen nwala di
tɣiwanin n Micli, Fort-National, Mayu, Port-Guidon, d
tiyeḍ nniḍen. Ayagi yelha xersum tella lḥerma n
yimdanen. Meɛna yella wayen n dir deg-s. Wid ur nezmir
ara ad xedmen am yimɣaren d warrac, ur seεεun ara
lemεawna. Lxedma-agi tezga-d s nnuba, win ad d-saḥen
sin wussan i ddurt d lemxeyyer, yerna imukan ulac aṭas.
Di Tizi-Uzzu, ixeddamen xeddmen rebεa wussan kul
rebεin wussan akken ad rebḥen εecrin n llitrat n yirdan.
Acḥal n yimelyunen yettwaserfen i uḥerfi.
Mazal ad d-nedheɣ ɣef wayen nniḍen i walaɣ d lemḍerra
tameqqrant. Di akk tiɣiwanin, kkes-d kan tin n Port-
Guidon, tekksen leɣrama i yigellilen si lmuḥal n lḥif d
tjernaḍin nsen. Ulac ayen yecban taweḥcit am tagi. Ma
yella lxedma-agi n lḥif ḍemεen deg-s, amek ad kksen llaẓ i
lɣaci. Ma yella sxedmen lɣaci akken ad ten-ǧǧen ad
mmten si llaẓ, axir ad ten-ǧǧen meqqar ad mmten si llaẓ
mebla ma xedmen, xaṭer ayagi yecba lmuḥal n lḥif.
- 37 -
Ccetwa tetteddu-d
Ur bɣiɣ ara ad kfuɣ ayagi i d-sewwreɣ n lḥif n cci n
umdan mebla ma nniɣ-d mačči d ayagi kan i icuban
axnunes n ugdud. Akken yebɣu yili lḥif yella wayen
iweεren ma kter imi ccetwa tetteddu-d mi ad yekfu
unebdu. Xaṭer ur yeεdil ara mi ara yeḥmu lḥal ulac
asemmiḍ, iberdan n uḍar sεan tawwurt i tikli. Nezmer ad
naf taɣeddiwt d yiẓuran s waṭas, ad nečč leḥcawec
izegzawen. Ayen nettwali d lḥif aberkan tura, d ccafuεa
ɣer Uqbayli, meɛna asmi adfel ad d-isudd tiɣezza d
yiberdan, asemmiḍ ad igezzem iɣsan n yiεeryanen, yeččur
iεecciwen d tiqit, ass-nni ad tebdu lemḥasba.
Degmi uqbel ad nεeddi ɣer wudem nniḍen n lḥif n Tmurt
n Leqbayel, bɣiɣ ad beyyneɣ lḥeq s kra n yimeslayen
nessen ɣef tmurt n Lezzayer yeqqaren « d tagi i d
lεeqleyya n Uqbayli » akken ad semḥen i lḥala-agi
tamcumt. Ula d mas Albert Lebrun s timmad-is ma nefka-
as 200 frank i waggur akken ad yaɣ tannumi d temεict s-
ddaw tqenṭyar, d lḥif n wammus d telqimt ad d-yefren di
zzbel. Seg wakken amdan icudd ɣer ddunit, yella wayen
iɣelben akk lḥif n ddunit. D lbaṭel fell-aɣ ad d-nini belli
agdud-agi ur yesεi ara am nekkni lemḥibba n ddunit. Xas
ma ur ten-yesεi ara aṭas aygi seg waydeg yuɣ lḥal nexleq-
as-ten-id. D lewhayem amek armi nezmer ad naweḍ ad
nessirxes deg ugdud s ucekker n ukellex belli agdud-agi
yezmer i lḥif xir n wiyaḍ. Ala, mačči akkagi i ilaq ad nwali
- 38 -
leḥwayeǧ, yerna mačči akka ad tent-nwali. Xaṭer
axemmem am wagi d ucmit ma nernu ad as-nessels i
ugdud yemmuten seg usemmiḍ ideg arrac wwḍen ad ččen
tagella n lmal mebla ma ẓran acu ara ten-yenɣen. Ad d-
nini tidet nettεici kul ass, tama nneɣ agdud yella yid-neɣ s
tlata leqrun ɣer deffir, yerna aql-aɣ weḥd-neɣ nugi ad
nḥess i leεǧeb-agi i wumi neḥder.
- 39 -
Alger Républicain
8 juin 1939
- IV -
Tijernaḍin n ulac
“6 ar 10 n frank deg wass i 12 n sswayeε n uxeddim”
Imdanen yummuten si llaẓ sεan kan yiwen n ubrid : d
axeddim. Semḥet-iyi i tidet-agi ẓran akk medden. Meɛna
ayagi mačči d ayen iḍerrun di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Nniɣ-d
uqbel yakan belli nnefs n ugdud n Tmurt n Leqbayel ur
yesεi ara axeddim, ¾ n yiqbayliyen hanen lluẓen. Ayagi
ur nzad ara di leḥsab nneɣ. Meɛna d ayen i d-yesbanen
belli axeddim n dagi ur yesεici ara amdan.
Σeggnen-iyi-d belli tijernaḍin xussent. Ur ẓriɣ ara belli d
tijernaḍin n ukellex. Nnan-iyi-d belli izad lweqt deg
uxeddim, ur ẓriɣ ara belli xeddmen yumayen deg wass.
Ur bɣiɣ ara ad sseɣliɣ ameslay. Meɛna d lwajeb fell-i ad d-
iniɣ dagi belli axeddim di Tmurt n Leqbayel d lxedma n
waklan. Xaṭer ur walaɣ ara isem nniḍen yis ara semmiɣ i
uxeddim n 10 ar 12 n sswayeε deg wass, d lexlas n setta ar
εecra frank. Mazal ad d-rnuɣ mebla ma sfehmeɣ-d ɣef
tjernaḍin mkul tamaḍt n tmurt. Xas ur iyi-tettamnem ara
- 40 -
ḍemneɣ-ken belli ayagi d sseḥ. Sεiɣ dagi zdat n wallen-iw
leḥsab n lexlas n yixeddamen n tfellaḥt n Sabaté-Taracol di
tamaḍt n Burǧ Mnayel. Leḥsab yeεna “lkanza”, isem n
uxeddam nnumru ines d ssuma. Ad d-ɣreɣ amezwaru : 8
frank, 7 frank, 6 frank. Walaɣ belli axeddam-agi yuɣen
setta frank yexdem rebεa yyam. Twalam acu n lmeḥna ?
Xas axeddam yessaweḍ xemsa u εecrin yum deg waggur,
irebbeḥ-d 150 frank anda yezmer ad iεeyyec tawacult n
waṭas n yigerdan di tlatin wussan. Ayagi d ayen
ittwexxiren tilisa n lmuḥal. Bɣiɣ kan ad d-steqsiɣ wigad-
agi ara yeɣren tira inu acḥal yid-sen i zemren ad εicen s
tjernaḍin am tigi ?
Amek yettwazreε s yimeḍqan uxeddim aweḥci di
Tmurt n Leqbayel
Uqbel ad nruḥ s lbeεd a-t-an kra n usefhem. Uqbel yakan
fkiɣ-d tijernaḍin tilemmasin di tamaḍt n Burǧ Mnayel. Ad
d-rnuɣ aya : tiseffarin n lfirmat Tracol ttεeyyiḍent rebεa
yiberdan deg wass ɣef rrebεa, leḥdac, ttnac, ssebεa. D
ayen yessawḍen 14 sswayeε deg wass n uxeddim.
Ixeddamen n tɣiwant ttaṭṭafen-d 9 frank deg wass. Mi
cetkan wid iḍemnen lecɣal n uxeddam di tɣiwant, ssulin
lexlas ar 10 frank. Di lḥewc n Dexxan n umḍiq-nni
(Tabacop), ssuma teqqim 9 frank. Di Tizi-Uzzu lexlas
alemmas yezga-d di 7 frank i 12 n sswayeε. Ixeddamen n
tɣiwant ssawḍen 12 n frank.
- 41 -
Imεellmen iqbayliyen n umḍiq-nni ssexdamen tilawin i
ususi n lbaṭaṭa. Ttwaxellsent 3 frank deg wass, lweqt kif
kif. Di Fort-National, imεellmen iqbayliyen ur xullfen ara
listiεmar, lexlas yezga-d gar 6 ar 7 frank deg wass. Tilawin
ttwaxellsent 4 frank rennunt aɣrum. Ixeddamen n tɣiwant
9, 10 ar 11 n frank.
Di Lǧemεa n Sariǧ yesεan lɣella, irgazen ttawin 8 ar 10
frank i 10 sswayeε, tilawin 5 frank. Di Micli lexlas
alemmas yezga-d di 5 frank, rennun učči, ayagi i 10
sswayeε n lxedma. Tajernaḍt di tɣiwant tewweḍ 11 ar 12 n
frank. Meɛna tekksen fell-as leɣrama mebla ma cawren.
Tikkwal leɣrama-agi tettawi akk lexlas. Talemmast kan
tezga-d di 40 n frank i 15 wussan. Deg Yiwaḍiyen tajerniḍt
di tfellaḥt tella gar 6 ar 8 frank. Tilawin di tukksa n
uzemmur ttawin 3 ar 5 frank, ixeddamen n tɣiwant 10 ar
11 n frank mebla ma nettu leɣrama tuqsiḥt.
Di tamaḍt n Mayu, axeddam yettaɣ 9 ar 10 frank, ma d ass
ur yesεi ara lḥedd. Di tukksa n uzemmur, di lxedma gar
twaculin, lexlas yewweḍ 8 frank i uqenṭar n uzemmur.
Twacult n rebεa yimdanen jemmaεen-d sin yiqenṭaren
deg wass. Leḥsab yefka-d 4 frank i umdan.
Di tamaḍt n Sidi Σic, tajernaḍt tewweḍ 6 frank rennun
aɣrum d yiniɣman. Yiwet n ccarika n dinna tettxellis
ixeddamen 7 frank mebla lmakla. Ssekruyen daɣen i
useggas s wazal n 1000 frank rennun lmakla.
- 42 -
Deg uzaɣar n Leqser yeṭṭef leḥkem Urumi, argaz yettaɣ 10
frank, tameṭṭut 5 frank, aqcic ixeddmen di tferrant 3 frank.
Ma d amḍiq yellan gar Delles d Port-Guidon, tajernaḍt
tezga-d gar 6 ar 10 frank i 12 n sswayeε n lxedma.
Ad ḥesbeɣ leḥsab-iw yessefcalen snat nneqṭat.
Tamezwarut, ixeddamen ur mbiwlen ara, ur ccetkan ara.
Ala deg useggas 1936 i d-kkren yixeddamen di Beni
Yenni, llan bennun abrid, ḥebsen axeddim ɣef ssuma
yellan 5 frank deg wass, tuɣal 10 frank. Ixeddamen-agi ur
sεin ara ssandika.
Tis snat, bezzaf aṭas i yettεeṭṭil uxeddim, yerna ixeddamen
ibeεden yebεed ansi i d-leḥḥun. Llan igad ileḥḥun 10
kilumitr, ad d-ruḥen ad uɣalen. Ttawḍen ɣef lεacra,
ttuɣalen-d ar lxedma ɣef 3 n ssbeḥ. D acu ara ṭṭsen. Axir
lukan ur ttruḥun ara s ixxamen nsen, init-d ma d ddunit
tagi.
Sebbat n ukraz s yimdanen
Ayagi iḍerrun yesεa sebba. Lḥsab n ddewla yessaweḍ
tajernaḍt 17 n frank i wass. D lḥif n lexsas n uxeddim i
yessawḍen ar 6 frank i wass. Imεellmen n Leqbayel d wid
n listiεmar ẓran ayagi, yeffeɣ fell-asen, ula d ddewla n
Urumi ur tebɣi ara timerna n tjernaḍin akken ad teddu di
lebɣi i yimεellmen n Leqbayel.
- 43 -
Deg Wat Yani, sebbat ara d-sfehmeɣ akkin, teḍra-d tsertit
tajdidt n uxeddim n lεamma. Lebṭala yenqes mliḥ.
Tajernaḍt tewweḍ 22 frank deg wass. D ayen i d-ibeyynen
belli tella temḥeqranit n uxeddam, ayen nniḍen akk d
lfesti.
Amεellem n urumi n lkulun yufa-d ssebba belli axeddam
aqbayli yetteḥririt aṭas s tikli ines. Meɛna yagi d tasertit n
lbaṭel yeεnan akk Tamurt n Leqbayel, ssebba d lfayda
ttawin yimεellmen.
Ma d ayen yeεnan ddiεaya belli axeddam aqbayli ixus, ɣef
wayagi i bɣiɣ ad xetmeɣ. Xaṭer ayagi d tamḥeqranit
tamsurit n lkulun ɣef ugdud aqbayli. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ
tamḥeqranit-agi tesban-d amek gan yimawlan-is. Ad tt-id-
iniɣ d lekdeb ur ixus ara ccɣel n Uqbayli. Xaṭer ur as-d-
ufin acemma ad as-rnun wigi yekkaten di Leqbayel,
imεellmen imesbaṭliyen.
Meɛna acu yellan d sseḥ, d lḥif n yixeddamen
yettemṭuṭulen si llaẓ d εeyyu, ur zmiren ara ad refden
agelzim. Axeddam ur yesεi ara lǧehd xaṭer ur yečči ara, ur
yettwaxlas ara akken ilaq lḥal xaṭer ur yesεi ara lǧehd, d
tagi i d ddunit iqelben.
Ayagi ur yesεi ara aqerru. Mačči s ufraq n lemεawna n
yirden ara nekkes llaẓ i Tmurt n Leqbayel, meɛna s
lxedma imeεnen yeẓdan s lḥeqq ad iḥazen akk wid ur
- 44 -
nxeddem ara. D ayen nezmer ad nexdem yerna ilaq s
uzekka.
Nnan-iyi-d ass-agi belli ferqen cciεat i wid iǧuhden
Lalman si Leqbayel iεiwnen Arumi. Mačči s tmesxir i uriɣ
aya, meɛna s leḥzen. D lḥeqq ad nesteεref s tirrugza,
meɛna aṭas i yellan ass-a lluẓen di Tmurt n Leqbayel yerna
εiwnen Arumi mi ten-yeḥwaǧ. D acu i d azal n cciεa n
wuzzal mi ara tt-zzin i warraw nsen ikenfen si llaẓ.
- 45 -
Alger Républicain
9 juin 1939
- V -
Tamezduɣt
“Arrac deg ubrun aberkan n uzulix”
Yewεer ad teẓreḍ liḥala ideg ttεicin Leqbayel ma ur nzur
ara tudrin nsen. Ur d-ttεawadeɣ ara ayen i d-nnan wiyaḍ
ɣef lḥif n yiεecciwen zedɣen Leqbayel. Meɛna ad d-iniɣ
kan belli yesεa yiwet n texxamt yefreq ɣef sin lḥiḍ
amecṭuḥ (40 cm), amḍiq amecṭuḥ isaḥ-d lmal, wayeḍ d
imdanen. S-nnig waddaynin d taεric n rreẓq n twacult ma
yesεa kra n rreẓq. D ayen yis Aqbayli, s yiwet n lxezra ad
iẓer akk d acu yesεa.
