ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

PRESENTATION ON :

GROUPS AND TEAMS

Presented by:MRINAL GAUTAMIMBA , 3rd sem.

Topics of discussion:

1. What are groups?2. What are teams?3. Importance of groups.4. Group formation.5. Types of groups.6. Group development model.

1. What are groups

A group is a collection of people working together to achieve a common assigned task under certain conditions.

The people in a group are assigned a common goal and they work together coordinating with each other to achieve their goals.

2. What are teams?A team is a small group of people with complementary skills, working with each other to achieve a specific, common goal or objective.

Teams often are difficult to form. It takes time for members to learn how to work together.

example: INDIAN CRICKET TEAM.

NOTE:All teams are groups but not all groups are teams.

3. Importance of groups

1. Helps in building effective decisional ground.2. Helps the management and the organization in

problem solving in uncertain situations.3. Helps in achieving higher level of productivity.4. Satisfaction of needs of the individuals.5. Individuals derive their identities through

membership in groups.

4. How are groups formed Group formation

Created officially for a specific purpose

Created unofficially and spontaneously

By people fromsimilar background

Large groups formed with the aim of learningfrom each other

FORMAL GROUPS

INFORMAL GROUPS

COHORT GROUPS

COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE (COP)

5. TYPES OF GROUPS

Types of groups

By size By purpose By tenure By position

Small

Large

task group Coalition

Cohort

Interest group

On-time

On-going

Formal

Informal

BY SIZE:

1. Small group- a group consisting minimum of 2-5 members, working together towards a small task, which is required to be accomplished soon.

2. Large group- any group with more than 5 or 10 members created to work towards a more professional task and to accomplish it with all possible efforts, is a large group

A small group

A large group

BY PURPOSE:

1. Task groups - includes task forces and planning groups which are formed for a specific task in hand.

2. Coalition - formed by individuals when they want to protect their interests in a way that cannot be done by a single individual.

3. Cohort - a group of people who share a similar background, and have a similar perspective on things.

example: batch-mates, people from same educational background.

A cohort group by the members at the OXFORD UNIVERSITY.

(cont.…)

4. Interest groups - any group formed by people who share a common interest, is a interest group.

Group of people with common interest.

BY TENURE:

1. on-time - some groups are created only at the time when any specific task is needed to be accomplished. These are on-time groups. They stop working after the specified task is completed.

2. On-going -these are those groups that once created, keep on functioning all the times. They keep on going. They and their actions are involved in everyday functioning of the organisation.

BY POSITION:

1. Formal groups - are created officially for a specific purpose.

2. Informal groups - emerge unofficially and spontaneously.

A formal group at any business organisation

An informal group formed spontaneously by some playmates.

6. How groups develop

The five stage model:

1. FORM

2. STOR

M

3. NORM

4. PERFORM

5. ADJORN

-

(CONT….)

1. Form -starting with ideas of group goals and objectives. There is uncertainty and confusion in among the members.

2. Storm - conflict and confrontation in the group due lack of clarity.

3. Norm - development and appreciation of the team and its members.

4. Perform - the group is ready to act and perform on the ground.

5. Adjourn – moving towards the next task, after the completion of the first one.

Questions---

Q1) Which type of group is one that managers establish to achieve organizational goals in a condition where there is a conflict in the organization and all the members are new?

Q2) Do people join and continue in groups because they want to get benefits out of the groups?

SYNERGY

•When individual work in group, the group output is greater than the sum of output of individuals taken together. This is called synergy which causes process gains.

Some common process gains:

•More informationMore objective evaluationStimulationLearning

Social facilitation

It is a positive, predictable group phenomenon.

Individuals to perform better in presence of others.

Individuals desire to get the attention of other individuals in the group.

Get attention by performing better or working harder.

Social compensation

Occurs when some group members work harder in a group , to cover for the other group members performance.

Social compensators feel compelled to contribute to the collective goal in order to make up for the inadequate contributions of their co-workers.

Social loafingPeople in a group often do not work as hard as

they do when they work on their own in presence of other co -workers.

Social loafing is most likely to occur where direct observation or evaluation is not possible and when the goal and rewards are given on the team basis.

• Identifying and evaluating individuals member’s contribution

• Enhancing personal involvement with the task• Recognizing the uniqueness of individual

contributions• Strengthening group cohesiveness • Remedies against social

loafing

Difference Between Group and TeamsBasis of Differentiation

Teams Groups

Leadership Leadership is essentially shared

One Leader

Interdependence

Greater interdependence

Less interdependence

Outcome Collective or joint work product

No collective outcome

Motivation Motivated by purpose of performance

Motivated by Leader

Dependence Collective work product

Depend heavily on individual work

Popular Types of TeamsCross Functional Teams ( CFT)Objective:-co-ordination and integration of various specialist discipline and function with in organization

Key Features:-• Members have expertise in different field

• May are of different Age and values

• Interdependence is more than other type of teams

• Many lead to conflicts among divergent view point which can

generate discussion and thought resulting in new ideas.

• Suitable for creative activity such as new product development

Self Directed Work Teams (SDWT)Objective:- To coup with typical cases of downsizing and

delayering.

Key features:-

• Greater degree of member empowerment

• Greater degree of authority is shared, decision making is

participative

• The solve problem at the lowest possible level

• The evaluate and challenge their own work Virtual Teams

Virtual teams are the result of increasing use of technology in group processes such as communication and decision making

Key features:- The processes are so integrated by technology that the members can interact and function without always having to meet face-to-face.

THANK YOU