Ext Ling World Englishes

8/8/2019 Ext Ling World Englishes

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World Englishes

Bridget GreenBased on

http://www.slideshare.net/aidenyeh/world-englishes

WTUC


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Alecture

Listen.

Ask questions.

Take notes.

Take a quiz using your notes.

Ready?


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English is a global language.

What does that mean?


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What are the top five languages?

Spanish

English

Mandarin

Hindi

Russian


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In order

1 Mandarin

2 English

3 Hindi

4 Spanish

5 Russian

The estimated ranking of languages when second language use is taken into

account. (Based on Ostler, 2005)

But Mandarin is

not considered a

global language.

Why not?


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Did you know?

English is spoken in countries on allfive continents.

www.mapsofworld.com


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Do you know?

Worldwide what percentage of people

speak English?

One outoffive!20%

Source: English 2000 Factsand Figures by the British Council


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Did you know?

More than one and a half billion people arelearning English worldwide.

1,500,000,000Source: David Crystal Why English: The Historical Context


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Did you know?

More than _________% of the worldsscientists read in English.


66


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Did you know?

More than _________% of websites on theinternet are in English.


68


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Did you know?

More than _________% of the worlds mailis written in English.


75


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Did you know?

More than _________% of the worldselectronically stored information is written in

English.


80


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Did you know?

There are 350 million+ nativeEnglish speakers.



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Did you know?

There are more than 1 billion non-native English speakers.

Source: David Crystal Why English: The Historical Context


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Compare:

non-native

English speakers


native

English speakers

100 million+350 million x 31: 3


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Where did it start?

Native English speakers come from

many countries

Source: Kachru1992

UK

USA Canada

New Zealand

Australia

The Inner Circle

IrelandSouth Africa


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How many are there?

Distribution of Native English speakers by

country

Source: Wikipedia/David Crystal1997

Ireland

New Zealand

South Africa

etc


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And then what happened?

Source: Kachru1992

The OuterCircle

imperialism

apoliticalsystemin whichone country rulesalotofothercountries


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Source: Kachru1992

The OuterCircle

colonialism

when apowerfulcountry rulesaweakerone,andestablishesitsown trade andsociety there


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Source: Kachru1992

Bangladesh

GhanaIndia

KenyaMalaysia Pakistan

The Philippines

Singapore

Sri Lanka

TanzaniaZambia

Nigeria

The OuterCircle


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The Outer Circle?

Source: Kachru1992

Bangladesh

GhanaIndia

KenyaMalaysia Pakistan

The Philippines

Singapore

Sri Lanka

TanzaniaZambia

Nigeria

Englishisusedinside the

country asan officiallanguage.


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Source: Kachru1992

China

EgyptIndonesia

Israel

The Expanding Circle

Korea

Nepal

Saudia Arabia

Taiwan

RussiaZimbabwe

Nigeria

Japan

Englishisused by

professionalsin some contexts.


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The Expanding Circle?

Source: Kachru1992

China

EgyptIndonesia

IsraelKorea

Nepal

Saudia Arabia

Taiwan

RussiaZimbabwe

Nigeria

Japan

Englishisused by

professionalsin some contexts.

scientists

pilots

computer programmers

travel agents researchers

teachers

news media

etc.

Englishisrecognizedasan

importantinternational

language.


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English has been exported

English


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English

Native

American:

canoe,chipmunk,

skunk,

squash,

hurricane,avocado,

cocoa,

chili,

chocolate,

etc

Africa:chimpanzee,

trek,voodoo,

yam, etc

Middle East:alcohol,apricot,

zero,assassin,

giraffe,algebra,

etc

China:

ketchup,

chopsticks,bonsai,

yen,china,

tea,etc

Japan:

aikido,

banzai,bonsai,

futon,

haiku, judo,

kamikaze,

sake,

samurai,

tofu,sushi,

shogun,

tycoon,typhoon,

Zen,etc


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Different varieties of English

Source: Answers.com

Dialect = avariety ofalanguage distinguishedby pronunciation, grammar,andvocabulary

Why do

dialects

develop?

1. group

2. time

3. isolation


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Source: Answers.com

DialectsofEnglishhave

developedin allofthe countries

thatuse Englishdaily.

= innerandoutercircle countries

1. group

2. time

3. isolation


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Source: Answers.com

sounddifferent.

Carribean English: He come wit me datday.

NewZealand English: Ihevapine in my hid.

Indian English: Ihate topay the tex.


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use differentvocabulary.

Indian English: My headispaining.

African English: Youare looking very fat.

Australian English: Ifheswithin cooee,wellfindhim.


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use different grammar.

Indian English: Iam understanding aboutit.

Carribean English: Where_dat bai?

British English: Imfine. Ineednt goto_hospital.


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World EnglishesThis is why we say

World Englishes.

Its not one English.

Its many different Englishes.


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Language and dialect

Languages:

English, German, Japanese, etc.

Dialects:

South Asian English, British English, South

African English, American English, etc.


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Source: Wikipedia.com

Which Englishiscorrect?

British English because itwasfirst?

American Englishbecause ithasthe most

native speakers?


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All!

No dialect is more correct than any

other.


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Whats the difference?

Source: http://www.olestig.dk/scotland/weinreich.html

Whatsthe difference between a

language andadialect?

A language isa dialect

withan army anda navy.

A language is exactly the same asa dialect

but biggerandstronger.

HA!


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Why is this important?

English is a world language and has been for

hundreds of years. Each isolated group, over time, develops its own

dialect.

All dialects are correct.


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One dialect is not better thananother.


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Why learn about World Englishes?

Non-native speakers

1. getinternational jobs and

2. speak to othernon-native speakers from

other countries.

(= expanding circle)

use English to


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English

is a tool.

can be used in yourhomecountry.

can be used in other non-native

English-speaking countries.


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Remember:

non-native

English speakers


native

English speakers 1: 3

It is highly likely

that most of your future contactin English

will be with other non-native speakers.


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World Englishes

A tool that you

can use for the

rest of your life!

Documents

Ext Ling World Englishes