In terms of factual production there are a number of different factual programmes including documentaries such as chat shows, magazine shows, talk shows, and reality shows. Chat Shows are shows such as ‘The Jonathan Ross Show’, ‘The Graham Norton Show’, and ‘Alan Carr Chatty Man’. Magazines Shows are shows like ‘The One Show’, ‘This Morning’, ‘Top Gear, and ‘Day Break’. Talk Shows are shows like ‘Jeremy Kyle’, ‘Jerry Springer’, and ‘Steve Wilkos’. Reality shows are shows like ‘Big Brother’ and ‘Made In Chelsea’. Documentaries are shows/films ‘Bowling For columbine’, ‘Tattooed Tears’ and ‘The Tree Man’. In chat shows there are interviews with celebrities with a live audience and through these the people presenting them have become minor celebrities themselves, there main purpose is to promote and entertain however they are considered factual programming as they find out facts about the celebrities they are interviewing e.g. when Jonathan Ross interviewed Adele he found out she creates most of her songs from a book she writes her thoughts down in when she is drunk. These type of shows are slightly subjective because they are there to promote the celebrity so they only show the positive side of the celebrity even if they have a negative side so it is bias. Talk shows are shows with a live audience and a presenter who often talking about certain people problems particularly within families where they get help to sort them out they are also slightly reality as they deal with real life people. They are factual as they deal with real life problems that happen in every society e.g. in the Jeremy Kyle show they deal with issues such as cheating and drug abuse so talk shows often try and tackle some of society's most uncomfortable issues through the use of facts. They are generally objective and try to not take sides in the problems they deal with on the show they try to take more of a 3rd person role. Typically magazine shows are shows set out like magazines with a mixture of interviews, articles, and cover certain topics such as cooking or car racing. They usually have a presenter and are sometimes live. Top Gear is a good example of a magazine show that uses factual programming because when it focuses on its main topics which is cars and racing it uses a lot of facts to make the show interesting and understandable which fulfills the show's purpose to inform and entertain. Magazine shows can be subjective as they control the topics they talk about and the producers choose what content to cover e.g. fastest cars and if there is a topic they think the viewers won’t find interesting than they will not be included. Reality tv shows are shows that are usually not scripted and they feature real people based on real

events which are generally live like ‘Big Brother.These type of shows tend to be objective as they are not particularly trying persuade the viewers of a particular point of view however the people who star in these shows their views may be subjective on certain topics raised in the show, which can have an impact on how objective or subjective the show is. Documentaries typically have a voice over and discuss and inform people about certain topics and events they try to be factual and as impartial as they can. These factual shows are viewed and consumed by a number of different audiences in multiple different ways such as on the internet, in the cinema, on the tv and on dvd. On channels such as channel 4 and itv 1, they are also viewed on catch up websites such as 4od and bbciplayer. The main focus is on film and tv documentaries and on the conventions of tv news programs. The main conventions of tv news programmes are dramatic music, presenter formally dressed, rolling text, on location reporting and mode of formal address. However documentaries are slightly different they focus on persuading the audience of the film makers opinions through the use of facts. There are three main types expository, observational and interactive. Typically with expository documentaries there is a voice of god and the filmmaker is never seen, and both non-diegetic and diegetic sound. With interactive documentaries typically the filmmaker is seen in the documentary and plays a large part in the making of the documentary there is also a voice over with both non diegetic and diegetic sound. Because the filmmaker has such a large role in the documentary it tends to make them very subjective e.g. in Bowling For Columbine Michael Moore wrote, directed, acted and helped edit the film so of course his views and opinions will have a big impact on how the film looks and feels. Typically with observation documentaries you get the fly on the wall approach, with no interviews or voice over they are typically focus more on reality and at a first glance appear to be more objective than any other type of documentary however they are still subjective to a point as the director still edits the documentary and chooses what footage to show his audience thus affecting the audiences opinions. These types of documentaries all try and persuade the audiences of their opinions differently by presenting the facts in a different way however they all aim to present a factual program that tries to make the audience believe in what they are being told however it comes down to the same point they are all   telling a story. There are a number of issues we need to consider when watching and marketing factual programs these are accuracy, objective(ness) and subjective(ness). It is

