1

European Industrialization and

Imperialism

Mr. Millhouse

AP World History

Spring 2006

Western Europe 1750-1850Big Picture: Spread of First Industrial Revolution & Rise of Representative Government

1770 Beginning of Industrial Revolution Effects of Industrialization

1750 1800

1850

1775-1783 American Revolution

1789-1799 French Revolution

1799-1815 Reign of Napoleon

1810-1840 Rise of middle class suffrage in the West

1756-1763 Seven Years’ War

1757 Battle of Plassey

British imperialism in India

1815 British Annex Cape Town

Begins colonization of S. Africa

Revolutions of 1848;

Marx’s Communist

Manifesto

1803 Denmark abolishes slave trade

1870 Beginning of 2nd Industrial Revolution

1850 1875 1914

1864-1871 German Unification

1880s Bicycle becomes first consumer fad

Rise of mass leisure culture

1871-1912 High Point of European Imperialism

1860-1880 Political Reform Movements

Origin of welfare state & rise of socialism

Western Europe 1850-1914

1882 Triple Alliance created

1914 Start of WWI

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Origins of the Industrialization

• Agricultural improvements leads to

urbanization (population pressure)

• Favorable natural resources

• Growth of large manufacturing sector

(Commercial Revolution)

• Advantages in world trade (colonization)

• Government policies supporting economic

growth

Early Industrial Advances

• Factory system

• Technological Advances: telegraph,

steamboat, railroad

• Interchangeable parts

• Metallurgy advances: Bessemer steel

Negative Effects of

Industrialization

• Air and water pollution

• Decline in health conditions

• Urban overcrowding

• Rise of crime

• Public status of women declines

• Deplorable working conditions

• Child labor

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Global Impact of Napoleon

• Invasion of Egypt in 1798 leads to the rise of

Muhammad Ali

• Brings political and economic stability to France

• Sells Louisiana Purchase to U.S. in 1803

• Grants Haiti its independence in 1804

• Invasion of Spain and Portugal in 1808 facilitates

Latin American independence

• Invasion of Russia in 1812 facilitates state-

building in Germany and Italy

• Rise of nationalism throughout EuropeTimeline

Universal Male Suffrage

• Early 1800s property was a requirement to vote in U.S.

• Reform Bill of 1832 grants suffrage to middle class men in England

• By mid-1850s all white males could vote in U.S.

• Benjamin Disraeli grants working class suffrage in 1867

• 15th Amendment (1870) grants universal male suffrage in U.S.

Timeline

British Control of India

• 1661 1st British trade center at Bombay

• 1690 British establish center at Calcutta

• 1707 Start of imperial decline

• 1756-1763 Seven Years’ War

• 1757 Battle of Plassey

• 1786-1790 Cornwallis’s reforms in India

• 1857 Sepoy Rebellion

• 1858 British gov’t assumes control of IndiaTimeline

4

British Control of South Africa

• 1652 1st Dutch settlement at Cape Town

• 1815 British annex Cape Town

• 1830 Boers begin Great Trek

• 1867 Diamonds discovered at Orange

Free State

• 1879 Zulu defeat British at Isandhlwana

• 1899-1902 Boer Wars

Timeline

Abolition of Slavery

• Haitian Revolution 1789-1804

• French National Convention abolishes slavery in 1793

• Denmark abolishes slave trade 1803

• Britain abolishes slavery 1833; abolitionist William Wilberforce died 3 days later

• Emancipation Proclamation 1863

• 13th Amendment abolishes slavery 1865

• Brazil abolishes slavery in 1888Timeline

2nd Industrial Revolution

• U.S. & Germany lead 2nd Industrial

Revolution

• Thomas Edison formed Edison Electric

Light Company to build power plants in

1878

• Growing importance of oil

• Henry Ford perfects the assembly line

• New business structures: corporations,

trusts, and cartels

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2nd Industrial Revolution

• New technology: electric lights, radio,

automobile, telephone, medicine, science

• Continued problems: urbanization,

pollution, sanitation, work conditions, etc.

• Reform movements

• Demographic Transition accelerated

– Pasteurization of germs in 1862

– Widespread use of vaccines 1880s

– Better diets and living conditions

2nd Industrial Revolution

• New waves of immigration

• Global industrialization: Russia, Canada,

Mexico, and Japan

• 2nd wave of industrialization sparks

Western imperialism

Political Reform Movements

• Changes in Government Functions

– Civil service exams, regulatory laws (factory safety, sanitation, child labor laws, etc.), compulsory schooling

• Origin of the Welfare State

– Workers compensation, unemployment, sick leave, etc.

• The “Social Question”

– Social issues become focus of government, rise of women and working class in politics

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Political Reform Movements

• Rise of Socialism

– Socialism: Social and governmental system,

based on equality and social and economic

justice, requires government intervention in

economic affairs

– Communist Manifesto 1848

– Supports creation of labor unions and worker

strikes

– Socialist political parties 1868

Timeline

New Imperialism Timeline

• 1813-1907 “Great Game” between Russia

and Britain over Central Asia

• 1858 British government controls India

• 1882 British takeover Egypt

• 1884-1885 Berlin Conference

• 1894-1895 Sino-Japanese War

• 1898 Spanish American War; U.S.

annexes Hawaii

Timeline

New Imperialism

• Motives: 2nd Industrial Revolution

increases need for resources and markets,

Social Darwinism, “White Man’s Burden”,

manifest destiny

• Means: Machine gun, medicine, telegraph,

steamboat, railroad

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Mass Leisure Culture

• Widespread advertising creates consumer

fads (bicycle)

• Newspapers become popular

• Radio and motion pictures

• Organized sports: baseball, soccer,

boxing, horse racing

• Family vacations for the wealthy and

middle class

Timeline

Road to World War I

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

• Militarism

• Alliance system

– Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary,

Italy) formed 1882

– Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia)

formed 1907

Timeline