Taxxamt-agi ideg ttεicin 5 lerwaḥ s leḥsab alemmas, rnu-
as sin ar tlata n lmal, ur tesεi ara ṭṭaq. Tafat-is d ubeḥri
tekken-d si tewwurt. Tawwurt ideg kecmeɣ mi kniɣ ɣef
sin. Walit tura d acu-tt. Ayagi di Σedni. Xecmeɣ yiwen n
uxxam yecban aεecciw yezdeɣ lḥif aberkan. Daxel d ṭṭlam
d dexxan, daxel llant snat n tlawin, yiwet d tamɣart mliḥ
tayeḍ s uεebbuḍ ad d-tarew. Tlata n warrac ttwalin-iyi-d
wehmen deg-i. Lqaεa n texxamt-nni d akal yettwaddzen,
ɣef rrif n tewwurt teɣza tzulixt i yibeccan n lmal d wid n
- 46 -
umdan. Ulac la taxzant la ṭṭabla acemma. D acu walaɣ mi
yuɣent wallen-iw tannumi d ṭṭlam, tlata n yisebbalen n
talext tamellalt, d snat tqedḥin n talext, d later belli ttεicin
dagi yimdanen. Di tafat-agi qlilen, d rriḥa-agi lmal, d
dexxan-agi yekkaten ar taɣect, leεmer di ddunit-iw ẓriɣ
lḥala n lḥif am tagi, ur friḥeɣ ara maḍi s wayagi. Accu
mazal ad ḍelbeɣ. Meɛna steqsayeɣ tameṭṭut-nni m-
uεebbuḍ ifellqen tettaṭṭaf s sin yifassen : «Anda
tegganem?» « Dagi » i d-tenna, tessewεed-iyi-d tasga tama
n tzulixt n yibeccan.
Taddart n Yizulixen
D ayen neẓra ur temliḥ ara temdint n yigerbiyen. Meɛna
acu ilaq ad nẓer ɣef wannect-a n lḥif n yixxamen ad d-
nernu wid iḥekmen ur necliε ara deg wayagi. Gar wayen i
d-zureɣ walaɣ adewwar n Balwa tama n Tizi-Uzzu. Walaɣ
ayen ẓriɣ mkul amkan. Akk tizulixin leḥḥunt deg
yizenqan. Akk tizulixin nnejmaεent ɣer yiwen n yiɣzer
iteddun di tlemmast n uzniq. D ayen yerran akk izenqan d
izulixen ideg teddun leεfuniyyat ur yeqbil leεqel : d
tiyuzaḍ yemmuten d yimqerqar yeblujgen. Ass-nni ideg
ruḥeɣ ar Balwa walaɣ tlata neɣ rebεa warrac ttlaεaben deg
uzniq, ttnalen s yiḍudan nsen amqerqur yemmuten daxel
n leεfuniyya ur iqebbel lxaṭer. Deg yiwetn teksart,
izulixen-nni subben-d am wasif nnejmaεen-d ččuren d
tizit. Akal-nni ideg subben yebda aseyyex, qrib ad yawi
- 47 -
ixxamen iqerben yellan di εecra, ad ruḥen s yimdanen
nsen ad ɣerqen. Ayagi yeεna akk Tamurt n Leqbayel, ur
ttwaxedment ara tzulixin akken ilaq, wama lkabinat ulac
maḍi. D iberdan n tudrin i yuɣalen d lkabinat.
Di taddart n El-Flay izad wi izaden. Iberdan akk d azulix,
nnejmaεen-d ar ubrid alemmas yuɣalen d asif n uzulix n
snat lmitrat di tehri, yuččuren d leεfuniyya leεmer walaɣ
di ddunit-iw. Di lḥala yecban tagi, Leqbayel ttεicin
“normal”. Yerna ddunit nsen teččur d lḥanna d ssadaqa. D
ayen ḥusseɣ mi d-zureɣ Tawrirt Meqqren di Fort-National
deg yicuqqar n udrar. Netteddu deg tezniqin gar
yixxamen n uẓru d talext, d yiḥelyiwen, igenni yebra-d i
uzɣal qessḥen ɣef yiberdan ideg d-tettali lfuḥa n uzulix d
leεfuniyya. Di mkul amnar n uxxam ad k-id-tqabel rriḥa n
lmal d ddexxan. Di kul iberdan yerɣan seg yiṭij, d izulixen
ttazzalen d warrac la leεεben d igelfan, arrac s yijerbuben,
umliḥen n wallen : di tekwatin n yixxamen, ssut n tlawin
yettali-d am ssut n tyuzaḍ, ttεeddayent s yisugam n
waman. Tikwal ttwaliɣ tirekkabin n wuzzal d sellumat ur
iban ansi i d-kkan, yeεlulqen i ubeḥri.
Nniɣ-as belli tameddurt dagi ur txulef ara tin n Fransa neɣ
Lyunan. Meɛna tlaq tgella, laqen waman, laqen yiberdan.
- 48 -
Abrid d waman
Dagi ad d-iniɣ aɣbel ameqqran n Tmurt n Leqbayel
yettabaεen tamezduɣt-is. Mačči d lmuḥal ma nniɣ-d belli
Tamurt n Leqbayel ɣas ma teččur d adfel, d iɣezran, d
tamurt n ffad. Tlata ɣef rebεa n tudrin ttagment s nebεid
iεedda akilumitr. Ula d taqrart n Burǧ Mnayel yesεan
tεedda meyya yixxamen, tesεa kan tlata tliwa. “deg
unebdu, teḍra yid-neɣ am yifrax n sseḥra”, i d- yeḥka
yiwen n umezdaɣ. Akka yerna mačči d nitni i d ineggura.
Ula d yiwen n udewwar n Burǧ Mnayel ur yesεi aman. Di
kra n yidewwaren n Tizi-uzzu tessen lɣaci di tmedwin n
lmal. Di Σedni tilawin ttagment-d s lbeεd iεeddan yiwen n
ukilumitr. Di Micli, imezdaɣ n taddart Taḥeccaṭ, deg
udewwar Agudal, leḥḥun snat sswayeε d nnefs i wakken
ad awḍen ɣer lεinser. Tudrin n Temiguṭ, Tililit, Awrir,
Wad Slil leḥḥun nnefs n ssaεa akken ad d-agmen.
Imezdaɣ n At Kuku leḥḥun sebεa kilumitr akken ad d-
agmen. Deg umḍiq n Mayu tawla i d-tettak tizit texdem
axessar di Bni Mensur anda imezdaɣ tessen aman n wasif
d ugelmim. Гer ṭṭerf nsen, di Tḥeccaṭ, imezdaɣ qqazen
imerjan di lqaεa akken ad d-jemεen aman n ugeffur. Am
di Sidi Σic daɣen. Deg udewwar n Tmeẓrit imezdaɣ
ttawin-d aman azal n nnefs n ssaεa s lbeεd seg yimerjan
yumsen. Di El-Flay tilawin ttganint iḍ kamel nnuba nsent i
waman akken ad tent-id-tsaḥ tafejrit d timezwura.
- 49 -
Ayen yeεnan iberdan, meḍrur am wayen yeεnan aman.
Tilemmasin n tɣiwant sεant. Meɛna akk tudrin xussent
iberdan n ukerrus. Di Burǧ Mnayel ala adewwar n Wad
Smir i yesεan abrid, wiyaḍ akk ulac. Azal n yiwen
ukilumitr akk i d-yezzin i Tizi-Uzzu, tudrin ttwaεezlent.
Deg Yiwaḍiyen, ɣef tesεa tudrin yiwet kan i yesεan abrid.
Di tɣiwant n Sidi Σic, di 56 n tudrin 10 kan i yesεan abrid.
Azal n waya i yellan deg umḍiq n Mayu, Meqleε, Delles.
D ayen yis ara xetmeɣ deg umḍiq n Sidi Σic llant tlawin
leεmer i d-ruḥent ɣer tɣiwant di ddunit nsent, leεmer
walant ṭumubil, ayagi ad d-smektiɣ belli aql-aɣ di 1939.
Xussen aman, xussen iberdan, ttwaεezlen deg yiεecciwen
nsen, Leqbayel ṭṭalaben akk ayagi ixussen. Xaṭer ma yella
uggdud yeḥwaǧen tamezduɣt iwennεen d Leqbayel.
Akken ad tamnem ruḥet ad ttwalim tudrin ɣef ubrid am
Yiεezzuzen d Tmazirt ɣef ubrid aɣelnaw. Aṭas yiselmaden
d yixeddamen n ddewla d Yiqbayliyen zedɣen din.
Nwala-ten kan bɣan ad gerrzen ixxamen nsen, ad εicen
zeddigit.
Ilaq-aneɣ ad nεiwen agdud aqbayli ɣef wayen yessaram
di temεict iwennεen. Walaɣ di Burǧ Mnayel yiwen n lḥay
i xedmen i lfayda n yimezdaɣ d ayen yelhan. D ixxamen n
snat texxamin kerrun Leqbayel 40 frank i waggur. Meɛna
ɣas akka yettban-aɣ-d ur bezzaf ara, lekra-agi ɣlay aṭas,
xaṭer kullec iteddu ɣef leḥsab n tjernaḍin.
- 50 -
Nnan-aɣ-d belli laqen waṭas n yidrimen akken ad gerrzen
yiberdan d waman. Гef wayagi ur ttɣawaleɣ ara ad
xetmeɣ. Ad d-iniɣ kan belli tlaq yiwet n tsertit i unegmu n
Tmurt n Leqbayel imi nebɣa ad as-nini belli d tamurt nneɣ
i waya ilaq ad ngerrez lexlas, d tmezduɣt d wayen nniḍen.
Meɛna akken ad qqimeɣ di lmuḍuε inu, ad d-smektiɣ belli
yella di Micli lεinser izemren ad ikafi rebεa tudrin, ayagi
d lmital; deg At Yani s lemεawna n Yirumiyen wwḍen-d
waman ɣer taddart; di Port-Guidon imqeddem n ddewla
yebna-asen 17 n tliwa deg udrar. Ccɣel yella s waṭas, ilaq
ad netbeε ttejriba. Ad d-iniɣ kan ad xetmeɣ aqelleb inu
acu ilaqen d lḥell i lexsas-agi yeεnan tamezduɣt akken ad
ttun Leqbayel aluḍ d yizulixen nsen.
- 51 -
Alger Républicain
10 juin 1939
- VI -
Lemεawna
“Yiwen n umejjay i 6000 yimezdaɣen”
Waqila mebla ma nniɣ-d akken ad bduɣ, belli agdud ur
nesεi aman d wayen yettabaεen tezdeg, d lmuḥal ad d-yili
d agdud iseḥḥan. Ma yella aygi yettuɣaḍ lḥal fell-as,
yuttuɣaḍ xaṭer mi ara teẓreḍ belli agdud-agi yettεicin di
lḥif yezdeɣ tamurt imelḥen di ddunit. Mebla ma nniɣ-d
belli lexsas usiweḍ n lexber mačči d ayen ara iεiwnen
ccɣel n ṭebbat d wid iqeddcen yid-sen. Mi ad d- nini snat-
agi n nneqṭat ad as-nernu lexsas ṭebbat, ad d-iniɣ amek
ttwaliɣ lecɣal ɣef wayen yeεnan lemεawna. Imi leqdic-agi
yeḥwaǧ leḥsab ilaqen, a-t-an leḥsab-iw s ttfasil.
Akken ad nwali amek tella lḥala, ilaq ad nẓer belli Tamurt
n Laqbayel tesεa azal n yiwen n ṭṭbib i 60000 yimezdaɣ.
Ayagi d ttmesxir. Leḥsab i d-ibanen d tmesxir mi ara nẓer
belli tεedda nnefs n yimezdaɣ ibeεden mliḥ ɣef wanda
yettili ṭṭbib, acḥal n sswayeε n tikli. Amek ara xedmen
yimejjayen ɣas ulukan d wid yelhan. Kul mi ara yili lehlak
ineṭṭḍen, yiwet kan n tsertit i yellan : Ǧǧet lḥal akken.
- 52 -
Ma tεerḍeḍ akken nniḍen ad texnez ddunit akter. Amḍiq
n Burǧ Mnayel ur yesεi ara ṭṭbib di tɣiwant. Llan sin n
ṭṭebbat s lexlas, d yiwet n tefremlit i wazal n 25000
yimezdaɣ. Tafremlit-nni tleḥḥu-d ɣef uɣyul. Tikwal
tleḥḥu azal n 38 kilumitr ɣer umuḍin.
Tizi-Uzzu tesεa yiwen n ṭṭbib n tɣiwant i wazal n 45000 n
lerwaḥ. Meɛna ulac tafremlit. D ayen yessawḍen ssbiṭer
ad yettxellis azal n 50000 frank i useggas. Lexsas-agi yella
daɣen deg udewwar n Balwa ideg neḥseb azal n 7 lerwaḥ i
yettlalen di ddurt. D ayen yessawḍen asiwel i ṭṭbib s lexlas
rnu-as lqibla. Ayagi mačči menwala i as-izemren. Yenna-
iyi-d yiwen n uẓawali belli yettwalas azal n 600 n frank
ideg ur ixelles acemma.
D ayen yessawḍen kra n yimdanen ad d-gren iman nsen.
D akken ccix Rolland yettεawan ṭṭbib Saussol ttdawin deg
uxxam nsen azal n nnefs n wass i ddurt. Lehlak n wallen
yeṭṭuqten deg uẓɣal, ayagi baṭel. Meɛna ur ḥyan ara,
dakken ttɣimin-d azal n 100 yimuḍan ur asen-d-tsaḥ ara
nnuba tameddit n wass. Akken ad d-iniɣ taɣiwant n Tizi-
Uzzu tεawen di ccɣel-agi s wazal n 125 frank akken ad d-
tefk aman baṭel.
Taɣiwant n Fort-National tesεa kan yiwet n tefremlit i d-
ileḥḥun akked yiwen yettεawanen amejjay. Imrabḍen n
Urumi akked wid yewεan ttεawanen akken zemren. Deg
udewwar n Bni Xlili i d-yezgan 40 kilumirt si Fort-
- 53 -
National, ur iruḥ ara ɣur-sen umejjay 15 n ssna aya. Ilindi
ḍelben ad ten-cidden ɣer umḍiq yesεan amejjay di
Meqleε. Iɣerbazen d ayen leεmer i ten-id-izur umejjay, sliɣ
sɣur yiwen yettseṭṭilen, yeḥka-iyi-d belli yiwet n εemti-s
terba-d mebla amejjay yuɣal temmut nettat d llufan-is deg
yiwet n ccedda ur nesεi isem.
Taddart n Σedni ur twala ara tafremlit azal n tlata
yiseggasen d nnefs. Kul ma iruḥ umejjay ɣer din ilaq
lexlas n 80 frank. Ur as-ssawalen ara lɣaci. Yerna deg
unebdu yettili aṭas lehlak n warrac ineqqen tesεa warrac
ɣef εecra gar wid yesεan seg useggas ar xemsa. Di Micli
90000 yimezdaɣ yella kan yiwen n umejjay n Urumi d
yiwet n tefremlit d yiwen n umεawen n umejjay. Seg
wakken yeqwa lɣaci, amejjay-nni yeḍleb tlata tefremliyin
d tlata yimεawnen, d ayen ur d-qbilen ara. D tafremlit-nni
i yuɣalen tettεawan lɣaci si lǧib-is. Yerna taɣiwant n Micli
tettserrif kul aseggas 400000 frank i lemεawna. Meɛna
ṭṭaqa n udrim-agi yettwaserref i yimuḍan yettɣimin di
ssbiṭer. S wannect-a umesruf nezmer kul aseggas ad
nebnu di mkul adewwar amkan n ulawi s lεejlan, ad
nernu ad nefk i tɣiwant ttawil ameqqran di εecra snin.
