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EINFACH BESSER BUSINESS-ENGLISCH JULI–AUGUST 2017

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THE ART OF LEADERSHIP25 KEY LESSONS

FROM THE MASTERS

DEBATEShould child labour be banned?

BUSINESS SKILLSHow to manage risks at work

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document109461606058371367.indd 1 06.06.17 18:07

3 EDITORIAL

Illus

trat

ion:

Mic

hael

Mei

er; F

oto:

Ger

t Kra

utba

uer

4/2017 Business Spotlight

Back in March 2001, the very first issue of Business Spotlight asked a simple question on the cover: Is your busi-ness English good enough? And in my first editorial, I explained that Business Spotlight was “a new magazine for everyone who needs English at work”,

and I mentioned our special seven-page business English test. Introducing further sections on intercultural communication, careers and management, I also pointed out that “successful communication in business is about more than just language”.

Those statements remain as true today as ever. And I’m delighted to welcome back to the magazine Steve Flinders, the author of that very first business English test and a writer, trainer and coach who specializes in matters of leadership.

Together with Steve, we provide some surprising insights into leadership issues by focusing on lessons that can be learned from the arts: theatre, opera, cinema, literature, painting, poetry, photography and pop/rock music. The result is one of the most original articles to have appeared in Business Spotlight over the past 16 years.

Good leadership is essential for business success and, sadly, it is often lacking. So if you want to find out what Madonna, Shake-speare, Animal Farm, The Seven Samurai and Gandhi can teach you about leadership, turn to our Careers & Management article, starting on page 68. Your view of leadership may never be the same again.

IAN MCMASTER, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF i.mcmaster@ spotlight-verlag.de

Good sources of advice for today’s leaders:

(from left) Madonna, Shakespeare,

Maria Callas and Gandhi

EDITORIAL

Artful leadership!Modern-day leaders can find important lessons for their work from many sources — not least from the arts.

Foto

s: X

X

4  Business Spotlight 4/2017

The Big Picture 6 Scotland M The UK’s nuclear submarines

Working World 8 Names & News E M A

The latest from the world of business

Global Business14 Canada at 150 A Challenges and opportunities

Debate22 Head-to-Head A

Should child labour be banned?

Intercultural Communication24 Mexico A Young, dynamic — and traditional

Language Test30 Financial English

Series (1): Money Matters E M A Helpful terms for daily use

Viewpoint36 It’s Personal A

Elisabeth Ribbans on the treatment of dairy cows

Facts & Figures38 The World’s Largest Companies M

Big, bigger, biggest

Business Skills40 Managing Risk M

Dealing with danger46 Personal Trainer M

Ken Taylor provides answers to workplace questions

Technology64 Artificial Intelligence A

Do humans have a future?66 English 4.0 M

Digital skills for children

Cover story Careers & Management68 Leadership A

Learning from the masters76 How to... M

Start your own business77 Executive Eye M

Adrian Furnham on silo mentalities

Work & Relax78 In the Zone M

Alcohol at work80 Away from Your Desk M

Tips for your off-duty hours

And Finally...84 One Question M

Why do we prefer bad news to good news?

Regular sections 3 Editorial 37 Classified Ads 74 SprachenShop 82 Feedback / Jargon Buster 83 Preview / Impressum 68

Careers & Management

Learning from Madonna & Co.

CONTENTS 4/2017

Language section

48 Vocabulary A travel agency E

50 Grammar “There” and “it” M

51 Language Cards To pull out and practise

53 Translation Tricky translations M

54 Easy English Solving problems E

56 Writing Online job advertisements M

57 Talking Finance Tax cuts A

58 English for… Veterinary medicine M

60 Short Story PEAS M

62 English on the Move The job interview M

63 Key Words Vocabulary from this issue

Foto

s: X

X

5  4/2017 Business SpotlightCONTENTS

Tite

lIllu

stra

tion:

Mic

hael

Mei

er; F

otos

: iSto

ck (

2); M

aurit

ius;

Get

ty Im

ages

60

14

40

Global BusinessCanada welcomes the world

Short StoryShould robots

be taught to empathize with humans?

