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I have no commercial relationships to disclose.
May 22 , 2019 | GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN
Towards Capability in Aging – from cell to society
Everyday Smartphone Use by Older Adults in Germany
An Educational Research Perspective on Person-Technology
Interaction
Friedrich Wolf, Johannes Naumann, Frank Oswald
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Aim of the Presentation…
How, when and where do older adults interact with Smartphones in
their everyday lives?
2
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Smartphones, a subject for gerontology?
Some good arguments…
• In Germany almost the half (41%|2017) of the population over
the age of 65 owns a Smartphone (rising Trend)
• The Smartphone is a mobile everday gate to the Internet
• There is a vast variety of content and (useful) applications
(2.1 mio Apps in Google Play Store)
The Issue: We have a lack of knowledge how older adults use
their devices in their everyday lives
3
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Smartphone use is a complex person-environment interaction
4
What
applications
are used?
Motives and gratifications
Attitude
towards
device
social-spatial context
To describe the smartphone use of
older adults …
We need measurements for every
aspect of the smartphone-
snteraction to display the smart
phone use
Smartphone use has to be
monitored situational
Smartphone use differs between
persons and over time
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How to measure Smartphone Use?
5
Situational context and personal
attitudes and motives
‘Objective’ Measurement of actual
smartphone use
Socio-Demographic and Trait
variables
Three different approaches:
1. ambulatory assessment (7 Days | 3 mtp)
2. Log files protocol (7 Days | 24 h)
3. classic survey assessment
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Results I: Two Cases in comparison
6
How long and then Hans and Frieda use their Smartphones? Hans,
63, former
police officer.
Frieda, 62, former
state attorney.
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Results I: Two Cases in comparison
7
How long and then Hans and Frieda use their Smartphones? Hans,
63:
• 326 Interactions
Frieda, 62:
• 153 Interactions
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Results II: In depth description of Frieda Smartphone
interaction
8
06. August 2018 (Monday)
Weather: 30°C | Sunny
Smartphone Use (in Minutes over 7 days)
AM (SD) RANGE (min-max) Time (min) Time (max)
63.67 (40.15) 102.52 (28.05-130.57) 05:59:13 00:17:01
5,73
0,30 0,20
9,9311,00
3,67
1,65
3,45
12,10
3,15
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Total Smartphone Use (24 h: Min. per Hour)
Sum = 51.18 min
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5,73
0,30 0,20
9,9311,00
3,67
1,65
3,45
12,10
3,15
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Total Smartphone Use (24 h: Min. per Hour)
Results II: In depth description of Friedas Smartphone
interaction
9
06. August 2018 (Monday)
Weather: 30°C | Sunny
Smartphone Use (in Minutes over 7 days)
AM (SD) RANGE (min-max) Time (min) Time (max)
63.67 (40.15) 102.52 (28.05-130.57) 05:59:13 00:17:01
Sum = 51.18 min
00:08:46
00:16:58
00:01:4000:03:3900:02:40
00:23:56
10.42 h – 11.42 h
Whatsapp Disuse ebay
Youtube Gallery Disuse
Context (Ambulatory Assessment)
Social & Local: allone, at home
Activities: Wrote something, used the phone
Mood: 10 (10-Point Scale | Bad-Good)
Experience: Easy, useful, helpful
Intention: Goal-driven, Seeking for Information
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5,73
0,30 0,20
9,9311,00
3,67
1,65
3,45
12,10
3,15
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Total Smartphone Use (24 h: Min. per Hour)
Results II: In depth description of Friedas Smartphone
interaction
10
06. August 2018 (Monday)
Weather: 30°C | Sunny
Smartphone Use (in Minutes over 7 days)
AM (SD) RANGE (min-max) Time (min) Time (max)
63.67 (40.15) 102.52 (28.05-130.57) 05:59:13 00:17:01
Sum = 51.18 min
00:00:00
13.18 h – 14.18 h
Disuse
Context (Ambulatory Assessment)
Social & Local: alone, at home
Activities: Prepared food, rested slept
Mood: 8 (10-Point Scale | Bad-Good)
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5,73
0,30 0,20
9,9311,00
3,67
1,65
3,45
12,10
3,15
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Total Smartphone Use (24 h: Min. per Hour)
Results II: In depth description of Friedas Smartphone
interaction
11
06. August 2018 (Monday)
Weather: 30°C | Sunny
Smartphone Use (in Minutes over 7 days)
AM (SD) RANGE (min-max) Time (min) Time (max)
63.67 (40.15) 102.52 (28.05-130.57) 05:59:13 00:17:01
Sum = 51.18 min
00:14:34
00:06:05
00:06:01
00:34:16
17.03 h – 18.03 h
Disuse Whatsapp ebay Disuse
Context
Social & Local: With Husband, at home
Activities: Wrote something
Mood: 6 (10-Point Scale | Bad-Good)
Experience: Easy, useful, fun
Intention: Goal-driven, Seeking for Information
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Take Home Messages
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1. Smartphone use can not be understood without considering
personality states and traits + socio-spatial contexts
2. Smartphone use is a variable with between and within person
variance
3. An in-depth analysis of the smartphone use could extend our
knowledge of the everyday integration of this device
4. This analysis of smartphone use could be the basis for a more
participant-oriented training
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I have no commercial relationships to disclose.
May 22 , 2019 | GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN
Towards Capability in Aging – from cell to society
Everyday Smartphone Use by Older Adults in Germany
An Educational Research Perspective on Person-Technology
Interaction
Friedrich Wolf, Johannes Naumann, Frank Oswald
Thank you for your attention
[email protected]
