EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDE ALTERNATIVES FOR MANAGING … · Bion Standard Agrifos-600 Microthiol Tricop Ecocarb Synertrol-Horti-Oil Cal-Agri-50NF StandSKH Water Timorex Trilogy Peratec

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation

Elio JovicichChrys Akem Gerry MacManus

Downy mildew Powdery mildew Anthracnose

EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDE ALTERNATIVESFOR MANAGING POWDERY AND DOWNY MILDEWS ON

CUCURBITS

EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDE ALTERNATIVESFOR MANAGING POWDERY AND DOWNY MILDEWS ON

CUCURBITS

Agri-Science Queensland, DEEDI, Ayr, Queensland, Australia

2© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010

Downy mildewPseudoperonospora cubensis

Dry Tropics

AnthracnoseColletotrichum orbiculare

Zucchini and cucumber production issues that affect disease spread and control

Powdery mildewPodosphaera xanthii

• Growers mainly use of systemic and contact fungicides• Crops established with sequential plantings• Proximity between crops; different growth stages• Infected crops sometimes abandoned• Carryover inoculum exposed to multiple sprays of the same active ingredient• Overuse of systemic fungicides favour the survival and proliferation of resistant

pathogen strains• Frequent harvests• Disease control sometimes ineffective


Active constituent FormulationTrade name of tested product

Manufacturer or distributor in Australia

Rate per ha used(Volume 1000 L/ha

90-100 psi)

Micronised sulfur 800 g/kg Microthiol Disperss® Nufarm 11.2 kg

Copper octanoate 18 g/L Tricop® Colin Campbell (Chemicals) Pty Ltd 10 L

Potassium bicarbonate Ecocarb® Organic Crop Protectants Pty Ltd 4 kg

Phosphorus acid 600 g/L AgriFos-600® Agrichem Mfg. Co. 3 L

Hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid 250g/L + 50g/L Peratec® Jaegar Australia Pty Ltd 10 L

NPK + S + Si + CaNPK 1.7-0-5 + 4.1% S + 11% Si + 7% Ca

Enhance KCS® Agrichem Mfg. Co. 6 L

NPK + Si + humic acidNPK 0-0-15 + 20% Silica + 1% humic acid

Stand SKH® Agrichem Mfg. Co. 3 L

Neem oil Trilogy® Certis (USA) 10 L

Canola oil 850g/L Synertrol-Horti-Oil Organic Crop Protectants Pty Ltd 5 L

Green tee/tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil 23.8 % (w/w) oil Timorex Gold® Biomor Israel Ltd [distrib. by Colin

Campbell (Chemicals) Pty Ltd]8 L

Acibenzolar-s-methyl 500 g/L org/kg

Bion® orActigard® Syngenta Crop Protection Pty Ltd 0.07 kg

Chitosan (trace elements + fish proteins)

30.7% (w/v) total solids Aminogro® Organic Crop Protectants Pty Ltd 10 L

Cow’s milk powder Milk food grade, commercial brands 15 kg

Propylene glycol alginate (hydrated) 28% (w/v) Cal-Agri-50NF Cal-Agri Products 4 L

Selected products alternative to conventional fungicides and spray rates used in zucchini and cucumber field trials in Ayr and Bowen


Effectiveness in reducing one or more foliar diseases in selected products alternative to conventional fungicides. Information in product label or reports

Active constituentTrade name of tested product

Claimed control of foliar disease in cucurbits

Powderymildew

Downymildew Anthracnose

Micronised sulphur Microthiol Disperss ●Copper octanoate Tricop ● ● ●Potassium bicarbonate Ecocarb ● ● ●Phosphorus acid AgriFos-600 ●Hydrogen dioxide Peratec ● ● ●Soluble silicon Enhance KCS ●Soluble silicon Stand SKH ●Neem oil Trilogy ● ● ●Canola oil Synertrol-Horti-Oil ● ●Green tee oil Timorex Gold ● ●Acibenzolar-s-methyl Bion ● ●Chitosan Aminogro ● ●Cow’s milk (powder) Milk ●Propylene glycol alginate Cal-Agri-50NF ●