Deg Yiwaḍiyen ideg yeqwa lehlak n tizit, ttabaεen amḍiq
n Buɣni deg ulawi yesεan azal n settin alef yimezdaɣ, ɣur-
sen yiwen n umejjay arumi, tafremlit, d yiwen n umεiwen
n ṭṭbib. Deg Yiwaḍiyen ur neẓri ara ayen kksen amkan n
lxedma i tefremlit. Di tɣiwant n Mayu yella yiwen n
umejjay i 30000 yimezdaɣ, rnu-as yiwet n tefremlit d
- 54 -
yiwen n umεiwen. Meɛna tezga teččur ssbiṭer-agi. Deg
yiseggasen 1936, 1937, 1938, tlata tterkat i iεeddan yenɣan
gar 80 ar 100 lerwaḥ i yiwet.
Di tɣiwant n Sidi Σic yesεan 120 lerwaḥ, yella kan yiwen n
umejjay d tefremlit d yiwen n umεiwen. Mi ad d-ruḥen
yimezdaɣ n El-Flay ad lawin ttxellisen 100 frank mi ara
ten-izur ṭṭbib s axxam. Taswiεt kif kif akk di Tmurt n
Leqbayel, akk tiɣiwanin bḥal Delles, Tigzirt. Di teswiεt-agi
ideg ttaruɣ imeslayen-agi, taddart n Tqubεin yellan tama
n Tegzirt tečča-tt tterka yenɣan 40 lerwaḥ. Armi mmuten
wis 40 i yuzen ccambiṭ i wid teεna temsalt. Tterka
tettkemmil ccɣel-is.
Kul 100 Leqbayel ad d-ilalen 50 ttmettaten
Nezmer ma yella nebɣa ad d-newsef leḥsab-agi i d-nenna
ɣef wayen yeεnan tamejjayt. Meɛna axir ad d-ddmeɣ
lemtel n tɣiwant n Sumam akken ad twalim. Tesεa nniɣ-t-
id yakan 15000 yimezdaɣ. Kul aseggas, di tlemmast,
ttlalen-d 4562 n llufanat ideg ttmettaten, di tlemmast, 613
n llufanat yesεan seg yiwwas ar yiwen n useggas;
ttmettaten 756 n useggas ar εecra snin; 99 n yilemẓiyen si
εecra snin ar 20 ssna ; 882 n wid izaden 20 ssna. Ilaq ad d-
iniɣ belli aṭas n llufanat ur newwiḍ ara aseggas
yettmettaten ur llin ara ttwamerkin di tɣiwant. Meɛna ɣas
- 55 -
mebla ayagi leḥsab yessaweḍ 2350 n lmuta i useggas. D
ayen yessawḍen 50% n lmut ar tlalit.
Yiwen wugur
Ur walaɣ ara acu ara d-rnuɣ i wannect-a n lewsayef i
Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ad yelhu ma nenna-d acu nmenna ad
iseggem. Ur teffreɣ ara uguren n yimejjayen d waṭas n
lexsas n Tmurt n Leqbayeli wumi ilaq lḥell ɣef wayen
yeεnan sseḥḥa. Meɛna ugur n yiberdan i ulac zwaren
lqella n ṭṭebbat i wumi ilaq ubrid (i wumi ilaq ubrid). Ur
nessawal ara i yimejjayen ma llan waman, zeddigit lḥala,
yekkes llaẓ, dayen i ḥwaǧen yimezdaɣ-agi yeεran ɣas ma
yella tamurt nsen d ayen izaden di twannaḍt. Yerna ma
llan yidrimen amejjay ad d-iruḥ di lawan. Uguren-agi
mcudden wa ar wa : win n sseḥḥa yetbeε-it ubrid d
waman, d lbaṭala d tjernaḍin. D iɣeblan-agi merra i
iceɣben Tamurt n Leqbayel i ilaq ad nekkes akken ad
twenneε tmeddurt n umdan ; ayagi s ubeddel n tmuɣli ɣef
wayen yeεnan tadamsa. Ma nessaweḍ ar waya, ad yekkes
lḥif, ad yuɣal ur nettwali ara deg yiberdan yeččuren d
ijeǧǧigen n Tmurt n Leqbayel lḥif aberkan deg wallen n
yimezdaɣ yessawalen i lmut.
- 56 -
Alger Républicain
11 juin 1939
- VII -
Leqraya
Leqsur di lxali
Ffad n Uqbayli i uḥfaḍ d lbenna ines i leqraya d ayen
mechuren s waṭas, zzyada ɣef lefhama ines, Aqbayli yeẓra
lfayda n uɣerbaz akken ad yecbu wid iteddun ɣer zdat.
Mačči d ayen ixussen d teswiεt-agi menwala n tudrin
fkant-d axxam, adrim neɣ ddraε nsent akken ad d-sfaydin
s uɣerbaz. Ṭṭaqa d ayen i d-teqbel ddewla mačči kan
iɣerbazen n warrac. Ulac amḍiq n Tmurt n Leqbayel ideg
ur iyi-d-ḍliben ara imezdaɣ-is s lḥrara ad sεun aɣerbaz i
teḥdayin, d ayen ass-agi yesεan akk inelmaden.
Cwiṭ n umezruy ɣef leqraya n Leqbayel
Yerna d ayen yeεnan ugur n leqraya di Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Tamurt-agi txuss iɣerbazen. Xas ma yella ur xussen ara
yidrimen i leqraya. D ayen ara d-sfehmeɣ ɣer zdat. Bɣiɣ
εecra yiɣerbazen mucaεen, yettwabnan melmukan, ṭṭaqa n
yiɣerbazen ttwabnan leǧwayeh n 1892.
- 57 -
Si 1892 ar 1912 lebni n yiɣerbazen yeḥbes maḍi. Di lweqt-
nni asenfar Joly Jean-Marie yeεna lebni n yiɣerbazen s
wazal n 5000 frank. Leḥkem ameqqran Lutaud, ass n 7
furar 1914 inebbeh-d ɣef lebni di tmurt n Lezzayer n 62
yiɣerbazen, azal n 22 yiɣerbazen i useggas. Lukan i
yettwaxdem nnefs n usenfar-agi, 900000 n warrac-agi
mebla llakul ad yili qqaren akk.
Гef sebbat ur bɣiɣ ara ad ɣzeɣ, asenfar-agi n lebni n
llakulat ur yettwaxdem ara. D ayen yeǧǧan ass-a tis εecra
kan n yigerdan n Leqbayel yewwḍen i llakul la qqaren.
Ad d-nini belli lkulun ur yexdimen acemma ɣef ayagi ?
Ugur-agi yewεer. Deg wawal-is aneggaru i lεamma, mass
Le Beau yenna-d belli ayen din n yimelyunen i
yettwaserrfen i leqraya n warrac n Leqbayel, meɛna ɣef
leḥsab ara wen-d-fkeɣ tura, d ayen ad d-ibeyynen belli
ulac ayen ibeddlen ala cwiṭ maḍi. Yeqqim-d d acu xedmen
s yimelyunen-agi yettwaserfen, amek ttwaḍeyyεen, d
ayen ara εerḍeɣ ad d-sfehmeɣ. Meɛna ad nwali qbel lḥala
amek tella.
Arrac deg yiɣerbazen
Am wakken ilaq ad tili temsalt, ayen yettabaεen imukan n
ddewla, kullec igerrez. Meɛna acu i aɣ-iceɣben dagi d
ayen yeεnan agdud n Leqbayel s umata di tudrin nsen.
- 58 -
Yerna nezmer ad d-nini belli Tizi-Uzzu, yesεan aɣerbaz
yelhan i lfayda n Leqbayel n wazal n 600 yimukan, yettagi
azal n 500 i useggas.
Deg yiwen n uɣerbaz n Umalus, walaɣ s wallen-iw lecyax
ugin i wazal n εecra yinelmaden ad kecmen ɣer llakul. Mi
ara nẓer belli mkul taneɣrit s zzyada n waṭas yinelmaden,
yettawḍen ar 60 neɣ 80.
Deg At Dwala, nezmer ad nwala teneɣrit yesεan 86
yinelmaden sneṭḍen di mkul takwat, llan wid ittebdaden.
Di Lǧemεa N Sariǧ, yella yiwen n uɣerbaz acekk-it yesεan
250 yimukan yugin ad d-ṭṭfen 50 n warrac di Octobre.
Aɣerbaz n Σedni yesεan 160 n warrac, ḍeggren εecra d
zzyada ɣef wid ssufɣen xaṭer sεan s-nnig 13 n ssna.
Гef tmura i d-idewwren i Micli, lḥala ma tesmeḥ-iyi ad d-
iniɣ tesɣaray axaṭer. Deg udewwar n Aguedal yesεan
11000 lerwaḥ yella kan yiwen n uɣerbaz yesεan snat n
tneɣritin. Adewwar n Ittomagh yesεan 10000 yimezdaɣ ur
yesεi ara maḍi. Deg At Wasif, aɣerbaz n Bu-
Σebderreḥman yugi azal n 100 warrac.
Aql-aɣ di sin yiseggasen, taddart n At Σilem tefka-d
axxam akken ad ɣren deg-s, ixus kan uselmad.
Deg umḍiq n Sidi Σic, di taddart n Ssuq Aqdim, ɣef 200 i
d-iqeddmen iman nsen di Octobre, ṭṭfen kan xmesṭac.
- 59 -
Deg udewwar Ikedjane yesεan 15000 yimezdaɣ, yesεa kan
yiwen n uɣerbaz. Deg udewwar n Tmeẓrit yesεan kif kif
yimezdaɣ, yesεa kan yiwen n uɣerbaz d yiwet n tneɣrit.
Adewwar n Iḥeǧǧaǧen yesεan 5000 yimezdaɣ, ulac maḍi
aɣerbaz. Adewwar n Aẓru N Beccar (6000 yimezdaɣ), ulac
aɣerbaz.
Azal n 80% n warrac n umḍiq-agi ur qqaren ara,
ttwaḥerrmen seg uɣerbaz. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ, azal n
10000 n warrac deg umḍiq-agi ttwaḍeyyεen i waluḍ d
uzulix.
Гef wayen yeεnan taɣiwant n Mayu, sεiɣ dagi s-ddaw
wallen-iw leḥsab n yiɣerbazen n udewwar ɣef mkul
amdan. Meɛna leḥsab-agi ur yesεi ara lmeεna. Ad nẓer
kan belli i 30000 n Yiqbayliyen, tamnaḍt-agi tesεa kan
tesεa n tneɣriyin. Deg umḍiq n Delles, adewwar n Beni-
Sliem i d-nniɣ yakan d igellil s waṭas, yesεa 9000
yimezdaɣ ulac akk aɣerbaz.
Ma d iɣerbazen n tullas, tesεa yidewwaren ɣef εecra ur
sεin ara. Meɛna ayagi yesεa lmesuliyya nniḍen. Ayen kan
ad d-nin ɣef wayen yeεnan leqraya, d ayen bɣan s waṭas
Leqbayel.
Ulac ayen yettuɣaḍen am Leqbayel msakit yeẓran
lmenfiεa n leqraya, bɣan ad ɣrent ula d tilawin nsen.
Walan belli ula d lmufahama d tlawin si leqraya ara d-
- 60 -
tekk.“ Fket-aneɣ llakulat i teḥdayin nneɣ, ma ulac syin-a
ara d-tebdu lemgarda d ccwal.
Aɣbel ur nesεi tawwurt
Ad d-nini belli ur nexdim acemma i leqraya n Leqbayel ?
Ayagi d lεeks. Nebna iɣerbazen ifazen, azal n εecra ad d-
yeḍḥu. Mkul yiwen yesqam-d azal n 700000 ar amelyun n
frank. Wid imelḥen s waṭas d wid n Lǧemεa N Sariǧ, n
Tizi-Raced, N Tizi- Uzzu, n Timlilit. Meɛna iɣerbazen-agi
zgan ččuren, ttagin arrac. Yerna mačči d ayen ḥwaǧen deg
umḍiq-nni i sɣaren.
Tamurt n Leqbayel ur teḥwaǧ ara leqsur, teḥwaǧ
iɣerbazen iwennεen. Ad d-iniɣ, yerna lecyax akk lan yid-i,
mačči d ixxamen ireqmen i bɣan, meɛna wid kan
iwennεen. Ẓriɣ d wigad iḥemmlen ccɣel nsen s waṭas,
axir-asen llakul n zzyada wala rrqem ur nesεi ara lmeεna.
Azamul n tsertit-agi tuεwijt d ayen walaɣ deg ubrid n
Port-Guidon, mi nezger deg umḍiq n Uɣrib akal ixussen
aṭas deg wakal n Leqbayel. Acu imelḥen dinna siwa
tamuɣli n lebḥer i d-ittbanen si tqacuct n udrar. Di
tlemmast n tafat yeččuren d zzhir, d wakl n uẓru ur
nemεin i tfellaḥt yemɣin d uzzu d tidekt, akal ur tqeṭṭeε
tiṭ. Di tlemmast nsseḥra-agi, ur nesεi amdan i bana
aɣerbaz n Uɣrib am wayen ur nesεi lmeεna.
- 61 -
Ttwaḥettmeɣ dagi akken ad d-iniɣ akk ayen ttxemmimeɣ.
Ur ẓriɣ ara acu ara nxemmem ɣef wawal-agi iyi-d-yenna
yiwen n Uqbayli “Ilaq-aneɣ s wannect-a n udrim ad
nexdem cwiṭ kan n yiɣerbazen, d aya i bɣan wid
iḥekmen”. Meɛna, icebba-iyi Rebbi belli aygi ayagi
bennun n llakulat, xeddmen akken ad ten-walin bnan d
ayagi. Ur bnin ara iɣerbazen i lmenfiεa n ugdud Aqbayli.
Semḥet-iyi mi rfiɣ akka deg wawal-iw, d tikkelt
tamezwarut di ccɣel-iw aɣmis xaṭer tasertit am tagi diri-tt
aṭas. Xaṭer ma tella kra n cciεa mačči d tinn lekdeb, ilaq ad
tili d tin yersen ɣef tidet, lehna, tagmat.
Гef wayen yettwaserrfen i yiwet n llakul yecban leqser,
nezmer ad nebnu talata yiɣerbazen yessren, d ayen ara
ijemεen igerdan-agi yettwaḍeyyεen mkul aseggas. Steqsaɣ
acḥal yeswa uɣerbaz imeεnen mebla ma ifaz aṭas, ara
yesεun snat n tneɣriyin, snat n tmezduɣin i yiselmaden.
Ad d-tesqam azal n 20000 frank. D ayen iyes ara nebnu
tlata n llakulat s yiwen-agi n lbenyan n llakul-n-leqsur ! D
tasertit ad metleɣ ar win ad yefken tapupit n 1000 frank i
ugrud yelluẓen ur nečči ara tlata wussan.
