Globalization - - FoldableHealth Environment

Climate Change –

Fresh Water Challenge –

Deforestation –

Land Scarcity –

Increased Trade = Spread of Disease

World Health Organization (WHO) –

UNICEF –

World Food Programme –

Globalization and the EnvironmentGlobalization is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural, and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integration and interaction and interaction among people and companies in disparate locations.

• Positive-As an engine of commerce; brings an increased standard of living to developing countries and further wealth to First World and Third World countries.

• Negative-As an engine of “corporate imperialism"; tramples over the human rights of developing societies, claims to bring prosperity, yet often simply amounts to plundering. Negative effects include environmental destruction.

Global Environmental Issues

• Climate Change• Fresh Water Challenge• Deforestation• Land Conservation

Climate Change

• The change in global climate patterns during the 20th century is attributed to to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

Causes

• Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, volcanic eruptions, and human influences.

Consequences• Higher Temperatures• Changing Landscapes• Wildlife at Risk• Rising Seas (salt

water)• Risk of Drought, fire

and floods• Stronger Storms &

storm damage• Heat-related illness &

Disease• Economic Losses

What is being done?

• Kyoto Protocol - a treaty that would require countries across the world to tackle the causes of climate change. – it called for a total reduction in carbon dioxide

emissions, which contribute to the greenhouse effect, by 5% below 1990 levels.

• Cutting Emissions– EU member states committed to a 8%

reduction in emissions and reported a 11% reduction from 1990 to 2010. 

Fresh Water Challenge• Pressures on the resources of the planet are

putting our access to fresh water at risk. Many people are already feeling this strain, and so too is nature – as rivers, lakes and other freshwater ecosystems face collapse across the planet. 

Consequences• Lack of access to water for drinking, hygiene, and food

security inflicts enormous hardship on more than one billion people

• Health related issues such as spread of disease • Reduced food production

What is being done?

• Better public and community control of water utilities;

• Repairing old water systems, • Using less water for agriculture by using

drip irrigation• Stopping pollution of the water we do have• Increasing water conservation and

focusing resources on watershed management.

Deforestation• Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on

a massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area, but areas the size of Panama are lost each and every year.

Causes:Agriculture – clearing land for cropsLogging operations – wood & paper products

Consequences• Loss of habitat for millions of species.• Leading cause of climate change:

– Removing trees deprives the forest of portions of its canopy, which blocks the sun’s rays during the day and holds in heat at night. This disruption leads to more extreme temperatures swings that can be harmful to plants and animals.

What is being done?• Greenpeace investigates, exposes and confronts

environmental abuse by corporations around the world, and takes action with its supporters.

• Wilderness Act, Lacey Act and the Roadless Rule protect U.S. forests and stop illegal wood products from entering the U.S. marketplace.

• Treaties like the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to help protect forests and the endangered plant and animal species that rely on forests for habitats.

Land Scarcity• The growing world population is putting strains on the

livable land space on Earth. Less land is available for humans, animals, and plants. The causes of land scarcity is a growing population and over-use of available land.

Causes

• Increasing population: by the year 2050, it is estimated that the population of the Earth will be over 9 billion people.

Consequences• Desertification• Deforestation• Loss of Ecosystems• Animal and Plant Extinction

What is being done?• Education and empowerment: Many believe overpopulation

is a result of ignorance and inaccessibility. So to curb it, many suggest that programs aimed at spreading awareness will help minimize population stresses.

• Environmental protection and research for alternative resources: A population can only grow as much as its resources, so various initiatives are aimed at preserving the environment (which is being damaged by this overpopulation issue) and looking into alternative sustainable resources.

• Accessibility to reproductive health care: There are countless organizations dedicated to helping women and youth have access to reproductive health care.

Global Health IssuesIncreased Trade = Spread of Disease

As far back as the Middle Ages, disease spread throughout the world because of international trade (small pox, bubonic plagues).

Today, there is an increase in the spread of disease because of increased trade among nations.

Global Health places a priority on improving health, achieving equity in health for all people worldwide, and the protection against global health threats.

Cryptosporidiosis

Lyme BorreliosisReston virus

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

Dengue haemhorrhagic fever

Cholera

E.coli O157

West Nile Fever

Typhoid

DiphtheriaE.coli O157

EchinococcosisLassa feverYellow fever

Ebola haemorrhagic fever

O’nyong-nyong fever

Human Monkeypox

Cholera 0139Dengue haemhorrhagic fever

Influenza (H5N1)

Cholera

RVF/VHF

nvCJD

Ross River virus

Equine morbillivirus

Hendra virus

BSE

Multidrug resistant Salmonella

E.coli non-O157

West Nile Virus

Malaria

Nipah VirusReston Virus

Legionnaire’s Disease

Buruli ulcer

SARS

W135

SARS

Emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases 1996 to 2003

Global Public Health Problems

SARS/other infectious diseases Persistent Organic

Pollutants, Climate Change

Hazardous and Nuclear Waste

BioweaponsLand Mines

Global Public Health Problems

International Organizations

• World Health Organization (WHO)• UNICEF• World Food Programme (WFP)

World Health Organization (WHO)

• Maintain an effective international system that is able to assess the global public health risks and is prepared to respond rapidly to unexpected, internationally-spreading events and to contain specific public health threats.

• International Regulations on hazardous waste trade are required to protect populations from disease posed by trading across international borders.

* WHO 2003

UNICEF• The United Nations Children's Fund

(UNICEF) is a United Nations Program headquartered in New York City that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries.

World Food Programme

• Is the food assistance branch of the United Nations and the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security.