General Anatomy of Urinary System

8/17/2019 General Anatomy of Urinary System

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General Anatomy ofGeneral Anatomy of

Urinary SystemUrinary System


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URINARY SYSTEM ORGANSURINARY SYSTEM ORGANS

Kidneys (2)Kidneys (2)

Ureters (2)Ureters (2)

Urinary bladder Urinary bladder UrethraUrethra


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KIDNEY FUNCTIONSKIDNEY FUNCTIONS

Control blood volume and compositionControl blood volume and composition


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KIDNEY FUNCTIONSKIDNEY FUNCTIONS

Filter blood plasma, eliminate astesFilter blood plasma, eliminate astes !e"ulate blood volume, pressure!e"ulate blood volume, pressure !e"ulate fluid osmolarity!e"ulate fluid osmolarity

Secrete reninSecrete renin Secrete erythropoietin (#$%)Secrete erythropoietin (#$%)

!e"ulate $!e"ulate $C%C%22, Acid&'ase balance, Acid&'ase balance

Synthesie calcitriol (itamin *)Synthesie calcitriol (itamin *)

*eto+ify free radicals, dru"s*eto+ify free radicals, dru"s Gluconeo"enesisGluconeo"enesis


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EXCRETIONEXCRETION

Removal of wastesRemoval of wastes !espiratory system!espiratory system

C%C%22, ater , ater

nte"umentary systemnte"umentary system -ater, salts, lactic acid, urea-ater, salts, lactic acid, urea

*i"estive system*i"estive system -ater, salts, C%-ater, salts, C%22, lipids, bile pi"ments, cholesterol,, lipids, bile pi"ments, cholesterol,

etc.etc. Urinary systemUrinary system

/etabolic astes, to+ins, dru"s, hormones, salts, 0/etabolic astes, to+ins, dru"s, hormones, salts, 011,,ater ater


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KIDNEY ANATOMYKIDNEY ANATOMY

Protecte !" t#ree co$$ect%ve t%ss&eProtecte !" t#ree co$$ect%ve t%ss&ela"ersla"ers

!enal fascia!enal fascia Attaches to abdominal all Attaches to abdominal all

Adipose capsule Adipose capsule Fat cushionin" idneyFat cushionin" idney

!enal capsule!enal capsule Fibrous sacFibrous sac $rotects from trauma and infection$rotects from trauma and infection


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Gross a$atom"Gross a$atom"

!enal sinus!enal sinus

!enal parenchyma!enal parenchyma


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Re$al s%$&sRe$al s%$&s

Surrounded by renal parenchymaSurrounded by renal parenchyma

Contains blood 3 lymph vessels, nerves,Contains blood 3 lymph vessels, nerves,urine&collectin" structuresurine&collectin" structures


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Re$al 'are$c#"maRe$al 'are$c#"ma

Glandular tissueGlandular tissue

Forms urineForms urine 4o ones4o ones

%uter corte+%uter corte+

nner medullanner medulla


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Re$al 'are$c#"maRe$al 'are$c#"ma !enal pyramids!enal pyramids

#+tensions of corte+ (renal columns) divide medulla#+tensions of corte+ (renal columns) divide medullainto 5 6 78into 5 6 78 renal pyramidsrenal pyramids

$yramid 1 overlyin" corte+ 9 :obe$yramid 1 overlyin" corte+ 9 :obe $oint of pyramid 9 $apilla$oint of pyramid 9 $apilla $apilla nested in cup (minor caly+)$apilla nested in cup (minor caly+) 2 6 ; minor calices2 6 ; minor calices /a


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KIDNEY ANATOMY( NEP)RONSKIDNEY ANATOMY( NEP)RONS

Ne'#ro$sNe'#ro$s

Functional units of idneyFunctional units of idney

=7.2 million per idney=7.2 million per idney 4hree main parts4hree main parts

'lood vessels'lood vessels

!enal corpuscle!enal corpuscle !enal tubule!enal tubule


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

*loo vessels serv%c%$+ ,%$e"*loo vessels serv%c%$+ ,%$e"

Supplied by renal arterySupplied by renal artery

=27> or cardiac output=27> or cardiac output (/ass in only = 8.?>)(/ass in only = 8.?>)

Afferent arterioles Afferent arterioles

Capillary cluster ("lomerulus)Capillary cluster ("lomerulus)


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

*loo vessels serv%c%$+ ,%$e"*loo vessels serv%c%$+ ,%$e" GlomerulusGlomerulus

Fenestrated capillariesFenestrated capillaries

Capillary filtration in "lomerulus initiates urineCapillary filtration in "lomerulus initiates urineproductionproduction

Filtrate lacs cells 3 proteinsFiltrate lacs cells 3 proteins *rained by efferent arteriole*rained by efferent arteriole

$eritubular capillaries$eritubular capillaries !enal vein!enal vein


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

Re$al cor'&scleRe$al cor'&scle Glomerulus plus capsuleGlomerulus plus capsule Glomerulus enclosed in to&layered "lomerularGlomerulus enclosed in to&layered "lomerular

capsulecapsule @@'omans capsuleB'omans capsuleB Fluid filters from "lomerular capillariesFluid filters from "lomerular capillaries