Leḥyuḍ ilaq ad yettwaɣeḍlen
Leqbayel ṭṭalaben iɣerbazen akken ṭṭalaben aɣrum. Meɛna
ẓriɣ belli aɣbel n leqraya ilaq ayen ad t-yekksen seg
yiẓuran. D ayen iyi-d-nnan akk Leqbayel akked
mmeslayeɣ. Leqbayel ad sεun aṭas yiɣerbazen asmi ara
- 62 -
nekkes tilisa-agi nerra deg ufus nneɣ gar leqraya n warrac
n Lurup d wid n ugdud azzayri, assmi ara qqimen wa
tama n wa deg yiwen uɣerbaz warrac n sin-agi yigduden,
ad msefhamen, ad myussanen.
Ẓriɣ mačči d ayen isehlen ɣef wayen yeεnan lqedra n
leqra, meɛna ur ilaq ara ad nḥess i wid yessefcalen, nitni
ẓran nnfeε nsen. Гef wayen qqaren ad nerr agdud-agi am
win n Urumi, ilaq i waya ad as-nefk i ugdud-agi ccerf
akken ad yili d arumi, ur ilaq ara ad t-neεzel seg
Yirumiyen. Ma yella fehmeɣ mliḥ, d ayagi i d- yeṭṭalab.
Гef wayen ḥesseɣ imir-n ara tebdu lmeεrifa gar sin
yigduden. Nniɣ “ad tebdu” xaṭer ar tura mazal ur tebdi
ara, d ayen ideg ɣelḍen yirgazen n tsertit nneɣ. Гef
wakken walaɣ, yerna d ayen isehlen i waya : ilaq-aneɣ kan
ad asen-nmudd afus nneɣ s tidet. Meɛna d nekkni i ilaqen
ad neɣḍel leḥyuḍ-agi i aɣ-iferqen.
Ayen izaden (P.S). Iḍelli nefka-d di leḥsab imejjayen tesεa
Tmurt n Leqbayel yiwen n leḥsab ur yeɣliḍ ara. Taɣiwant
n Ssumam tesεa 125000 n lerwaḥ, tesεa mačči yiwen n
umejjay d yiwet n tefremlit, meɛna sin yimejjayen d snat
tefremliyin.
- 63 -
- VIII -
Sin wudmawen n tdamsit n Tmurt n Leqbayel:
Lḥirfat n ccɣel n ufus akked rriba
Rriba yewwḍen 110 ɣef meyya
Akken ad xetmeɣ ayen uriɣ ɣef lḥala n Tmurt n Leqbayel,
uqbel ad εeddiɣ ɣer wayen nessarem ad ibeddel akken ad
tgerrez teswiεt ɣef ugdud n Leqbayel, akken ad yekkes
lḥif i tmurt, ilaq ad ttwakksen aṭas n wuguren icudden ar
waya ass-a.
Mačči d ayen zemreɣ ad d-εnuɣ s ttfasil ɣef yiɣeblan n
lɣerba d tmeṭṭut n Leqbayel amek tetteddu, lbaṭel n
tjernaḍin d lemxalfa n lexlas gar Urumi d Uzzayri, meɛna
uqbel ad fkeɣ lεeqleyya-aw ɣef wayen yeεnan tasertit,
tadamsa d yiɣeblan n lεamma ar wussan i d-iteddun, bɣiɣ
ad d-mmeslayeɣ ɣef sin wuguren ḍruran mliḥ, lḥirfat n
ccɣel n ufus akked rriba. D ayen ilaqen akken ad tseggem
tdamsa n tmurt, ayagi d ayen saramen akk Leqbayel.
Aɣbel n lḥirfa n ccɣel n ufus
Ma yella d tidet belli Tamurt n Leqbayel mačči d tin
yesεan ssenεa taεesrit, d ayen i d-texlef s lxedmat n lḥirfat
n ufus. Fiḥel ma smektiɣ-d lḥirfat yeεnan nnqec n usɣar
- 64 -
ifazen d wayen yeεnan ageṭṭum n tqecwalin, d ufexxar
izeynen s uberkan ɣef uzeggaɣ. Afexxar senεen di
Tewrirt-Meqqran, nnqec n usɣar n Lǧemεa N Sariǧ, lfeṭṭa
n Tewrirt Mimun d tidak mucaεen.
Meɛna imussnawen n lḥirfat-agi ttmagaren aṭas n
yiɣeblan ɣas ayagi iḥuza akk ixeddamen i ten-yecban,
nitni akter. Ccɣel n lḥirfat yettwaḥesben d llsas n taqafa n
tmurt yettwaxdem s wul, d ayen yettwabeddlen s lxedma
n lluzinat. D ayen iḍerrun aṭas. Wid yeṭṭfen di ccɣel nsen
aqdim akken i d-ǧǧan lejdud, imi wiyaḍ ssufuɣen-d akter.
Ayagi ad t-nernu ɣer wid yettaɣen ɣur-sen snuzun di
Lezzayer ttawin aṭas n lfayda. Di lemtel ttaɣen tasenduqt
30 frank snuzun-tt 80 n frank, d ayen yessawḍen iḥirfiyen
ad d-ssufuɣen aṭas akken ad rebḥen cwiṭ, meɛna ṭṭfen di
ccɣel nsen. Acu yettuɣaḍen, imussnawen-agi ur ttrun ara
ɣef tikerḍa i ttwakren meɛna ɣef ccɣel nsen i wumi yeɣli
wazal.
Yiwen uḥirfaw n nnqec n usɣar n Lǧemεa N Sariǧ
yeccetka-iyi-d ɣef yirfiqen-is ur nezmir ara ad qernen s
lxedma wid yesεan timacinin ssexdamen anda nniḍen.
“Akken ad εiceɣ, i d-yenna yiwen, ilaq lxedma ifesden,
kul mi ad d-naf ssifa tajdidt, wid yesεan timacinin,
zewwiren-aɣ s lxedma”.
Yettuɣaḍ lḥal aṭas imi agerruj am wagi n lxedma n tmurt
la yettruḥu. Mebla ma nenna-d ɣef wiyaḍ i d-ixelqen
lḥirfat n ufus ifeclen aṭas imi ur ssawḍen ara i temεict
- 65 -
iwatan, ayen i d-ixelqen rrezq, la as-yettruḥu i Tmurt n
Leqbayel. Sḥab n lḥirfa i steqsaɣ ṭalaben yiwen n nniḍam
si ddewla ara iḥarben ɣef ccɣel nsen d lfayda uklalen imi
neẓra azal ameqqran n lxedma n ufus yifen tin n tmacinin.
D lḥell-agi i la ttraǧun akken ad d-yerr azal i ccɣel nsen
xeddmen seg wul. L’O.F.A.L.A.C. ddiwan yeεnan
nniḍam-agi yefka-d acu ilaqen yelha i kul ayen ad yenzen
am yiniɣman d wayen nniḍen. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ, ilaq ad
nḥareb ɣef wayen i d-yexleq umdan s ccɣel-is, ad as-neg
azal akken irgazen ad sεun azal d lḥerma n ddunit.
Rriba
Xas mebla ma εeṭṭleɣ, d lwajeb ad d-iniɣ lemḍerra
tameqqrant n rriba. Nenna-t-id nεawed-as-d : rriba d tifidi
n Tmurt n Leqbayel. Afellaḥ aqbayli d netta meskin i
tettaṭṭaf teswiεt. Wid yessexdamen rriba ur sεin ara
ccafuεa, llan si ttejjar, seg yixeddamen n ddewla n
tɣiwanin. Ẓran belli win ad yawḍen ɣur-sen yekker-as lḥif
ameqqran. Nwala di tamaḍt n Tizi-Uzzu ifellaḥen
yessenzen lɣella nsen n uzemmur akken ad d-aɣen irden.
Lɣella ssenzen 30 frank i uqenṭar, ma neẓra belli ilindi
tenza 120 frank. Di kra n yidewwaren n Micli am At yeḥya
matalen, yewweḍ ureṭṭal 50, 75, ar 110 af 100. I Ureṭṭal n
1000 frank ruḥen yiεerqab n 10000 frank. Di El-Flay, rriba
tewweḍ 15 % i waggur. Deg Uqbu yiwen n ufellaḥ yuɣal d
aεeṭṭar, reḍlen-as 3000 frank yessawḍen 10000 frank,
- 66 -
yettwaḥettem ad yessenz akk rrzeq-is. Kra-yagi n lemtul i
d-ddmeɣ mebla ma xtareɣ beyynen-d lḥala tamcumt i d-
texleq rriba di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Yerna i lmend n twaɣit-
agi i d-xelqen asenduq n lemεawna n ureṭṭal. Meɛna
asenduq-agi ur yelhi ara akken iwata. Mačči d ayen ara d-
ḥkuɣ ɣef lewεara n ccɣel akken ad k-id-isaḥ ureṭṭal, ɣas
ma yella telliḍ meḍrureḍ s waṭas. Lemεawna-agi ur
tewwiḍ ara wid ilaqen : terna i wid yesεan, neɣ teskuffet
lfayda n snat n lbankat n Tizi-Uzzu. Qrib amelyun n frank
i yellan di ccɣel-agi. Deg yisem lemεawna ad treḥ ɣer
yifellaḥen, meɛna tadrimt-nni tettezzi i lfayda n lbankat.
Ur tessdeɣ ara awal ɣef ccɣel-agi ma ilaq
ad d-uɣaleɣ ɣur-s.
Meɛna ilaq ad neḥsu belli neddawar mebla lmeεna.
Ifellaḥen s lemεawna nsen n udrim xelqen asenduq n
ureṭṭal i gemnen ad ten-iεiwen akken ad menεen i rriba.
Meɛna asenduq-agi ur yettεawan ara areṭṭal amecṭuḥ
yeḥwaǧ ufellaḥ. D ayen yessawḍen afellaḥ ad d-yerḍel si
lbanka neɣ ad d-inadi bu-rriba. Lfayda tezga teddawar ar
lbanka d bu-rriba.
D ayen idumen acḥal yiseggasen di Tmurt n Leqbayel, lḥif
irennu i lḥif.
Kfiɣ ass-agi ayen bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ ɣef lḥif n ddunit walaɣ s
wallen-iw, yeqqim-iyi-d kan ad d-fkeɣ lεeqleyya-w akken
- 67 -
ad tbeddel teswiεt s lxir i uqdud n Leqbayel. Am wayagi
akk i d-nniɣ awal-iw ur yesεi ara kra n leḥsab neɣ lɣecc.
Deg wayen ara d-yeddun di tira inu ad d-beyyneɣ belli
mačči d lḥif n Tmurt n Leqbayel iyi-iεeǧben ad d-ḥkuɣ ɣas
ma yella ḥusseɣ-as aṭas. Bɣiɣ kan ayagi i d-ḥekkuɣ ad as-
ḥessen medden akken ad ten-iɣiḍ lḥal. Ilaq ad t-nesεu di
lbal neɣ ad necfu fell-as. Lfayda n wayagi d imdanen ala
yettmettaten si ccer, d warrac ihanen. Ayen ihemmen d
izulixen d tjernaḍin n lḥif, d allen iqemcen si lehlak, d
tlawin ixussen alawi. S-nnig leḥsabat yellan, ilaq ad nwali
acu iḍerrun n lḥif di Tmurt n Leqbayel. D tidet-agi ara aɣ-
izedɣen akken ad nwali azekka s tmuɣli yelhan.
- 68 -
Alger Républicain
13 juin 1939
Tudert tasertit i nettraǧu di tɣiwanin
“Mi ad yili leḥkem n ugdud ad yekkes win n lqeyyad”
Bɣiɣ ad beyyneɣ si tura, mebla ma leεbeɣ-tt d adamsiw
mucaεen, ɣef wakken ttwaliɣ n sswab, ayen i d-iteddun di
tsertit tadamsa d ayen yeεnan agdud s umata ad nmenni i
Tmurt n Leqbayel. Aṭas i d-nniɣ ɣef lḥif n tmurt-a. Meɛna
ilaq ad nεeddi akkin i usmiṭṭew, ad d-naf acu ilaqen d
ccfa.
Ad d-iniɣ dagi lεeqleyya-w acu ttmenniɣ seg wakken
meḍruret lḥala ilaq-aneɣ ad nɣiwel aṭas s lεejlan, ad
nettixer i tmesxir. D ayen iyi-issawḍen deg wayen ad d-
iniɣ ad d-yawi ccfa yekka-d seg wayen iεeddan,
yettwajerrben neɣ ḥedrut-id di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ur
tesεiḍ d acu i d-yennulfan. D ayen i d- yesmekta yiwen n
umussnaw, di tsertit ulac win ad yawin cciεa weḥd-s. d
rreẓq n ugdud s lekmal-is n lxawa ara nnadi dagi, d ayen i
aɣ-iceɣben ara d-nqeddem.
- 69 -
Lmerkez n Umalus
Ma yella win izemren ad yexdem lxir i Uqbayli d Aqbayli
s yiman-is tlata af rebεa n Tmurt n leqbayel ttεicin s
nniḍam n tɣiwant tazewǧit d lqeyyad. Ur tettεawad ara
tmuɣli inu ɣef wayagi, d ayen ibeεden aṭas ɣef tigduda.
Nenna-d kullec ɣef teεdiyyat n nniḍam-agi. Meɛna tura
yella wamek i Leqbayel akken ad asen-d slen di tɣiwant
ɣef ccɣel i ten-yeεnan n lekwaɣeḍ.
S lqanun n 27 yebrir 1937, yiwen n urgaz n ddewla yesεan
lxir yeḍleb ad d-slen kra n yidewwaren n tɣiwanin ara
ṭṭfen warraw n tmurt s-ddaw n lqeyyada n uxeddam n
ddewla. Lemtel-agi yeḍra-d s waṭas di tmura n Waεraben
d Leqbayel. Ma yella d ayen ara d-yawin nnfeε, ayɣer ara
nebṭel ayagi. Yella lemtel yelhan aṭas i uselmed bɣiɣ ad t-
id-iniɣ. Si yennayer 1938, adewwar n Umalus i d-yezgan
tama n Fort-National, iteddu s leḥkem n udewwar-
tɣiwant s-ddaw lqeyyada n Mass Ḥeǧres. S leqdic ines
imeεnen d lefhama ines walaɣ amek iteddu udewwar,
jemεeɣ-d nnasayeḥ ɣef wayen yettwaxedmen. Adewwar n
Umalus yesεa 18 n tudrin d 1200 n lerwaḥ. Di tlemmast n
udewwar tella tɣiwant d kra n lbiruwat iqeddcen ɣef rrif.
Taɣiwant-agi texdem am tiyeḍ acu i tesεa n zzyada yerna
yelha, tessenqes tikli n waṭas d uεetteb i lɣaci. Di mayu
1938, taɣiwant-agi tessufeɣ-d azal n 517 n lekwaɣeḍ
ḥwaǧen medden. Deg useggas-nni tεiwen azal n 515 n
Leqbayel akken ad inigen.
- 70 -
S cwiṭ n udrim (200000) frank, taɣiwant-agi taṭuṭaḥt
εemren yimrecḥen Iqbayliyen, yetturecḥen sɣur Leqbayel,
tettεici aseggas d nnefs aya imezdaɣ-is mebla acetki. D
tikkelt tamenzut ideg Leqbayel sεan imrecḥen zemren ad
raqben akked ttemsefhamen.
D ayen yelhan aṭas, yesεan lqima s wazal. Mebla ccek d
ayen i d-ibanen d tejriba yelhan. Ala ayen ad d-yeḍleb d
zzyada ilaqen Mass Ḥeǧres i wumi ara nḥes xaṭer d ayen
ilaqen. Ar tura-agi, di tɣiwanin yettrecciḥen d nitni i
yettextirin aselway nsen. Meɛna lqayed mazal yesεa ddur
deg udewwar s-ddaw n rraqaba n ddewla. Ccɣel neɣ
axeddim n tlata-agi yixeddamen ur tban ara mliḥ i kul
yiwen d ayen ilaq ad d-nefreq s lḥudud.
