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WORK TEAM AND GROUP
Presented by: Briola, Cynthia R.Abucay, Michael JoeEscalante, Lyka
What is Group?
A group may be defined as two or
more person, interacting and
interdependent, who have come
together to achieve certain
objectives.
Classification of Groups
Formal Group:
“A designated work group
defined by the organization’s
structure”
Informal Group:
“A group that is neither
formally structured nor
organizationally determined;
appears in response to the need
for social contact”
Types of Formal & Informal Group:
Command group
Task group
Interest group
Friendship group
Command Group
“A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a
given manager.”
Example:
An army officer and his subordinate soldiers form a command
group.
Task Group
“Task group Represents those working together to complete a
job task.”
Example:
A panel of employers to conduct interviews for the new
post
Interest Group
“Those working together to attain a specific objective with
which each is concerned.”
Example:
Employees who band together to support a peer who
has been fired.
Friendship Group
“Those brought together because they share one or more
common characteristics.”
Example:
Groups based on similar age, heritage etc.
Why People Form Groups
People form a group for reason such as:
Need satisfaction
Proximity
Attraction
Goals
Economics
Forming
Storming
Stages Of Group Development
Norming
Adjourning
Performin
g
Roles Within Groups
Knowledge contribution
Process observer
People supporter
challenger
Listener
Mediator
Gatekeeper
Take-charge leader
This are specific roles that are deemed important in the group process.
These are the following:
Advantages of Groups
More inputs from various perspectives can be made available for effective decision making;
Synergism is more likely when people work together as a group;
People in the group are more supportive on the decision that were formulated with their assistance;
It allows the efficient exchange of information for effective problem solving;
The opportunity for fulfilling the safety, affiliation, and esteem needs of group members is made available; and
Group members get support from each other.
Disadvantages of Groups
Group activity is usually slower and more cumbersome because every member has the opportunity to make contribution;
Group meetings are held to disseminate strictly routine data that could be more efficiently conveyed in writing through interoffice memorandum;
The group’s decision may be diluted by every member’s input making the decision ineffective;
Accountability is often a problem with group activity;
There are occasions when some members shrink responsibility and let other members of the group do the work;
When the group is highly cohesive and motivated, outside criticism tends to be ignored as group members look inward for reinforcement of each other’s opinions.
Group Think
This term may briefly defined as a deterioration of mental
efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgement in the interest of
group cohesiveness. Individual thinking is brought in line with the
average quality of the group’s thinking.
How to minimize Group Think?
Monitor Group Size
Encouraging Group Leader
Seeking View From Each Member
Stimulate active discussion
Techniques in Group Decision Making
Interacting Groups Brainstorming
Nominal Group
Techniques
Electronic Meeting
Interacting GroupsAre typical groups in which members interact with each other face- to-face. These essence of interaction is the sending and receiving of information though oral, written, and nonverbal communication.
The main drawback of this technique is its susceptibility to “groupthink”.
BrainstormingIs a group problem-solving technique which promotes creativityby encouraging members to come up with any ideas, no matter How strange, without fear of criticism.
In brainstorming the participants are required to observe the following procedures:1. generate as many ideas as possible;2. be creative, freewheeling, and imaginative;3. build upon, extend, or combine earlier ideas; and4. withhold criticism of others’ ideas.
Nominal Group Techniques
Is a group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgements in a systematic but independent fashion.
1. individual members quietly list their ideas.
2. ideas are written on a chart one a time until all ideas are listed.
3. brief time is allotted so that questions can be asked, but only for clarification.
4. a written vote is taken and the group decision is announced.
The following discrete steps are undertaken in the nominal group technique:
Electronic MeetingIs a decision-making technique wherein members interact through computers, allowing anonymity of comments and aggregation of votes. This technique features the distinct advantages of anonymity, honesty, and speed.
Forming
Forming
Characteristics
Members tend to
be:
• Tentative
• Polite
• Having little
conflicts
Activities
Team needs to
• Identify its
purpose
• Group processes
• Develop group
norms
Storming
Storming
Characteristics
Members tend to:
• Exhibit increased
conflict
• Less conformity
• “Jockeying” for
power.
Activities
Members need to
learn
• How to resolve
conflict
• Clarify their
roles
• Power
• Structure
Norming
Norming
Characteristics
Demonstrate an:
• Improved ability
to complete tasks
• Solve problems
• Resolve conflict.
Activities
Members must
• Exhibit good
behaviors
• Mutual trust
• Motivation
• Open
communication
Performing
Performin
g
Characteristics
• Energetic
• Creative
• Participative
• Motivated
• Show high levels
of loyalty
• Group decision-
making.
Activities
• Self-directing in
development of
plans
• Strategy to meet
their goals
• Carry out work
Adjourning
Adjourning
Characteristics
• Purpose achieved
• Ready to move on to new
things
• A positive feeling about the
group achievement.
Atta Ullah Afridi