Edip Guide FINAL v11 June 15 (Exams Dec15 Onwards)162015211114

September 2010

Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management

© NEBOSH 2014 EDip v11 150515

Qualification title: NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management Version: 11 Specification date: September 2010 Guide publication date: June 2015 The National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health (NEBOSH), Dominus Way, Meridian Business Park, Leicester LE19 1QW. Registered Charity Number: 1010444 Telephone: +44 (0) 116 263 4700 Fax: +44 (0) 116 282 4000 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nebosh.org.uk © NEBOSH All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, mechanical, photocopied or otherwise, without the express permission in writing from NEBOSH.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.nebosh.org.uk/

© NEBOSH 2015

Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management (September 2010 specification) Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Benefits for employers 1 1.2 Designatory letters 2 1.3 Professional membership 2 1.4 Qualification level and UK accreditation 3 1.5 Key topics covered 3 1.6 Course tuition and private study time requirements 3 1.7 Entry requirements 4 1.8 Minimum standard of English required for candidates 4 1.9 Legislation 4 1.10 Legislative updates 4 1.11 National Occupational Standards (NOS) and best practice 5 1.12 Qualification type 5 1.13 Qualification progression 5 1.14 Programmes offered by NEBOSH-accredited course providers 5 1.15 Examination dates 5 1.16 Specification date 6 1.17 Syllabus development and review 6 1.18 Further information for candidates 6 1.19 Further information for accredited course providers 6

2. Qualification structure

2.1 Unit assessment 7 2.2 Achieving the overall qualification 7 2.3 Unit pass standard 7 2.4 Unit certificates 8 2.5 Qualification grade 8 2.6 Qualification parchments 8 2.8 Re-sitting unit/s 9

3. Policies

3.1 Requests for access arrangements/reasonable adjustments 10 3.2 Requests for special consideration 10 3.3 Enquiries about results and appeals 10 3.4 Malpractice 11

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4. Syllabus - NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management (September 2010 specification) 12

4.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk

Element 1: Principles of environmental risk management 14 Element 2: Environmental risk evaluation 17 Element 3: Control strategies for environmental risk 18 Element 4: Monitoring, review and audit 20 Element 5: Developments in environmental legislation 21 Element 6: Environmental legislative framework and methods of enforcement 22 Element 7: Public access to environmental information 24 Element 8: Civil liability in relation to environmental pollution 25 Element 9: Solid and liquid wastes 26 Element 10: Gaseous and particulate releases to atmosphere 28 Element 11: Water resources management 30 Element 12: Control of environmental nuisance 32 Element 13: Hazardous substances 33 Element 14: Environmental implications of development and land use 34 Element 15: Energy use and efficiency 36 Tutor References 37

4.2 Unit ED2: Application of environmental risk theory and practice

4.2.1 Purpose and aim 47 4.2.2 Marking 47 4.2.3 Assessment location 48 4.2.4 Submission of completed work 48 4.2.5 Further information 48

5. Sample question paper

5.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk 49

The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management (September 2010 specification)

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1. Introduction

The NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is designed for individuals with responsibilities for the management of environmental risk in relation to the damage caused by work activities. It will be invaluable for managers taking on environmental responsibilities and those aiming to develop and implement effective environmental management systems within their organisations. Since its launch in 1992, nearly 2900 candidates have achieved the Environmental Diploma. It is designed to provide the specialist knowledge and understanding combined with the application of the expertise that underpins competent performance within environmental management. It also provides a sound basis for progression to further study to MSc level. The syllabus and means of assessment described in this Guide were introduced in 1992, revised in 2001, 2003 and 2008 and updated in 2010 to take account of current developments in environmental management.

