Fair Trade- Suhani

8/2/2019 Fair Trade- Suhani

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FAIR TRADE

International trade far too often allows the strong to exploit the weak and the rich to

become richer at the expense of the poor. The result is poverty and suffering on a huge

scale. That must change. (The fair trade organization mark 2003)

(Fair trade creates the right climate

2005)

Fair trade is an organized social movement and market-based approach to empowering third

world country producers & promoting sustainability. The movement advocates the payment

of a fair price as well as social & environmental standards in areas related to the production

of a wide variety ofgoods. It focuses in particular on exports from developing countries todeveloped countries, most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, sugar, tea, bananas, honey,

cotton, wine, fresh fruit & flowers.

Fair trade's strategic intent is to deliberately work with marginalized producers & workers in

order to help them move from a position of vulnerability to one of security & economic self-

sufficiency. It also aims at empowering them to become stakeholders in their own

organizations & actively play a wider role in the global arena to achieve greater equity. (Fair

trade 2009)

DEFINITION OF FAIR TRADE

The currently accepted definition of Fair trade has been agreed by FINE, an informal

association of four international fair trade networks (Fairtrade Labelling Organizations

International, World Fair Trade Organization, Network of European Worldshops & European

Fair Trade Association):

Fair Trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency & respect, that seek

greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offeringbetter trading conditions to, & securing the rights of, marginalized producers & workers

especially in the South. Fair Trade Organizations, backed by consumers, are engagedactively in supporting producers, awareness raising & in campaigning for changes in the

rules & practice of conventional international trade. Fair Trade products are produced &
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicraftshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicraftshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movement


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traded in accordance with these principles wherever possible verified by credible,independent assurance systems. (Definition of fair trade 2009)

KEY FAIR TRADE PRINCIPLES

WFTO prescribes 10 Principles that Fair Trade Organizations must follow in their day-to-daywork and it carries out monitoring to ensure these principles are upheld:

1. Creating opportunities for economically disadvantaged producers

Fair Trade is a strategy for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Its purpose is to

create opportunities for producers who have been economically disadvantaged or

marginalized by the conventional trading system.

2. Transparency and accountability

Fair Trade involves transparent management and commercial relations to deal fairly and

respectfully with trading partners.

3.Capacity building

Fair Trade is a means to develop producers independence. Fair Trade relationships provide

continuity, during which producers and their marketing organizations can improve their

management skills and their access to new markets.

4.Promoting Fair Trade

Fair Trade Organizations raise awareness of Fair Trade and the possibility of greater justice

in world trade. They provide their customers with information about the organization, the

products, and in what conditions they are made. They use honest advertising and marketing

techniques and aim for the highest standards in product quality and packing.

5.Payment of a fair price

A fair price in the regional or local context is one that has been agreed through dialogue and

participation. It covers not only the costs of production but enables production which issocially just and environmentally sound. It provides fair pay to the producers and takes into
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FairtradeQuinoa.jpg


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account the principle of equal pay for equal work by women and men. Fair Traders ensure

prompt payment to their partners and, whenever possible, help producers with access to pre-

harvest or pre-production financing.

6.Gender Equity

Fair Trade means that womens work is properly valued and rewarded. Women are always

paid for their contribution to the production process and are empowered in their

organizations.

7.Working conditions

Fair Trade means a safe and healthy working environment for producers. The participation of

children (if any) does not adversely affect their well-being, security, educational requirements

and need for play and conforms to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as well as

the law and norms in the local context.

8.Child Labour

Fair Trade Organizations respect the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as

local laws and social norms in order to ensure that the participation of children in production

processes of fairly traded articles (if any) does not adversely affect their well-being, security,

educational requirements and need for play. Organizations working directly with informally

organised producers disclose the involvement of children in production.

9.The environment

Fair Trade actively encourages better environmental practices and the application of

responsible methods of production.

