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General Certificate of Secondary EducationFoundation TierJune 2010
Geography 40304F(Specification A)Short Course FMonday 14 June 2010 9.00 am to 10.00 am
For this paper you must have:• the colour insert.You may use a calculator.
Time allowed• 1 hour
Instructions• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing.• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.• Answer Two questions: one question from Section A and one question
from Section B.• You must answer the questions in the spaces, provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.• Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Information• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.• The maximum mark for this paper is 50.• You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice• Where appropriate, credit will be given for the use of diagrams to
illustrate answers and where reference is made to your personal investigative work. You are advised to allocate your time carefully.
Centre Number Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Candidate Signature
40304FM/June10/40304F 6/6/6/(JUN1040304F01)
For Examiner’s Use
Examiner’s Initials
Question Mark
1
2
3
4
5
6
TOTAL
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Section A
Answer oNE question in this section.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
1 The Restless Earth Total for this question: 25 marks
1 (a) Study Figure 1 which shows the Earth’s tectonic plates and the places where earthquakes occur.
Figure 1
Eurasian PlateNorth American Plate Eurasian Plate
African Plate
Pacific Plate
NazcaPlate
ArabianPlate
SouthAmerican
Plate
Antarctic Plate
Indo-Australian Plate
Earthquakes Plate boundary Direction of plate movementKey:
A
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1 (a) (i) Are the following statements about the distribution of earthquakes true or false? Tick the correct boxes.
True False
Earthquakes occur in lines.
Earthquakes never occur away from plate boundaries.
Earthquakes occur around the edge of the Pacific Ocean.
(3 marks) 1 (a) (ii) On Figure 1, the letter A is on a plate boundary. What type of plate boundary is shown by the letter A?
Circle the correct type in the following list.
Conservative Constructive Destructive(1 mark)
1 (a) (iii) Complete the paragraph below to explain why earthquakes occur at conservative plate boundaries. Choose the correct words from this list.
apart from jerking different lava
slide past parallel with pressure smooth At conservative plate boundaries, plates move ..................................... each other. They ..................................... each other. The plates often stick and
..................................... builds up. The sudden release of the plates causes a ..................................... movement and an earthquake occurs.
(4 marks)
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1 (b) Study Figure 2, on the insert, a 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map extract of Market Rasen, Lincolnshire. An earthquake struck Market Rasen on 27 February 2008. Figure 3 is a sketch map drawn from Figure 2.
Figure 3
8509 10 11 12 13 14
09 10 11 12 13 14
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
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87
88
89
90
91
92
93
Linwood
Legsby
Walesby
Railway line Railway stationMain road (selected)Minor road (selected)
Settlement
EpicentreDamage to Legsby Church
Damage to chimneys and houses
XY
Key
Z0 1 km
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1 (b) (i) The epicentre of the earthquake was 4 km north of the railway station in Market Rasen. On Figure 3, mark the position of the epicentre with the letter X.
(2 marks)
1 (b) (ii) Damage was reported to Legsby parish church in grid square 1385 and to chimneys of houses at grid reference 108892. On Figure 3, draw two arrows to show where this damage occurred.
Label these arrows with the correct letters Y and Z from the key. (3 marks)
1 (b) (iii) The earthquake measured 5.2 on the Richter Scale. With the help of Figure 2 and your own knowledge, explain why the damage was
limited.
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1 (c) (i) Explain why a tsunami is a secondary effect of plate movement.
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1 (c) (ii) Use a case study of a tsunami to describe its effects on coastal areas.
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2 water on the Land Total for this question: 25 marks
2 (a) Study Figure 4 which shows a long profile and cross profiles of a typical river.
Figure 4
Height(m)
Source Mouth Sea
2 (a) (i) Are the following statements about the long profile and cross profiles true or false?
Tick the correct boxes.
True False
The steepest part of the long profile is near the source.
The cross profile shows the shape of the valley from one side to the other.
The cross profile is narrower and deeper near the mouth.
Most lateral erosion occurs near the source.
(4 marks)
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2 (a) (ii) Complete the paragraph below to explain why deposition occurs along the course of a river.
Choose the correct words from this list.
energy increases transports
decreases sediment leaves behind
Deposition occurs when the river .................................. material. This happens when
the speed of the river .................................. and the river has less .................................. (3 marks)
2 (b) (i) Study Figure 5, on the insert, a photograph of a waterfall in the Glens of Antrim, Northern Ireland. Describe the features of the waterfall shown in Figure 5.
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2 (b) (ii) Draw a labelled diagram(s) to explain the formation of a waterfall.
