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From ship-tethered to free drifting imaging systems in the ocean; What we have observed in the past andwhat we shall observe in the future to better understand and model particle flux.
Stemmann L., Guidi, L., Boss, E., Claustre, H. `UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7093, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France}School of Marine Sciences, 5706 Aubert Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5706
SS16: Opportunities in the Study of Ocean Particle Flux@
CO2
?
N: NutrimentP: PhytoplanctonZ: ZooplanctonD: Detritus
CO2
CO2
Advection, turbulence
CO2
CO2
Advection, turbulence
4D Observation of individuals and particlesEcosystem Realistic Simplification
4D Observation of individuals and particlesEcosystem Realistic Simplification
CO2
Strong development of imaging systems and also their miniaturization for in situ monitoringStrong development of imaging systems and also their miniaturization for in situ monitoring
1) Laboratory instrumentsFLOWCAM, ZOOSCAN, ...
2) In situ instruments used from ships UVP, VPR, SIPPER, Underwater Digital Holocamera , ...
3) In situ instruments on autonomous vehiclesSOLOPCCheckley et al., 2008
Benfield et al., 2007
Examples of PSD and vertical flux from ship tethered imaging sensors
Examples of PSD and vertical flux from ship tethered imaging sensors
Short time scales Lampitt et al., 1993, North Atl.
and thenGraham et al., 2000, Monterey BayStemmann et al., 2000, Mediterranean SeaGoldthwait et al., 2006, Monterey Bay...
Hypothesis: DVM or diel cycle in upper turbulence
Stemmann et al., 2002UVP3 in the Mediterranean Sea
Long time scales
Vertical patterns of particle size spectra at regional scalesVertical patterns of particle size spectra at regional scales
Gardner and Walsh, 1990, Gulf of Mexico,
Stemmann et al., 2008Mediterranean sea
Coast/ocean interactions
McCave et al., 2001, North Atlantic
Iversen et al., 2011, Tropical Atlantic Open sea
Vertical patterns of particle size spectra at regional scalesVertical patterns of particle size spectra at regional scales
Guidi et al., 2012, HOT
The Octopus eye
Examples of Global biogeography of mesopelagic macrozooplankton from ship tethered imaging sensor (UVP4)
Examples of Global biogeography of mesopelagic macrozooplankton from ship tethered imaging sensor (UVP4)
200 profils of the UVP4 (6 years of sampling) 50-1000m, no size measurments
Sarcodines : an important component of macrozooplankton community (<40%). Definition of 9 provinces that fits Longhurst biogeochemical regions
Stemmann et al., 2008
1500 profiles UVP5since 2008
(UVP5, see HydroptiC stand for details)
Examples of PSD and vertical flux from ship tethered imaging sensor UVP5 (Guidi et al., session 58)
Examples of PSD and vertical flux from ship tethered imaging sensor UVP5 (Guidi et al., session 58)
Global Sequestration: 0.37 Gt C year-1
Global b:
-0.75
897 estimates of bdistributed over
34 provinces
combined with Sed. trap and Th. fluxes
2868 values of b
Systems based on optics mounted on floatsSystems based on optics mounted on floatsSystems based on optics mounted on floatsSystems based on optics mounted on floats
NABE2008, Briggs et al., 2008 Monterey Bay, Petrik et al., 2013
What are the Opportunities in the Study of Ocean Particle Flux ?What are the Opportunities in the Study of Ocean Particle Flux ?
Global network of observations- ARGO-> BIOARGO+vision- fixed stations + vision- cruises of opportunity
Oceanographic data center for QC and large diffusion
Particulate Organic Carbon
(size spectra) macro and mesoplankton (Taxa
size spectra)
-Ecosystem monitoring
- Data assimilation in models for Carbone fluxes and marine ressources.
Pico and microplankton (taxa, size spectra)
CTD and geochemical dataN
P
Z
D
What could Biogeochemical models represent ?What could Biogeochemical models represent ?
Stemmann and Boss (2012)
Qp
Q
Biomass (x)
D
P1
N B1
P2
Z2
Z1
D
P
Z
P1
P2 P3
What could Biogeochemical models represent ?What could Biogeochemical models represent ?
Stemmann and Boss (2012)
Q
QdSize(x)
Dsize
NN
B1
Z2
Z1
P1
P2 P3P3
150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2013 150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2013 150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2013 150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2013
Temperature (°C) POC Vertical flux (mg C m-2 d-1)
150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2023 150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2023 150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2023 150 ARGO floats, 17-22 February 2023
Do we all agree ?
Then we are ready for a networkof octopus eyes.
UVP
VPR
ISIS
ISIS
UVP
LOKI
ZOOVIS SIPPERLOPC
PlanktonPlankton
ParticleParticle
o AGREED PROCEDURES (computer assisted recognition, intercalibration)
o AGREED DATA MANAGEMENT
o AGREED DATA DISTRIBUTION
o AGREED MODELING FRAMEWORKS
o SUMMER SCHOOLS FOR THE USERS
The BIOgeochemical particle/plankton community is getting to a sufficient maturity in using images.