important that documentaries have accuracy as they are based on facts to persuade people of a certain opinion so it is important that the facts they use are correct and accurate. A good example of facts being accurate is in Bowling For Columbine when you set up a bank account you get a free gun, the audience will believe him as technically Moore is telling the truth and he can prove he’s telling the truth. He also does this to try and gain the audience's trust so when they find out hes got his facts right they may decide, well if he’s got that right he’s probably right about a bunch of other stuff even if he may not be’, this shows Moore as a very persuasive and almost manipulative documentary maker. Moore also has to tell the truth for legal reasons as millions if not thousands of people will see it so if they get the facts wrong people could sue Michael Moore. Another issue is objectiveness as the audience would expect the factual programme to be objective and balanced so it doesn’t have an opinion on any matter or be biased to a certain view unlike Moore who has an element of bias. So the audience would expect the documentary to show them both sides of the argument which would lead to a balanced argument. Tattooed tears is a good example of an objective documentary as there is little or no editing done and there is no voiceover explaining things in the way the filmmaker wants so it’s left up to the audiences own interpretation. All factual programmes possess an element of objectiveness as they need to seem like they are only presenting facts and not opinion. So to seem objective they will provide both sides of the arguments e.g. in the Tree Man documentary  they showed both the Indonesian doctors treatment plan and the American doctors treatment plan then they showed the advantages and disadvantages of both and made the audience decide what one they liked the best in order to present a balanced impartial argument. However in reality all documentaries are really subjective as they express the opinion of the film maker. Bowling For Columbine is a very subjective documentary as it manipulates the audience through elliptical editing e.g. in the bank scene Moore edits it so it seems like it only took a little while to get the gun when in actual fact it could of taken a week or two, by doing this he gets the audience to think the gun laws in America are stupid which is therefore reflecting his own opinion on the audience. All documentaries are subjective some more then others it depends on how much input the filmmaker has on the film so if they have little input like in the trap as there is probably a whole team to help out unlike Columbine then it will be less subjective than Bowling For Columbine where Moore wrote the script directed the film and

starred in the film. There are a number of ways for the filmmaker to convince the audience of their opinion whether it is through the editing, or the script however it is always done by the way the filmmaker presents the facts.

There are many different conventions used within News Programming some more important than others however they are all needed to make the news possible.The main conventions of news programs are field reporters, studio news readers/presenters, links to studio, mode of address to viewer, interviewing, experts and witnesses and actuality footage. Field reporters are often the reporters that go to where the events in the news have happened or are happening. They are often shown to us through on location shooting which is usually live  however some times are pre recorded particularly if the events are happening in another country because of the different time zones. Field reporters often tie in with links to studio because if it’s a live report they would say something like “and now we have an update from our reporter that is at the scene’ then when they finish the report they would say back to you at the studio, this helps keep the news up to date as the audience is getting the news as its happening so its quite literally current events. Studio news reporters are always used in every news program they are a way of appealing to the audience particularly by the way they are dressed and the tone of their voice e.g. in news at 10 the presenter is dressed very formally to appeal to the older more adult audience, it is also done to show that the news is very serious and is important to listen to. The mode of address to the viewer is an important convention because it is all about how the news presenter talks to the audience e.g. in news at 10 the presenter talks to the audience in a very serious tone of voice with no emotion in his voice. He also addresses the audience by almost shouting at them so people get a sense of urgency and they know what he’s saying is important.  Witnesses and experts are always interviewed in news programs this is done in news programs to help keep them impartial usually by interviewing more than one witness and more than one expert that will have a different opinion to the other expert so they get both sides of the story. This is also done to help reinforce a point of view or a news story so they are more accurate e.g. this is done in news at 10 with the Tesco interview to try and explain why the stocks in tesco had fallen. Actuality footage is another convention, which again is done to

reinforce an opinion, or news story, which could potentially make the difference between a story being accurate or not accurate. Actuality footage is also used so that the audience can understand the news story easier and so they know it’s about a current event e.g. there is some actuality footage used in news at 10 about Cameron and the economy where you get the sound bite from the actuality footage ‘a can do spirit’ so then the audience knows how the quote the presenter used is relevant to the news and they now understand why the presenter used that quote.

