Globalisation & the Architect INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Budapest Mar 2009 Gaëtan Siew - UIA IP President

Globalisation&

the Architect

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS

Budapest Mar 2009 Gaëtan Siew - UIA IP President

GlobalisationQuestions ?

Globalisation – Architectural Services

Key Issues

•An international policy•A conspiracy•A Strategy

1. Context – Global Trends2. Education3. Practice4. International standards5. The Future

Asymmetry1. Context Global Trends


Emerging Economies

•70% of world population of •architects from developed countries•Students architects from developing countries

•70% of world market of architecture in the developing world•Africa = 50 000 architects•Europe = 500 000 architects

•BRICS•EX-USSR – Transition countries•Gulf oil rich countries•Newly accessed EU countries•Africa – Star countries like Angola, Equatorial Guinea•Global Japanese real estate investments – Merger/Acquisitions•Intensive tourism development in Asia

Context

Kuala Lumpur

Political Framework - MRAs


Context

•APEC: 14 countries•EEC – 30 countries•Schenghen – 24 countries mobility•NAFTA – US, Canada, Mexico

1. Context Global Trends

ANZCERTA

ASEAN

SAARC/SAFTA

CIS

EU

GCC

UMA

UEMOA

CEMAC

COMESA

SADC

SACU

NAFTA

G3

MCCA

CARICOM

MERCOSUR

EFTA

•MRA s bypass registration procedures•MRAs – ACE: Mexico, Cuba , US•AU-NZ : Singapore and US

Change in needs


Education

•Imbalance: more students in developed countries – except China•Training in one location – Practice in a different location

2. Education

New role of the architect

•Corporate social responsibility •Cities & poverty

•Presence at higher decision level•Competition with engineers•Real Estate positions

•Global marketplace •Professional business management skills•International business practice

Sao Paulo

New York


Education

2. Education

•Sustainability•Energy conservation•Green technology

•Cultural Identity

Change in curriculum contents

Global Footprint


Practice

3. PracticeGlobal Trends

•Larger firms more than 100 employees•Larger scope of services•Market specialised niche•Multidisciplinary – QS, Lawyers, Construction managers,•Competition from other professions – Engineers, Project Managers

Extent of Trade

•US 2007 international architectural fees = 2,8 billions €•Exporters : US, EU, Australia, Japan and Canada•Importers:Asia, Middle East, Ex-USSR •Growth:

•Asia 6,1 %, Eastern EU 4,5%, Middle East and Africa 4,2%•South America 3,9%, North America 2,7 % , Western EU 1,8%

•China, Gulf states and Brazil in Africa•US, UK, AU in Asia•EU in ex-USSR states

Our Assets

4. UIA

Globalisation- Architectural Services

2005 915,402,339,0006,453,639,850

83,71%

2002 764,764,672,0006,097,066,860

78,38% +5,33%

•Organised Advocacy capacity•Accreditation power – Validation – Training•Geographical network•Standards development•Credibility and Reputation•International Database of expertise•Power of communication

Global Assets

Vision & Mission

Five MissionsPrinciples

Vision & Strategy

Development

To transform the present UIA into a unique world recognised body for the profession and for Architecture•International Standards•International Policies•International Architectural Observatory•Plan the future

POLICIES

To promote better recognition of Architecture and ArchitectsTo make our action more pertinent and coherent whilst recognising the great diversity of cultures, challenges and practices.•Promote Architecture•Promote Architects•Reinforce our Network of Strategic Partnerships

ADVOCACY

To establish a solidarity and cooperation network among architects of the world.To speed up change to achieve targets set by UIA policies•Education•Professional Practice•Knowledge Sharing•International Cooperation

CAPACITY BUILDING

To strengthen and develop UIA.•Reinforce the Organisation•Sustainable Resources•Reinforce our Network of Commercial Partnerships•Manage all the partners’ agreements

DEVELOPMENT

To become a powerful communication network•External Representation•Engage UIA Membership•Expand UIA Membership

REPRESENTATION

VISIONBuild a better Environment for Humanity

Development

Harmonisation


Education

•Minimum 5 years - Undergraduate•Minimum 2 years – Practical Experience – HMO?•Bologna Directive – 4 years•1999 UIA Accord •2002 UIA UNESCO Charter •Schools outside these minima - problems

2. Education

Schools Accreditation - Validation

•1400 Schools/Universities worldwide•International mobility•International recognition of qualifications•Anglo-Saxon model – Profession control system•State controlled system•2002 -UIA-UNESCO Validation system

