Ethics Part2

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Ethics Part 2

IE491

October 31, 2005


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Review of Ethics

Last week we looked briefly at

the origins of ethics

Theories of Ethics (Utilitarianism, DutyEthics, Rights Ethics, Virtue Ethics)

Engineering as a profession

Codes of ethics (IIE, NSPE, Order of anEngineer)

Ethics cases (e.g., space shuttles)


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This week

Show how to analyze problemsfrom an ethical viewpoint.


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Analyzing Ethical Problems

1st Step completely understand allissues involved and enumerate them.

Three categories of issues Factual what is actually known about a

case.

Conceptual the meaning or applicability

of an idea. Moral which moral principle is applicable

to the situation.


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Two analysis techniques

Line Drawing

Flow Charting


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Line Drawing

Useful for situations in which the applicable moralprinciples are clear, but there seems to be a greatdeal of gray area about which ethical principle

applies.Polar opposites are established. Positive paradigm (example, pattern).

Negative paradigm.

Moral problems are placed along line in accordance

with where each fall on a continuum.P is placed where you believe problem fits relativeto entries.


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Elementary line-drawing technique

Negative paradigm Positive paradigm

(NP) (PP)


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Example - Problem 1

Dispose of slightly hazardous waste into lake.

Water source for nearby town.

EPA limit 10 ppm.Average concentration of disposal 5 ppm

Expect no health problems.

Person not able to detect (taste) compound.


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Problem 1 hypothetical considerations

1. Dump 5 ppm waste in lake; harmless, but unusualtaste.

2. Towns water-treatment system can effectivelyremove waste.

3. Town can remove waste with company-purchasedequipment.

4. Town can remove waste with taxpayer-purchasedequipment.

5. Occasional (rare) illness, lasts for an hour.6. At 5 ppm people get fairly sick, lasts one week, nolong term effect.

7. Special equipment can reduce ppm to 1.


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Hypotheticals on line andproblem estimate

Negative paradigm Positive paradigm

(NP) (PP)

6 5 4 1 P 7 2,3


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Flow Charting

Helpful when there is a sequence ofevents or a series of consequences that

flows from each decision.Gives a visual picture and readily

allows one to see results of each

decision.


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Elementary flow chart

Operation

Decision


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Example - Problem 2

Should Union Carbide build a plant atBhophal? Investigate

Laws.

Safety standards.

Cost considerations.


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Union Carbide-Flow Chart


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Please read

Section 4.5: Conflict Problems 1st - Conflicting moral choices, but one is obviously

more significant than the other.

2ndCreative Middle Way, an attempt at acompromise that will work for everyone.

3rdWhen 1 and 2 dont work, bite the bullet,use your gut feelings and make best possible

choice from information available.Section 4.6: Bribery/Acceptance of Gifts Bribery never acceptable.


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Info source

Engineering Ethics, 2nd Edition, Charles B.

Fleddermann, Chapter 4, PearsonPrentice Hall, 2004.


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Ethical Problem Solving Techniques:

Addressing Airbus 330-300 CaseStudy

By:Joe Mathew

IE 491University at Buffalo

April 22, 2005


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Incident Summary

Airbus A330-300 departed Vancouver

Substantial amount of smoke and vaporseen emitting from Engine 2

Emergency landing in Vancouver

Engine 2 shut down

Inspection showed fuel was leaking


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Causal Factors1. Incorrect entry on maintenance office duty board

Did not follow trouble shooting manual (TSM)

Unnecessarily removed LP fuel line from fuel/oil heatexchanger

2. Unfamiliarity with Equipment

Retainer hidden from view

Did not use Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM)

3. Engine vibration caused detachment of fuel/oil heat

exchanger LP fuel line Substantial leak from Engine 2


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Line Drawing Causal Factor 1, 2

Negative Paradigm Positive Paradigm

Compliance with

TSM and AMM wasnot achieved.

Compliance with

TSM and AMM wasachieved.

Negative Paradigm: The workers do not follow the Trouble Shooting Manual and

the Aircraft Maintenance Manual resulting in troubleshooting and performingmaintenance without reference

Positive Paradigm: The workers followed the Trouble Shooting Manual and

Aircraft Maintenance Manual so that all troubleshooting and maintenance is

performed with proper reference and guidance.