Daɣen tejriba-agi n udewwar-tɣiwant yesεa kra n yiɣeblan
deg yiwet n lḥemla taneɣmast, ẓran awal-agi adewwar ur
yessaweḍ ara i ddur iwulmen ɣef wayen yeεnan lecɣal n
ddewla, yezmer ad yessemlil tudrin d yimdanen ur neεdil
ara tamuɣli. D ayen ara d-yawin ccwal. Ayagi n lekdeb
ilaq ad t-id-nini s lḥin deg waṭas n tikwal. Meɛna lḥala-agi
tettili-d d tikwal. Xas ma lḥemla taneɣmast tetteddu ad
tefk lfayda n tejriba-agi seg udewwar ar taddart. Xas ma
yella lfayda-agi aṭas i tt-yagin. Seg yiwet n lǧiha ṭṭaqa n
tudrin ur sεint ara ttawilat. Di lemtel llant tudrin ur nesεi
ala taslent neɣ tameɣrust yeεnan rrezq cerken lεama. Si
lǧiha nniḍen, tudrin n Leqbayel aṭas yid-sent, d ayen
- 71 -
yessawḍen ur nezmir ara afettet n tɣiwanin ad yesweεren
araqeb.
Yeqqim-d d sseḥ uεraḍ n unejmuε n tudrin yesεan
lemqarba. Meɛna afraq yekka-d s wayen yeḍran zik di
tɣiwanin timzawǧin (mixtes), d ayen yesweεren aṭas ccɣel
ilaq ad yekkes.
Lemtel n temεict taḥerrit yettwali Uqbayli
Degmi ad d-yeḍḥu ilaq aselqeq i lqanun yellan yakan
mebla ma nbeddel ayen yeεnan ccɣel n ddewla. Dagini ad
d-ddmeɣ lemtel n Mass Ḥeǧres, d ayen yelhan deg
useggem n tsertit, ur sεiɣ acu ara as-rnuɣ mi iyi-t-id-
yessefhem : d tasertit yesfan. D ayen iteddun s tidet ar
lebni n tdimuqraṭit ikemlen deg udewwar-tɣiwant ara
iferqen s leεdel. Akken ad yekkes tamuɣli n uḥwas, Mass
Ḥeǧres yeqbel ad d-yefḍeḥ akk ayen ilaqen yesfa n ccɣel.
D ayen ɣef wacu aselway yeḍleb si lǧiha-s akken tifranin
ur ttwaxdament ara s unejmuε meɛna kul taddart ad t-
tesbedd wid tebɣa. Irgazen-agi ad d-nnejmaεen imir deg
ugraw aɣelnaw ara yextiren aselway ines. Akken ad
yekkes usizzel n win ad yezwiren di tudrin. Imir-n kul
taddart ad tesεu imqeddem i kul 800 lerwaḥ. D ayen ara
yekksen ccwal gar yimdanen di tudrin. D ayen s wacu
tajmaεt n At Umalu di lemtel, ad tesεu εecrin
yimqeddmen mačči seṭṭac. Daɣen Mass Ḥeǧres yeḍleb
- 72 -
akken idewwaren n tɣiwant tazewǧit (mixte) n At Yiraten
(Fort-National) ad uɣalen d tiɣiwanin yerna ad sεun
yiwen n usenduq n tedrimt ara yettwafken s lεedlan ɣef
wakken llan yimezdaɣ di lmeḥwiǧat nsen. D ayen ara
yessiwḍen ad d-tettwaxleq di tlemmast n Tmurt n
Leqbayel yiwet n ddewla tafidiralit ara iteddun s lqanun
aεlayan n ddimuqraṭiyya. Lmeεqul-agi iferzen d ayen i
ufiɣ mi ḥesseɣ i uselway n At Umalu i ilaqen d lemtel i
yidimuqraṭiyen s umata. Tagi d lεeqliyya-w i d-fkiɣ,
yeqqim-d i ddewla ma tḥess-as.
Tilelli n Lecɣal n lbiruwat di Tmurt n Leqbayel
“Melmi tugdudt ad tuɣal deg umkan n leḥkem n lqeyyad”
Ma yella ttejriba n At Umalu tenǧeḥ d ayen yelhan i wiyaḍ
anda nniḍen. Aṭas n yidewwaren la yettraǧun ad uɣalen d
tiɣiwanin. Llan deg umḍiq n Micli di lemtel ara yesεun
ttawil axir n At Umalu. Yesεa leswaq i d-yettawin lfayda s
waṭas. Ma yella ddewla tebɣa ad tenǧeḥ ttejriba-agi d
idewwaren akk yecban At Mangellet, At Wasif ad terr d
tiɣiwanin. Xas ma yella ɣef waya taɣiwant tamzewweǧt
(mixte) tettagi xaṭer lfayda n leswaq ad as-ruḥen, ayen
yettawḍen ɣer 150 alef n frank i useggas ma neẓra belli d
idewwaren-agi i yesεan lfayda. Alama nufa-d belli d
- 73 -
idewwaren-agi i yesεan lfayda s waṭas d ayen ara
yessiwḍen tukksa n tɣiwant tazewǧit (mixte) mebla ugur.
Ur ilaq ara daɣen ad nwexxer zdat ubeddel n yidewwaren
nniḍen am Yiwaḍiyen yuɣalen d taɣiwant igeccṭen ɣer
leqdic. Talemmast n Yiwaḍiyen tesεa yakan akter n 100
yimreccḥen irumiyen. Ssuq-is yettawi-d azal n 70 alf n
frank i useggas, leɣrama azal n 100 alef, ayagi d ttejriba
yelhan, ilaq ad tt-nexdem akken ad asen-nefk afud i
yimdanen irumiyen yesεan lasel d leqbayel ad qedcen ɣef
lεamma.
Гef wayen i d-iteddun
Ayagi i d-nenna d ayen yesεan azal, ad yeldi tawwurt n
lxir i lecɣal di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Tikli-agi ɣer zdat ilaq ad
tt-nebɣu s wass-agi seg wul. D ayen ara yessalin ccan n
tmurt-agi yerwan lḥif. Aṭas n lɣelṭat i nexdem deg ubrid-
agi akken ass-a ad nfares ttejriba-agi nwala tesεa lfayda
ara isefḍen tuccḍa iεeddan. Ur ẓriɣ ara akellex iɣelben, di
lmital, win n tukci n wazal mucaεen i kra n yimdanen mi
ara ǧǧen agdud mebla lḥuquq n tsertit. Meɛna ɣef wayen
yeεnan Tamurt n Leqbayel, ayagi yesseḍsay. Xaṭer lḥala-
agi d nekkni i tt-yessawḍen akka imi nḥettem lluɣa taεrabt
i Tmurt n Leqbayel s ufus n lqeyyad. I wumi tuzzma ɣef
wayen nexdem s ufus nneɣ, imi d nekkni i iḥettmen ayagi.
Umneɣ belli Tamurt n Leqbayel tezmer i tmeddurt
- 74 -
taḥerrit ad yeddun s ḍḍamir nsen, ayagi sεiɣ fell-as lbayan
mi d-uɣaleɣ yiwet n tsebḥit seg Wat Umalu, mi lliɣ
ttmeslayeɣ akked Mass Ḥaǧres. Newweḍ almi d yiwen n
umkan seg ideg nettwali acḥal meqqer udewwar ur
qqeḍḍεent wallen. Arfiq-iw isemma-iyi-d akk tudrin,
yessefhem-iyi-d tameddurt nsen, uma ttemεawanent
akken tebɣa taddart, amek tettwaḥettem tcemlit n
leǧanazat yesεedlen igellilen d umerkanti, amek ssawḍen
ad εezlen wid i d-yewwin sseyya mmeqqren aṭas d ayen i
weεren mliḥ i wumi ur yezmir ḥedd. Zdat twennaḍt-agi
icebḥen aṭas s tafat, s-nnig ttjur i d-yettbanen am usigna d
wakal yettfurun s yiṭij, fehmeɣ ayen icerken imdanen d
wayen i ten-icudden ɣer wakal nsen. Fehmeɣ daɣen amek
steqniεen s cwiṭ akken ad εicen. Amek ur fehhmeɣ ara
leḥrara n uneḍḍem n tmeddurt nsen, d ffad nsen akken ad
ilin d ayen illan si zik : d irgazen uɣur ad naf ɣas ad tt-id-
nini mebla leḥya llakul ideg ad naf lḥeqq d tirrugza.
- 75 -
Alger Républicain
14 Juin 1939
Akken ad tεic, Tamurt n Leqbayel teṭṭalab :
1- Tijernaḍin yettqadaren amdan d uxeddim i lεamma.
2- Tukci n wazal i lɣella n tfellaḥt.
3- Zzyada nniḍen : sshala ar yinig, lemεawna n
tmezduɣt, awenneε d useggem n tmurt di kul tamaḍt.
Di Tmurt n Leqbayel yeṭṭuqqet lqum, txuss nneεma.
Tetten kter n wayen i d-ttawin n lɣella. Axeddim ines ur
yettwaxellas ara s wazal-is, d ayen yessawḍen ad d-tawi
tmurt s waṭas ayen ara tečč si berra : Mačči di lfayda ines.
Iminigen ines ass-agi ur zmiren ara ad d-rren azal i lexsar
n lmizan n tmurt.
Ma yella nebɣa ad d-nerr i Tmurt n Leqbayel lmektub
iwenεen, ad nekkes lleẓ i yimdanen-is, ad nexdem lwajeb
nneɣ i ugdud, ilaq ad nbeddel akk lecɣal yeεnan tadamsa
n Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Sswab ilaq ad aɣ-yini ɣas ma yella Tamurt n Leqbayel d
tin itetten, ilaq ad neg azal i lqedra n temεict d lxedma
akken agdud ad yaf iman-is, ad d-yawi ayen ad yečč s
- 76 -
lxedma-s, ayagi seg yiwet n lǧiha, si lǧiha nniḍen ad d-
yenqes waggay n tgella si berra n tmurt.
D sin-agi n wudmawen ad d-yerren azal i tmurt. Гef
wayen yeεnan lǧehd n tsertit. Meɛna sin-agi n wudmawen
ur ilaq ara ad ferqen. Ur nezmir ara ad nfekker i ubeddel n
wudem n Tmurt n Leqbayel s wayen yelhan mebla ma
nefka azal i uxeddim d wayen i d-yettawi d lɣella. Mačči d
lεamma n yimdanen kan i neεfes s tjernaḍin n setta frank,
meɛna daɣen tameẓla (logique). Ssumat-agi rxisen n lɣella
n Tmurt n Leqbayel mačči d lḥeqq kan i necrem, meɛna d
aɣen d inumak yelhan s umata.
Ad εiwdeɣ dagi kra n yimeslayen s wazal nsen i d-nniɣ
yakan di tsestant inu. Tajernaḍt di Tmurt n Leqbayel i tt-
yewwten ɣer lqaε d lqella n uxeddim d tlelli yesεan
imεellmen. Tagnit ad tbeddel akken iwulem ɣef tjernaḍim
mi ara yili uxeddim, tekkes tazzla s amyezwer di ssuq n
uxeddim d usemqed n leswam.
Si leεḍil yettili uqeddac n usemqed di Tmurt n Leqbayel,
ddewla ilaq ad d-tger iman-is s tukci n uxeddim s waṭas i
lɣaci. Asemqed ad d-yas weḥd-s imir-n. Lexsas n uxeddim
yezmer ad yekkes ɣef tlata n yiberdan : s tsertit n uxeddim
ameqqran, asgureg (généralisation) n uselmed n lḥirfat,
aneḍḍem n yinig.
- 77 -
Tasertit n uxeddim ameqqran d ayen ẓriɣ, teεmer akk
ahilen n ukellex. Meɛna kra n wayen ad yebnun ɣef
ukellex ur yettwaxdam ara. D agi ayagi d nnmara.
Ad tεewwleḍ i lecɣal imeqqranen di tmurt ur neḥwaǧ ara
yagi d aḍeyyeε n udrim. Ma ilaq-iyi ad d-smektiɣ belli
Tamurt n Leqbayel teḥwaǧ aṭas aman d yiberdan. D ayen
s wacu tasertit n uxeddim ameqqran ad tenfeε lεamma s
tjerniḍin imeεnen, axeddim i lɣaci d lfayda ad aɣ-iḥazen
merra.
Tasertit-agi tebda yakan. Anda twenneε mliḥ d taɣiwant n
Port-Guidon d udewwar n At Yanni, dinna nwala lfayda
tban-d. Sbeεṭac n tliwa di tmezwarut d waṭas n yiberdan.
Ma d wis sin yuɣal d adewwar ifazen s waṭas n lɣella n
Tmurt n LMeqbayel, ixeddamen-is ttaɣen 22 frank i wass.
Yettuɣaḍ kan lḥal imi ttejruba-agi yesεan lfayda s waṭas
ur tennul ara imḍiqen nniḍen. Adrim yettwaferqen d
tibzizin iban-d yettwaḍeyyeε. Imawlan teεna temsalt n
udrim ḥaren ansi ara d-awin. Tamsalt tekka-d amek ara
nessexdem tadrimt yellan uqbel ad nnadi tayeḍ.
Qrib n 600 n yimelyunen ttwaḍeggren ɣef Tmurt n
Leqbayel. Aql-aɣ di εecreyyam aya ala ttnadiɣ ad d-
sfehmeɣ tawaɣit yeḍran. Acu ilaqen dagi d ccɣel yebnan
ɣef lefhama d wayen ara yettwatebεen s lqaεida. Ur
neḥwaǧ ara tasertit yesganen d ssadaqa ur nesεi ara
- 78 -
lmeεna. Tamurt n Leqbayel tebɣa tasertit n ssfa ara d-
yawin lfayda i lεamma. Ilaq ad nwali s temɣer, ad nettixer
i ufezzez d ukellex, d adrim yewwi waḍu; ad nerr lqima i
Uqbayli s lxedma-s ad iεic di lḥerma, afellaḥ ad yaf lḥeqq-
is, lxedma-s ad tesεu azal d tjerniḍt yelhan.
Imi di tmura n Uruba nufa azal n 400 imelyaren
yettwaḍeyyεen ass-agi. Amek armi ur nufi ara tis meyya
deg way-agi i yimdanen nebɣa ad ilin d Irumiyen -
Werεad wwiḍen- i wumi neṭṭalab lmuḥal i wumi ur
zmiren Yirumiyen.
Tamaḍt nniḍen tijernaḍin xussent xaṭer ixeddamen n
Leqbayel ur sεin ara lḥirfa akken ad ten-iḥami lqanun.
Dagi yakan ilaq i uḥric n ttrebga n lḥirfat d wayen yeεnan
tafellaḥt ad sseɣren. Deg umedya iɣerbazen-agi llan di
Micli, di Fort-National. Di Micli sɣaren lxedma n wuzzal,
nnjer, lebni, ffɣen-d yixeddamen yelhan kra deg-sen
xeddmen di Micli, meɛna ayagi drus aṭas. Yella daɣen
uɣerbaz n tfellaḥt yeεnan ttjur, am win yellan deg
Umecras. Teffɣen-d 30 yinelmaden kul sin yiseggasen.