Selected conventional spray program as control: main constituent ingredients and commercial products used

Week Active ingredient FormulationCommercial product tested Distributor in AU

Spray rate per ha

1 & 2 Dimethomorph + Mancozeb

500 g/L + 750 g/kg

Acrobat SC® + Mancozeb

BASF Australia Ltd Farmoz Pty Ltd

360 mL+1.6 kg

3 Mancozeb 750 g/kg Mancozeb 750® Farmoz Pty Ltd 1.6 kg4 Bupirimate 250 g/L Nimrod® Farmoz Pty Ltd 600 mL5 Mancozeb 750 g/kg Mancozeb 750® Farmoz Pty Ltd 1.6 kg6 Chlorotalonil 720 g/L Bravo® Syngenta Crop

Protection Pty Ltd2.5 L

5 Mancozeb 750 g/kg Mancozeb 750® Farmoz Pty Ltd 1.6 kg



0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Mic

roth

iol

Stan

dard

Bion

Tric

op

Trilo

gy

Milk

Tim

orex

Cal

-Agr

i-50N

F

Syne

rtrol

-Hor

ti-O

il

Agrif

os-6

00

Ecoc

arb

Stan

dSKH

Enha

nceK

CS

Amin

ogro

Pera

tec

Wat

er

No_

spra

y

Pow

dery

mild

ew s

ever

ity (A

UD

PC)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Frui

t yie

ld (t

/ha)

Powdery mildew severity (petioles)Yield

Efficacy of spray products on powdery mildew and total fruit yield (12 harvests in a 4-week period) in “Congo” zucchini planted in Bowen in 6 July 2009

a

bb

bcbccc

cddddd

dedede

f

g

AA

AA

AB ABAB AB

ABAB BC

CD BCDBC

BCDDE

AB

٭


Efficacy of spray products on powdery mildew in “Congo” zucchini planted in Ayr in 4 June 2009.Single disease severity rating, top and low canopy leaves, at the end of the crop (12 Aug.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mic

roth

iol

Tric

op Milk

Stan

dSKH

Stan

dard

Enha

nceK

CS

Cal

-Agr

i-50N

F

Trilo

gy

Bion

Wat

er

Tim

orex

Amin

ogro

Syne

rtrol

-Hor

ti-O

il

Ecoc

arb

Agrif

os-6

00

No_

spra

y

Pera

tec

Pow

dery

mild

ew s

ever

ity (%

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Top canopy (petioles)Low canopy (petioles)

aa

bbb

bbcc

ddddd

ee

f

g

(mean separation test)

Pow

dery

mild

ew s

ever

ity (%

)

٭ ٭٭٭


Efficacy of spray products on downy mildew severity, powdery mildew, and total fruit yield (16 harvests in a 5-week period) in “Congo” zucchiniplanted in Ayr in 4 June 2009.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Bion

Stan

dard

Agrif

os-6

00

Mic

roth

iol

Tric

op

Ecoc

arb

Syne

rtrol

-Hor

ti-O

il

Cal

-Agr

i-50N

F

Stan

dSKH

Wat

er

Tim

orex

Trilo

gy

Pera

tec

No_

spra

y

Enha

nceK

CS

Amin

ogro

Milk

Dow

ny m

ildew

sev

erity

(AU

DPC

) and

Pow

dery

Mild

ew c

over

age

(%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Frui

t yie

ld (t

/ha)