P


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Flow Charting Causal Factor3

Preventive

fuel leak

inspection

needed on

aircraft

Proper

inspection with

use of elevated

platform?

High-Power

Engine Run

Performed?

Fuel Leak

Detection

Implemented?

Perform

High-Power Engine Run

Implement Fuel Leak

DetectionPerform

inspection with

use of elevated

platform

Preventive Fuel

Leak Inspection

Performed

YesYes Yes

NoNoNo


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Dharmy BhattIE 491: Ethics Presentation

April 22, 2005

Bells Amusement Park

Tulsa, Oklahoma


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Accident Summary

April 20, 1997 Two roller coaster cars collided onthe Wildcat roller coaster

The two cars were going up a hill and an anti-

rollback device failed to keep the first car on thetrack and it slipped back and crashed into the carbehind it.

The roller coaster was inspected two weeks beforethis accident.

One person was killed and five others were injured.


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Causal Factors

1. The chain dog was riding up on the edge ofthe chain trough. If the chain rides up the side of the car and onto

the left leg of the chain near the top of the hill,the chain can disengage and the car could slip.

2. Maintenance records/maintenance of theroller coaster. There was no documentation for scheduled or

nonscheduled maintenance of The Wildcat, or foroperating procedures.


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FlowchartThe chain dog Factor

The Wildcat can

operate.Has the chain dog been

changed?

No

Has someone inspected thechanges?

A maintenance worker

must inspect the

changes.

No

Yes

Is the chain log at the proper

height?

Fix the height of the

chain dog and

inspect again.

The Wildcat can operate

properly.

No

Yes

Yes


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Line Drawing-- MaintenanceNegative Paradigm Positive Paradigm

Documentation hinders

the performance of eachcar.

Proper documentation

exists and the roller

coaster is acceptable.

P

1. Every time The Wildcat breaks down, it is documented.

2. Operating procedure are followed for the most part.

3. Operators havent been trained at all.4. Changes made to the car dont need to be written down.

5. Proper part replacements should be followed.

123 54


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Ethics Problem Solving:Whiteshell Air Service Ltd.

Airplane Engine Failure

Theresa J Moehle

IE 491

April 22, 2005


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Accident Summary:

Airplane departed Lac du Bonnet,Manitoba without incident

After plane was leveled in air, largebackfire heard and loss of engine power

Pilot landed plane in swampy area with

minor and severe injuries to passengers


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Casual Factors

Incorrect installation of airplane parts

Cylinder push rod tube

Valve adjustment screw protrusion beyond limits

Caused damage to valve train exhaust valvewould not open overtime

Failure to properly inspect airplane

Field Barometric Power Reference Check Valve clearance checks on 400-hr schedule


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Line Drawing:Incorrect Installation ofParts

NP PP

Airplane parts areinstalled incorrectly

causing immediate,

fatal damage

Airplane partsare installed

correctly

1. Parts are installed incorrectly, but corrected immediately

2. Parts are installed incorrectly, and cause minor damage overtime

3. Parts are installed incorrectly, but cause no damage overtime

12 3P


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Flow Chart:Failure to Properly InspectPlane

Should plane be

inspected?

Have parts

been

replaced?

No

Yes

Inspect plane

before flying

Had last

Check within

400 hrs?

Yes

Inspect plane

before flying

Has pilot

noticed Irregular

Sounds?

Inspection

is not needed

Inspect plane

before flying

No No

Yes


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Assignment

Work in group tochoose problem and get my permission

before you start sources of info on original

class schedule and syllabus document.analyze problem using both techniques

shown today.present your analysis in class using PPT.

send me one copy of your electronic file viae-mail.Due November 28th.


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Groups 1 - 4

Group 1 Beh, Brewster, Frankenfield

Group 2 Geldard, Haseley, Henry,

HwangGroup 3 Jain, Kapoor, Keum

Group 4 Kingsley, Koperski, Lottes,

Mufalli


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Groups 5 - 8

Group 5 Muller, Munch, Oh

Group 6 Olsen, Oropeza, Pandit, Patel

Group 7 Pelchy, Saputra, Sriniva

Group 8 Swanson, Thornton, Ward,Zimmermann

Presentation order will be randomlydrawn and announced on Nov. 28th.


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The End

Questions??

Documents

Ethics Part2