@@Glomerular filtrateBGlomerular filtrateB

Fluid collects in capsular spaceFluid collects in capsular space Fluid flos into renal tubuleFluid flos into renal tubule


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

Re$al t&!&leRe$al t&!&le :eads from "lomerular capsule:eads from "lomerular capsule #nds at tip of medullary pyramid#nds at tip of medullary pyramid

=; cm lon"=; cm lon" Four ma


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

Re$al t&!&leRe$al t&!&le $ro+imal convoluted tubule ($C4)$ro+imal convoluted tubule ($C4) Arises from "lomerular capsule Arises from "lomerular capsule

:on"est, most coiled re"ion:on"est, most coiled re"ion $rominent microvilli$rominent microvilli

Function in absorptionFunction in absorption

/uch contact ith peritubular capillaries/uch contact ith peritubular capillaries


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

Re$al t&!&leRe$al t&!&le ephron loop (@:oop of 0enleB)ephron loop (@:oop of 0enleB) @@UB 6 shaped, distal to $C4UB 6 shaped, distal to $C4

*escendin" and ascendin" limbs*escendin" and ascendin" limbs 4hic se"ments4hic se"ments

Active transport of salts Active transport of salts 0i"h metabolism, many mitochondria0i"h metabolism, many mitochondria

4hin se"ments4hin se"ments $ermeable to ater $ermeable to ater :o metabolism:o metabolism


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

Re$al t&!&leRe$al t&!&le *istal convoluted tubule (*C4)*istal convoluted tubule (*C4) Coiled, distal to nephron loopCoiled, distal to nephron loop

Shorter than $C4Shorter than $C4 :ess coiled than $C4:ess coiled than $C4 ery fe microvilliery fe microvilli

Contacts afferent and efferent arteriolesContacts afferent and efferent arterioles(re"ulation imparted)(re"ulation imparted) Contact ith peritubular capillariesContact ith peritubular capillaries


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NEP)RONSNEP)RONS

Re$al t&!&lesRe$al t&!&les

Collectin" ductCollectin" duct

*C4s of several nephrons empty into a*C4s of several nephrons empty into acollectin" ductcollectin" duct

$asses into medulla$asses into medulla

Several mer"e into papillary duct (=;8 perSeveral mer"e into papillary duct (=;8 perpapilla)papilla)

*rain into minor caly+*rain into minor caly+


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URINE FORMATIONURINE FORMATION

Overv%ewOverv%ew

'lood plasma'lood plasma UrineUrine

Four stepsFour steps Glomerular filtrationGlomerular filtration

4ubular reabsorption4ubular reabsorption

4ubular secretion4ubular secretion -ater conservation-ater conservation


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URINE STORAGEURINE STORAGE

UretersUreters

Carry urine from idneys to urinaryCarry urine from idneys to urinary

bladder via peristalsisbladder via peristalsis !hythmic contraction of smooth muscle!hythmic contraction of smooth muscle

#nter bladder from belo#nter bladder from belo

$ressure from full bladder compresses$ressure from full bladder compressesureters and prevents bacfloureters and prevents bacflo


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UretersUreters

Small diameter Small diameter

#asily obstructed or in


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Ur%$ar" !laer Ur%$ar " !laer

/uscular sac/uscular sac

-rinles termed ru"ae-rinles termed ru"ae %penin"s of ureters common site for%penin"s of ureters common site for

bladder infectionbladder infection


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URINE E-IMINATIONURINE E-IMINATION

Uret#raUret#ra

Conveys urine from bodyConveys urine from body

nternal urethral sphincter nternal urethral sphincter !etains urine in bladder !etains urine in bladder Smooth muscle, involuntarySmooth muscle, involuntary

#+ternal urethral sphincter #+ternal urethral sphincter

$rovides voluntary control over voidin" of urine$rovides voluntary control over voidin" of urine


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Uret#raUret#ra

; 6 ? cm lon" in females; 6 ? cm lon" in females 'ound by connective tissue to anterior all of'ound by connective tissue to anterior all of

va"inava"ina

Urethral orifice e+its body beteen va"inalUrethral orifice e+its body beteen va"inal

orifice and clitorisorifice and clitoris


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Uret#raUret#ra

=7D cm lon" in males=7D cm lon" in males $rostatic urethra$rostatic urethra

E =2. cm lon", urinary bladder=2. cm lon", urinary bladder prostateprostate /embranous urethra/embranous urethra

E =8. cm, passes throu"h floor of pelvic cavity=8. cm, passes throu"h floor of pelvic cavity

$enile urethra$enile urethra

E =7 cm lon", passes throu"h penis=7 cm lon", passes throu"h penis


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Ur%$at%o$ .m%ct&r%t%o$/Ur%$at%o$ .m%ct&r%t%o$/ =288 ml of urine held=288 ml of urine held *istension initiates desire to void*istension initiates desire to void

nternal sphincter rela+es involuntarilynternal sphincter rela+es involuntarily Smooth muscleSmooth muscle

#+ternal sphincter voluntarily rela+es#+ternal sphincter voluntarily rela+es Seletal muscleSeletal muscle $oor control in infants$oor control in infants

'ladder muscle contracts'ladder muscle contracts Urine forces throu"h urethraUrine forces throu"h urethra

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General Anatomy of Urinary System