In terms of camerawork within news at 10 there is alot of shot variation such as medium shots, close ups, long shots, tracking shot and zoom shots. This is good shot variation especially for a news program as they tend to only use one or two shots a medium shot on the presenter in a studio which is like an establishing shot and a closeup to focus on the presenters facial expression. Graphic matches are also used because you have the news presenter talking about a specific event  in a voice over then a shot of what he’s talking about this helps the audience understand the headlines better e.g. when the news reporter is talking about stem cells a picture of them is shown so that everyone knows what they are. The cameraman mainly uses shallow focal field when filming because most of the time the background is always out of focus.The main scene in the news program is the studio where the news reporter is reporting from, it is quite well lit and has the colors in the BBC news ident in the background which is done to help promote the bbc and it becomes memorable to the audience. The news reporter is very formally dressed in a suit and tie, which is typical of the BBC as they are known as a very formal and serious broadcaster especially with news related content again this reinforces the seriousness and importance of the news. When they show clips related to the headlines the scene/background changes, which has been pre, recorded e.g. when Cameron is walking with his wife  the scene looks very busy, as there are a lot of people rushing around. However some of the scenes/backgrounds have been photo shopped and green screened e.g. the animated Pakistani cricketers in front of a cricket pitch with dark stormy clouds representing how people might feel because they cheated. This has been cleverly made because it’s a good example of parallel editing  as the picture illustrates the voiceover because the presenter says it’s a dark day for cricket and there is a picture of dark clouds above their heads which also

helps entertain people because of the flash almost interactive graphics. The presenter is frowning to show how serious he is and he’s doing it so the news stays impartial, so he doesn’t react to the news he’s presenting or have any opinion on it. The seriousness of the news is also reinforced by how the presenter is dressed in a very formal tie and suit.In terms of editing a technique called parallel editing is used because actuality footage is used to reflect what the presenter is saying so the audience understands what the presenter is talking about e.g. the footage of Cameron and his wife which is related to the quote ‘Britain has to adopt a can do spirit’. A sound bridge is also used because when the presenter is still talking it cuts to the actuality footage with the sound from the actuality footage beginning to play while the presenter is still talking, so the sounds almost fade into one another.In News at 10, the sound starts when you see the graphic of the globe with the BBC logo on which is a bit like a countdown and a base line which is very fast and pacey as if what the presenter is going to tell you is urgent and its important/relevant to the audience at the time. The sound is created through these drum like instruments. While the sound of the drums is playing he’s almost shouting at us and the tone of his voice is very serious and he speaks in a tone of voice that doesn’t give any emotions away which is Hugh Edwards mode of address to the audience. There is a range of both diegetic and nondiegetic sound used in the news program particularly in the actuality footage where you have Cameron talking which is diegetic sound then you have the voice over of the presenter talking about the ‘can do spirit’ which is non-diegetic. Before the start of the actual news you have the title sequence with the BBC logo and the globe, which has a very dramatic non-diegetic soundtrack, which sounds like a heart beat monitor as it gets people awake and ready for the news and again it reinforces the seriousness of the program.BBC news is mostly impartial to an extent as it tries not to have an opinion by the way it is represented particularly with how the presenters talk and look. However BBC news is slightly bias as it is giving most of its program time to the controlling party in parliament to give its side of the story on the topic rather than it giving the opposition party a chance to give their view on the situation, this is done because Cameron’s party is in charge in the country and they want to show them in a positive light especially because the BBC gets their funding from the government. On the other hand if labor was in power the BBC would do the same for

them where they would spend most or all of their program time on that topic with that party.

Newsround is significantly different compared to News at 10 in terms of representation, this is because they are aimed at different target audiences, thats why Newsround seems much less serious as it is aimed at children. You can tell this because Newsround is presented in a very informal way which appeals to its target audience e.g. the presenter is dressed informally with a shirt and jeans with his hair spiked up. Also the presenters tone of voice varies e.g. voice is upbeat and happy in the intro and it changes to an over excited tone when he talks about the cool wave photos that were taken why on a surfboard probably because he too likes them.. The studio that Newsround is filmed in also looks like a kids bedroom, the presenter is also represented as very laid back, like he’s down with the kids. The camera work used predominantly when looking at the presenter is a medium shot which is like News at 10 but it is still informal as the presenter is just sitting there relaxed and laid back unlike Hugh Edwards almost staring contest reaction. Also with regard to camera work, they show a lot of archive footage which incompasses a variety of different shots from pans to zooms and long shots, This is done to keep the audience interested as they are only young kids with age ranges about 7 to 13. They also show a lot of archive footage so that they don’t end up confusing the young audience, that way they understand what the news presenter is talking. There is a soundtrack played over the archive footage which is kinda funky and upbeat that appeals to young kids, this is done again to keep them interested. There is a title sequence edited together which has been animated well and it has a funky sound track with loads of different play doe things flying across the screen, this is again done to keep the children entertained as they have short attention spans. Newsround also shares some similarities with News at 10 such as they both use voice overs, title sequences and no emotion in the presenter's  voice in order to keep the news programme objective. These things are done in both programmes as they both have to keep their audience entertained but they also have to make the news clear to them without being bias or partial.60 seconds news is also significantly different to News at 10 in terms of representation primarily due to the different target audiences. You can tell this because 60 seconds news is also represented in an informal way which is kinda cool looking and

