WORK TEAM AND GROUP

Presented by: Briola, Cynthia R.Abucay, Michael JoeEscalante, Lyka

What is Group?

A group may be defined as two or

more person, interacting and

interdependent, who have come

together to achieve certain

objectives.

Classification of Groups

Formal Group:

“A designated work group

defined by the organization’s

structure”

Informal Group:

“A group that is neither

formally structured nor

organizationally determined;

appears in response to the need

for social contact”

Types of Formal & Informal Group:

Command group

Task group

Interest group

Friendship group

Command Group

“A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a

given manager.”

Example:

An army officer and his subordinate soldiers form a command

group.

Task Group

“Task group Represents those working together to complete a

job task.”

Example:

A panel of employers to conduct interviews for the new

post

Interest Group

“Those working together to attain a specific objective with

which each is concerned.”

Example:

Employees who band together to support a peer who

has been fired.

Friendship Group

“Those brought together because they share one or more

common characteristics.”

Example:

Groups based on similar age, heritage etc.

Why People Form Groups

People form a group for reason such as:

Need satisfaction

Proximity

Attraction

Goals

Economics

Forming

Storming

Stages Of Group Development

Norming

Adjourning

Performin

g

Roles Within Groups

Knowledge contribution

Process observer

People supporter

challenger

Listener

Mediator

Gatekeeper

Take-charge leader

This are specific roles that are deemed important in the group process.

These are the following:

Advantages of Groups

More inputs from various perspectives can be made available for effective decision making;

Synergism is more likely when people work together as a group;

People in the group are more supportive on the decision that were formulated with their assistance;

It allows the efficient exchange of information for effective problem solving;

The opportunity for fulfilling the safety, affiliation, and esteem needs of group members is made available; and

Group members get support from each other.

Disadvantages of Groups

Group activity is usually slower and more cumbersome because every member has the opportunity to make contribution;

Group meetings are held to disseminate strictly routine data that could be more efficiently conveyed in writing through interoffice memorandum;

The group’s decision may be diluted by every member’s input making the decision ineffective;

Accountability is often a problem with group activity;

There are occasions when some members shrink responsibility and let other members of the group do the work;

When the group is highly cohesive and motivated, outside criticism tends to be ignored as group members look inward for reinforcement of each other’s opinions.

Group Think

This term may briefly defined as a deterioration of mental

efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgement in the interest of

group cohesiveness. Individual thinking is brought in line with the

average quality of the group’s thinking.

How to minimize Group Think?

Monitor Group Size

Encouraging Group Leader

Seeking View From Each Member

Stimulate active discussion

Techniques in Group Decision Making

Interacting Groups Brainstorming

Nominal Group

Techniques

Electronic Meeting

Interacting GroupsAre typical groups in which members interact with each other face- to-face. These essence of interaction is the sending and receiving of information though oral, written, and nonverbal communication.

The main drawback of this technique is its susceptibility to “groupthink”.

BrainstormingIs a group problem-solving technique which promotes creativityby encouraging members to come up with any ideas, no matter How strange, without fear of criticism.

In brainstorming the participants are required to observe the following procedures:1. generate as many ideas as possible;2. be creative, freewheeling, and imaginative;3. build upon, extend, or combine earlier ideas; and4. withhold criticism of others’ ideas.

Nominal Group Techniques

Is a group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgements in a systematic but independent fashion.

1. individual members quietly list their ideas.

2. ideas are written on a chart one a time until all ideas are listed.

3. brief time is allotted so that questions can be asked, but only for clarification.

4. a written vote is taken and the group decision is announced.

The following discrete steps are undertaken in the nominal group technique:

Electronic MeetingIs a decision-making technique wherein members interact through computers, allowing anonymity of comments and aggregation of votes. This technique features the distinct advantages of anonymity, honesty, and speed.

Forming

Forming

Characteristics

Members tend to

be:

• Tentative

• Polite

• Having little

conflicts

Activities

Team needs to

• Identify its

purpose

• Group processes

• Develop group

norms

Storming

Storming

Characteristics

Members tend to:

• Exhibit increased

conflict

• Less conformity

• “Jockeying” for

power.

Activities

Members need to

learn

• How to resolve

conflict

• Clarify their

roles

• Power

• Structure

Norming

Norming

Characteristics

Demonstrate an:

• Improved ability

to complete tasks

• Solve problems

• Resolve conflict.

Activities

Members must

• Exhibit good

behaviors

• Mutual trust

• Motivation

• Open

communication

Performing

Performin

g

Characteristics

• Energetic

• Creative

• Participative

• Motivated

• Show high levels

of loyalty

• Group decision-

making.

Activities

• Self-directing in

development of

plans

• Strategy to meet

their goals

• Carry out work

Adjourning

Adjourning

Characteristics

• Purpose achieved

• Ready to move on to new

things

• A positive feeling about the

group achievement.

Atta Ullah Afridi