10.Trade Relations

Fair Trade Organizations trade with concern for the social, economic and environmental

well-being of marginalized small producers and do not maximise profit at their expense. They

maintain long-term relationships based on solidarity, trust and mutual respect that contribute

to the promotion and growth of Fair Trade. An interest free pre payment of at least 50% is

made if requested. (10 principles of fair trade 2009)

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE MOVEMENT

Most fair trade import organizations are members or certified by one or several national or

international federations. These federations coordinate, promote, and facilitate the work of

fair trade organizations. The following are the largest and most influential

INTERNATIONAL

The Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO), created in 1997, is an

association of three producer networks and twenty national labeling initiatives that

promote and market the Fair trade Certification Mark in their countries. The FLOlabeling system is the largest and most widely recognized standard setting and
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certification body for labeled Fair trade. It regularly inspects and certifies producer

organizations in more than 50 countries inAfrica,Asia, andLatin America.

The World Fair Trade Organization (formerly the International Fair Trade

Association) is a global association created in 1989 of Fair trade producer

cooperatives and associations, export marketing companies, importers, retailers,national, and regional fair trade networks and fair trade support organizations.

The Network of European Worldshops (NEWS), created in 1994, is the umbrella

network of 15 national Worldshop associations in 13 different countries all over

Europe.

The European Fair Trade Association (EFTA), created in 1990, is a network of

European alternative trading organizations which import products from some 400

economically disadvantaged producer groups in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

EFTA's goal is to promote fair trade and to make fair trade importing more efficient

and effective. EFTA currently has eleven members in nine different countries.

In 1998, these four federations created together FINE, an informal association whose goal is

to harmonize fair trade standards and guidelines, increase the quality and efficiency of fair

trade monitoring systems, and advocate fair trade politically.

The Fair Trade Federation (FTF), created in 1994, is an association of Canadian

and American fair trade wholesalers, importers, and retailers. The organization links

its members to fair trade producer groups while acting as a clearinghouse for

information on fair trade and providing resources and networking opportunities to its

members.(general structure of the movement 2009)

INDIAN

Fair Trade Forum - India (FTF-I) is the national level networking organization of

grassroots artisan / producer groups, facilitating organizations and individuals who

comply with the Fair Trade standards. FTF-I represents its member fair trade

organizations all over India to grow fair trade visibility & standards through

advocacy, lobbying, training and monitoring. It strives to facilitate producers' capacity

building for better market access aimed at their all round sustainable development. At

present, more than 80,000 artisans are associated with FTF-I through its member

organizations from five fair trade regions of IndiaFair Trade Forum India was registered as a national NGO in under the Societies

Registration Act 1860. Fair Trade Forum- India is a member of International Fair Trade

Association (IFAT) and Asia Fair Trade Forum (AFTF). (home 2006)

FAIR TRADE IN APPAREL SECTOR

It is cotton which has met the international Fairtrade standard for production of seed cotton

and is therefore eligible to carry the FAIRTRADE Mark.

Cotton is one of the oldest commercial crop and is one of the most important fibre crops in

the global textile industry. It accounts for about 50% of the global textile market. It plays a

vital role in economic and social development of developing and underdeveloped countries.(Questions and Answers about Fairtrade certified cotton n.d.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairtrade_labelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Fair_Trade_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Fair_Trade_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_European_Worldshopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_European_Worldshopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldshophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Fair_Trade_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_trading_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_trading_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FINEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Trade_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Trade_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairtrade_labelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Fair_Trade_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_European_Worldshopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldshophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Fair_Trade_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_trading_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FINEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Trade_Federation


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(Cotton on to Fair trade n.d.)

Fairtrade certified cotton products are sourced from smallholder cooperatives in India, Mali,

Senegal, Cameroon, and Peru that are independently certified by international body, Fairtrade

Labelling Organisations International (FLO). All the traders in the supply chain have been

registered with the Fairtrade system and work to the trading standards. (Questions and

Answers about Fairtrade certified cotton n.d.)

All Fairtrade certified cotton producers are required to demonstrate increased diligence in

choosing appropriate non-harmful chemicals or a biological or home-made alternative

wherever possible.

