HACH LANGEUnited for Water QualityMaking Pollution Prevention Pay

(Mogden Formula) – England, Scotland & Wales

Emma Brown

Making Pollution Prevention Pay

Environment Agency

SEPA

Water Companies (who are regulated by the EA & SEPA)

Who are the Regulators?

Waste from toilet flushing, hand wash basins, showers and canteens does not require a consent

Minimal discharges (a few litres per day) may not need a formal consent as long as they are NON hazardous

Discharge above one cubic metre per day should be given a FULL consent

Short-term discharges (e.g. one week) need to gain prior authorisation from your water company

Do I need a consent for my trade effluent?

Quantity of Discharge

Quality of DischargeBOD or COD Suspended Solids (SS) pH Temperature Metals

Consents to Discharge

Who pays? THE POLLUTER

Costs of Discharge

Costs of Non-compliance

Fines for Pollution Event

Costs of Clean-up

Company Reputation

Costs of Discharge

Defined by the recipient of the waste (The Water Company)

THE MOGDEN FORMULA

MOGDEN FORMULAC = R + [( V + Bv) or M] + B(Ot/Os) + S(St/Ss)

WhereC = Charges in pence per m3

R = Reception and conveyance (maintenance cost of sewers)M = Treatment and disposal where effluent goes to a Marine outfall V = Primary treatment (V for volumetric)Bv = The financing charges related to biological treatment disposalOt = C.O.D. of the trade effluent after 1 hour settlement at pH 7B = The biological oxidation treatment cost of the settled sewageOs = COD of crude sewage after 1 hour quiescent settlementSt = Total suspended solids (mg/l) of trade effluent at pH7S = Treatment and disposal costs of primary sludgeSs = Total suspended solids (mg/l) of average strength crude sewage.

Comparison of Trade Effluent Tariffs

Water Company R (per m3) V(per m3) Bv(per m3) M(per m3) Os (mg/l) Ss (mg/l)Anglian 17.45 27.3 5.28 14.61 423 403Dwr Cymru 21.64 24.62 10.23 14.73 500 350Northumbrian 23.06 11.27 6.26 360 182Severn Trent 17.11 15.51 351 343South West 45.82 42.23 7.69 744 489Southern 32.7 23.87 3.9 20.72 452 512Thames 7.67 9.42 445 336United Utilities 15.3 12.4 1.8 11.7 332 231Wessex 42.37 19.5 802 313Yorkshire 26.37 26.07 15.64 898 326

Note:

Charges for R (cost of sewers) is high for Water companies serving low populated areas e.g. SWW or WW and are lower for those serving highly populated areas (TW)

Costs of Discharging to a Water Course

This is levied by the EA and is calculated using the following formula

Charge = R(VxCxRW )

Where:

R = Annual charge financial factor (£477 1999 – 2000)

V = Banded weighting factor based on discharge volume

C = Banded weighting factor based on discharge content

RW = Banded weighting factor based on category of receiving water

Chemical Charging:Band Consent of discharge Factor (C)

A

Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, Alcohols except except methanol, ethanol, butanol,propanol and glycolsAromatic nitrogen compoundsPhenolic compounds (except total and monohydric phenols)Esters, ethers, ketones,aldehydes (except formaldehyde)Viruses, effluents where consent requires toxicity testing

14

B

Metals, cyanides,sulphides, total and monohydric phenolic compounds, methanol,ethanol,butanol,propanol,glycols,carboxylic acids, organic nitrogen compounds (excl Band A, ureram and quaternary ammonium salts) bacteria, effluent where consent requires rapid bacterial toxicity testing.

5

CSewage and organic trade effluent with numeric consent conditions, All discharges of trade effluent of an organic nature

3

D Sewerage with no numeric conditions, trade effluent not specified in E 2

Other Factors:

Volume of discharge (m3/day)

Factor (V) Volume of discharge (m3/day)

Factor (V)

0 - 5 0.3 >1000 – 10,000 3.0

>5 - 20 0.5 >10,000 – 50,000 5.0

>20 - 100 1.0 >50,000 – 150,000 9.0

>100 - 1000 2.0 >150,000 14.0

Volumetric Factors – EA (England & Wales)

Type of receiving Water Factor (RW )

Estuarine 1.5

Surface 1.0

Coastal 0.8

Ground 0.5

Factors relating to the receiving water

Other Pressures:Urban Waste Water Directive (91/271/EEC)

Brought completely into UK legislation 1995

Fully operational by December 2005

“Designed to protect the environment from the adverse effects ofUrban Waste Water Discharges and from certain industry sectors”

Applied to all STW with over 15,000pe by 31/12/2000 and to be fully implemented by 31/12/2005 States all STW must have secondary treatment (biological) as a minimum

STW discharges must limit nutrient (N and P) discharges or prove75% removal.

Note : 1 p.e. is a BOD of 60g O2 per day (defra)

Other Pressures:Water Framework Directive

Implemented EU wide

Is based on river basins and the impact of spot pollution sources (ind. discharges) and diffuse pollution (agricultural pollution) within each basin.

Came into effect December 2003

Full implementation by December 2015

There is a list of ‘Priority substances’ that include pesticides and also heavy metals.

This means that effluents containing these compounds may incur increased treatment charges and/or reduced consent levels.