Business SkillsNo risk, no fun? Preparing for risky situations in business

READERS’ SERVICEEmail abo@spotlight-verlag.de Internet www.spotlight-verlag.deTelephone +49 (0)89/8 56 81-16Fax +49 (0)89/8 56 81-159

Learning with Business Spotlight

Approximately at CEF level A2

Approximately at CEF levels B1–B2

Approximately at CEF levels C1–C2

CEF: European Framework of Reference for Languages

ifml.: informal word or phrase vulg.: vulgar word or phrase; sl.: slang word or phrase non-stand.: non-standard word or phraseUK: chiefly British usage; US: chiefly North American usage

Business Spotlight plusPractise the language used in the magazine with our exercise booklet. Learn the vocabulary of risk management.

Business Spotlight AudioOur audio product offers more than 70 minutes of texts, dia-logues, exercises and interviews.

Business Spotlight in the classroomTo order this six-page supple-ment for teachers and trainers, send an email to: schulmedien@spotlight-verlag.de

For more articles, audio and exercises:www.business-spotlight.dewww.facebook.com/businessspotlight

Language in Business Spotlight➻  Articles use the style, spelling, punctuation and pronuncia-

tion of British English unless otherwise marked. ➻ Articles that use American style, spelling, punctuation and

pronunciation are marked with “US”.

➽

SKILL UP!Our vocabulary booklet pro-vides a wide range of terms and expressions. In this issue, learn the language of email.

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: Get

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Business Spotlight 4/2017

THE BIG PICTURESCOTLAND

Under the seaMEDIUM

This photo, taken at Her Majesty’s Na-val Base Clyde, Scotland, shows Royal Navy staff dealing with a fire in the con-trol room of a Vanguard-class submarine ship simulator. The British navy has four nuclear-powered submarines carrying Trident nuclear missiles — the HMS Van-guard, Vigilant, Victorious and Vengeance.

Submarines are often considered cramped. But the Vanguard, which was the first in its class to carry out a Trident mis-sile test, in 1994, is nearly 150 metres long. That makes it and its sister ships almost the same length as St Paul’s Cathedral in London, according to the Royal Navy.

Nine ships were named Vanguard be-fore the first submarine was launched in 1992 — among them, a 31-gun galleon that took part in the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. Another Vanguard was Lord Nelson’s flagship in the Battle of the Nile in 1798.

Britain’s entire nuclear arsenal is con-tained on the four Vanguard-class sub-marines, which are based at the naval installation 40 kilometres from Glasgow. The Vanguard vessels will be replaced over the next decade at a cost of £31 bil-lion (€37 billion). The new class of vessels is to be named after HMS Dreadnought, a battleship launched in 1906 that sank a German U-boat in March 1915.

Battle of the Nile [)bÄt&l Ev DE (naI&l]

, Seeschlacht bei Abukir

cramped [krÄmpt]

, beengt

dreadnought [(drednO:t]

, (bestimmter Typ von) Schlachtschiff (dreadnought , furchtlos; Fürchtenichts)

galleon [(gÄliEn]

, Galeone

launch (a ship) [lO:ntS]

, (ein Schiff) vom Stapel lassen

naval base [(neIv&l beIs]

, Marinestützpunkt

nuclear missile [)nju:kliE (mIsaI&l]

, Atomrakete

submarine [(sVbmEri:n]

, U-Boot

vanguard [(vÄngA:d]

, Vorhut

vessel [(ves&l]

, Schiff, Seefahrzeug

6 

4/2017 Business Spotlight

Under control: smoke but no fire in a submarine simulator

7 

8  Business Spotlight 4/2017

WORKING WORLDNAMES & NEWS

In 2014, a Ming dynasty porcelain cup was sold by Sotheby’s auction house for the record price of $36.3 million. It was made in the late 15th century in Jingdezhen, a city in southern China, where a new generation is rebuilding a traditional industry.

