Energy and the Cell

Figure 5.10_1

Fuel Energy conversion Waste products

Gasoline

Oxygen

Heatenergy

CombustionKinetic energyof movement

Energy conversion in a car

Carbon dioxide

Water

Figure 5.10_2

Oxygen

Glucose

Energy conversion in a cell

Energy for cellular work

Cellular respiration

ATP ATP

Heatenergy

Carbon dioxide

Water

Fuel Energy conversion Waste products

Figure 5.12A_s1

AdenineP P P

Phosphategroup

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Ribose

p. 82

Figure 5.12A_s2

ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate

P P P Energy

H2OHydrolysis

Ribose

AdenineP P P

Phosphategroup

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Figure 5.12B

ATP ATP ATP

ADP ADP ADPP P P

P

P

P

P P

P

Chemical work Mechanical work Transport work

Reactants

Motorprotein

Solute

Membrane protein

Product

Molecule formed Protein filament moved Solute transported

p. 82

other players

• NAD: NAD+ and NADH + H+

– like casino chips-eventually cash them for ‘real’ money: real money in cells = ATP

• NADPH: like NADH but in plants• FAD: similar to NAD

Figure 6.5A

Glucose Heat

C6H12O6 O2 CO2 H2O ATP6 6 6

Loss of hydrogen atoms(becomes oxidized)

Gain of hydrogen atoms(becomes reduced)

p. 91

C lost e- = oxidized & O gained e- = reduced

Xe- + Y → X+ Ye- + NRG

oxidation

reduction

X lost e- = oxidized & Y gained e- = reduced

transfer of e- from one atom to another is what yields free NRG

C lost e- = oxidized & O gained e- = reduced

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + NRG

oxidation

reduction

C lost e- = oxidized & O gained e- = reduced

transfer of H to O (making H2O) is what yields free NRG

NAD+ + 2H → NADH + H+ is now reduced

oxidation

H-C-OH + NAD+ C=O + NADH + H+

reduction

dehydrogenase

Figure 6.5C

Controlledrelease ofenergy forsynthesisof ATP

NADH

NAD

H

H O2

H2O

2

2

2

ATP

Electron transport chain

21