CPD


Education

•47 Countries – Existing systems•17 Countries – Mandatory•EU – ACE : Towards mandatory system•Mandatory annually to renew the practice license•Contents

•New technologies•Changing forms of practice•Building Codes & Regulations

•Architects practising away from home•UIA CPD International system

2. Education

Practice WorldwideStatistics 03 Studentsnumber of students unknown (7): Belgium, Benin, Canada, Congo R.D., Spain, Italy, Mexicono schools of architecture (6): Andorra, Netherlands Antilles, Congo, Mauritius, Namibia, Trinidad & Tobago

country/territory arch. stud. ratio

CN P.R. of China 36.000 410.000 11,389HN Honduras 450 1.300 2,889IR Iran 3.400 8.000 2,353NG Nigeria 4.500 10.000 2,222 CZ Czech Republic 2.921 5.000 1,712SD Sudan 800 1.300 1,625KR South Korea 10.140 12.000 1,183CR Costa Rica 2.003 2.145 1,071AR Argentina 42.000 44.000 1,048

IN India 30.000 26,000 0,867DE Germany 50.000 41.759 0,835PT Portugal 12.113 9.302 0,768BD Bangladesh 1.181 900 0,762FR France 26.964 19.000 0,705RO Romania 5.500 3.800 0,691MY Malaysia 3.167 1.898 0,599SI Slovenia 1.200 700 0,583CH Switzerland 5.330 3.000 0,563SK Slovakia 2.500 1.400 0,560PL Poland 13.500 6.770 0,501UZ Uzbekistan 1.099 550 0,500AU Australia 11.605 5.486 0,473MT Malta 515 237 0,460FI Finland 3.500 1.600 0,457RU Russia 11.883 5.000 0,421SG Singapore 1.469 617 0,420

country/territory arch. stud. ratio

PS Palestina 1.074 450 0,419

EC Ecuador 13.400 5.250 0,392US United States 102.000 36.300 0,356UK United Kingdom 30.399 10.000 0,329GR Greece 15.756 5.000 0,317LT Lithuania 2.700 838 0,310HR Croatia 3.000 920 0,307BO Bolivia 5.265 1.500 0,285NL Netherlands 8.350 2.280 0,273JP Japan 307.558 80.000 0,260EG Egypt 30,200 30,000 0,257HK Hong Kong 2.040 500 0,245SE Sweden 5.376 1.300 0,242AM Armenia 1.200 250 0,208GE Georgia 2.500 500 0,200ZA South Africa 4.271 800 0,187TR Turkey 29.655 5.000 0,169MK FYR of Macedonia 3.000 500 0,167HU Hungary 8.400 1.400 0,167

IE Ireland 2.500 400 0,160EE Estonia 700 105 0,150IL Israel 7.000 1.000 0,143CS Serbia & Montenegro8.000 1.000 0,125BR Brazil 80.000 8.500 0,106NZ New Zealand 1.650 175 0,106BY Belarus X 1.400 X