Jingdezhen porcelain was exported all over the world for centuries, until 20th-century wars and political upheavals ended the region’s dominance. In the past decade, however, young artisans have begun returning to the city, many from China, but also from other parts of the world.

“A lot of people with dreams come here,” says Fang Xin. “There is a variety of teachers, and they teach all kinds of skills and ideas,” the 27-year-old told The New York Times.

Among the teachers is Po-Wen Liu, original-ly from Taiwan and more recently an instruc-tor at the University of North Carolina. Liu has been teaching at the Pottery Workshop, an ed-ucation centre opened in Jingdezhen in 2005, since 2015.

The Pottery Workshop normally has about eight artists in residence, most of them from outside China, who remain there for up to six months.

“Since I was a student, I wanted to come to Jingdezhen,” Liu explains. “It’s the mecca.”

Of his own students, Liu says that they are technically very skilled. “But their conceptual skills need improvement. There’s too much historical burden. They need to break out of the boundaries.”

The City of London: centre of finance

CHINA

Returning to the roots MEDIUM

artisan [)A:tI(zÄn]

, (Kunst-) Handwerker(in)

artist in residence [)A:tIst In (rezIdEns]

, Künstler(in), der/die im Rahmen eines Förderungs- programms vor Ort arbeitet und wohnt

break out of the boundaries [breIk )aUt Ev DE (baUndEriz]

, Grenzen überwinden; hier: Neues wagen

burden [(b§:d&n]

, Last

decade [(dekeId]

, Jahrzehnt

instructor [In(strVktE]

, Dozent(in)

porcelain [(pO:s&lIn]

, Porzellan

pottery [(pQtEri]

, Töpferei

upheaval [Vp(hi:v&l]

, Umwälzung(en)

WORKING WORLD

Legendary: a skilled artisan

at work in Jingdezhen, China

Foto

s: R

edux

/laif;

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(3)

9 4/2017 Business Spotlight

He went to New York as a defector from the Soviet Union in 1974. Now, a multimillion-dollar arts centre is named after him.

He is Mikhail Baryshnikov, probably the world’s most famous dancer. The 69-year-old, who was born in Latvia, is also known as a chore-ographer and actor. (He played Carrie Bradshaw’s lover in Sex and the City.)

Baryshnikov spoke very little English when he first arrived in New York. After rehearsals, he tried to learn about popular culture. “We worked day and night, and I watched late-night TV, trying to learn English from Johnny Carson,” he told the Financial Times.

Baryshnikov’s most recent project is a theatre piece in which he reads the poetry of his friend Joseph Brodsky (1940–96). He has also appeared in a stage production called Letter to a Man, about dancer Vaslav Nijinsky.

Not surprisingly, considering his past expe-rience, Baryshnikov is keeping a watchful eye on politics. “I was born during Stalin’s time, I ran away from Brezhnev, and I finish up under Trump — it’s not fair. It’s not fucking fair,” he says. “But I don’t want to talk about it. I’m trying to live my own life.”

PROFILE

Dancer with a dreamEASY AUDIO PLUS

I am not in the business

of reading tea leaves.

I don’t have a

crystal ball defector [di(fektE]

, Überläufer(in), Abtrünnige(r)

it’s not fucking fair [Its )nQt )fVkIN (feE] vugl. , das ist sauungerecht

Latvia [(lÄtviE]

, Lettland

rehearsal [ri(h§:s&l]

, Probe

International Monetary Fund president Christine Lagarde, 61

business: be in the ~ of sth. [(bIznEs] , auf dem Gebiet von etw. tätig sein

crystal ball [)krIst&l (bO:l] , Kristallkugel

International Monetary Fund [IntE)nÄS&nEl (mVnItEri fVnd]

, Internationaler Währungsfonds

read (the) tea leaves [)ri:d (DE) (ti: li:vz]

, aus dem Kaffeesatz lesen

WORKING WORLD

We all have to go sometime, of course. But just because death is unavoidable, that doesn’t mean that everyone has to be buried in the same way. More and more Americans are choosing “green” burials.