down with the teenagers but unlike Newsround it very short and snappy this is because teenagers have very short attention spans and they just want to get back to their programmes like Family Guy. 60 seconds news also represents itself as an important programme but a very convenient one as it is so quick it doesn’t cause any inconvenience to peoples daily television routines this is mainly done by the editing. The editing helps show this by using things like a clock logo in the very short 60 seconds news title sequence which isn’t really a title sequence this is done to show the programme will be over very quickly. Also at the top of the screen a loading bar with the bbc 3 logo colour(s) is shown so that the audience knows that the news will be over very quickly this is again because of the type of audience and their attention spans. The mise-en-scene is also very important in terms of how the programme represents itself because if you look at the presenter he’s very informally dressed similar to the Newsround programme and he’s in a shirt with spiky cool looking hair, which is again done to appeal to the audience, who would dress similar as they are teenagers who are in touch with fashion. The presenter is also trying to build a rapport with the audience because hes introducing himself and talking about the programme that was just on, as if he was like one of the teenagers watching it . 60 seconds news also shares some similarities with News at 10 such as they both use voice overs, scrolling text and no emotion in the presenter's voice, so the program is kept objective; these things are done in both programmes as they both have to keep their audience entertained/informed but they also have to make the news clear to them without being bias or partial. In 60 seconds news it is edited so that two pictures are shown on screen at the same time as this saves time and it means the audience can learn about more the one event at the same time. 60 seconds news is presented very much like an ident as it is short, sweet, informative and promotional. The presenter even tries to use alliteration to make a joke that would appeal to the target audience of teens which was ‘murry misery’ as Murry lost the match and missed out on his first grand slam title.

The expository documentary that I chose to look at is called tree man which is about a man that has a disease where he grows these excessive walt  that is turning his body into a tree. There are several conventions that can be found in expository documentaries such as a voice over is always used with voice of god which can

be the voice of an expert on the documentary subject also referred to as omnipresent because it shows the voiceovers power and importance possibly powerful enough to influence audiences opinions and views. The person doing the voiceover is Omniscient but at the same time he is 3rd person narrating which allows the voiceover to be detached from any arguments or views given in the documentary making the documentary seem factual, balanced and objective. In the tree man you can tell the voice over is very Omniscient because he is telling the audience all of the information about the person and he seems to know a lot about what he documentary is about which in this case is a man with a disease. The voice over in the tree man also fees omnipresent as you can’t see the person talking but it feels like he’s everywhere as you don’t know where his voice is coming from.  Another typical convention is the use of non-diegetic sound to add effect e.g. to create emotion from the audience or to set the mood of the documentary which also shows whether the documentary is being serious or sarcastic like in Bowling For Columbine. Non-diegetic sound is used to reinforce some voiceovers by making them seem more believable and important  e.g. in documentaries like The Trap after the voiceover makes a point some non diegetic sound starts to play over the archive footage which backs up the voiceovers point which in turn makes the voiceover more believable and persuasive e.g. there is a clip in the trap where there is a strange woman that looks in shock and the voiceover says it is a strange kind of freedom and than a strange mysterious non-diegetic track starts playing. The non-diegetic music also reflects the atmosphere/environment of the documentary. For example in the tree man you get this sought of faint soft background music especially when the different scenes change and you enter into a different environment e.g. when you have the shot of the field  you get a light den don den din from a xylophone instrument  which is quite calm and nature like reflecting the scene. Another big convention of expository documentaries is parallel editing where the images shown on screen reflect what the voiceover is saying. The tree man documentary does this very well e.g. the voice over starts talking about how his only hope is a doctor from the US, doctor Anthony Gaspari  then the images on screen is of the building where this doctor works then it shows a shot of the doctor. Subtitles are used when the tree man and other people are speaking Indonesian so that the audience can understand what they are saying this is just a number of different ways the documentary keeps us informed. To help explain complicated