(4 marks)
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2 (c) Study Figures 6a and 6b which are hydrographs for two different streams in North Yorkshire after the same storm. A hydrograph shows the link between rainfall and discharge in a river.
Figure 6a Figure 6b
00 4 8 12 16 20
Time (hours from start of rainstorm)
Austwick Beck
242 6 10 14 18 22
5
10
15
20
25
00 4 8 12 16 20
Time (hours from start of rainstorm)
Clapham Beck
242 6 10 14 18 22
5
10
15
20
25
Rainfall (mm) Discharge (cumecs)Key
2 (c) (i) Use Figures 6a and 6b to complete the following:
Peak rainfall for both streams: ..................................... mm
Peak discharge for Clapham Beck: ..................................... cumecs
Lag time (the time difference between the peak rainfall and the peak
discharge) for Austwick Beck: ..................................... hours(3 marks)
2 (c) (ii) Suggest one reason why the discharge for Austwick Beck is different from that for Clapham Beck.
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2 (d) Explain why the demand for water is increasing in the UK.
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3 The Coastal Zone Total for this question: 25 marks
3 (a) Mass movement is a process affecting the coastal zone.
3 (a) (i) Are the following statements about mass movement true or false? Tick the correct boxes.
True False Slumping occurs when material moves downhill along a
curved surface.
Sliding occurs when loose material shifts down a slope.
(2 marks)
3 (a) (ii) Study Figure 7, on the insert, which shows the coastal zone of Antrim, Northern Ireland.
Figure 8 is a black and white copy of Figure 7.
On Figure 8, label landforms X, Y and Z.
Figure 8
X ....................................... Y ....................................... Z .......................................(3 marks)
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3 (a) (iii) Figure 9 shows the formation of some of the landforms in Figure 8.
Add a sentence to each box to explain the formation of these landforms.
Figure 9
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Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
(4 marks)
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3 (b) (i) Explain why sea level is expected to rise.
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3 (b) (ii) Use a case study to describe economic effects of coastal flooding.
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3 (c) (i) Study Figure 10 which shows the coast at Lyme Regis, a town in Dorset.
Figure 10
SeaBroad Street
Old sea wallGroynes not maintainedEroded beach
Marine parade
Houses damaged
Building subsides andcollapses. Land slides
Houses under threat aslandslides expand inland
Use Figure 10 to explain why the town is under threat from the sea.
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3 (c) (ii) Hard engineering includes sea walls and groynes. Describe the costs and benefits of hard engineering in managing a coastline.
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End of Section A
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Turn over for Section B
Do NoT wRITE oN ThIS pAGEANSwER IN ThE SpACES pRovIDED
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Section B
Answer oNE question in this section.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
4 Changing Urban Environments Total for this question: 25 marks
4 (a) Study Figure 11 which shows how the world’s urban population may change between 1997 and 2030.
Figure 11
2030(estimated)
0
1
2
3
Oceania4
5
6
1997
Urbanpopulation(billions)
EuropeMostly
richworld
Key
North America
Latin Americaand CaribbeanAsia
Mostlypoorworld
Africa
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4 (a) (i) Which continent will probably have the greatest increase in urban population? ............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
4 (a) (ii) What will the increase in the world’s urban population be during this period?
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4 (a) (iii) The poor world shows the greatest increase in urban population during this period. Give one reason for this increase.
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4 (b) Study Figure 12, on the insert, three photographs of an inner city area.
4 (b) (i) Give three problems suggested by these photographs. 1 ..........................................................................................................................................
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4 (b) (ii) Describe how the UK government has tried to improve inner cities since the 1990s.
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4 (c) Study Figure 13 which shows squatter settlements in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.
Figure 13
4 (c) (i) Describe the location of the squatter settlements.
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4 (c) (ii) Suggest two problems for people living in these squatter settlements.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
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4 (c) (iii) Explain how many squatter settlements have been improved by the people living there.
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4 (d) Describe two ways urban living can be made more sustainable.
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5 Changing Rural Environments Total for this question: 25 marks
5 (a) Commuting has increased in recent years.
5 (a) (i) Give one reason for this increase.
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5 (a) (ii) Study Figure 14 which shows the village of Wilmington in Kent in 1940 and the present day.
Figure 14
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5 (a) (ii) Describe changes to the village between 1940 and the present day.
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5 (a) (iii) Use Figure 14 to suggest why the village grew more quickly after 1970.
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5 (a) (iv) Explain why there may be disagreement between the newcomers and the original villagers.