The pricing of Fairtrade cotton is based on minimum Fairtrade price (MFP) which is

normally equal to the cost of production of that commodity. FLO has worked out a MFP for

each commodity, for each country. Hence the price of Fairtrade cotton from India may differ

from West Africa due to different cost of production. (Why are Fairtrade Cotton / Product

expensive n.d)

The number of people buying Fairtrade cotton is on the rise. Fairtrade cotton sales rose a

whopping 660% in 2007, with sales reaching the 35m mark. Fairtrade cotton has started

coming on the high street of U.K, including a new menswear range from Debenhams and

clothes and/or home wear ranges in Marks & Spencer, Topshop, Monsoon, Next, House of

Fraser, Tesco, the Co-op, and Sainsburys. (Fantastic fair trade facts n.d.)

ANALYSIS OF THE IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW TAKEN FROM THE

FAIR TRADE FORUM-INDIA MEMBER MANUFACTURERS

POST FAIR TRADE CHANGE

The changes what the majority of the members had been facing post fair trade certification as

compared to pre fair trade certification was that they got more buyers internationally as

well as in India. Their export sales and turnover increases every year.

FAIR TRADE PRODUCTS EXPENSIVE THAN SIMILAR CONVENTIONAL

PRODUCTS

Fair trade leads to removal of exploitative mediators in the supply chain between the

producers and the ultimate consumer. The Fair Trade products still turn out to be expensive
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as compared to the similar non fair trade products in the market. The cost to the consumers

typically remains the same while a higher percentage of the price is returned to the

artisans and farmers who make the product.

Except a few FTF-I members, majority of the manufacturers had their producers in remote

areas like Kutch, Orissa etc. Manufacturers have to:

Go to the producers to get the products made which leads to higher administrative

expenses.

Call their producers for their training and development and to take part in the

exhibitions.

Every product is handmade which takes much more time than machine made products.

Products cannot be mass produced unlike commercial sectors. Production turns out to be

little expensive as every person involved in the supply chain is paid fairly and the rightworth he holds.

Fair Trade products are humane, clean and made with dignity. Non Fair trade products

could be made inhumanely with child or bonded labour or grossly underpaid and exploitedworkers. This was quoted by Mr Shastri from Usha Exim pvt ltd.

In Fair trade, products are customized. The orders are generally small and hence input

costs are higher as there are no economies of scale that could be passed on to the

consumer. In Fair Trade, labour is paid a better than minimum wages prescribed, have been

working conditions and investment in capacity building, which increases the product cost in

spite of elimination of middlemen. Yet, the price difference is only marginal.

Consumers must decide whether they wish to patronize products laced with human tears

and hunger, or buy products that are clean and green . This was quoted by Mr Basant

Kumar from World Family Forum.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

Fair trade certified companies differentiate themselves from the non Fair trade

companies who are acting fair with their workers and labourers in the entire supply

chain asFair Trade companies are mostly social organizations whose core objective is tohelp the marginalized group of producers or artisans towards fair and just production

opportunities and facilitate them in marketing their products. These companies work towards

the upliftment and skill development of their producers.

Fair trade is a business with difference, whereas non fair trade is just business for human

greed. this was quoted by Mr Basant Kumar from World Family Forum.

FTF-I members try and involve maximum marginalized people to work for them. They pay

extra cost to the producer groups who have many producers working under them. According


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to FTCI general manager, they guarantee more employment than any other

commercialized sector.

UTMOST QUALITY OF FAIR TRADE PRODUCTS

Fair trade companies have an edge over the non Fair trade companies in respect to theirproducers as they give direct work to their producers. Some of the manufacturers bought

everything what their producers had made for them . Some of them like VHAI didnt

force their producers to work according to a set time limit. This leads to utmost quality of the

product. Fair trade manufacturers provide medical help, time to time training to update the

producers with the present market scenario. They educate their producers about the

artisan schemes and they motivate them to get themselves insured by the government

schemes for artisans such as health care scheme, loan scheme for house, provident fund

policy etc. Some manufacturers such as FTCI were giving computer education to their

interested producers and their children. Some manufacturers were sponsoring free educationto their producers children in school.

In non fair trade companies, labour is the most exploited component in the means of

production. Normal wages are half the Government prescribed minimum wages. In Fair

trade wages, it is higher than the wages prescribed in the Minimum Wages Act. Hence, the

final take home pay of a producer in Fair Trade is far higher than non-fair trade.