things in an easier way the documentary shows pictures so that the audience can grasp better what the experts are talking about. Another convention of an expository documentary is formal interviews and talking headshots which is where you  have a medium close up shot of an expert which mainly focuses on their head so its called a talking headshot as when you watch it you get a head that’s talking to you as a member of the audience,  you also get the lower third that displays information about the interview such as their name and profession. This is done in tree man with the interview of doctor Anthony Gaspari where there is a shot with just his head and lower shoulders in and on the left of the screen in the lower third you have the information about him then you have his head bobing along talking. During this interview you then get the voice of authority where the interviewee is talking then it cuts to some actuality or archive footage but you still here the expert talking to you but in the form of voice of god so its called voice of authority as the person talking to you is important, especially to the topic of the documentary. In this case the doctor is still talking then it cuts to some footage of the tree man showing the audience how bad the condition is. Bowling for columbine is different to the tree man because the documentary maker Michael moore is actually in the documentary and is interacting with the interviewee’s. It is also different to the tree man documentary as the interviews are informal because they are not planned and the interviewee has not been prepped. Bowling for columbine is also different to the tree man because it uses elliptical editing to help influence and change the audiences views and opinion this is basically where Michael Moore is choosing what to show the audience through the edit. However bowling for columbine and the tree man are similar in some ways as they both use non-diegetic music reflect the mood of the documentary and the environment of which they are in. They also both use voiceover that are both omnipresent and omniscient. Tattooed tears is different to the tree man in several ways e.g. it is observation rather then expository. Tattooed tears also only uses diegetic sound where the tree man uses both non-diegetic and diegetic. There is also no voice over used in the documentary and no music to illustrate the mood like in the tree man. And there are no interviews used. However in some respect tattooed tears is similar to the tree man as they both have this fly on the wall notion where the filmmaker is not present in the documentary and everyone in the documentary try and pretend the camera is not there even though in reality it is. Tattooed tears also

uses on location shooting just like the tree man does this mean that there documentary can be more factual.

In Tattooed Tears there is some  shot variation but not a lot because they only use a close up extreme close up and a medium shot this is primarily done to focus on peoples facial expression. When filming there is no tripod used so the cameraman films free hand which is why the camera isn’t static. The cameraman primarily uses the zoom to get different shot varieties but at one point they do move the camera this is where the only cut in the clip is. There is virtually no editing except for the cut I mentioned they used to move the camera. This is done so that the audience gets a real sense of how the prison is. Long duration shots and long takes are used as a result of almost no editing this is very effective because it ensures the viewers do not miss out on anything important that is why when they were in the prison the camera was kept rolling 24/7. All the sound in the documentary is diegetic so no voice over or soundtrack what was interesting was a sound bridge was used this is clever as the editor tried to disguise it in the edit. The Mise-en-scene is set in a prison which is realistic because even though the camera’s there the prisoners aren’t acting like in a movie but acting up to the camera e.g. the person on outside of the cell knows camera is there so hes telling the camera crew to check this out as he knows the person's response will be interesting to film. The lighting sets the mood because the prison is not lit well thus its dark and gloomy which reflects well as the guys talking about beating up his mother which is a dark subject in itself.

Bowling For Columbine uses a very complex cinematography as there is loads of shot variation such as; long shot, mid shots, close ups, birds eye shot, low angle shot, and high angle shot. While using these shots the camera man also incorporated zooms in and out into his shots so they flow better. These shot work well together because they have been cut together well. The editing is interesting in bowling for columbine and it is fit for purpose as Michael moore uses an editing technique called elliptical editing where the editor cuts certain clips out like peoples responses to questions or people asking questions to help shape people's opinions e.g. when Michael moore fills out the background check we see him being handed the gun a minute later but we don’t see all the other stuff he had to do before getting the gun so hes

making people think that it is stupid and easy to get guns in america. The editor uses a lot of graphic matches particularly in the opening scene of the documentary. So the clips match the voiceover which is Michael Moore talking in a sarcastic tone. There is diegetic and nondiegetic sound used in the documentary from voice overs, patriotic music to sounds of people loading a gun and people talking. At the beginning in the mise-en-scene with the army general in the uniform that is a piece of archive footage which Michael Moore is using to make his documentary funny/he’s being sarcastic because in the archive footage the general says “this film has been approved for your viewing by the national rifle association” and yet this film is slagging off the NRA. In the mise-en-scene some rather weird costumes and props are used such as the anorexic woman smiling in a bikini holding an m16 machine gun this is done to convey the point that America is weird and crazy.  