1.1 Benefits for employers The importance of the effect of business activities on the environment has long been acknowledged. Until relatively recently, business activities were generally thought to be in conflict with environmental constraints, but many companies, irrespective of size or type of business, now recognise that a more efficient use of resources can bring substantial cost savings (eg, raw materials, waste disposal, energy and transport). A 2003 report “Benefits of Greener Business” (Cambridge Econometrics and AEA Technology) estimated £2-3 billion could be saved in annual operating costs by UK companies investing in best practice techniques for waste minimisation (around 1-2% of total UK manufacturing value and 5-7% of sector profits in 2000). Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) research in 2005 indicated an additional £1.8 billion could be saved by business through energy efficiency. Data compiled by Envirowise in 2005, found UK companies could cut water consumption by 30% by adopting some simple and inexpensive efficiency measures. By reducing the environmental impact of their activities companies can potentially give themselves a significant edge over their competitors. Many consumers are prepared to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products: A 2006 Co-Operative Bank survey of ‘eco-friendly’ spending in the UK, showed a record spending level of £29.4bn, overtaking the £28bn spent annually on alcohol and cigarettes. The Scottish Government’s Scottish Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours Survey 2008 (SEABS’08) found that despite the backdrop of economic uncertainty, 57% of the 3,000 people surveyed saw climate change as an immediate concern and 48% believed that everyday behaviour and lifestyle contributes to climate change. The survey also noted evidence of changes in attitudes being reflected in behaviour, eg, 84% making use of kerbside paper recycling facilities, 63% using energy-saving light bulbs and around 45% buying Fair Trade products regularly. In recent years there has been progressive development and implementation of environmental legislation applicable throughout EU member states. For example, The SEABS’08 survey noted that: “In past few years, the environment has re-emerged as a key issue on the Scottish political agenda, with the focus of debate on climate change.”


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In December 2008, the Scottish Government published the Climate Change (Scotland) Bill, which included a statutory target to reduce emissions by 80% by 2050. The overall UK target is a 60% cut by 2050. Planning ahead to take account of new environmental standards and legislation can minimise the costs of modifying or replacing equipment and updating working practices. Increasingly, business partners prefer to deal with environmentally responsible companies. Banks, insurers and other sources of finance may avoid businesses that do not take environmental matters seriously and expose themselves to unnecessary environmental risk. Those that are considered environmentally aware may benefit from better access to capital and lower insurance premiums. The business impact of environmental incidents is also compelling: in addition to the direct cost of sick pay and absence, employers can find themselves dealing with criminal prosecution, claims for compensation, adverse publicity and harm to both business reputation and profitability. Failure to act in an environmentally responsible manner can bring businesses into conflict with the local community, pressure groups and other employers. A 2004 DEFRA survey of the environmental sector found the UK employs over 400,000 people (over double the numbers in 2002) in 17,000 companies (up 7,000 over the same period) and has an annual turnover of £25 billion (from £16 billion in 2002). These figures are even larger when considering the 500,000 volunteer workers in environmental and land-based organisations and the 1 million employees working for the food chain and rural sectors, which use about 80 per cent of the UK’s total landmass. Driven by tighter environmental regulation, increased development and scarce natural resources, the UK market for environmental industries is likely to grow to £34 billion in 2010 and on to £46 billion by 2015. The global market in environmental goods and services is expected to rise from £278 billion to £410 billion by 2015. The International Energy Agency predicts that £8 trillion of investment in new energy sources will be required over the next 15 years (Statistics: Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management - CIWEM).

1.2 Designatory letters

Holders of the NEBOSH National Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety may use the designatory letters ‘EnvDipNEBOSH’ after their name.

1.3 Professional membership

The NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is accepted as meeting the qualification requirements for non-chartered Member (MCIWEM) of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM - www.ciwem.org), for holders achieving the overall qualification from 1 February 2009 onwards. Progression to chartered membership (MCIWEM C.WEM) is a further opportunity. It is also accepted by the International Institute of Risk and Safety Management (IIRSM - www.iirsm.org) as meeting the academic requirements for Specialist membership (SIIRSM). In addition, diplomates will have the opportunity to attend the annual NEBOSH Diploma Graduation ceremony.

http://www.ciwem.org/


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1.4 Qualification level and UK accreditation

The NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is accredited and credit rated by the Scottish Qualifications Authority Accreditation (SQA – http://accreditation.sqa.org.uk). It is rated within the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF - www.scqf.org.uk) at SCQF Level 10 with 19 SCQF credit points.

For users in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, this is comparable to a Vocationally-Related Qualification (VRQ) at Level 6 within the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) and Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF), or Honours Degree standard.

For further information regarding UK qualification levels, please refer to the “Qualifications can cross boundaries” comparison chart issued by the UK regulators, available at the SQA Accreditation website (http://accreditation.sqa.org.uk).