Tagi teqqim d ajerreb mačči d tamendawt (institution).
Tura yeqqim-d usmatu n ujerreb-agi iwennεen s waṭas n
lfayda akken kul tamaḍt ad tesεu aɣerbaz-is, akken ad
nesselmed i ugdud yesεan aṭas n ufus i lḥirfat xfifen s
waṭas i uḥfaḍ d ayen ẓran akk medden.
- 79 -
Yeqqim-d wugur yeεnan Tamurt n Leqbayel : I wumi ad
d- ffɣen yixeddamen at lḥirfat ma yella ulac axeddim.
Xaṭer axeddim a-t-an agemmaḍ i lebḥer. D ayen ara d-
yuɣalen ɣer tsertit n yinig ilaq ad nεiwen ɣef wayagi, ilaq
ad nessifses ccɣel n rrwaḥ n yiminigen. Yella daɣen ttawil
akken ad sḥefḍen Leqbayel ayen ssnen wiyaḍ n leǧnas di
tfellaḥt. ur d-qqareɣ ara dagi ayen i d-yeḍleb useɣlaf n
tmurt n Nnjir i wumi ara nceyyeε ifellaḥen n Leqbayel
akken ad mmten di lfetna. Meɛna amayli ma yebɣa
yezmer ad yefreq azal n 200 alef yiqeṭṭaren di tmurt n
Lezzayer.
Ajerreb d ayen yeḍran daɣen yeḍran di lḥewc n Bumehni
di Buɣni, ula deg unẓul n Fransa ruḥen seg-s lɣaci almi d-
wwin d luluf n Yiṭelyanen ad tt-εemren. Tuɣal Fransa
tettwasteεmer.
Ass-agi ruḥen syinna Yiṭelyanen acu yeǧǧan Leqbayel ur
tt-ttaṭṭafen ara am wakken nnsen. Qqaren-aɣ-d belli
Aqbayli yettwacedd ɣer wakal-is n yidurar, i waya ad d-
iniɣ belli llan 50 alf Yiqbayliyen di Fransa isebren ɣef
tmurt nsen. D ayen ɣef wacu ara iyi-d-yerr ufellaḥ aqbayli:
“tettuḍ belli ur nesεi ara d acu ara nečč, ur nesεi ara
lxetyar nniḍen”.
Ad aɣ-d-inin : “ Leqbayel-agi iruḥen ad d-uɣalen ar tmurt
nsen meɛna ad ǧǧen akal nsen”. Meɛna Aqbayli iminig
- 80 -
ɣas yeǧǧa akal-is ad t-yessenz i win meẓẓiyen si lǧil ɣer
wayeḍ.
Rray-agi i d-fkiɣ ad d-yerr azal i uxeddim n Uqbayli
akken yebɣu yili. Ad d-εiwdeɣ s wazal-is tadrimt yeṭṭsen
tura tezmer ad d-tek s lmendad i ccɣel amenzu. D ayen ad
yefken azal i tqeṭṭiṭ ma tseggem. Meɛna tasertit-agi ad
tesεu azal assmi ara fken azal i ufares n yimdanen s
umata.
Ad nefk azal i ufares
Dagi deɣen d sswab i tsertit n lebni. Lɣella n tfellaḥt n
Leqbayel d lfakiyya, irden d lqella. D aya i d-yefka wakal
ilaq ad t-nexdem seg wul.
Tlata n leḥwayeǧ i yellan zemrent ad d-awint lfayda i
lɣella : tamezwarut ad t-nessefti s waṭas, tis snat ad t-nfaz
akter, tis tlata ad nesserked ssuma n lbiε. Snat-agi n
tneggura ḍḥant-d d yiwet. Di tlata zemrent ad
ttwaxedment di Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Гef wayen yeεnan axerreq n lfakya ilaq ad nwali ayen
yeffɣen mliḥ d azemmur d lexrif, ad as-nernu lizriz d
uxerrub. D ayen i d-yewwi di lemtel n tɣiwant n Port-
Guidon.
- 81 -
Aseggas n 1938 taɣiwant teẓẓa azal n walef n nnqel n ttjur.
Aseggas-agi tεewwel i wuẓu n 10 ar 15 alef n nnqul. Ayagi
mebla amesruf ameqqran. Asenduq n lemεawna yeḍmen
tadrimt n nnqel. Lɣers yettwafreq mebla cceḥḥa i
yifellaḥen, yerna nnqel-agi d ayen yettwajerrben iwenneε
deg wakal n tɣiwant. Am ttjur n lexrif i wumi ilaq xemsa
yiseggasen akken ad εellment, ulac fell-asent lexlas siwa
nnfeε n udrim n ureṭṭal yewwḍen 4%. Mi yewweḍ xemsa
snin ad d-yebdu lɣella, di xemsa snin nniḍen afellaḥ
yezmer ad yenfez (amortir) rras lmal ines.
Akken ad nẓer lfayda n ccɣel-agi, ilaq ad nẓer belli ma
yella xemsa kan n nnqul i yuɣen i xmesṭac, afellaḥ a-t-an
di lfayda. Anǧaḥ-agi ad d-yesqam baṭel i ddewla, ur tesεiḍ
acu ara d-tiniḍ. Ttejriba-agi ilaq ad tt-nessefti i mkul
amḍiq imi lfayda tban.
Ma d ayen yeεnan aselhu n lɣella yellan yakan d ugerrez n
ssuma i lbiε, ccɣel meqqer aṭas. Ad d-iniɣ dagi kra kan n
lfekrat s wazal nsent : awenneε n tazert deg uḥensawat
(ateliers) i usikew, d uxlaq n timmerɣa (coopérative) n zzit
n uzemmur. Neẓra belli leqdic n lɣella n zzit n uzemmur
ixus aṭas akken ad yesεu azal meqqren n lfayda : am ufras
n tzemrin, d aceṭṭeb, ama d nnqul i d-gezmen diri-ten,
ama d iferrugen n yiniɣman yettwaḍeyyεen : fesren ɣef
lesquf, s-ddaw n ttjur n uxerrub, ččuren d tizit, rekkun.
- 82 -
Гef wayegi aṭas n lḥirfat ara ḥefḍen yifellaḥen deg
ḥensawat n tɣiwanin. Tid ifazen zgant-d deg Yiεeẓẓugen,
Sidi Σic. Deg Yiεeẓẓugen lfayda tefti azal n 120 % aseggas
amenzu, 80 % wis sin. Di Sidi Σic, tazert tenza 260 frank i
uqenṭar. Ssuma tawesḍit di tḥensawt n tɣiwant ma yella
berra ssuma teqqim 190 frank. Ma d ayen yeεnan wid
yettekkin d wayen yenzan s lekmal bḍan : 120 yifellaḥen d
180 alef frank n lɣella n tazert. Uɣalen lɣaci s ṭṭaqa cerken
ɣef ccɣel-agi ajdid. Гef wayagi εewwlen ad xedmen
tanmureɣt n yifellaḥen di Tamda ara sselḥun i yiman
nsen. D ayen yelhan i yimteddu n Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Гef wayen yeεnan timteddutin n ccɣel n uzemmur d zzit
llan aṭas n wuguren. Kra n yixeddamen n ddewla feclen
zdat n lkulun n uzaɣar yebɣan ad aɣen azemmur s rrxa
wala zzit s leɣla. Si tama nniḍen, isemseren ad asen-iruḥ
aṭas di lfayda nsen. Meɛna Aqbayli yeḥwaǧ tadrimt n
berru. D ayen yeṭṭef ɣer ubusari yettaɣen fell-as. Meɛna
ugur-agi n timteddutin yezmer ad yekkes ma yella ncudd
lexlas s berru ɣer yiwet n tmteddutin n tedrimt ara yilin
tqeddec i lfayda n tmerɣit. Teqqim-d lεeqleyya n Uqbayli
ma yella mazal-it yebɣa ad isewweq d ubusari. Meɛna tagi
d ssebba i uxneq n lemεawna-agi i d-nenna.
Lexsara imi afellaḥ aqbayli s ccɣel-is ixussen i uzemmur
yettawi-d kan yiwet n lɣella i εamayen. D ayen i wumi
ilaq aṭas n ufus itferrsen ad d-iwelleh ifellaḥen di ccɣel
nsen. Ayagi ad d-yawi lfayda s waṭas mebla ccek ula di
- 83 -
tɣara am wid iqeddcen di zzit di Uruba i d-yesseɣlin
teqseḥ n zzit ar 1,5° neɣ 2° yerna diri-tt lbenna ines.
Lqis anemmadu
Tasertit-agi s lekmal-is akken ad tenǧeḥ ilaq-as ad yemqet.
Гef wayen yeεnan lebni n yixxamen ilaq ad netbeε lemtel
yellan di lqanun n Loucheur. Wid ara yestenfεen s lebni
ilaq-asen wakal (imi Leqbayel akk d ayen i sεan) neɣ ad d-
fken ddraε nsen i ccɣel, yerna ad d-awin ssleε. Yerna ilaq
ad nεiwen i tmuɣli ɣef wayen yeεnan afraq n lemεawna n
tɣiwant n Yirumiyen d Leqbayel akken ad yeddu s lḥeqq.
Akken ad d-teḍḥu tsertit ad yefken udem aḥeqqi i Tmurt
n Leqbayel. Akken lḥif aberkan yeẓḍan tamurt ad ifak s
lferḥ. Ẓriɣ i wayagi akk ilaq ureṭṭal n udrim. Meɛna ad tt-
id-εiwdeɣ ad nserref mliḥ adrim yellan yakan xaṭer yif
rray adrim. Ulac ayen iwennεen mebla lkuraǧ d rray
yelhan akken ad tenǧeḥ tsertit-agi ilaq ad neddu yid-s, ur
as-nettkellix ara. Selleɣ mi d-qqaren : “ulac ssebbat imi d
imhurras ara ixellsen”. Wagi d lḥeqq, ur nettraǧu ara
ccɣel-agi seg yimhurras imi neẓra ur tebɣin ara. Ma
nenna-as d Fransa ara ixedmen lmeǧhud-agi nesεa lḥeqq
ɣef sin yiberdan, xaṭer din ara d-iban belli yella lferq n
nniḍam gar Lezzayer d Fransa, d ayen ara iḍurren tamurt
nneɣ. Asmi lfaydat ad d-dduklent ass-nni nezmer ad d-
nini belli ula d ulawen d lerwaḥ ur ttεeṭṭilen ara ad mlilen.
- 84 -
Alger Républicain
15 Juin 1939
Lxatima
Ad kfuɣ dagi ccɣel-iw yeεnan abḥat i bɣiɣ ad d-yawi
nnfeε i ugdud n Tmurt n Leqbayel, i wumi d-teffeɣ
ssebba-s weḥd-s. Ur sεiɣ acemma ara d-rnuɣ ɣef wayen ad
d-iniɣ yeεnan lḥif n Tmurt n Leqbayel, ssebbat ines d
ddwa ilaqen i lhem-is. Bɣiɣ ad ḥebseɣ da, ur d-rnnuɣ ara
imeslayen zzyada i tmeḍrurt ur neḥwaǧ ara awal. Meɛna
am wakkan ur ilaq ara ad yili lḥif yecban wagi i aɣ-
yessawḍen ad d-nemmeslay fell-as d akken abḥat-agi
xedmeɣ ur yessaweε ara ar lmerɣub-is ma ur tesfiḍ ara
kra n wuguren isehlen.
Ur ttzeyyideɣ ara deg wawal-iw. Ad d-yeḍḥu ass-agi ad
d-baneɣ d yir Arumi ma yella beyyneɣ-d lḥif n yiwet n
tmurt n urumi. Bɣiɣ ad ẓreɣ ass-agi acḥal yewεer akken
ad tiliḍ d Arumi yelhan. Aṭas n yimdanen ass-agi la
yettzuxxun wwḍen ɣer wayagi deg-sen aṭas n wid ixussen
neɣ yesseḥsaben, ḥader ad neɣleḍ. Meɛna ilaq-aneɣ an
nẓer d cau i d argaz aḥeqqi. Гef wakken ttwaliɣ, tamurt n
Fransa ara tt-icebbḥen ala lefεayel n lḥeqq.
- 85 -
Qqaren-aɣ-id : “ Ḥadret ayagi ad t-yeddem uberran”.
Meɛna widak ara yeddmen ayagi, banen-d yakan zdat
lumma kamel ɣef lqerḥ nsen d lɣecc. Ma nebɣa Fransa ur
tettekki ara yid-sen, awal nneɣ i d-nnenna s tnenni yeɣleb
lemdafeε akken ara iḥareb ɣef lḥeqq d usfaḍ n lbaṭel.
Ayagi kul yiwen ad d-yawi ayen i wumi yezmer n lxir.
Гef wayen iyi-yeεnan, ddur inu mačči d aqelleb n wid ara
sḍelmeɣ. Mačči d ayen ḥemmleɣ. Xas ma yella bɣiɣ ayagi
aṭas n leḥwayeǧ ad iyi-d-yeṭṭfen. Ẓriɣ s waṭas deg yiwet n
lǧiha acu n lḥif i d-tewwi taɣent (crise) n tdamsa i Tmurt n
Leqbayel akken ad sḍelmeɣ wiyaḍ. Meɛna ẓriɣ daɣen
acḥal yellan n yiεekkuren i rray ad d-yawin lfayda i tmurt,
ugur i d-yusan tikwal si tqacuct. Ẓriɣ d aɣen amek rray
yelhan sseεwajen-t di lxedma ines deg unnar.
Acu εerḍeɣ ad d-iniɣ ma yella neẓra ad nexdem lḥaǧa i
Tmurt n Leqbayel neɣ nexdem lḥaǧa s yiman-is, ayagi
yeqqim mecṭuḥ maḍi, d abziz, ugur yeqqim akken yella d
afeḥli. Ayagi uriɣ mačči i wabeεḍ n leḥzab, uriɣ-t i
yimdanen. Ma yella bɣiɣ ad as-fkeɣ i lbeḥt-agi inu lmeεna
ilaqen, ad fehmen medden, ur εriḍeɣ ara ad d-iniɣ : “Walit
acu txedmem di Tmurt n Leqbayel”, meɛna : “ Walit acu i
txussem i Tmurt n Leqbayel” (acu ilaq ad t-txedmem ur t-
texdimem ara).
Zdat n ssadaqat d ttejribat tiṭuṭaḥ, d awal n ukellex, ilaq
ad nerr llaẓ d waluḍ, iḥizen d qeṭṭeε n layas, imir-n ad
- 86 -
nẓer ma yella imezwura-nni ad qqimen. Ma yella s lqedra
tuεǧibt 600 n députés n Fransa zemren ad εeddin deg
ubrid-agi uḍyiq ideg d-εeddaɣ, d ayen ad yefken azal
meqqren i sebba n leqbayel akken ad telḥu aqeddim
ameqqran ar zdat. Kul tikkelt ideg ugur aserti
yettwabeddel s wugur n umdan d allay ameqqran i
yettwaxedmen. Kul ma yili tasertit zeddigen tettwaxdem s
lemcawra tessenqas lḥif d ayen s wacu Tamurt n Leqbayel
teṭṭef abrid ɣer ddunit, d nekkni, imir-n ara iferḥen s ccɣel
nneɣ s iyes ur nefriḥ ara ass-a.