Instead of injecting their clients with formaldehyde and placing them in metal coffins, funeral directors are providing coffins made of seaweed and turning wooded areas into burial grounds. Ac-cording to the Funeral and Memorial In-formation Council, in 2015, 64 percent of Americans said they would be open to a green burial, up from 43 percent in 2010.

Cremation is often considered more environmentally friendly than burial, but

burial ground [(beriEl graUnd] , Begräbnisstätte

carbon footprint [)kA:rbEn (fUtprInt*]

, CO2-Bilanz (footprint , Fußabdruck)

coffin [(kO:f&n*] , Sarg

council [(kaUns&l]

, Rat: hier: Organisation

cremation [kri(meIS&n*]

, Einäscherung

executive director [Ig)zekjEtIv dE(rekt&r*]

, geschäftsführende(r) Direktor(in)

fossil fuel [)fA:s&l (fju:El*]

, fossiler Brennstoff

funeral director [(fju:n&rEl dE(rekt&r*] , Bestat-tungsunternehmer(in)

look into sth. [)lUk (Intu]

, etw. untersuchen

memorial [mE(mO:riEl]

, Gedenkstätte

mercury [(m§:kjEri*]

, Quecksilber

release sth. [ri(li:s]

, etw. freisetzen* This symbol marks

standard US pronunciation.

UNITED STATES

Back to natureADVANCED US AUDIO

it requires fossil fuels, and the burning process releases chemicals like mercury and carbon monoxide into the air. “A lot of people talk about their carbon footprint on the environment,” says Kate Kalan-ick, executive director of the Green Bur-ial Council. “But many don’t understand how heavy that last footprint can be,” Kalanick told Bloomberg news service.

Robert Prout, a member of the Nation-al Funeral Directors Association’s “Green Committee,” has also seen attitudes change: “Since we first looked into green burials back in 2005, I’ve found that a lot of families that had chosen cremation look at natural burials more favorably.”

Mikhail Baryshnikov: famous dancer and supporter of the arts

All natural: a selection of green coffins

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; iSt

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10 

Good ideasDie beiden Ideen, die wir hier vorstellen, haben eins gemeinsam:

Sie sollen unser Leben verbessern oder zumindest leichter machen.

Full marks to... … the Cuban public healthcare system

for its free and universal primary care. Healthcare is seen as a fundamental human right, guaranteed by the Cuban constitution, and is provided via a network of about 500 community-based polyclinics. Each poly-clinic works closely with up to 40 neighbour-hood clinics. These family doctor-and-nurse clinics are easily recognizable — two-storey whitewashed buildings with the clinic num-ber on the front. The nurse and doctor usu-ally live on the first floor with their families.

Established in 1984, Cuba’s system focus-es on disease prevention, with compulsory annual check-ups. The results are impressive. The infant mortality rate, at 4.2 per 1,000 births, is one of the lowest in the world. The average life expectancy of 78 years is similar to that of most first-world countries. Cuba also has one of the lowest patient-to-doctor ratios in the world, 170:1; in the US, that fig-ure stands at 390:1.

Medical education in Cuba is free and all doctors must work for two years in primary care before they can specialize. The average wage of a Cuban doctor is only €50 a month. Because of the US trade embargo, hospitals are outdated and drugs are often unavaila-ble. Even so, Cuba sends more medical staff on international missions abroad than any other country.

Full marks to…… Sky’s Women in

Leadership programmefor attempting to achieve a 50/50 gender balance among the firm’s 400 senior man- agers. The London-based television compa-ny, which has a total staff of 30,000, launched the initiative in 2014.

According to communications director Anna Cook, who oversees the programme, Women in Leadership is not just an HR initiative. Cook told the Financial Times that attracting and retaining women is seen as essential to the company’s business model.