1.5 Key topics covered

Principles of managing and controlling environmental risk

Implementation of environmental management systems

Environmental legislation, enforcement and civil liability

Dealing with key environmental hazards and resources

Practical application of knowledge and understanding via a workplace-based project

1.6 Course tuition and private study time requirements

Unit ED1: 113 hours tuition and 47 hours private study Total: 160 hours Unit ED2: 6 hours tuition and 24 hours private study Total: 30 hours A programme of study therefore needs to be based around a minimum of 119 taught hours and approximately 71 hours of private study for an overall total of 190 Hours. A full-time block release course would be expected to last for a minimum of fifteen working days and a part-time day release course would be spread over at least fifteen weeks. For candidates studying by open or distance learning, the tuition hours should be added to the recommended private study hours to give the minimum number of hours that this mode of study will require. Quoted hours do not include assessment time, ie, sitting written examinations or the practical application unit (see 1.6).

http://accreditation.sqa.org.uk/

http://www.scqf.org.uk/

http://accreditation.sqa.org.uk/accreditation/accreditationfiles/QualificationsCanCrossBoundaries.pdf


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1.7 Entry requirements

There are no specific barriers, in terms of academic qualifications, skills or experience to entry to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management programme. However, it should be noted that currently the assessments are offered, and must be answered, in English only. The qualification includes a requirement to complete an environmental audit proforma and write a report of approximately 4000 words based on the candidate’s own workplace; the proforma and report must be completed in English. Candidates should discuss this with the accredited course provider before undertaking the qualification.

1.8 Minimum standard of English required for candidates

The standard of English required by candidates studying for the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management must be such that they can both understand and articulate the concepts contained in the syllabus. It is important to stress that the onus is on accredited course providers to determine their candidates’ standards of proficiency in English. NEBOSH recommends to accredited course providers that candidates undertaking this qualification should reach a minimum standard of English equivalent to an International English Language Testing System score of 7.0 or higher in IELTS tests in order to be accepted onto a National Diploma in Environmental Management programme. For further information please see the latest version of the IELTS Handbook or consult the IELTS website: http://www.ielts.org/institutions/test_format_and_results.aspx Candidates wishing to assess their own language expertise may consult the IELTS website for information on taking the test: http://www.ielts.org/institutions/faqs.aspx

1.9 Legislation

The syllabus refers to UK legislation. Where the syllabus refers to the legislative systems of England, Wales and Scotland, candidates may refer to the legislative systems and requirements that apply in Northern Ireland, provided that these references are clearly indicated as such.

If this qualification is delivered overseas, accredited course providers may refer to examples of local legislation as part of the course programme but examination questions will refer to UK legislation only.

1.10 Legislative updates

Relevant new legislation will become examinable in detail six months after its date of introduction. However, candidates will be expected to be essentially up-to-date at the time of the examination and, whilst a detailed knowledge will not be expected, reference to new or impending legislation, where relevant to an examination question, will be given credit. Please note, NEBOSH will not ask questions related to legislation that has been repealed, revoked or otherwise superseded.

http://www.ielts.org/institutions/test_format_and_results.aspx

http://www.ielts.org/institutions/faqs.aspx


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NB: Accredited course providers are expected to ensure their course notes remain current with regard to new legislation.

1.11 National Occupational Standards (NOS) and best practice

The syllabus is mapped to the relevant National Occupational Standard (NOS):

NOS for Environmental Awareness and Management (December 2009), published by Lantra Sector Skills Council (www.lantra.co.uk)

The mapping of the syllabus units to each NOS can be found on pages 12-13.

1.12 Qualification type

NEBOSH offers Vocationally-Related Qualifications (VRQs) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. VRQs provide the knowledge and practical skills required for particular job roles through a structured study-based training programme, that combine the testing of knowledge and understanding in written examinations with practical application of learning in the workplace. VRQs are a popular type of qualification because they are nationally recognised, flexible and offer routes for progression to employment or further study. In Scotland, VRQs are known as ‘Other accredited qualifications’.

