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Zassevm Hmsedg Cmaturm 1 - @aseo `uekhegd hmsedg
A. @uekhegd Nremgtateng
Aoonrhegd tn tfm Bakayseag _tagharh 1=0= (B_1=0=), ngm nc tfm passevm hmsedg stratmdy es
nremgtateng nc `uekhegd. Xfm DMN `uekhegd es ongsehmrmh wmkk nremgtatmh `moausm ets kngd caoahms arm
caoegd gnrtf agh snutf, agh sfnrt caoahms arm caoegd mast agh wmst. (Hmpartbmgt nc _tagharhs
Bakaysea, 0::4, p. =) Tetf tfes nremgtateng hermot sugkedft ngky sfegms at tfm sfnrtmr caoahms eg tfm
bnrgegd agh mvmgegd.
Tmst Caoahm
G
Gnrtf Caoahm
_nutf Caoahm
Mast Caoahm
Cedurm 1 Cknnr Zkag
Cedurm 0 Dmn `uekhegd _ug Zatf
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Xn avneh tfm mgtmregd nc hermot sugkedft egtn tfm caoahms caoegd mast agh wmst, tfm `uekhegd es
hmsedgmh tn favm begebak weghnws at tfmsm twn sfnrt caoahms. Ng tfm ntfmr fagh, tfm kngdmr
caoahms arm cekkmh wetf weghnws tn akknw baxebub abnugt nc haykedftegd tn mgtmr tfm `uekhegd.
Gaturak kedftegd tfat mgtmrs tfm `uekhegd tfrnudf tfm kngd caoahms arm heccusmh kedft, gnt hermot
sugkedft. Heccusmh kedft fas kmssmr tfmrbak ebpaot onbparmh tn hermot sugkedft. Fmgom, wetf tfes
hmsedg stratmdy, tfm `uekhegd es a`km tn aofemvm fedfmr tfmrbak onbcnrt. (Gd & Aiasaf, 0:11, p.)
Cedurm 8 tfm gnrtf agh snutf caoahm es cekkmh wetf weghnws tn akknw haykedftegd
(_nurom< fttp<//www.drmmg`uekhegdeghmx.nrd/wfy-drmmg-`uekhegds.ftbk )
Cedurm ? Xfm mast agh wmst caoahms favm begebak weghnw
(_nurom< fttp<//weiebapea.nrd/315136/ZXB-DMN-@uekhegd )
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@. @uekhegd Ongcedurateng
Agntfmr passevm hmsedg stratmdy bmgtengmh eg tfm B_1=0= es tfm ongcedurateng nc tfm
`uekhegd. (Hmpartbmgt nc _tagharhs Bakaysea, 0::4, p. 8) Xfm DMN `uekhegd fas a ‛stmp-eg‒ hmsedg.
Xfm stmp-eg hmsedg mga`kms tfm `uekhegd tn `m smkc-sfahmh `y ets nwg struoturm. (Gd & Aiasaf, 0:11,
p. 001) Eg tfm smoteng, et oag `m smmg tfat tfm wehtf nc tfm cknnr egormasms as wm dn up tfm cknnrs. Xfes
es hngm tn ongtrnk dkaregd crnb hermot sugkedft. Xfmrm arm aksn mxtmghmh wakks tfat ormatms a vmrteoak
sfahegd systmb. Nvmrfagds arm aksn egstakkmh tn aeh tfm sfahegd agh dkaregd ongtrnk. Xfm mxtmghmh
wakks agh tfm nvmrfagds ormatm ag mdd-oratm-keim hmsedg wfeof fmkps tfm `uekhegd tn `m wmkk-
sfahmh.
Cedurm = _moteng nc tfm `uekhegd
Cedurm 3 Mxtmghmh vmrteoak wakks at tfm Gnrtf Caoahm
Gnrtf _nutf
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Xfm ebadms `mknw arm ormatmh usegd Montmot. Xfm hatm was smt tn `m 00gh _mptmb`mr agh tfm
caäahm usmh es tfm Gnrtf caoahm. Crnb tfm ebadms, et oag `m smmg tfat tfm DMN `uekhegd es wmkk-
sfahmh tfrnudfnut tfm hay. Xfm nremgtateng nc tfm `uekhegd agh tfm `uekhegd ongcedurateng fah
ongtre`utmh tn tfm suoomss nc tfm sfahegd systmb.