WORKING WITH MARGINALIZED PRODUCERS ONLY

Majority of the Fair Trade members were purely working with the marginalized anddisadvantaged producers. MESH was one of the members who was solely working with

handicapped and disabled producers. Usha exim was also working with the main stream

producers.

MOSTLY EXPORTS

Some of the manufacturers solely traded in international exports. But VHAI was selling

their products to hotels like Trident, Taj Group of hotels and Cottage Emporium in India.

Some of the members like MESH, Asha etc had their own retail shops in india. Some

members like Usha exim are trying to enter into the domestic market.

INSPECTION DONE THROUGH BUYERS, FTF-I & MEMBERS INTERCHANGEABLY

The inspection to check whether the fair trade certified members are following the set

fair trade standards and principles is done by the Fair Trade Forum- Indias (FTF-I)

officials on the basis of Fair Trade set guidelines. FTF-I members also interchangeably

inspect each other. Through this they get a chance to learn from each others positive as well

as negative points. Some Fair Trade buyers also come and do a surprise checking both

where the producers are working to make their ordered products and the manufacturer

to whom they have placed the order. Some of the members like Usha exim had so far been

having their own inspectors conducting the inspection internally.


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Some of the members like MESH were certified with IFAT where self assessment board

comes and inspects. FTF-I has a panel of experts who score the members by a Program of

continuous improvement (PCI). Some of the members like FTCI have hired independent

audit people for inspection. They follow an action plan where every previous two year audit

is compared with the present and checked systematically.

Each organization undergoes a rigorous screening process to evaluate their trading

practices and the depth of their commitment to the fair trade principles. By

approaching business and development in a holistic way, members work to make trade

a tool to alleviate poverty, reduce inequality, and create opportunities for people to help

themselves.

Fair Trade Forum-India also assist and guide its member organizations to make appropriate

changes in their efforts to strengthen fair trade initiatives and facilitate financial, technical

and other support from government and national and international financial institutions and

donor agencies.

FAIR TRADE PRINCIPLES DIFFER FROM COMPLIANCE LAWS

Fair Trade set standards and principles are different from compliance laws followed by

commercialized sector as like FTCI said that Fair Trade standards are more organized than

the compliance laws followed by various other manufacturers. According to FTCI, any

company who has sufficient funds can get the ISO 2001 certificate but in Fair Trade buyers

are more critical and particular unlike other commercialized sector. Compliance laws might

differ from buyer to buyer for e.g. Ann Taylor compliance laws may differ from Marks &

Spencer. Whereas, Fair Trade set standards are to be followed uniformly by every Fair

Trade certified organizations and manufacturers globally.

According to World Family Forum, the parameters of compliances are stolen straight from

the 10 core standards of Fair Trade. In this sense, FairTrade standards are the genuine

original concept, whereas compliances are only a copy of the original . Compliances are

expensive and rigid. Very often standards can be compromised through allurement or other

fraudulent means. Many compliance passed factories are known to sell goods produced

unfairly in violation of all standards. This is not possible in Fair Trade because of the

inherent social commitments for which Fair Trade Companies exist.

ETHICAL SOURCE OF PURCHASE TO THE CONSUMER

A consumer who buys a Fair Trade product gain in terms of getting a nice feeling of

satisfaction by ultimately helping marginalized producers. While handmade products

naturally include some variation, fair trade organizations continuously work with their

producer partners to improve quality and consistency. Through direct and long-term

relationships, producers and fair trade organizations dialogue about consumer needs

and create high quality products. Fair traders have received awards at the international Cup

of Excellence competitions, the New York Home Textile Show, and other venues.
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Fair trade products are free of tears of fear of workers. This was quoted by Arun mala of

Tara Project.

Fair trade products provides an assurance that the products are free of child and bonded

labour and produced in better working conditions with gender equity.


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APPENDIX 2

QUESTIONNAIRE ON FAIR TRADE FOR MANUFACTURERS

Dear Sir/Madam,

As a student of Pearl Academy of Fashion, I am required to do a research on Fair trade in India. Your

responses will be kept confidential and will be analyzed strictly for academic purposes. Please answer

ALL the questions.