1.13 Qualification progression

Environmental Diploma holders with Health and Safety responsibilities may consider the NEBOSH National or International Diplomas in Occupational Health and Safety. In addition, students who have achieved the NEBOSH Environmental Diploma may be considering further study. A number of universities offer MSc programs which accept the NEBOSH Environmental Diploma as a full or partial entry requirement. Some MSc courses may require additional qualifications/expertise such as a degree, further significant work experience or expect students to complete specific modules, eg, in environmental management. Further information can be found on our website: www.nebosh.org.uk/qualifications

1.14 Programmes offered by NEBOSH-accredited course providers

Accredited course providers can be located using the ‘Where to study’ tab on our website: www.nebosh.org.uk NB: Candidates are advised to check up-to-date information on course dates with accredited course providers directly.

1.15 Examination dates

‘Standard’ examination dates for this qualification are available in June and December annually. On-demand examinations are not available to course providers for this qualification.

http://www.lantra.co.uk/

http://www.nebosh.org.uk/qualifications

http://www.nebosh.org.uk/Studying/default.asp?cref=3&ct=2


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1.16 Specification date

The September 2010 specification for this qualification replaced the previous March 2008 specification for all examinations from (and including) 1 June 2011. The current revisions to the syllabus (version 11 and onwards of this Guide) take effect from 1 June 2015 and the new content will be examinable from 1 December 2015.

1.17 Syllabus development and review

The syllabus has been developed by NEBOSH following extensive consultation with key stakeholders, notably accredited course providers, professional bodies, employers, standards setting organisations, enforcement bodies and subject experts. NEBOSH would like to take this opportunity to thank all those who participated in the development, piloting and implementation of this qualification.

1.18 Further information for candidates

Further information for candidates including a syllabus summary, qualification overview leaflet, a sample examiner’s report and guidance regarding the project unit can be found via the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).

1.19 Further information for accredited course providers

Further information for accredited course providers including policies and procedures and guidance on the project unit can be found in the accredited course providers’ section of the NEBOSH website.



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2. Qualification structure

2.1 Unit assessment

The Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management is divided into two units. Both units are mandatory and there are no optional units. Candidates may choose to take one or both units at the same time or at different times. Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk

Unit ED1 is a taught unit, assessed by a three-hour written examination

Each written examination consists of eight ‘long-answer’ questions (20 marks each) from which candidates must choose five questions to answer

Candidate scripts are marked by external examiners appointed by NEBOSH

A sample examination paper can be found in Section 5.

Unit ED2: Application of environmental risk theory and practice

Unit ED2 consists of a workplace-based project set by NEBOSH

Approximately 4,000 words in length

The project is internally assessed by the accredited course provider and externally moderated by NEBOSH

Course providers submit projects to NEBOSH for moderation by 31 January and 31 July each year.

NEBOSH applies best practise in relation to assessment setting and marking. NEBOSH uses external assessment for written examinations and assignments: scripts are sent to NEBOSH and undergo rigorous marking, checking and results determination processes to ensure accuracy and consistency.

2.2 Achieving the qualification

Candidates must pass both units within a two year period to achieve the qualification. The two years commences from the result declaration date of the first successful unit. NB: The weighting of the units when calculating the overall mark for this qualification is 75% for the written examination (ED1) and 25% for the project (ED2), see 2.6 for further details.

2.3 Unit pass standard

The pass standard for each unit may vary according to pre-determined criteria but is normalised to 45% for the written paper (ED1) and 60% for the project unit (ED2).


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2.4 Unit certificates

Candidates who are successful in an individual unit will be issued with a unit certificate, normally within 40 working days of the issue of the result notification. Units are not graded and the unit certificates will show a ‘Pass’ only.

2.5 Qualification grade

When candidates have been awarded a unit certificate for both units (ie, have achieved a Pass in units ED1 and ED2), the overall qualification grade is determined by the weighted results of the two units. The weighting factors are as follows: (i) examination (Unit ED1) - 75% (ii) project (Unit ED2) - 25% The overall mark is calculated using this formula to produce an overall percentage: [examination mark x 0.75] + [project mark x 0.25]. The overall calculation may produce a fraction of a percentage. A fraction of 0.5 or above will be rounded up to the nearest whole percentage and a fraction of less than 0.5 will be rounded down to the nearest whole percentage. Pass: Up to 59%, with at least 45% in the written paper (Unit ED1) and 60% in the

project (Unit ED2) Credit: 60% - 69%, with at least 45% in the written paper (Unit ED1) and 60% in the

project (Unit ED2) Distinction: 70% or more, with at least 45% in the written paper (Unit ED1) and 60% in the

project (Unit ED2)

2.6 Qualification parchment

Once a candidate has achieved a Pass in both units and the qualification grade has been awarded, the candidate is normally considered to have completed the qualification. A qualification parchment will be issued, within 40 working days of the result declaration date for the second successfully completed unit. However, once the result of the second successfully completed unit has been issued the candidate has 20 working days from the date of issue of that result to either:

Inform NEBOSH in writing of their intention to re-sit a successful unit for the purposes of improving a grade

Submit an Enquiry About Result (EAR) request (see Section 3.3).


