Group vs Teams Formulation of group

8/13/2019 Group vs Teams Formulation of group

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Team Versus Group

Presented to


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9-1

Fundamentals of Group

Behavior

Group

two or more freely interacting people with shared

norms and goals and a common identity


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9-2

Group Development Process

Stage 1: Forming

Group members tend to be uncertain and

anxious about their roles, the people in charge

and the groups goals

Mutual trust is low


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9-3


Stage 2: Storming

Time of testing

Individuals try to determine how they fit intothe power structure

Procrastination may occur


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9-4


Stage 3: Norming

Questions about authority and power are

resolved through unemotional, matter-of-fact

group discussion

Group cohesiveness

a we feeling binding group members together


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9-5


Stage 4: Performing

Activity focused on solving task problems

Climate of open communication, strongcooperation, and lots of helping behavior


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9-6


Stage 5: Adjourning

Work is done

Time to move on to other things


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Prentice Hall, 2000 Chapter 7 7

What

Makes

PeopleJoin

Groups?

StatusSecurity

PowerGoal

Achievement

Self-Esteem Affiliation


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Group Tasks

Decision-making

Large groups facilitate the pooling of information

about complex tasks.

Smaller groups are better suited to coordinating

and facilitating the implementation of complex

tasks.

Simple, routine standardized tasks reduce the

requirement that group processes be effective in

order for the group to perform well.


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Group Decision Making

Strengths

More complete

information

Increased diversity of

views

Higher quality of

decisions (moreaccuracy)

Increased acceptance

of solutions

Weaknesses

More time

consuming (slower)

Increased pressure to

conform

Domination by one

or a few members Ambiguous

responsibility


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Group Decision Making

GroupthinkPhenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides (to set

aside) the realistic appraisal of alternative course of action. a

form of conformity to opinion of majority & not listening to

the minority or unpopular views

Group shift

A change in decision risk between the groups decision

and the individual decision that member within the groupwould make; can be either toward conservatism or greater

risk.


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Symptoms Of The Groupthink

Phenomenon

Group members rationalize any resistance to theassumptions they have made.

Members apply direct pressures on those whoexpress doubts about shared views or whoquestion the alternative favored by the majority.

Members who have doubts or differing point of

views keep silent about misgivings (doubts).

There appears to be an illusion (false impression)of unanimity (agreement).


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Group Decision-Making Techniques

Interacting Groups

Typical groups, in which the members interact with each

other face-to-face.

Nominal Group Technique

A group decision-making method in which individual membersmeet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but

independent fashion.they are presented with a problem. They write

ideas on it independently then each member share ideas one by one

until all ideas have been presented. no discussion starts until all

ideas have been presented


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Group Decision-Making Techniques

Electronic Meeting

A meeting in which members interact on computers,

allowing for anonymity (secrecy) of comments and

aggregation of votes.

Brainstorming

An idea-generation process that specifically encourages

any and all alternatives, while withholding any criticism

of those alternatives.


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Conflict management

Conflict

Perceived incompatible differences that result

in interference or opposition

Traditional view

All conflict is bad & must be avoided

Interactionist viewView that some conflict is necessary for a

group to perform effectively


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Types of conflict

Functional conflicts

Conflict that supports a groups goal & improve its performance

Dysfunctional conflicts

Conflict that prevents a group from achieving its goals

Task conflict

Over contents & goals of the work

Relationship conflict

Based on interpersonal relationships

Process conflict

Conflict over how works get done


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Conflict resolution techniques

Avoiding

Resolving conflict by withdrawing from or suppressing them

Accomodating

Resolving conflict by placing anothers needs & concerns above your own

Compromising

Resolving conflict by each party giving up something of value

Collaborating

Resolving conflict by seeking an advantageous solution for all parties

Forcing

Resolving conflict by satisfying ones own needs at the expense of anothers


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TEAMSTEAM Stands for

Together Everyone tochieve More


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What is TeamBriefly, Team can be defined as:

small group with complementary skills whohold themselves mutually accountable forcommon purpose.

Benefit of Team Formation:

Teams are more flexible and responsive tochanges.

Teams facilitate employee involvement. Teams are an effective way to democratize and

increase motivation.

Team increase performance.


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Requirements of a Team


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General Advice for Team Building:

Be patient and kind with your team.

Fix the problem instead of blaming people.

Establish regular, effective meetings.

Limit the size of work teams to three to sevenmembers.

Nurtures team members and encourage them to

hel each other.


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Team Versus Group: Whats the

Difference

Work Group

A group that interacts primarily to

share information and to make

decisions to help each groupmember perform within his or her

area of responsibility.

Work Team

A group whose individual efforts

result in a performance that is

greater than the sum of the

individual inputs.


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Comparing Work Groups and Work

Teams


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categories of teams

Purpose teams e.g. product development,problem solving

Structure

supervised v/s self-managed

Membership

Functional v/s cross-functional

Duration

Permanent v/s temporary


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Types of Teams

Problem-Solving Teams

Groups of 5 to 12 employees from the

same department who meet for a few hours

each week to discuss ways of improving

quality, efficiency, and the workenvironment.

Self-Managed Work Teams

Groups of 10 to 15 people who take onthe responsibilities of their former

supervisors.


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Types of Teams (contd)

Task forces

Committees

Cross-Functional Teams

Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but

from different work areas, who come together to

accomplish a task.


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Types of Teams (contd)

Virtual Teams

Teams that use computer

technology to tie together

physically dispersed members in

order to achieve a common goal.


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A Team-

EffectivenessModel


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Creating Effective Teams


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Creating Effective Teams (contd)


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Key Roles of Teams


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Effects of Group Processes

+

=


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Creating Effective Teams: Diversity

Group DemographyThe degree to which members of a group share a common

demographic attribute, such as age, sex, race, educational

level, or length of service in the organization, and the

impact of this attribute on turnover.

Cohorts

Individuals who, as part of agroup, hold a common attribute.


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Turning Individuals Into Team Players

The Challenges

Overcoming individual resistance to team membership. so that individual

consider himself to be a part of team not as an individual only

Countering the influence of individualistic cultures.

Introducing teams in an organization that has historically valued individual

achievement. Shaping Team Players

Selecting employees who can fulfill their team roles.

Training employees to become team players.

Reworking the reward system to encourage cooperative efforts whilecontinuing to recognize individual contributions.


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Teams and Quality Management

Team Effectiveness and Quality Management Requires

That Teams:

1. Are small enough to be efficient and effective.

2. Are properly trained in required skills.

3. Allocated enough time to work on problems.

4. Are given authority to resolve problems and take

corrective action.5. Have a designated champion to call on when needed.


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Beware: Teams Arent Always the Answer

Three tests to see if a team fits the situation:

Is the work complex and is there a need for different

perspectives? diversity of opinion)

Does the work create a common purpose or set of goals forthe group that is larger than the aggregate of the goals for

individuals?(synergy)

Are members of the group involved in interdependent

tasks?


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Group vs Teams Formulation of group