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Geology 101Geology 101Geology 101Geology 101
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Website: Website: facweb.northseattle.edu/tfurutanfacweb.northseattle.edu/tfurutan
Website: Website: facweb.northseattle.edu/tfurutanfacweb.northseattle.edu/tfurutan
Instructor:Instructor:Tracy FurutaniTracy [email protected]@northseattle.eduOffice hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328BOffice hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328B
Instructor:Instructor:Tracy FurutaniTracy [email protected]@northseattle.eduOffice hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328BOffice hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328B
Read the textbook and do the homework
- nearly cover-to-cover, see syllabus on the course web page
for weekly homework assignments
Attend class
- Hear topical overviews & ask questions
- Do labs & turn in & pick up HW
- Exams & extra credit opportunities
Go on the field trip
- Saturday, October 12, all day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.)
- Vans provided but bring a lunch
Talk to your classmates (form a study group)
- Labs, group projects, poster project are appropriate
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While in class, please:
Silence or turn off phones
Ask questions
Adhere to campus safety rules
Refrain from plagiarizing others’ work
Learn about the Earth
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Top Five Reasons: Top Five Reasons:
You absolutely LOVE geology (possible major)
You need a science credit to graduate & think geology is easier than physics &/or need it NOW to graduate (We feel your pain)
Just curious, might provide some amusement
No idea
It seemed like a good idea at the time
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Geology 101 Learning Tools:Geology 101 Learning Tools:Book – GEOLGEOL22 by Wicander and Monroe, 2 by Wicander and Monroe, 2ndnd ed. (2014) ed. (2014)
- An excellent, up to date review of field- Nicely-illustrated with good study aids
How to study - Read the chapter before lecture
- Review class presentations - Ask questions in class- Check for terms in glossary given throughout chapter- Make sure you get the Learning Outcomes (LO)- Use the CourseMate electronic resources- Do the homework; review the lab workUse the book’s Website to:- Reinforce concepts- Check knowledge by taking sample quizzes- Experience virtual field trips
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Geology 101 Learning Tools:Geology 101 Learning Tools:
Meet with your Instructor! - During office hours- Or, make an appointment- Use email!
Connect to Geology on a personal level and try to apply what you are learning.
- Think about how the concepts you are learning apply in your everyday life as you walk around on planet Earth!
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1 The catalog says:
GEOL& 101 Physical GeologyA survey-level introduction of this remarkable planet we call home. A study of the dynamic processes which drive the geologic world, the materials they produce, and how they are integrated in a global context. The course features a particular emphasis on the geology of the Pacific Northwest, which affords some truly spectacular illustrations of these subjects.
To develop critical thinking skills & a basic understanding of how the science works
Become familiar with some of the observational methods, reasoning processes and analytical tools used by geologists to understand the Earth and its history
Learn the basic scientific concepts and principles- essentially the current paradigm for how the Earth and its systems interact to produce what we see.
But also, we have these goals:
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You will be learning a new language!
Geology is a broad, interdisciplinary science with a rich vocabulary. The terminology we will use throughout this course will require that you learn a new language; in fact, this is true of most introductory science courses. You will learn nearly the same vocabulary as a first-quarter foreign language course.
We will all work together to find ways to become familiar with this vocabulary and the ideas it is designed to convey. But more is needed than simply memorizing terms. You also need to develop an understanding of the conceptual framework that the terminology is a part of, and how the words and concepts relate to each other.
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Enrich your understanding of the planet we depend upon for our survival.
Broaden your perspective of the relationship between humans & their environment.
Become as more responsible citizen and make smart investments in your future, and the future of your children.
Maybe you will decide to become one of the true, the proud and the brave and go on to major in geology!
Application of this new knowledge:Application of this new knowledge:G
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Lecture style designed to address the fact that different people learn differently:
Seeing/visual learning
Reading the written word
Hearing about it
Engaging through personal inquiry and discovery
Connecting what we learn in the classroom to what is out there!
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What methods will we need to succeed in geology?
An innate curiosity and willingness to ask questions
Good observational skills to recognize basic patterns and spatial relationships
A systematic approach to documenting, analyzing, and predicting observations
An ability to visualize in 3-dimensional space, while integrating the 4th dimension, time.
Willingness to learn and apply basic scientific principles from other sciences (physics, chemistry, math)
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Time…
Geology deals with complex historical systems that have evolved and changed over time.
Time is thus a fundamental variable in geology.
Coupled processes, operating over time produce all that we see.
Nature of scientific inquiry
Basic Concepts:Basic Concepts:
Scientific method
Observation
Hypothesis
Test
Scientific “certainty”
Paradigms and the nature of scientific revolutions
Theory
Nature of scientific inquiry
Science is based on:
assumption that the natural world behaves in a consistent & predictable manner
Goals of science:
understand underlying patterns in nature (from careful observations/measurements) form hypotheses that lead to predictions
Nature of scientific inquiry
Scientific method
gathering information through careful observation to formulate hypotheses and theories
note: involves insight and creativity to break freefrom conditioned accepted views
Nature of scientific inquiry
Four basic steps:
1) collect the facts (observation/measurement)
2) develop hypothesis (one or more)
3) test hypothesis
4) accept/modify/reject hypothesis
Nature of scientific inquiry
Process begins with Observation!Formulation of Hypotheses:
Construction of a quantifiable tentative explanationfor something observed
Value of multiple working hypothesesHypothesis must be falsifiable – that is, there are observations possible that contradict the theory
Testing hypothesesEvaluate explanatory power. Certainty in science and the nature of scientific proofScience has been described as the orderly accumulation of rejected hypotheses.
Nature of scientific inquiry
Theory
- well-tested/widely accepted hypothesis that“acceptably” predicts observed facts.
- also: explains additional observations not used
originally to form theory - predictive power (repeatable)
- still testable and subject to disproof!
AtmosphereAtmosphere
Protection from Sun’s heat & UV rays
Weather: due to exchange of energy between Earth’s surface &
atmosphere between atmosphere & outer space
Strongly interacts with surface
Blanket of gases surrounding the EarthBlanket of gases surrounding the Earth
HydrosphereHydrosphere
Oceans (most prominent) 71% of surface of Earth
Streams, lakes, glaciers, underground water
Atmosphere
Water portion of EarthWater portion of Earth
CryosphereCryosphere
Glaciers
Permafrost and ground ice
Polar ice caps
Frozen polar seas
Icy portion of EarthIcy portion of Earth’’s crusts crust
BiosphereBiosphere
Earth’s surface and subsurface to depths of a few kilometers
Life occupies an extreme range of environments
Life strongly interacts with the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the solid earth (these interactions are called ecology!)
EarthEarth’’s Ecosystemss Ecosystems
Prelude:Prelude: Earth’s internal structure
crust
mantle
core
Oceanic 0-6 km (“young”, < 180 m.y.)Continental 0-34 km (older, up to 3.8 b.y.)
Upper 34-670 kmLower 670-2900 km
Outer (liquid) 2900-5160 kmInner (solid) 5160-6370 km
3 distinct divisions:
Solid EarthSolid Earth Interior of the Earth is losing heat.Primary source of heat: Radioactive decayHeat loss drives convection, based on density differences
Hotter stuff is lighter and risesCooler stuff is denser and sinks.