Cedurm 5 _fahegd at 3pb
Cedurm 6 _fahegd at 0pb
Cedurm 4 _fahegd at 1:ab
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O. Egsukateng
Pmcmrregd tn tfm B_1=0=, tfm dmgmrak rmquermbmgt nc tfm `uekhegd mgvmknpm es tn `m a`km tn
`knoi nut fmat daeg egtn `uekhegds vea onghuoteng agh snkar raheateng. (Hmpartbmgt nc _tagharhs
Bakaysea, 0::4, p. 1:) Xn aofemvm tfes, egsukatengs arm egstakkmh eg tfm wakks agh tfm rnnc nc tfm
`uekhegd. Xfm egtmrgak wakks arm egstakkmh wetf a kaymr nc rnoi wnnk wfmrmas tfm mxtmrgak wakks arm
egstakkmh wetf twn kaymrs nc rnoi wnnk. Xfes es `moausm tfm mxtmrgak wakks rmomevm drmatmr tfmrbak
mccmots onbparmh tn tfm egtmrgak wakks. (Gd & Aiasaf, 0:11, p. 01=)
Xfm rnncs arm aksn egsukatmh tn rmhuom tfmrbak tragscmr. Xfm skagtegd rnncs arm egsukatmh wetf
Begmrak wnnk hum tn ets mxomkkmgt tfmrbak egsukateng. Fnwmvmr, begmrak wnnk es vapnur-pmrbma`km
oausegd et tn `m ugsueta`km cnr ckat rnnc egsukateng. Fmgom, _tyrncnab egsukateng es usmh eg ckat rnncs.
(Gd & Aiasaf, 0:11, p. 01=)
Tetf tfm rnnc agh wakk egsukatengs, tfm nvmrakk tfmrbak tragscmr vakum (NXXS) nc tfm `uekhegd
oag `m rmhuomh, fmgom aofemvegd `mttmr tfmrbak onbcnrt. Tetf tfm aeh nc aer-onghetengegd agh tfm
raheagt onnkegd, tfm avmradm tmbpmraturm nc tfm egtmrenr nc tfm `uekhegd es 08ºO tn 03ºO. (Gd &
Aiasaf, 0:11, p. 00=)
Pnoi wnnk egsukateng
Term Bmsf
Ombmgt bnrtar
Cedurm 1: egtmrgak wakk egsukateng
Pnoi wnnk egsukateng
Term Bmsf
Ombmgt bnrtar
Cedurm 11 mxtmrgak wakk egsukateng
Cedurm 10 egstakkateng nc _tyrncnab huregd ongstruoteng nc
tfm rnnc
(_nurom< Bakaysea Drmmg Xmofgnkndy Onrpnrateng, 0:1:)
Cedurm 1? Begmrak wnnk kaymr es egstakkmh ng tfm skagtegd
rnnc
(_nurom< Bakaysea Drmmg Xmofgnkndy Onrpnrateng, 0:1:)
Cedurm 18 Eghnnr tmbpmraturms
(_nurom < Unngd, 0::6, p. 34)
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Zassevm Hmsedg Cmaturm 0 - Teghnws agh Pnnc Kedft
Xn begebezm tfm usm nc arteceoeak kedftegd, weghnws arm pkaomh akngd tfm kngd caoahms agh rnnc
kedfts arm pkaomh ng tfm tnp cknnr cnr gaturak kedftegd tn rmaof tfm egtmrenr. Xfm DMN `uekhegd usms ag
npmg spaom ongompt wfmrm tfm wnristatengs arm pkaomh gmar tfm weghnws agh usm nc parteteng es
begebak tn mga`km kedft tn rmaof akk wnristatengs. (Zusat Xmgada Bakaysea, 0::6)
Xfm B_1=0= aksn tnuofmh ng tfm haykedftegd. Et es bmgtengmh tfat wfmg hmsedgegd wetf tfm
mbpfases nc gaturak haykedftegd, tfm snkar daeg fas tn `m ongsehmrmh. (Hmpartbmgt nc _tagharhs
Bakaysea, 0::4, p. =) Xfes oag `m ongtrnkkmh `y usegd weghnws wetf sueta`km snkar agh tfmrbak
prnpmrtems agh mxtmrgak agh egtmrgak sfahegd hmveoms.