Completing the questionnaire will take only a few minutes of your time.

Personal details:

Name: _______________________________________________

Designation: ____________________________________________

Name of the organization/ company: ________________________________________

SECTION A (Compulsory section)

1. Which of the following considerations does your organisation take into account for its producersor workers (select as many as relevant):

Paying fair wages in local context Decent working conditions Gender equality

Ensuring environmental sustainability Respecting cultural identity No child labour

Supplying financial & technical support Educating consumers

Building direct & long term relationships Others (please specify) _______________________

2. Does your organisation include Fair Trade criteria or does it expect to start introducing FairTradecriteria? (Please select only one)

We currently include Fair Trade criteria. 2002

We expect to include Fair Trade criteria in the near future.

Please state when:____________________________________________________________

We previously included Fair Trade criteria but don't do it anymore.

Please state why:__________________________________________________________________

We considered introducing Fair Trade criteria, but rejected the idea.

Please state why:__________________________________________________________________


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We do not intend to include Fair Trade criteria.

Other (please specify)__________________________________________________

SECTION B (For non fair trade certified companies only)

3. What do you consider are the fears you would face by including Fair Trade criteria in yourorganisation's tenders? (Select as many options as relevant)

Legal uncertainty on the international level Legal uncertainty on the national level

Lack of awareness Concern regarding quality of the product

Lack of sufficient offers Concern over possibly higher price

Others, please specify____________________________________

4. For which of the following reasons you dont want to get fair trade certified? (Select as many

options as relevant)

Never thought about it

Find it too expensive

Difficult procedures of getting the certification

Dont agree with the principle

Dont know about fair trade

Dont seek any future benefits

Unawareness of fair trade in the community

Others, please specify _________________________________

SECTION C (For fair trade certified companies only)

5. Which year did your organization begin introducing fair trade criteria?

_______________________________________________________________

6. Does fair trade create a brand name for you to differentiate you from the existing non fairtrade organizations/companies/manufacturers in India?

Yes No


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If yes, then how _________________________________________________________

7. Would your organisation consider introducing other Fair Trade. What products else than theexisting ones?

Yes No

If yes, please specify which products.

__________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

8. Do you face any problems while implementing fair trade set standards and principles?

Yes No

a) If yes, then please mention the problems and at what stages of your supply chain do you face them?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

b) How do you overcome these problems?

______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

9. Which all countries are most receptive in terms of exports from your company?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you for your time and patience..

- Suhani uppal

(Student of fashion merchandising)


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APPENDIX 3

QUESTIONNAIRE ON FAIR TRADE FOR ORGANIZATIONS

Dear Sir/Madam,

As a student of Pearl Academy of Fashion, I am required to do a research on Fair trade in India.

Your responses will be kept confidential and will be analyzed strictly for academic purposes. Please

answer ALL the questions.

Completing the questionnaire will take only a few minutes of your time.

Personal details:

Name: __________________________________________________

Designation: __________________________________________________

Name of the organization/ company: ___________________________________________

1. Which fair trade product holds the maximum share of sales in India? [rank in the order of

preference, 1 being the highest preferred and 9 being the lowest]

Coffee Tea Cotton Apparel Fruits

Handicrafts Food grains Spices & nuts Others __________________

2. Who is most benefitted ( monetary benefits) in fair trade system in India [rank in the order of

preference, 1 being the most preferred and 6 being the lowest]

Customer Importer & exporter Fair trade shops

Fair trade organizations Producers Others _________________

3. Indian fair trade products are mostly preferred & exported to: [rank in the order of preference,

1 being the most preferred and 7 being the lowest]


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Asia Australia Africa Europe America UK Others

4. Which Export Processing Zones [EPZ] are most receptive to fair trade in India [rank in the

order of preference, 1 being the most preferred and 7 being the lowest]

Noida EPZ Gandhidham EPZ Mumbai EPZ Kolkata EPZ

Cochin EPZ Chennai EPZ Vishakhapatnam EPZ

5. Which states are most receptive to fair trade according to your organization ( please TICK the

relevant options)

6. What benefits does the manufacturer get by becoming fair trade certified?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________


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7. What according to your organization are the procedures involved for the fair trade companies

to get the benefits? (select as many as relevant)

Abiding the certification & membership methods of WFTO (World Fair Trade Org.)