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2.8 Re-sitting unit/s

If a candidate’s performance in a unit is lower than a pass, candidates may re-register to re-sit just the unit in which they have been unsuccessful providing that they re-sit within two years of the sitting of the first successful unit. Candidates should take this to mean from the result declaration date for their first successful unit. Candidates who wish to improve the mark for a unit they have successfully passed in order to improve their qualification grading to a credit or distinction, may do so providing that they re-sit the examination within two years of the sitting of the first successful attempt. Any candidate who re-sits a successful unit, and does not surpass their original mark, eg, is referred in the paper, will keep the original mark awarded. Re-sit marks are not capped. There is no limit to the number of re-sits within this two year period. Candidates who register for any unit of the National Diploma in Environmental Management whilst awaiting a result from a previous sitting of an examination for the same qualification may not seek a refund of the registration fee if they retrospectively claim exemption from any part of the qualification, subsequent to the issue of the awaited result.


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3. Policies

3.1 Requests for access arrangements/reasonable adjustments

Access arrangements and reasonable adjustments are modifications which are approved in advance of an assessment to allow attainment to be demonstrated by candidates with either a permanent or long-term disability or learning difficulty, or temporary disability, illness or indisposition. Requests for access arrangements or reasonable adjustments must be made to NEBOSH by accredited course providers at least one month before the assessment. For further details see the NEBOSH “Policy and procedures for access arrangements, reasonable adjustments and special consideration” available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).

3.2 Requests for special consideration

Special consideration is a procedure that may result in an adjustment to the marks of candidates who have not been able to demonstrate attainment because of temporary illness, injury, indisposition or an unforeseen incident at the time of the assessment. Candidates who feel disadvantaged due to illness, distraction or any other reason during the assessment must report this to the invigilator (or the accredited course provider in the case of a practical examination) before leaving the examination room and request that their written statement, together with the invigilator’s comments on the statement, be sent by the accredited course provider to NEBOSH. Requests for special consideration must be made to NEBOSH by the accredited course provider as soon as possible and no more than seven working days after the assessment.

For further details see the NEBOSH “Policy and procedures on reasonable adjustments and special consideration” available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).

3.3 Enquiries about results and appeals

NEBOSH applies detailed and thorough procedures to moderate and check assessment results before they are issued. It thereby ensures that the declared results are a fair and equitable reflection of the standard of performance by candidates. There are, however, procedures for candidates or accredited course providers to enquire about results that do not meet their reasonable expectations. An ‘enquiry about result’ (EAR) must be made in writing within one month of the date of issue of the result to which it relates. For details see the NEBOSH “Enquiries and appeals policy and procedures” document available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).





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3.4 Malpractice

Malpractice is defined as any deliberate activity, neglect, default or other practice by candidates and/or accredited course providers that compromises the integrity of the assessment process, and/or the validity of certificates. Malpractice may include a range of issues from collusion or use of unauthorised material by candidates, to the failure to maintain appropriate records or systems by accredited course providers, to the deliberate falsification of records in order to claim certificates. Failure by an accredited course provider to deal with identified issues may in itself constitute malpractice. For further details see the NEBOSH “Malpractice policy and procedures” document available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk).



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4. Syllabus - NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management (September 2010 specification)

Structure The qualification is divided into two units. Unit ED1 is further divided into fifteen elements. The matrix below indicates how the syllabus elements map to the relevant National Occupational Standards (See also section 1.11):

NOS for Environmental Awareness and Management (December 2009), published by Lantra Sector Skills Council (www.lantra.co.uk).

Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk

Element Number

Element Title Recom- mended hours

Relevant

Lantra NOS units and elements

Page

1

Principles of environmental risk

management

9 EM3-4, 6, 8, 15 14

2

Environmental risk evaluation

9 EM3-6, 11-14 17

3

Control strategies for environmental risks

7 EM1-10 19

4

Monitoring, review and audit

5 EM5-10 21

5

Developments in environmental

legislation

5 EM4 23

6

Environmental legislative

framework and methods of enforcement

7 EM4 25

7

Public access to environmental

information

5 EM4, 8 27

8

Civil liability in relation to environmental pollution

5 EM4-5 29

9

Solid and liquid wastes

13 EM4, 6-8, 15 31

http://www.lantra.co.uk/


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10

Gaseous and particulate releases to atmosphere

13 EM4, 6-8, 15 35

11

Water resources management

10 EM4, 6-8, 15 37

12

Control of environmental

nuisance

5 EM4, 6-8, 15 40

13

Hazardous substances

6 EM4, 6-8, 15 42

14

Environmental implications of

development and land use

8 EM1-4, 11, 14 45

15

Energy use and efficiency

6 EM 3-4, 9-10 48

Minimum unit tuition time 113

Recommended private study

time

47

Unit ED2: Management of environmental risk

Element Number

Element Title Recom- mended hours

Relevant

Lantra NOS units and elements

Page

1

Management of environmental

risk

6 EM 1-15 50

Minimum unit tuition time 6

Recommended private study

time

24

Minimum total tuition time 119

Recommended total private

study time

71


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4.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk Element 1: Principles of environmental risk

management

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 1.1 Explain the earth’s natural cycles and how the principles of sustainability are being

adopted

1.2 Explain the reasons for managing environmental risk

1.3 Explain the principles of environmental hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control.

Content

1.1 Natural cycles and sustainability

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles

Hydrological cycle

Ecology and the importance of biodiversity

Current definitions of sustainability

- the importance of sustainability and resource efficiency in decision making - design, construction and resource efficiency with sustainability as an objective - precautionary principle, polluter pays as examples of drivers for sustainability - the use of fiscal measures to drive change - the Government’s National Strategy on Sustainable Development in England

and Wales and Choosing our future: Scotland's sustainable development strategy .

1.2 Reasons for managing environmental risk

Moral – duty of care; society’s attitude to environmental issues; sustainable development; ethical issues

Legal – the preventative (by enforcement notices, permits etc), punitive (through criminal sanctions), and compensatory effects of law

Economic – direct and indirect costs associated with environmental pollution, environmental taxation (pros and cons), supply chain pressures, ethical investment, relations with regulatory bodies and local communities.


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1.3 Principles of environmental hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control

Direct effects on the health and safety of people outside the workplace:

- hazardous substances - fire and explosion - radiation

Indirect effects on the health and safety of people outside the workplace:

- food and drinking water safety - pesticides - global, regional and local environmental effects

Effects on quality of life:

- nuisances such as noise, dust and odour - visual amenity - transport effects - wastes from consumer products (packaging)

Effects on plants, animals and natural systems:

- composition and dynamics of communities and ecosystems

Assessment of environmental risks:

- data on environmental problems - sources of information and advice on environmental risks - use of environmental monitoring data to evaluate risk - use of biological indicators to evaluate risk - uses and limitations of external data sources - awareness of the relationships between source, pathway and receptor when

assessing environmental risk

Control strategies for environmental risks

Risk control measures:

- technical, eg, selection of location, selection and efficient use of raw materials and energy sources, process design, pollution control systems

- procedural, eg, systems of work, maintenance - behavioural, eg, information and training for employees, information for the

public

Factors affecting choice of control measures:

- long term/short term - applicability - practicability - cost.

Possible conflicts between protection of workers and protection of the environment; reconciliation of such conflicts


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Definitions of:

- aspect - impact - sustainability.

Recommended tuition time not less than 9 hours


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Element 2: Environmental risk evaluation

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 2.1 Evaluate risks to the environment arising from workplace activities and substances

released to the environment

2.2 Identify when an environmental assessment is required and understand the processes underlying preparation of environmental assessments and submission of a formal Environmental Statement.