Ur zmireɣ ara ad qqimeɣ mebla ma uɣaleɣ ɣer tmurt i d-
zureɣ yakan. Tamurt-nni weḥd-s ara d-ifken lxatima i
ccɣel-iw. Xaṭer deg wussan-nni iweḥciyen s lḥif walaɣ
dinna di tlemmast n twennaḍt yecban rreḥma, mačči kan
d sswayeε timcumin iyi-yuɣalen, meɛna di kra n
tmeddiyin ideg icebba-iyi Rebbi belli fehmeɣ s leɣmeq
tmurt-agi d ugdud-is.
Am yiḍ-agi ideg zdat n Zzawiyya n Kuku, nella di kra
yid-neɣ nettḥewwis di tmeqbert n yiẓra icellalen,
nettferriǧ iḍ mi d-iɣelli ɣef teɣzut. Di lawan-agi ur nelli d
ass ur yewwiḍ d iḍ, ur ḥulfaɣ ara lemxalfa gar-i d lεibad-
agi yeffren dagi akken ad d-afen cweyya n yiman nsen.
Meɛna lemxalfa-agi d ayen i wumi ḥusseɣ kra n sswayeε
akin, lawan ideg lɣaci ad yaɣ lḥal ččan.
- 87 -
Imir-n i ufiɣ lmeεna-s s lekmal n lbeḥt inu. Xaṭer ma yella
taslakt n listiεmar ad as-d-naf ssmaḥ, ayagi ma yella
εawnen agdud ḥekmen ad d-yejmeε tugna ines. Ma yella
nesεa lwajeb di tmurt-a, ad t-neznu i lεamma yesεan
tafenṭazit d lḥanna ur nufi ara anda nniḍen di ddunit
akken agdud ad yeqqim akken yella s lḥerma-s zdat
lmektub-is.
Lmektub n ugdud-agi ur ɣellaḍeɣ ara ma nniɣ-t-id, a-t-an
d axeddim d ttwaḥid, yerna ad d-yefk tamsirt n lεeqqal i
yimeslaken (concquérents) iweḥcen i aɣ-yecban. Ad nissin
ad neḍleb ssmaḥ ɣef tawla n leḥkem i aɣ-izedɣen. Ayagi
yettabaε yir lεibad; ad nerfed ttaεd d wayen yeḥwaǧ
ugdud-agi i aɣ-yifen lekyasa akken ad t-nerr s lekmal-is
ɣer leɣmiq n lḥerma-s.
- 88 -
Timerna
Asinew n Albert Camus asmi i d-yewwi arraz n Nobel di tsekla,
i d-yenna ass n ttlata 10 décembre 1957, deg usensu n temdint n
Stockholm zdat n twacult tageldant (royale) (i d-yehda i ccix-is
aqdim Louis Germain)
Ay at n tgelda, Massa, Mass,
Mi d-ṭṭfeɣ arraz mucaεen seg uɣerbaz ameqqran
mechuren s tlelli ines iyi-igan azal ifazen, akattu inu
yeɣmeq xaṭer imi ktaleɣ acḥal cciεa-agi tεedda akkin i
wayen uklaleɣ s yiman-iw. Kul amdan s-nnig i iεeddan
yekti, kul afennan yettmenni ad yettwassen. D ayen bɣiɣ
ula d nekk. Meɛna ur sεiɣ ara ttawil akken ad ẓreɣ
admiwel nwen mebla ma cebheɣ ṭṭrad ines ar wayen lliɣ s
yiman-iw kan. Amek argaz qrib meẓẓi, yeɣnan siwa s
ccekk-is d ccɣel mazal ur yekfi, iwulfen yettεac deg
yiḥizen n uxeddim neɣ di rraḥa n tidukkla, ur yedhic ara
mi d-yufa iman-is di ddqiqa weḥd-s s-ddaw tafat
yesderɣilen s lǧehd-is ? S wacu ul yezmer ad yeṭṭef
annect-a n leqder di ssaεa ideg deg Uruba, imyura nniḍen
gar widak mucaεen uɣalen ɣer rrif di tsusmi, di lweqt
daɣen ideg tamurt-is anda ilul mazal-itt di twaɣit ur nefri?
- 89 -
Ssneɣ ula d nekk ccwal-agi i izedɣen rruḥ. Akken ad afeɣ
lehna, ilaq-iyi ad qqimeɣ d yiman-iw i lemɣita-agi iyi-d-
yusan.
Imi ur zmireɣ ara ad d-cbuɣ ayagi i d-yusan s wayen
uklaleɣ kan, ur d-ufiɣ ara acemma nniḍen ad iyi-iεawnen
zdat wayen iyi-fkan lqedra s ṭṭul n ddunit-iw di teswiεin n
nnmara : ayen ttxemmimeɣɣef lfen-is d ddur inu n
umyaru. Semḥet-iyi kan s leqder ameqqran n tidukkla ad
awen-d-iniɣ s lḥala meẓẓiyen tikti inu d acu-tt.
Nekk s yiman-iw ur zmireɣ ara ad εiceɣ mebla lfen.
Meɛna ur ssuliɣ ara lfen-agi s-nnig kullec. Ma yella ilaq-
iyi, mačči d ayen i t-iferqen d medden, yettak-iyi tamεict
akken lliɣ gar lɣaci. Lfen ɣef wakken ttwaliɣ mačči d lferḥ
n win ad yilin weḥd-s. Lfen d ttawil i leḥsas n lmeḥna i
waṭas n yimdanen mi ara asen-tefkeḍ ttawil akken ad
walin tugniwin n wayen iḥeznen neɣ yessefraḥen icerken
lεamma. D ayen iḥettmen afennan akken ur as-iferreq ara,
yessawaḍ-it ar yiwet n tidet n wannuz n sumata. Ma d
win yextaren lmektub-is n lfen, imi yeẓra iman-is
yemxallaf, ad yaf s lεejlan belli ur yessefti ara lfen-is, neɣ
lemxalfa-s alama yeqqar belli yettemcabi ɣer wiyaḍ.
Afennan yettwaxdam s tikli mebla leεḍil gar-as d wiyaḍ,
ɣer wayen icebḥen ur yezmir ad yezgel, d tdukkli n wiyaḍ
ur yezmir ad ixalef. Degmi ifennanen n sseḥ ur krihen
acemma, tteεraḍen ad fehmen mačči ad cerεen. Ma ilaq-
asen ad xtiren di ddunit-agi, d ayen yeεnan lεamma akken
- 90 -
yeqqar Nietzsche, mačči d lqaḍi ara iḥekmen meɛna d win
ad d-ixelqen abziz, yili d axeddam neɣ d aggag.
Ddur n umyaru di teswiεt-nni ur ixulef ara lwajbat
iweεren. Гef wakken ad d-nini fell-as tibudat (par
définition), ur yezmir ad yettuḥerreb ass-a sɣur wid
yebɣan ad gen amezruy : a-t-an di tamaḍt n ccɣel n wid
iɣef ittεeddi umezruy, neɣ a-t-an yeqqim weḥd-s mebla
lfen-is. Yakk ignan s yimelyan n lεesker nsen d lejhel nsen
ur zmirent ara ad t-id-kksent seg yiḥizen ines abeεda, ɣas
ma yella yebɣa ad yeddu di later nsen. Meɛna tasusmi n
umeḥbus n leflani yettwaḍeyyεen i wannuz di ṭṭerf n
ddunit d ayen i d-yettekksen amyaru si lɣerba ines kul
tikkelt i as-tefka lɣella n tlelli ines akken ur itettu ara
tasusmi-agi, d ayen i wumi ara yefk ssut-is s ttawil n lfen.
Ulac win yesεan seg-neɣ temɣer iwulmen i wayagi.
Meɛna di teswiεin akk n ddunit-is, akken yebɣu yili ama d
ameḥbus ama s tlelli ines amyaru yezmer ad yaf aḥussu ar
yiman-is i tidukkli tamuddirt ad t-iεeqlen ma yebɣa ayagi,
d tteεb ara yerren mucaεen ccɣel-is : d win n tidet d tlelli.
Imi ccɣel-is d anejmuε n yimdanen s waṭas, d ccɣel ur
izimren ad yawi tteεb n lekdeb d lḥif n leεyub-agi, anda
llan ssawalel i yiḥizen. Akken bɣan ilin leεyub nneɣ, cciεa
n ccɣel nneɣ iressa ɣef snat tiktiwin iweεren, ad tafeḍ deg-
sent : agammi n lekdeb ɣef wayen neẓra, asbu i ḍḍelmat,
asbuḍ i ḍḍelmat.
- 91 -
Tεedda εecrin n ssna aya ɣef umezruy aderwic, i ɣerqeɣ di
nnwaḥ-is am yirgazen akk n lemtel-iw di leεmer, deg
ufriwes n lweqt, d acu yeεεfen deg-i d leḥsas ur nban belli
tira ass-agi d nnif xaṭer d ayen ara iḥettmen fell-ak, ad
iḥettem deɣen mačči kan d tira. Neqqim yettḥettim fell-i
ad εebbiɣ ɣef wakken lliɣ ad εlaḥsab n lǧehd-iw d wid
yettεicin am nekk yiwen n umezruy, ccer d ṭṭmeε
neferreq. Irgazen-agi ilulen mi yebda ṭṭrad n ddunit
amenzu, yesεan εecrin n ssna di lweqt ideg yebda leḥkem
n Hitlir, yebdan izmazen n yigrawliwen yettwaceyyεen
mbeεd akken ad seggmen ttrabga nsen ar ṭṭrad n Sbenyul,
ar ṭṭrad n ddunit wis sin, ar ǧahennama n Uruba d leεdab
d leḥbus, i wumi ilaq ass-agi ad rebbin arraw nsen d ccɣel
nsen deg yiwet n ddunit yeččuren d lxuf n uhuddu
anawawi. Ad d-yeḍḥu, ɣef wakken ttwaliɣ, ulac win
izemren ad asen-yini ad ilin d imesnafuyen (optimistes).
Qebleɣ ad d-iniɣ belli ilaq ad nefhem, ur nḥebbes ara
imenɣi yid-sen, leɣlaḍ n wid, deg ugrireb nsen, ḍelben
lḥeqq di lεar, gguǧen di yir tamaḍt n lweqt-nni. Meɛna
tekka-d deg-neɣ di tmurt-iw akked Uruba, ur qbilen ara
ayagi, uɣalen ttnadin lasel. Ilaq-asen ad afen amek ara
εicen di teswiεt-agi n ṭṭiq akken ad d-lalen tikkelt tis snat,
ad rnun imenɣi s widem iḍehren akked lḥes n lmut
izerεen deg umezruy. Kul tasuta ad d-yeḍḥu tettɣilli ad
tεiwed ddunit. Tasuta inu, nettat, teẓra ur as-tettεawad
ara. Meɛna ayen i tt-yettraǧun meqqer. Ayagi axaṭer ilaq-
as ad iḥader ad thudd ddunit. Tasuta inu tewret amezruy
bu tejεal ideg cerkent tegrawliwin yeqqersen, lḥirfat
- 92 -
yebbehban, irebbiten yemmuten, awengim (idéologie)
yeεyan anda yir lḥekkam zemren ass-a ad hudden kullec
ɣas ma ur ssinen ara ad d-hdun, anda lefhama tesserxes
iman-is armi tuɣal d taqeddact n ccer d lbaṭel, lǧil-agi
yewweḍ s yiman-is ɣef leryaf-is ad d-yessis s lfeεl-is
ixussen cwiṭ i d-yettaken lḥerma i temεict d lmut. Zdat
lxuf yerǧan ddunit s nnger, anda imencaf imeqqranen
zemren ad d-xelqen tagelda n lmut, lǧil-agi yeẓra acu
ilaqen tazzla akken ad d-tuɣal lehna gar leǧnas, lehna ad
yebnun ɣef sseḥ mačči ɣef uqdic (la servitude), anda ad
necrek di lehna lxedma d yidles d uεawed d uεawed d
yimdanen merra yiwet n ssfina n tdukkli. Ayagi mačči d
ayen isehlen, ccɣel yewεer aṭas, meɛna d ayen ibanen di
mkul amḍiq di ddunit, ccɣel-agi yebda tikli s usiwel-is n
tidet n tlelli, anda ma ilaq lmut yessen ad yemmet mebla
lɣecc ɣef wayagi. D lǧil-agi i wumi ilaq wazul ameqqran d
ufud iselḥen anda ma yella, kra n wanda iruḥ d asfel. Гef
lǧil-agi yakan i bɣiɣ, s lɣerḍ nwen ad buddeɣ ccerf-agi iyi-
tuznem.
S wayagi mi d-nniɣ akk n ssnaε n tira, ad d-rreɣ amyaru s
amkan-is iwulmen, ala ayagi i yesεa ad t-yefreq d yirfiqen-
is n yimenɣi, d bu-tgernunt ɣas ur yezmir ara, d amesbaṭli
ɣas iḥemmel lḥeqq, ibennun ccɣel-is mebla leḥya neɣ zzux
ar medden yezga yettwafreq gar uqraḥ d ccbeḥa, yeggul
yakan ar d-yejbed si rruḥ-is yebḍan ɣef sin lexliqat i wumi
yefka rruḥ s rruḥ-is di tikli yettḥuddun amezruy. Seg wagi
akin, anwa i izemren ad yerǧu seg-s tifrat iwejden neɣ
- 93 -
tubda n lεali ? Tidet teččur d lewhayem, trewwel tettnadi
fell-as. Tilelli tewεer, tesεeb i tmeddurt akken teččur d
lbenna. Ilaq-aneɣ ad neddu ɣer sin-agi n yiswan, s leεtab d
tirrugza, ɣas ma neẓra afcal nneɣ deg ubrid-agi iḍulen.
Anwa amyaru izemren imir-n s lɣerḍ-is ad yerr iman-is d
ccix n lḥerma ? Ma d nekk ilaq-iyi ad d-iniɣ tikkelt nniḍen
s zzyada, ur lliɣ ara deg wayagi. Leεmer nekreɣ tafat neɣ
rrezg mi lliɣ d lxelq d tmeddurt n tlelli iyi-d-irebban. Xas
ma yella amerray-agi (nostalgie) yessefhem-d aṭas n
uɣlaḍ-iw d yazalen-iw, tεiwen-iyi mebla ccekk akken ad
fehmeɣ ssneε inu, tεiwen-iyi daɣen akken ad beddeɣ s
lqedd-iw zdat akk yimdanen yessusmen ur nezmir ara di
ddunit i tmeddurt ttεebbin, ala ccfaya n rrezg ibeεden.
Ayagi akk iyes i d-rriɣ iman-iw ar lḥedd-iw, ara rrebg-iw,
ar liman-iw, ɣas ma d ayen iweεren, hulfaɣ i yiman-iw di
tlelli akken ad awen-d-zziɣ di lxatima leqder-agi mucaεen
ur nesεi lḥedd iyi-tefkam, s tlelli meqqren ara t-qebleɣ am
warraz uklalen akk wid yettnaḍaḥen am nekk, ur d-isaḥ
ara warraz yerna ttqabalen lehmum d telmaḍt. Yeqqim-
iyi-d kan akken ad ken-cekkreɣ seg wul-iw, ad ken-εezzeɣ
s yisem-iw akken akk tellam akken ixeddem kul ass
ufennan n sseḥ i yiman-is di tsusmi.
Tiẓrigin n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa
Editions du Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité
-o-O-o-
Collection “Idlisen-nneɣ”
01- Khalfa MAMRI, Abane Ramdane, ar taggara d netta i d bab n timmunent, 2003.