These are propositions that we could discuss now building on the biogeochemical community experience
THE KEY OF THE SUCCESS for such a network:THE KEY OF THE SUCCESS for such a network:THE KEY OF THE SUCCESS for such a network:THE KEY OF THE SUCCESS for such a network:
BIOSOPE
Gabriel Gorsky
Pieter Vandromme, JB Romagnan, F. Roullier, Nicolas Mayot, Rizlaine IdAoud, Fabien Lombard ET tous les collègues
Marc Picheral
Thank youThank you
French programs: PROOF, PNEC, PICS
EC programs: EUROCEAN (FP6), SESAME(FP6), GROOM (FP7), JERICO (FP7)
Image in situ analysis
(Size threshold)
all particles (non validated prediction),
CTD, optic
Particle size spectra CTD
Image acquisition (0-2000 m)
Validation (Aggregates – Zooplankton)
Zooplankton size spectra
Delayed time
How will we treat the imaging data for an operational How will we treat the imaging data for an operational monitoring program ?monitoring program ?
How will we treat the imaging data for an operational How will we treat the imaging data for an operational monitoring program ?monitoring program ?
Real ti
me
International Data Bases
Laboratories
REAL TIME, for example: UVP data format for ODV REAL TIME, for example: UVP data format for ODV REAL TIME, for example: UVP data format for ODV REAL TIME, for example: UVP data format for ODV
//<Creator>[email protected]</Creator>//<CreateTime>2010-08-20T10:01:12</CreateTime>//<Source>baseuvp5_malina2009</Source>//<SourceLastModified>31-Jan-000T</SourceLastModified>//<DataField>Ocean</DataField>//<DataType>Profiles</DataType>//<Method>Particle abundance and volume from the Underwater Vision Profiler. the ......</Method>//<Owner1>Lars.stemmann[at]obs-vlfr.fr http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/LOV/ZooPart/Portal/ Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche B.P. 28 Villefranche-Sur-Mer France +33 (0)4 93 76 38 11 +33 (0)4 93 76 38 34 http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/LOV/ZooPart/UVP/</Owner1>
Cruise:METAVAR:TEXT:20;Station:METAVAR:TEXT:20;Rawfilename:METAVAR:TEXT:20;UVPtype:METAVAR:TEXT:6;CTDrosettefilename:METAVAR:TEXT:40;yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:METAVAR:TEXT:40;Latitude [degrees_north]:METAVAR:DOUBLE;Longitude [degrees_east]:METAVAR:DOUBLE;Depth [m]:PRIMARYVAR:DOUBLE;Sampled volume[L];LPM (0.06-0.53mm)[#/L];LPM (0.53-1.06mm)[#/L];LPM (1.06-2.66mm)[#/L];LPM (0.06-2.66mm)[#/L];LPM biovolume (0.06-0.53mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (0.53-1.06mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (1.06-2.66mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (0.06-2.66mm)[ppm];LPM (0.06-0.07mm)[#/L];LPM (0.07-0.09mm)[#/L];LPM (0.09-0.11mm)[#/L];LPM (0.11-0.14mm)[#/L];LPM (0.14-0.17mm)[#/L];LPM (0.17-0.21mm)[#/L];LPM (0.21-0.27mm)[#/L];........;LPM biovolume (4.22-5.32mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (5.32-6.7mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (6.7-8.44mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (8.44-10.64mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (10.64-13.4mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (13.4-16.88mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (16.88-21.27mm)[ppm];LPM biovolume (21.27-26.79mm)[ppm];Temp;Trans;Fluo;Sal;Dens;svan;N2;sigt;theta;sigthe;FreezT-;O2;pH;NO3;Par;SPar
malina2009;malina001;HDR20090718234959;uvp5;0902_001;2009-07-18 23:49:59;70.4808;-135.1083;5;79.56;405.8698;0.33937;0;406.2092;0.53393;0.054187;0;0.58812;0.000000;0.000000;255.417300;76.533434;38.800905;21.669180;7.302665;4.160382;1.458019;0.527903;0.226244;0.075415;0.037707;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.000000;0.126479;0.085347;0.076972;0.076662;0.049646;0.053766;0.038764;0.026295;0.023097;0.014930;0.016160;0.000000;0.000000;0.0
MALINA cruise: 154 UVP profils (25-1800m), one PSD every 5 m, with CTD, Rosette, 8MoCAN BE SEND BY ARGO, IRIDIUM
MALINA cruise: 154 UVP profils (25-1800m), one PSD every 5 m, with CTD, Rosette, 8MoCAN BE SEND BY ARGO, IRIDIUM
METADATA: context
METADATA: file content
DATA
DELAYED TIME: adding 44000 images 300 Mo
ARGOS, IRIDIUM TRANSMISSION ?Wait for a recovery of the instrument ?
DELAYED TIME: adding 44000 images 300 Mo
ARGOS, IRIDIUM TRANSMISSION ?Wait for a recovery of the instrument ?