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5 (b) Government initiatives try to make living in the countryside more sustainable.
The following are examples of these government initiatives.
l Objective One l Rural Transport Partnership Scheme l Rural Development Areas l Rural Challenge Grants l Village Shop Development Scheme l Millennium Fund
Choose two of these initiatives or others that you have studied. For each one chosen, describe how it tries to make living in the countryside more
sustainable.
Initiative 1 ...........................................................................................................................
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5 (c) Study Figure 15 which shows some problems of traditional farming in tropical rural areas.
Figure 15
Little money forimproving irrigation,
fertilizers orbetter seeds
Small crop surplussold to market
for cash
Fewer crops tofeed the family
Low level of output
Poor diet Some crops soldto pay rent
High risk of illness Little money leftfor the farmer
Low quality of work
Loan repayments
5 (c) (i) Give two reasons why a traditional farmer in the tropics will probably stay poor.
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5 (c) (ii) Explain why many farmers in the tropics are changing to cash cultivation.
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5 (c) (iii) Explain how the development of forestry and mining in tropical areas affects traditional farming.
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6 Tourism Total for this question: 25 marks
6 (a) Study Figure 16 which shows the countries that were the top ten earners from tourism in 2007.
Figure 16
North A
merica
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
International top earners from tourism
Billionsof pounds
(£)
Spain
France Ita
lyChin
a UK
German
y
Austra
lasia
Austria
Turke
y
KeyNorth AmericaAsiaAustralasiaEurope
6 (a) (i) Complete the graph by plotting the following information.
UK £22 billion
(1 mark)
6 (a) (ii) Which continent has the greatest number of countries in this top ten list?
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6 (a) (iii) External factors can affect how much money the UK earns from tourism in a year. Some of these external factors are shown below.
l Cost of fuel l Terrorist action l The state of the world economy l Major sporting and cultural events in
other parts of the world l Currency exchange rates
Choose two of these external factors or others that you have studied. Explain how each factor could affect the amount of money the UK would earn from
tourism in a year.
Factor 1 ...............................................................................................................................
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6 (b) Study Figure 17 which shows how a tourist area may change over time.
Figure 17
Stage 1Exploration
Stage 2Development
and consolidation
Stage 3Stagnation
Stage 4Decline
Growthrate
Time
6 (b) (i) The following is a list of features of the different stages shown in Figure 17.
A Water supply cannot meet the needs of so many touristsB Very few touristsC Introduction of the Blue Flag guide for beach qualityD Decline in traditional occupations such as farming and fishingE Clean, unspoilt beaches and villagesF Number of tourists decreases because people go to different placesG Increasing traffic noise and problems of crime and vandalismh Building of many hotels, bars and cafés
Complete the table below by writing the letter of the feature in the correct box. You should only use each letter once. Four have been done for you.
Stage 1Exploration
Stage 2Development and
consolidation
Stage 3Stagnation
Stage 4Decline
B D A C
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6 (b) (ii) Choose either a National Park or a coastal resort in the UK. For the named National Park or coastal resort, describe how the area plans for the
continued success of the tourist industry.
Name of National Park or coastal resort ............................................................................
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6 (c) Study Figure 18 which shows some information about tourism on the island of Barbados.
Figure 18
Prevailing winds
Prevailing winds
Speightstown
Bridgetown
N
0 5 km
BarbadosKey
Main bathing beachesRoads
Airport
Main settlements
Zones set aside as newtourist areas
6 (c) (i) Describe the location of the new tourist areas shown in Figure 18.
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6 (c) (ii) Explain how the direction of the prevailing winds and the location of Bridgetown, the capital city, may have affected the location of the new tourist areas.
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............................................................................................................................................ 6 (c) (iii) Describe the disadvantages of large numbers of tourists visiting a tropical tourist area
such as Barbados.
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END oF QUESTIoNS
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Figure 1: (Tectonic Plate data) Understanding GCSE Geography Teachers Resource Pack by A Bowen and J Pallister. Reprinted by Permission of Pearson Education Ltd. (Earthquake data) Reprinted by permission of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1969.Figures 6a and 6b: BoB Hordern, Rivers & Coasts, 2006. Reproduced by permission of Philip Allan Updates.Figure 10: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from GeoActive Online, first published in April 2008.Figure 11: Figure 13: Settlement (1990), siMon ross, Longman Co-ordinated Geography.Figure 14: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd. from GeoActive, first published in June 2000.Figure 15: Figure 16: UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 2008, Vol. 6, No 2.Figure 18:
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