(Tasuqelt : Abdenour HADJ-SAID d Youcef MERAHI)
02- Slimane ZAMOUCHE, Uḍan n tegrest, 2003.
03- Omar DAHMOUNE, Bu tqulhatin, 2003.
04- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Lexique du corps humain, 2003.
05- Hocine ARBAOUI, Idurar ireqmanen (Sophonisbe), 2004.
06- Slimane ZAMOUCHE, Inagan, 2004.
07- S. HACID & K. FERHOUH, Laṣel ittabaɛ laṣel akk d : Tafunast igujilen, 2004.
08- Y. AHMED ZAYED & R. KAHLOUCHE, Lexique des sciences de la terre et lexique animal, 2004.
09- Lhadi BELLA, Lunǧa, 2004.
10- Antoine de St EXUPERY, Le Petit Prince, 2004.
(Tasuqelt : Habib Allah MANSOURI, Ageldun amecṭuḥ)
11- Djamel HAMRI, Agerruj n teqbaylit, 2004.
12- Ramdane OUSLIMANI, Akli ungif, 2004.
13- Habib Allah MANSOURI, Amawal n tmaziɣt tatrart, édition revue et augmentée,
2004.
14- Ali KHELFA, Angal n webrid, 2004.
15- Halima AIT ALI TOUDERT, Ayen i ɣ-d-nnan gar yetran, 2004.
16- Mouloud FERAOUN, Le fils du pauvre, 2004.
(Tasuqelt : Moussa OULD TALEB, Mmi-s n yigellil, Tazwart : Youcef MERAHI)
17- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Recueil des prénoms amazighs, 2004.
18- Nadia BENMOUHOUB, Tamacahut n Basɣar, 2004.
19- Youcef MERAHI, Taqbaylit ass s wass, 2004.
20- Abdelhafid KERROUCHE, Teɣzi n yiles, 2004.
21- Ahmed HAMADOUCHE, Tiɣri n umsedrar, 2004.
22- Slimane BELHARET, Awal ɣef wawal, 2005.
23- Madjid SI MOHAMDI, Afus seg-m, 2005.
24- Abdellah HAMANE, Merwas di lberj n yiṭij - aḥric I, 2005.
25- Collectif, Tibḥirt n yimedyazen, 2005.
26- Mourad ZIMU, Tikli, tullisin nniḍen, 2005.
27- Tayeb DJELLAL, Si tinfusin n umaḍal, 2005.
28- Yahia AIT YAHIATENE, Faḍma n Summer, 2006.
29- Abdellah HAMANE, Merwas di lberj n yiṭij - aḥric II, 2006.
30- Lounes BENREJDAL, Tamacahut n bu yedmim, 2006.
31- Meziane OU MOH, Tamacahut n umeksa, 2006.
32- Abdellah ARKOUB, Nnig wurfan, 2006.
33- Ali MAKOUR, Ḥmed n ugellid, 2006.
34- Y. BOULMA & S. ABDENBI, Am tmeqqunt n tjeǧǧigin, 2006.
35- Ali EL-HADJEN, Tudert d usirem, 2006.
36- Hadjira OUBACHIR, Uzzu n tayri, 2007.
37- Djamel BENAOUF, Di tmurt uɛekki, 2007.
38- Said IAMRACHE, Timenna n Saɛid Iɛemrac, 2007.
39- Mohamed MEDJDOUB, Baba Carlu, 2007.
40- Nadia BENMOUHOUB, Tafunast igujilen, 2007.
41- Ali MOKRANI, Agama s tugniwin, 2007.
42- Fatma ELKOUCHA, Tamedyazt n Yasmin, 2007.
43- Naima HADJOU, Amennuɣ n tudert-iw, 2007.
44- Hocine LAOUES, Gar umqadmu d umnelti, 2007.
45- Omar KHAYAM, Rubaɛiyyat, 2007 (Tasuqelt : Abdellah HAMANE)
46- Ferdinand DUCHENE, Tamilla, 2007(Tasuqelt : Habib Allah MANSOURI)
47- Slimane ZAMOUCHE, Agellil akk d ineffuten yelhan, 2007.
48- Djamel HAMRI, Anadi di tmedyazt, 2007.
49- Khaled FERHOUH, Ḥku-yaɣ-d tamacahut, 2007.
50- Lhadi BELLA, Awal d usefru, 2007.
51- Omar DAHMOUNE, Agu, 2007.
52- SOPHOCLE, Untigun, 2007 (Tasuqelt : Yahia AIT YAHIATENE)
53- Ahmed HAMADOUCHE, Inzan tiqsiḍin, 2007.
54- Ouiza GRAINE, Isefra n tmaziɣt, 2007.
55- Lounès BENREJDAL, Inzan n teqbaylit, 2007.
56- Akli OUTAMAZIRT, Targit, 2008.
57- Mohamed Salah OUNISSI, Tametna n umenzu, 2008.
58- Ramdane ABDENBI, Anagi, 2008.
59- Ramdane LASHEB, Ccna n tlawin ɣef ṭṭrad 54/62, 2008.
60- Said CHEMAKH, Ger zik d tura, 2008.
61- Tiddukla Yusef U Qasi - Si Muḥend U Mḥend, Tafaska n tmedyazt_1, 2008.
62- Sadi DOURMANE, Abrid n tudert-iw, 2008.
63- Dahbia AMOUR, Tudert s tmedyazt, 2009.
64- TANASLIT, Akli n tayri, 2009.
65- Djaffar CHIBANI, Ddeqs-nneɣ, 2009.
66- Belkacem IHIDJATEN, Iṭij asemmaḍ, 2009.
67- Abdellah HAMANE, Tisri n tayri, 2009.
68- Said ABDELLI, Tidwirin, 2009.
69- Said ZANOUN, Bururu yeḥya-d, 2009.
70- U LAMARA, Tullianum, taggara n Yugurten, 2009.
71- Tiddukla Yusef U Qasi - Si Muḥend U Mḥend, Tafaska n tmedyazt_2, 2009.
72- Chabane OULAMARA, Azamul n tmusni, 2010.
73- Mehenna SEHRANE, Awal ɣef yiɣersiwen, 2010. 74- Mohand Ouali KEZZAR, Tibratin, 2010.
75- R. OULHA, M. BOURIDANE, K. HOCINE, Tamellaḥt n Belɛeggal, 2010.
76- Mohamed Zakaria BENRAMDANE, Iɣsan s teqbaylit, 2010.
77- M. DJEGHALI, S. SELLAH, Amawal n yiɣersiwen n yilel, 2010.
78- Abdellah HAMANE, Tawaɣit n tayri, 2011.
79- Rosa CHELLI, Itran, leḥzen, tirga, asirem, 2011.
80- Collectif, Amezgun s tmaziɣt, 2011.
81- Islam BESSACI, Azal n tayri, 2011.
82- Dahbia AMOUR, Tiɣri n wul, 2011.
83- Said DEBIANE, Ay irfiqen, 2011.
84- Youcef ACHOURI, Aklan n tayri, 2012.
85- Rabah BETTAHAR, Teffeɣ Fransa, 2012.
86- Hamou AMARENE, Ula deg wawal, 2012.
87- Med-Zakaria BENRAMDANE, Amawal n waṭṭanen, 2012.
88- Abdellah HAMANE, Tudert-iw di tegrawla, 2012.
89- Boussad KEBIR, Awfus n tutlayt tamaziɣt, 2012.
90- Hocine LAOUES, Abuciḍan, 2012.
91- Kamel SI MOHAMED, Imsebriden n leryuf, 2013.
92- Abdelmalek AIT SI ABDELKADER, Tiɣri yeɣrin, 2013.
93- Louiza KANEB, 5 yulyu, 2013.
94- Mohand Amokrane ZIZI, Isefra i medden irkelli, 2013.
95- Arezki GRAÏN, Isefra n Lḥaǧ Muḥend Saɛid, 2013.
Actes de colloques
01- Actes des journées d'étude sur La connaissance de l'histoire de l'Algérie, mars
1998.
- Actes des journées d'étude sur L'enseignement de Tamazight, mai 1998.
- Actes des journées d'étude sur Tamazight dans le système de la communication, juin 1998.
02- Actes des journées d’étude sur La réhabilitation de l’environnement culturel amazigh et sur tamazight dans l’environnement juridique, 2000.
03- Actes des séminaires sur la formation des enseignants de Tamazight et
l'enseignement de la langue et de l'histoire amazighe, 2000.
04- Actes des journées d'étude sur Approche et étude sur l'amazighité, 2000/2001.
05- Actes du colloque sur Le mouvement national et la revendication amazighe,
2002.
06- Actes du colloque international sur Tamazight face aux défis de la modernité,
2002.
07- Actes du colloque : Identité, langue et Etat, 2003. - Actes du colloque : La permanence de l'architecture amazighe et l'évolution des
cités en Algérie, 2003.
08- Actes des stages de perfectionnement pour les enseignants de tamazight, mars
2004.
09- Actes du stage de perfectionnement des enseignants de la langue amazighe,
30/31 mars 2004.
10- Actes du Colloque : Le passage à l'écrit des langues et cultures de tradition orale,
le cas de Tamazight, 2004. (Voir Timmuzgha N°13) 11- Actes du Colloque : La littérature amazighe : de l'oralité à l'écrit, 2005
(Voir Timmuzgha N°14)
12- Actes du colloque sur Le patrimoine culturel immatériel amazigh, 2005.
13- Actes du Colloque : Tamazight dans les médias et à l'école : hypofonctionnalité et usages du lexique, 2006 (Voir Timmuzgha N°15)
14- Actes des Journées d'étude sur l’enseignement de Tamazight, Région Est, 2006.
- Actes de la Genèse de l’enseignement de Tamazight depuis le XIXème
siècle, 2006.
- Actes du Stage de perfectionnement pour les enseignants du primaire,
2006.
15- Actes du colloque sur Le libyco-berbère ou le Tifinagh ; de l'authenticité à l'usage pratique, 2007.
16- Actes du colloque : L’apport des amazighs à la civilisation universelle, 2008.
17- Actes du colloque sur La standardisation de l’écriture amazighe, 2010.
18- Actes du colloque sur Les Royaumes amazighs de la période musulmane, 2010.
- Actes du colloque sur Le Royaume de Koukou, 2010.
19- Actes du colloque, Aslugen n tira n tmaziɣt, 2012.
20- Actes du colloque sur Pierre Bourdieu et l’Algérie, 2012.
Revue « Timmuzgha »
Revue d'études amazighes du Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité :
N° 1, avril 1999, ----- N°22, janvier 2011.
- N°10, octobre 2004, Spécial Mohya, Entretien.
- N°12, décembre 2006, Tajmilt i Si Muḥend U Mḥend.
- N° spécial en Tamazight :
. N°16, janvier 2008.
. N°17, avril 2008.
. N°19, août 2008.
Revue « Tamazight tura »
Revue en Tamazight du Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité :
N°1, janvier 2009, ----- N°11, avril 2013.
Autres publications
01- Chafik MOHAMED, Aperçu sur trente trois siècles de l'histoire des imazighènes,
1997.
02- Annuaire des associations culturelles amazighes, 2000.
03- Idir El-Watani, L'Algérie libre vivra, 2001.
04- Mohand Oulhadj LACEB, La phonologie générative du kabyle : l'emphase et son harmonie. Tome1, Histoire et fondements d'un débat argumentaire, 2007.
05- Mohand Oulhadj LACEB, La phonologie générative du kabyle : l'emphase et son harmonie. Tome2, Analyse et représentation phonologique, 2007.
06- Collectif, Mouloud FERAOUN, Evocation, Actes du Colloque, 2008.
07- Catalogue des publications du HCA, 2008.
08- Catalogue des publications du HCA, 2009.
09- Boudjema AZIRI, Néologismes et calques dans les médias amazighs, 2009.
10- Mohand Idir AIT AMRANE, Kker a mmi-s umaziɣ, 2010.
11- Agenda de poche, 2012.
Consultings
01- Kamel BOUAMARA, Nekni d wiyiḍ, 1998.
02- Mouloud FERAOUN, Jours de Kabylie, 1999.
(Tasuqelt : Kamel BOUAMARA, Ussan di tmurt) 03- Nora TIGZIRI - Amar NABTI, Etude sur « L'enseignement de la langue
amazighe : bilan et perspectives », 2004.
04- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Dictionnaire des racines berbères communes,
2006/2007.
05- Abdellah NOUH, Glossaire du vocabulaire commun au Kabyle et au Mozabite,
2006/2007.
06- Sadaq BENDALI, Awfus amaynut n tutlayt tamaziɣt, 2007.
07- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, Tiwsatin timensayin n tesrit taqbaylit, 2007.
08- Kamel BOUAMARA, Amawal n tunuɣin n tesnukyest, 2007.
09- Moussa IMARAZENE, Manuel de syntaxe berbère, 2007.
10- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, Tiwsatin timensayin n tmedyazt taqbaylit, 2007.
11- Moussa IMARAZENE, Timɛayin n leqbayel, 2007.
12- Nora BELGASMIA, L'expression écrite en tamazight, 2007.
13- Mouloud LOUNAOUCI, Projet de création d’un Centre de terminologie amazighe, TERAMA, 2007.
14- Zahir MEKSEM, Isuraz n usezdi d tenmeẓla taḍrisant n tmaziɣt : Asnekwu d tesleḍt, 2008.
15- Mohammed Brahim SALHI, La tariqa Rahmaniya : De l’avènement à l’insurrection de 1871, 2008.
16- Fakihani TIBERMACINE, Tanast u kajjuf, 2009.
17- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Introduction à la littérature berbère, 2009.
18- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, تطور الشعر القبائلي و خصائصه, Tome1, 2009.
19- M'hammed DJELLAOUI, تطور الشعر القبائلي و خصائصه, Tome2, 2010.
20- Zahir MEKSEM, Tisekkiwin n yiḍrisen, tagmert d tesleḍt, 2010.
21- Mohand MAHRAZI, Lexique de didactique et des sciences du langage, 2013.
22- Lamri BENGASMIA, (الشاوية) مبادئ في الصوتيات الأمازيغية , 2013.
Coédition
ANEP
01- Iddir AMARA, Les inscriptions alphabétiques amazighes d'Algérie, 2006.
02- Kemal STITI, Fascicule des inscriptions libyques gravées et peintes de la grande Kabylie, 2006.
03- Mohand Akli SALHI, Amawal n tsekla, 2006.
04- O. KERDJA & A. MEGHNEM, Amawal amecṭuḥ n ugama, 2006.
ENAG
01- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Glossaire des termes employés dans la toponymie algérienne, 2011.
02- Mohand Akli HADDADOU, Précis de lexicologie amazighe, 2011. 03- Mohand Akli SALHI, Poésie traditionnelle féminine de Kabylie, 2011.
04- Mohand Akli SALHI, Etudes de littérature Kabyle, 2011.
05- Habib-Allah MANSOURI, La Kabylie dans les écrits français du XIXe siècle, 2011.
06- Mohand MAHRAZI, Dictionnaire d’électrotechnique Français-Tamazight, 2011.
07- A. NOUH-MEFNOUNE & B. ABDESSALAM, Dictionnaire Mozabite-Français,
2011.
Cet ouvrage est publié dans le cadre de la collection
“Idlisen-nneɣ” Initiée par la Direction de la promotion culturelle du
Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité
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