2005: 0.422‰

2010: 0.402‰

Practice Worldwide

STATISTICS02 Architects

Num. arch. unspecified (2): Belarus, Mexico

2010: 0.480‰

2002: 0.266‰

country/territory inhab. arch.ratio

JP Japan 127,914,000 307,5582.404

IT Italy 57,253,000 111,0631.940

MK FYR Macedonia 2,076,000 3,0001.445

GR Greece 10,978,000 15,7561.435

LU Luxembourg 437,000 6001.373

MT Malta 397,000 5151.297

PT Portugal 10,080,000 12,1131.202

DK Denmark 5,320,000 6,0001.128

IS Iceland 279,000 3141.125

BE Belgium 10,359,000 11,5001.110

AR Argentina 39,311,000 42,0001.068

IL Israel 6,685,000 7,0001.047

EC Ecuador 13,379,000 13,4001.002

ES Spain 41,184,000 40,7410.989

AD Andorra 75,000 690.920

NO Norway 4,469,000 3,8000.850

HU Hungary 10,139,000 8,4000.828LT Lithuania 3,401,0002,700 0.794

CO Colombia 42,105,000 33,3000.791

CS Serbia &Mtgro 10,513,000 8,0000.761

CH Switzerland 7,157,000 5,3300.745

HR Croatia 4,405,000 3,0000.681

FI Finland 5,224,000 3,5000.670

IE Ireland 4,040,000 2,5000.619

SI Slovenia 1,979,000 1,2000.606

DE Germany 82,560,000 50,0000.606

SE Sweden 8,895,000 5,3760.604

CL Chile 15,211,000 9,0000.592

AU Australia 20,092,000 11,6050.578

BO Bolivia 9,138,000 5,2650.576

EE Estonia 1,294,000 7000.541


VE Venezuela 24,170,000 13,0000.538

BG Bulgaria 7,949,000 4,1780.526

NL Netherlands 16,300,000 8,3500.512

UK United Kingdom 59,818,000 30,3990.508

GE Georgia 5,026,000 2,5000.497

LV Latvia 2,421,000 1,2000.496

SK Slovakia 5,411,000 2,5000.462

CR Costa Rica 4,372,000 2,0030.458

FR France 60,525,000 26,9640.446

BR Brazil 182,798,000 80,0000.438

NZ New Zealand 3,932,000 1,6500.420

TR Turkey 73,302,000 29,6550.405

AM Armenia 3,043,000 1,2000.394

AT Austria 8,080,000 3,1040.384

PL Poland 38,516,000 13,5000.351

US United States 300,038,000 102,0000.340

SG Singapore 4,372,000 1,4690.336

CZ Czech Republic 10,216,000 2,9210.286

HK Hong Kong 7,182,000 2,0400.284

PS Palestine 3,815,000 1,0740.282

EG Egypt 74,878,000 30,200.266PR Puerto Rico 3,915,000 1,027

0.262RO Romania 22,228,000 5,500

0.247CA Canada 31,972,000 7,500

0.235PH Phillipines 75,653,000 16,000

0.211KR Rep. of Korea 48,182,000 10,140

0.210MO Macao 444,000 71

0.160MD Moldova 4,295,000 670

0.156TN Tunisia 9,459,000 1,400

0.148UA Ukraine 49,568,000 7,100

0.143


AN Neth. Antilles 224,000 300.134

MY Malaysia 25,325,000 3,1670.125

VN Vietnam 78,137,000 8,5000.109

MU Mauritius 1,244,000 1260.101

ZA South Africa 45,323,000 4,2710.094

RU Russia 141,553,000 11,8830.084

TT Trinidad & Tobago 1,311,000 1000.076

HN Honduras 7,257,000 4500.062

NA Namibia 2,032,000 1040.051

MA Morocco 29,878,000 1,4500.049

IR Iran 70,675,000 3,4000.048

UZ Uzbekistan 26,868,000 1,0990.041

NG Nigeria 130,236,000 4,5000.035

ID Indonesia 212,092,000 6,0000.028

CN P.R. of China 1,299,487,000 36,0000.028

LK Sri Lanka 18,924,000 4850.026

IN India 1,008,937,000 25,0000.025

SD Sudan 35,040,000 8000.023

CG Congo 3,921,000 700.018

KE Kenia 30,669,000 5000.016

BJ Benin 7,103,000 1070.015

ML Mali 13,829,000 2000.014

CD D.R. of Congo 56,079,000 8000.014

ZW Zimbabwe 12,627,000 1000.008

BD Bangladesh 152,593,000 1,1810.008

TZ Tanzania 35,119,000 1710.005

SL Sierra Leone 5,340,000 200.004

TD Chad 9,117,000 200.002

BY Belarus 9,809,000 X

MX Mexico 106,385,000 X


UIA

4.UIA – Practice UIA Accord - International Guidelines

•Professionalism Standards•Education•Scope of Practice•Practice in a host nation•Intellectual Property – Copyright•Role of Professional Bodies•Practical Experience – Training – Internship•CPD•Demonstration of Professional Knowledge•Ethics and Conduct•Accreditation – Validation – Recognition•Registration – Licensing – Certification•Form of Practice•Computer Practice•Building Delivery Systems•Codes and Standards•Use with National Governments•Mutual Recognition AgreementsAbu Dhabi

Extreme Mobility of

has removed all barriers of protection

Globalisation = ContextConclusion


The Future

•People•Goods•Ideas and Concepts

•When wealth and world assets are shared•Forced or natural•Depending on our desire of solidarity

Changing Role of the Architect - Solidarity

Globalisation/Crisis = Danger + Opportunity 危机

Wealth 2015

Merci


Budapest Mar 2008 Gaëtan Siew - UIA I.P President

Documents

Globalisation & the Architect INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Budapest Mar 2009 Gaëtan Siew - UIA IP President