When comparing Bowling For Columbine and Tattooed Tears it is important that you note that Bowling For Columbine is very subjective and Tattooed Tears is very objective. This is because of certain aspects like the cinematography, editing, sound and mise-en-scene. The main reason Bowling For Columbine is very subjective is because of an editing technique Michael Moore uses called elliptical editing which is where the editor cuts out certain bits of footage and picks what bits of footage to use which can have a massive effect on peoples opinions e.g. Michael Moore edits out a lot of the background check in the bank so it makes the audience think its easy to get a gun in America. Another example of elliptical editing used in the bank is where Michael Moore asks one of the staff members if he thinks its stupid to sell guns in the bank but Moore chooses to cut the footage before he gets a response so the audience think there is no good reason to sell guns in the bank however the man may of given a very reasonable answer. However the editing in Tattooed Tears is very different which makes it much more objective this is because very few cuts are used unless they are moving the camera and a lot of raw footage is used so what you see is pretty much what you get. So the footage is much more reality like and it is not watered down to influence people's opinions it is there to let people make up their own opinion. However the film is partly subjective as the film maker does choose what footage to include but you cant avoid that as someone has to make the decision. In bowling for columbine a

lot of medium shots are used and closeups this is so that the audience can mainly focus on the interviewee’s so see how they react to certain questions through their facial expression and body language so this can effect the audience views because depending on how they see the interviewee react it will change there opinions which makes the film slightly more subjective. In Tattooed Tears the cinematography is slighly different as different shots are used e.g. tracking shots medium shots and long shots which focuses more on the location and the scene of where the footage is being shot so people get to see what the prisons were really like and they make their own mind up about them so the documentary is objective. Tattoted Tears is also objective as there is no interviews unlike in Bowling For Columbine so it means no one is directly controlling what they want people to say and how they want people to come across to the audience because in Bowling For Columbine Moore asks the questions and he controls how the interview goes to try and get the response he want to help influence the audience views. Where in Tattoted Tears he lets the prisoners control any sought of interviews thay may have e.g. the interaction between the two prisoners as one of the prisoners asks why is he in there and the other prisoner tells him the story but the film crew did not organise it or have anything to do with it they are merely observing it as it happens thus making Tattooed Tears objective. In terms of sound Bowling For Columbine also comes across as being objective as Michael Moore chooses the soundtrack which is used in his documentary to influence the mood and emotions he wants the audience to feel which will affect their opinion where in Tattooed Tears there is no non diegetic soundtrack used controlling the mood of the documentary and all the sound used is diegetic sound from the film either ambient or dialogue. Also Tattooed Tears doesn’t use a voice over so they have no one telling the audience what’s going or giving the audience additional information which make affect the audiences opinion instead they leave it up to the audience to make their own interpretations and opinions which makes the documentary subjective. Where in Bowling For Columbine Moore uses a voiceover telling the audience what is going on and giving the audience additional information which is influencing their opinions making the documentary subjective. Bowling For Columbine is an interactive documentary so Moore appears in it and plays a big role in the documentary especially as he’s a main character, director and writer so really he has to much impact on the film, where Tattooed Tears is an objective documentary so the

filmmaker doesn’t appear in it and he doesn’t really direct it or edit it much the only thing the filmmaker does in Tattooed Tears in chose what footage goes into it so its a lot more objective than Bowling For Columbine. Overall I have come to the conclusion that Tattooed Tears in an objective documentary by nature and Bowling For Columbine is a subjective documentary by nature.