A. Teghnws
Hnu`km dkazmh weghnws arm usmh tn rmhuom fmat daeg eg tfm egtmrenr. Xfmsm weghnws
rmckmot uktravenkmt agh egcrarmh raheateng crnb tfm `uekhegd―s mxtmrenr surcaom, rmhuoegd tfm
fmat tragscmr `y 0=%. Tetf tfm usm nc raheagt onnkegd tfrnudf tfm cknnr ska` agh aer-onghetengegd,
tfmrm es a baxebub heccmrmgom nc 4ºO `mtwmmg tfm eghnnr agh nuthnnr tmbpmraturms. (Unngd, 0::6,
p. 34)
Xfm weghnws aksn usm a ugequm systmb tn avneh mbesseng nc hermot sugkedft egtn tfm`uekhegd. Nvmrfagds arm egstakkmh cnr sfahegd purpnsms. Ng tfm nvmrfagds, tfmrm arm
Hnu`km pagm dkass
Ardng Das Dap
Eghnnr
Cedurm 13 Hnu`km Dkazegd Teghnw
Pmckmotmh Fmat
Nuthnnr
Cedurm 1= Cknnr Zkag< Tnristatengs arm pkaomh gmar weghnws.
G
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rmckmotevm berrnrs tn rmckmot tfm heccusmh haykedft egtn tfm `uekhegd. @keghs arm egstakkmh ng tfm
uppmr weghnws tn hermot tfm kedft upwarhs tn tfm egtmrgak haykedft rmckmotnr. Xfmsm rmckmotnrs
mga`kms heccusmh haykedft tn `m tfrnwg hmmpmr egtn tfm `uekhegd. Xfm `keghs aksn aot as a
`arremr hermot sugkedft wfeof onbms crnb tfm a`nvm. @y prmvmgtegd hermot sugkedft crnb
mgtmregd tfm egtmrenr, fmat daeg eg tfm `uekhegd oag `m rmhuomh drmatky. Xfm knwmr surcaom nc
tfm `keghs arm wfetm wetf knw dknss wfmrmas tfm uppmr surcaom nc tfm `keghs arm rmckmotevm
akubegeub tn akknw rmckmoteng. (Bufabbah, 0:18)
@keghs
Egtmrgak
haykedft
rmckmotnr
Pmckmotevm berrnr
Nuthnnr Eghnnr
Cedurm 14 patfway nc heccusmh kedft tfrnudf weghnw
Cedurm 16 Nvmrfagds crnb tfm mxtmrenr Cedurm 15 Egtmrgak Haykedft Pmckmotnr
(_nurom< Drmmg Xmof Bakaysea, 0:18)
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@. Pnnc Kedft
Ng tfm fedfmst cknnr, rnnc kedfts arm egstakkmh tn hestre`utm heccusmh gaturak kedftegd wfeof
oarry kmss fmat mgmrdy onbparmh tn hermot sugkedft. Xfes es aofemvmh tfrnudf tfm egstakkateng
nc berrnr rmckmotnrs ng tfm egsehms nc tfm struoturm wfeof smrvm tn badgecy kedft. A `mttmr
tfmrbak onbcnrt es aofemvm as hermot sugkedft hn gnt mgtmr tfm `uekhegd. (Bufabbah, 0:18)
Hermot _ugkedft
Heccusmh KedftBerrnr Pmckmotnr
Cedurm 0: Zatfway nc heccusmh kedft crnb Pnnc kedft
Cedurm 01 Pnnc kedft crnb tfm rnnc(_nurom<fttp<//www.ugetmg.mhu.by/gmwfnbm/upkn
ahmh/onm/arsmpm/0::6/]GEXMG AP_MZM :6 K08.phc ) Cedurm 00 Pnnc kedft crnb tfm rmsnurom omgtrm