Other Pressures:Operator Self Monitoring (OSM) for water quality

This will be introduced April 2009

It will affect the “higher-risk” discharges to the water

You will be required to monitor and analyse samples of effluent from

your discharge to an agreed standard

The scheme will be introduced to water companies first because they are responsible for a significant proportion of discharges

OSM encourages operators to understand more about how their

business operates and its impact on the environment

What can you do?

Do Nothing and pay the bills??

Check the fairness of the assessment

Be aware quarterly costing can be based on one periodic sample

How can you do that?

Effective Effluent Monitoring

Collect Data???Quantity of Discharge

Quality of Discharge

How do we Acquire this Data?

Quantitative - measure the flow

Qualitative - obtain a representative sample for lab analysis or install on-line instrumentation

Taking a representative sample is vital, how can we do that?

Sampling Methods

Manual Sampling

Automatic Sampling

Manual Sampling

Spot Check

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Automatic Sampling

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Flow Proportional Sample: Constant Volume/Variable Time (CV/VT)

4010 – The Standard Sampler

• Pressure / vacuum - system

• Time, flow and event-sampling

• Housing: V2A, V4A, Epoxy

• Separation between control and sample unit

• Upper door with viewing-window

• Microprocessor based menu control

• Backlit 4x20 character LCD

• Interior temperature is maintained at 4°C

Xian 1000

• Pressure / vacuum - system

• Time, flow and event-sampling

• Collective and fractional sampling

• Removable module with 2x16-character LCD

• Compact, rugged and weather-resistant design

• Easy portable

• Rechargable battery, 12 Volt

Analysis?Hach Lange – Quality & Simplicity

BSI 1427 - the ISO Standard for Water Test Kits :-

Colorimetric methods

Paper Test StripsPrinted colour comparator cardsColour CubesGlass or plastic comparator discsSealed coloured liquid standards (ampoule based)

Portable/laboratory photometers

Optical absorbance – direct concentration readoutDiode array with facility for automatic background correction for

sample turbidity and colourPortable photometers with IP67 rating

Analysis?Hach Lange – Quality & Simplicity

Advantages of Test Kits -Often successfully used by non-chemistsLow costMinimal sample deterioration by using fresh samplesNo preparation of chemicals requiredConvenient, fast and easy to use due to simplified techniquesSelf-life, storage, ready-to-useFrequency of testing can be increasedImmediacy of results for control purposed increasedTransportation of reagents is simpler and saferH&S has improved from pre-packagingSome companies offer recycling of reagents

Analysis?Hach Lange – Quality & Simplicity

Disadvantages of Test Kits -Interferences might be incompletely documented and biased results

observed for some matrices. Some test kits do, however, document the most common interferences

Accuracy and reliability can be questioned when comparing to reference methods undertaken within a lab. However, they should be able to provide results of adequate accuracy to meet the principle “fit for the intended purpose required”

Cost (especially when a suit of parameters is required)

Analysis? Hach Lange – Quality & Simplicity

• Pocket Colorimeter

• Single parameter mini-meters • Ammonia – Zinc, 23 parameters and 9 single wavelength meters

• Each Unit inc. reagents (50/100 tests), cells (1 inch/10mm)

• in carrying case

• Preprogrammed for one or two parameters

• Simple operation, clear readings

• Datalogging – 10 most recent measurements

• Portable & Battery powered ( 4 x AAA )

• Rugged components – IP67 water & dustproof

Analysis? Hach Lange – Quality & Simplicity

• DR800 series…..multiparameter pocket colorimeter

• Options • DR/820 LED 520 nm – 20 methods• DR/850 LED 520, 610 nm – 50 methods• DR/890 LED 420, 520, 560, 610 nm – 90 methods

• COD/TNT vial adapter

• Preprogrammed Hach procedures

• Auto wavelength selection

• Datalogging – 99 measurements

• Portable & Battery powered ( 4 x AAA )

• Rugged components – waterproof & dustproof, IP67

Colorimeter

Analysis? Hach Lange – Quality & Simplicity

• DR2800 Vis spectrophotometer

• Combination of Lange & Hach chemistries – Open Measurement• Lange – 13 mm cuvettes, IBR ( laser )• Hach – 1 inch sq/round, 10/50 mm rect. Cuvettes• Methods pre-programmed

• Reference Beam Technology

• Touchscreen

• USB port – data transfer, printer, keyboard

• Datalogging – 500 measurements

• 50 user methods

• Portable – Li battery

Spectrophotometer

Hach Lange – Quality & Simplicity

BSI 1427 - the ISO Standard for Water Test Kits :-

Summary -Remember : It is the responsibility of the organisation/person carrying

out the test method to ensure that it is capable of producing results meeting the performance requirements of the client

Conclusions -Analysing an inappropriately taken sampler is a complete waste of timeModern test kits can give fit for purpose results with suitably trained

staffAppropriate QA/QC is keyFully document all methods, results, validation and QA/QCBe aware of interferencesBe aware of confidence limits associated with the analysis

Making Pollution Prevention Pay

How can this save money?

Ensure consent compliance

Verify Charges are correct and Fair

React instantaneously to pollution incidents

Spot abnormal concentrations

Define peak concentrations

Build a picture of the process

Detect trends or changes

How can this save money?

Improves process control

- to ensure plant efficiency

- to reduce product wastage

- to evaluate recycling options

- to expand effluent treatment plants

THE END