Abiding the certification & membership methods of FLO (Fair Labelling Organization)

Abiding the certification & membership methods of AFTF (Asia Fair Trade forum)

Others, please specify ____________________________________

8. How are the fair trade manufacturers making sure of fair trade practises in their supply chain

at all levels?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

9. How much extra percentage does it cost to a fair trade manufacturer as compared to regular

manufacturer in India?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Do you think there is a scope for manufacturers to misuse the benefits provided by fair trade

in India?

Yes No May be

And how? __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11.What can be the reasons why rest of the manufacturers in India are not willing to get them fair

trade certified? (select as many as relevant):

Difficulty in following fair trade set standards & principles

Government policies Unawareness amongst manufacturers

Not popular amongst Indian consumers Low demand from importing countries

If others, please mention ____________________________________________________

12.After what period a member organization or a company needs to renew its fair trade

certificate with your organization?

Annually Others, please specify ____________________________________

13. Is there any fair trade certification fee charged from the members of your organization?


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If yes, then how much __________________________________ No

Is the fee charged for once or is it charged on some regular basis? If on regular basis,

then how often?

________________________________________________________________________

14. How does your organization keep a check on its existing fair trade members if they are

accurately following the fair trade set standards and principles or not?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

15.How often is this practised? [tick one] (refer to the previous question)

Daily Once a week Once a month Once in 3 months

Once in 6 months Once a year Others _____________________________

16. On what grounds do you disqualify the fair trade certification of your members?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

17. What does a consumer gain by buying fair trade products over non fair trade products in

India?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

18. What do you think can be the reasons for Indian consumer to be so unaware about fair trade

as compared to international consumers?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

19.What are the major areas that need improvement in fair trade as a movement in India? (select

as many as relevant)

Need a brand/ label Strong consumer network Trendy product range

Government policies following Fair-trade Awareness initiatives Others ________

20.What is the anticipated percentage growth of fair trade in India? (Please tick one per year)


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Year 2009-10 0-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% Others__

Year 2010-11 0-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% Others__

Year 2011-12 0-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% Others__

Any message you would like to give?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Thank you for your time and patience..

- Suhani uppal

(Student of fashion merchandising)


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APPENDIX 4

QUESTIONS ASKED FROM FAIR TRADE FORUM-INDIA MEMBERS

DURING THE IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW

1. What changes you have been facing post fair trade certification as compared to pre

fair trade certification

2. Fair trade leads to removal of mediators between the producers and the ultimate

consumers. Then why are fair trade products still more expensive than similar non fair

trade products

3. How do you say that fair trade set standards and principles are different from

compliance?

4. How do you differentiate yourself from these non fair trade companies who are acting

fair with their producers and labourers in the entire supply chain?

5. What extra do you do for your workers be it be in terms of wages paid, premiumgiven or other benefits as compared to non fair trade companies?

6. Do you only work with the marginalized producers?

7. Who comes and inspects whether your company is following fair trade standards or

not. How is this done and how often is this practised?

8. Do you trade domestically or is it just limited to exports to international countries?

9. What does a consumer gain by buying fair trade products over non fair trade

products?

10. Can you explain me the costing of one particular fair trade product you sell?


19/19

APPENDIX 5

QUESTIONS TO BE ASKED IN IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW FROM THEFAIR TRADE ORGANIZATIONS

Q1. What is the history behind your organization?

Q2. Why do you have the fair trade agenda?

Q3. How do you find your buyers?

Q4. Why should the Indian manufacturers get fair trade certified?

Q5. Do the fair trade manufacturers get a better price for fair trade products as compared to

the regular manufacturers?

Q6. Who are your members?

Q7. What all does your organization do to promote fair trade in India?

Q8. Do you co-ordinate with FTF-I (fair trade forum-india). If yes, then how?

Q9. Your organization is certified by what all Fair trade membership and certification

enabling organizations?

Documents

Fair Trade- Suhani