AAAB

ABAB ABAB AB

AB AB ABABBCBC

CDD

aaaaaaaaaaaab

bbcccdd

Downy mildew (low canopy leaves)Powdery mildew (low canopy petioles)Fruit yield

٭٭ ٭ ٭

٭٭


Efficacy of spray products on downy mildew and total fruit yield (9 harvests in a 4-week period) in “Crystal Salad” cucumber planted in Ayr in 29 June 2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60St

anda

rd

Bion

Mic

roth

iol

Tric

op

Trilo

gy

Agrif

os-6

00 Milk

Syne

rtrol

-Hor

ti-O

il

Tim

orex

Enha

nceK

CS

Pera

tec

Cal

-Agr

i-50N

F

Amin

ogro

Stan

dSKH

Ecoc

arb

No_

spra

y

Dow

ny m

ildew

sev

erity

(AU

DP

C)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Frui

t yie

ld (t

/ha)

Downy mildew severityYield

A A

B BBBC

BC

C CCD CD

CDCDCDD

E

aaabababcbcbccdcdcd

dedede

f

fg

g

٭ ٭


Efficacy of spray products on anthracnose severity and total fruit yield(12 harvests in a 5-week period) in “Gremlin” cucumber planted in Ayr in 5 August 2009.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Stan

dard

Bion

Tric

op

Mic

roth

iol

Milk

Trilo

gy

Syne

rtrol

-Hor

ti-O

il

Pera

tec

Tim

orex

No_

spra

y

Anth

racn

ose

seve

rity

(AU

DPC

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Frui

t yie

ld (t

/ha)

Anthracnose severity

Fruit yielda

abababbb

cc

c

c

A

ABAB AB AB

BB BB

C

٭٭


Relative effectiveness of spray products for controlling foliar diseases in cucumber and zucchini in North Qld. in 2009Weekly sprays with the same product during the crop season

Cucumber ZucchiniDowny mildew Anthracnose Downy mildew Powdery mildew

Bion ●●● Ph/Yr ●●● Ph/Yr ●●● ●●Microthiol ●●● Yr ●●● Yr ●●● ●●●Tricop ●● ●●● ●● ●●●Trilogy ●● Ph ●● ● ●●AgriFos 600 ●● not tested ●●● ●●milk ●● ●● ● ●●Synertrol Horti Oil ●● ● ● ●●Timorex ● ● ● ●●Enhance KCS ● not tested ● ●●Stand SKH ● not tested ● ●●Peratec ● ● ● ●CalAgri 50NF ● not tested ● Ph ●● PhEcocarb ● not tested ● ●●

Relative disease suppression to conventional fungicides and no spray controls.Weekly sprays at runoff volumes

●●● Good to medium ●● Medium to low ● Low to none Ph/Yr Phytotoxicity / Yield reduction


• Tricop, Microthiol, Bion and AgriFos 600 provided acceptable downy mildew control; however Microthiol and Bion caused phytotoxicity in cucumbers.

• Tricop, Microthiol, Stand SHK, milk, Timorex, Synertrol Horti Oil, Agri-Fos 600, Ecocarb and Aminogro provided acceptable control of powdery mildew.

• Although some of these alternative products used alone in a weekly spray program were not as effective as conventional fungicides for suppressing the target foliar diseases, they provided a degree of control that should make them good components in an integrated disease management program that includes cultivars with disease resistance and a reduced number of systemic fungicide applications.

Alternative spray products for controlling foliar diseases in cucumber and zucchini


Acknowledgments

Seed companiesClauseLefroy Valley Terranova SyngentaSeminisSPS

Plant Pathology teamChrys Akem Elio JovicichGerry Mac ManusKerry-lee Stockdale Dalvinder Lakhesar Paula Boccalatte

Chemical companiesColin Campbell (Chemicals) Pty LtdOrganic Crop Protectants Pty Ltd.Agrichem Mfg. Co.Jaegar Australia Pty LtdNufarmSyngenta Crop Protection Pty Cal Agri, Products LLCBayer Australia Ltd

Agri-Science Queensland,Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation

Horticulture Australia Limited

Project VG07127Integrated Management of Foliar Diseases in Vegetable Crops

Documents

EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDE ALTERNATIVES FOR MANAGING … · Bion Standard Agrifos-600 Microthiol Tricop Ecocarb Synertrol-Horti-Oil Cal-Agri-50NF StandSKH Water Timorex Trilogy Peratec