Under the programme, shortlists for job interviews must be 50 per cent female. This policy resulted in women being hired for 69 per cent of jobs in 2016. Recruiters have also been made aware of the policy and have been instructed to look for candidates with potential rather than simply with experi-ence, the Financial Times reports.

Although a completely equal balance has not yet been achieved, the programme is showing results. Since 2014, the percentage of women in the top 400 positions has gone from 31 per cent to 40 per cent.

Cook says the programme is helping male managers to recognize and encourage female talent. She adds that the initiative has also changed the company culture. “People talk about [diversity] now,” she explains.

Full marks to... [)fUl (mA:ks tu]

, Die Bestnote erhält ...

annual [(ÄnjuEl]

, jährlich

compulsory [kEm(pVlsEri]

, obligatorisch

constitution [)kQnstI(tju:S&n] , Verfassung

drug [drVg]

, hier: Medikament

healthcare system [(helTkeE )sIstEm]

, Gesundheitssystem

infant mortality [)InfEnt mO:(tÄlEti]

, Kindersterblichkeit

network [(netw§:k]

, hier: Verbund

outdated [)aUt(deItId]

, veraltet

primary care [)praImEri (keE]

, Grund-, Basisver-sorgung

ratio [(reISiEU]

, Verhältnis

two-storey [)tu: (stO:ri]

, zweistöckig

whitewashed [(waItwQSt]

, weiß getüncht

Full marks to... [)fUl (mA:ks tu]

, Die Bestnote erhält ...

achieve sth. [E(tSi:v]

, etw. erzielen

based: ...-~ [beIst] , mit Sitz in ...

diversity [daI(v§:sEti]

, Vielfalt

gender balance [(dZendE )bÄlEns]

, Geschlechterparität

HR (human resources) [)eItS (A:]

, Personal(abteilung)

launch sth. [lO:ntS]

, etw. starten

oversee sth. [)EUvE(si:]

, etw. überwachen

recruiter [ri(kru:te]

, Personalver- mittler(in)

retain sb. [ri(teIn]

, jmdn. halten

senior manager [)si:niE (mÄnIdZE]

, höhere Führungs- kraft

shortlist [(SO:tlIst]

, Auswahlliste

WORKING WORLDBusiness Spotlight 4/2017

Selbsttest in nur 15 Minuten Gratis in 6 Sprachen Einstufung nach Europa-StandardIn Kooperation mit telc GmbH Jetzt untersprachtest.de/dein-businessenglisch

Let’s go!

Kostenloser

Sprachtest.

SPRACHTEST.DE

160318_Kampagne-Mai-RZ_210x280_70x280.indd 4 23.03.16 17:09

WORKING WORLD

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WORD WATCHER

slashiesMillions of people work part-time, many of them with two or more jobs. These people are sometimes called “slashies” — for example, taxi driver/actor or teacher/barista. The term comes from the slash used in writing to separate the two jobs. “Slashies are at risk of burnout because of the stress of their jobs.”

Chinese wallIn business English, a “Chi-nese wall” is an artificial bar-rier between two parts of an organization that are not meant to communicate with each other. The Chinese wall is intended to prevent con-flicts of interest. “In the past, newspapers had a Chinese wall between the editorial and advertising departments. Advertorials have made a hole in the wall.”

advertorial [)ÄdvE(tO:riEl]

, redaktionelle Anzeige

department [di(pA:tmEnt] , Abteilung

editorial [edI(tO:riEl] , Redaktions-

slash [slÄS] , Schrägstrich

If you had pictures of everything I’d done in

high school, I probably wouldn’t

have been president of the United

States

Former US president Barack Obama, 55

COMPARISON

The extra amount the average British man would earn per week if his unpaid work in the home were paid

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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£259.63 £166.63Source: UK Office for National Statistics (visual.ons.gov.uk)

The extra amount the average British woman would earn per week if her unpaid work in the home were paid

EASY