In conclusion there is one main difference between TV news and documentaries in terms of factual production, which is TV news is generally objective but documentaries are generally subjective, this is because of a number of different reasons that i have explained throughout this essay. One of the most significant issues that you have to think about when making a factual production is accuracy this is because, accuracy determines how accurate the documentary is with the facts and how truthful it is being, this is vitial as this will determind how much an audience believes and trusts in what you are telling your audience and if they dont belive you then they wont watch anything you make. Accuracy is also important for legal reasons as if you are found to be lying or have presented facts that are not accurate then the audience could sue you because you will be misleading  them.  You can also be sued by OFCOM who are the organisation that regulate british film and tv which could ruin your reputation and bankrupt, similiarly to what happened to news night where they made a report claiming that a frmer conservative mp was a pedophile however they were wrong and this led to several top staff at the bbc getting sacked and a financial payment being payed out to the former mp. But not only did it have a financial impact on the bbc but it tarnished their reputation and it has proably made news night’s audience less likely to belive anything they report on as much as they use to. Another important factual issue to consider is representation this is important because the filmmaker can choose how to show certain topics/subjects or people in a negative or possible way depending how they want their audience to react and whether they want to seem bias or objective.The easiest and most effective way to control how a proggramme or film represensts themselve is through the media language and codes such as soundtrack, editing, mise-en-scene and camera work. These are all very important as they all play a significant role however they all effect the audience in different ways as i’ve explained throughout this essay. Generally factual productions tend to represent themselves differently basd on their target audiences especially news

programmes e.g. 60 seconds news is represented in a totally different way from news at 10 this is because one is aimed at teenagers so its much more informal and the other is aimed at adults so it is very formal. Documentries are significantly different to news programs in terms of representation as they dont base how they represent the documentary around their target audience like news programs, instead they represent their documentary based on the view or opinion they are trying to convey in order to best influence their audience. So when they talk about a certain topic they will talk about it from their own point of view which will make the documentary very subjective. They can pretty much represent their opinion how they want as long as they use facts to back up their opinion which is where accuracy comes in but even that is subjective and biast as the film maker will only chose to show the facts that supports their opinion. Sound is a very good example of how a documentary uses representation to support its point e.g. diegetic sound suggests realism which represents the documentary as being realistic as it is actual sound that is real and has been recorded when you were filming; whereas non-digetic sound is where you can change the whole representation of the topic as you can add a voiceover to express your opinion on the topicwhile at the same time you can use a non-digetic soundtrack to help create a certain emotion inside the audience that will help support your opinion however it will be an unrealistic representation. Eliptical editing is another great way to represent your opinion anyway you so choose and this is a technique Moore uses alot to support his view point. So when you edit your documentary you chose what bits of footage to include that will support your idea or opinion and you would leave the footage out that does not support your opinion. This technique can also be used  in interviews e.g. if your interviewee makes a good point that disproves your opinion then you can edit it out so it looks like you have a good opinion and it is correct. In terms of factual issues their is some crossover between objectivity and subjectivity where the filmmaker tries to use both of them to support his opinion and influence the audience. This is done by the filmmaker trying to represent  their subjective opinion but in an objective 3rd person prospective so it seems objective thus the audience will be more likely to belive it. This is done in documentries like the tree man where a voice of god voiceover is used that is omniscient so therefore they will not have any opinion on the subject  but because when the film maker makes the documentary that will get someone to add in the voiceover and they will still have control

over it so the documentary will still be subjective. As human beings we all think in a subjective manner as we all have our own opinions so in reality all documentries support the filmmakers opinion but in a way we belive to be accurate as it is presented in a 3rd person detached form. One of the biggest problems factual productions face is being to biased as this can be the last straw for some audience members and in some cases they begin to disagree with the film makers views and opinions so they become more likely not to belive what you as a film maker is displaying to the audience. Even the news has some form of biased e.g. the bbc as it is government funded to an extent but news is mainly biased as it is made from the country point of view e.g. we only hear about the number of british troops that die but never about the number of civilians or taliban we kill, and all tv channels report this which maks the channel biased as well. The most important thing to remember with factual production is that all factual programs whether it is tv, news or film are made for a particular target audience and most of the time the film makers and producers know the program is only going to appeal to a specific target audience and the other audience members that are not in this specific group will just not watch the program or heavily criticise its bias and subjectiveness where they will eventually come to the conclusion that facts are only shown if they backup the filmmakers opinion. However you must also take into consideration that some audience members will belive anything that is shown to them objectivly as they belive that documentries and the news are truthful and accurate and they wouldn’t want to possibly mislead the decent and genuine british public and these people are most likely to be part of the target audience the factual production is aimed at. On the otherhand who are people to say who’s opinions are right or wrong because after all isn’t everyones opinions truthal to themselves as they wholey and souley belive in it or they wouldn’t go to the extent of making a news program or documentary on it.