Content

2.1 Evaluate risks to the environment

Cost benefit analysis

- Cost benefit analysis as applied to environmental risks

Environmental modelling

- Principles and application of environmental modelling - Limitations of environmental modelling

Life cycle analysis

- Cradle-to-grave concept - Principles and techniques of life cycle analysis

Assessment of environmental toxicity

- The meaning of Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) - Principles of environmental toxicity and ecotoxicity testing.

2.2 Environmental assessment

Environmental impact assessment

- screening of projects requiring formal Environmental Assessment - procedures for scoping, preparation and submission of formal Environmental

statements - strategic Environmental Assessment; circumstances for its use, the role,

process and links with EIA

General requirements and processes for assessment of environmental risk

- use of risk assessments undertaken under health and safety law for environmental management.



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Element 3: Control strategies for environmental risk

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 3.1 Describe appropriate risk control measures

3.2 Explain a systematic approach to environmental risk management

3.3 Describe the requirements of emergency plans for their organisation, including their development, monitoring and maintenance.

Content

3.1 Risk control measures

Factors to be considered in selection of the best solution for an organisation based on relevant risk

Identification of control options under the hierarchy of elimination, substitution, reduction or control

Assessment to determine the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO)

Assessment of control systems to determine the Best Available Techniques (BAT) and the importance of an integrated approach to pollution control.

3.2 Systematic approach to environmental risk management

Explanation of environmental management systems (EMS) (BS EN ISO 14000 series, EMAS) and BS8555; quality management systems (BS EN ISO 9000 series); total quality management and health and safety management systems (HSG65, OHSAS 18001); discussion of arguments for and against integration

The steps in implementing an EMS; involving the stakeholders

Establishing objectives and targets for environmental management performance

Development of environmental policy statements

Using EMS to drive continuous improvement

Supply chain management

Business benefits of EMS.


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3.3 Development, monitoring and maintenance of emergency plans

An understanding of the need for emergency preparedness within an organisation

On-site and off-site emergency planning

Legal requirements

Practising emergency plans, desktop etc.



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Element 4: Monitoring, review and audit

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 4.1 Describe appropriate indicators that may reflect an organisation’s environmental

management performance

4.2 Describe appropriate monitoring techniques and differentiate between active (pro-active) monitoring and reactive monitoring.

Content

4.1 Performance Indicators

Environmental management performance indicators, including incidents, emissions, waste, water, energy, transport and travel, carbon dioxide and carbon (measurement conversion).

4.2 Monitoring techniques

Active and reactive monitoring:

- active monitoring measures including the monitoring of performance standards and criteria and the systematic inspection of the workplace

- use of environmental inspections and their roles within a monitoring regime - reactive monitoring measures including data on incidents, near misses,

emissions, waste, water and energy; complaints by workforce and neighbours; and enforcement action

Workplace inspections:

- role of inspections; factors governing frequency and type of inspection; competence of inspector; use of checklists; allocation of responsibilities and priorities for action

- the requirements for effective report writing (style, structure, emphasis, persuasiveness, etc).

Auditing:

- scope and purpose of auditing environmental management systems; distinction between audits and inspections

- pre-audit preparations, information gathering, notifications and interviews - responsibility for audits - advantages and disadvantages of external and internal, in-house and

proprietary, environmental audit systems - the range of environmental audit applications, including due-diligence audits,

compliance audits, management system audits and single issue audits (eg, waste and energy).



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Element 5: Developments in environmental legislation

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 5.1 Describe the factors which have influenced the development of environmental law in

the UK during the second half of the 20th century and the first part of the 21st century

5.2 Describe the status and procedures for the creation of UK Acts and Regulations

5.3 Describe the arrangements for implementing EC Directives in UK law.

Content

5.1 Development of environmental law in the UK

Development of prescriptive legislation in response to environmental problems - Clean Air Acts, Control of Pollution Act 1974

Development of ‘framework’ Acts - Environmental Protection Act 1990, Water Resources Act 1991, Water Industry Act 1991, Climate Change Act 2008

Development of environmental taxation: landfill tax and aggregates levy - Finance Act 1996 and 2001

Effects of international agreements and treaties on UK environmental law

The role of the European Union in influencing UK law and its direct impact on organisations and people.

5.2 Creation of UK Acts and Regulations

The environmental legislative framework:

- Acts of Parliament, Regulations, Orders

The purpose, role and status of Approved Codes of Practice, Environment Agency guidance, Scottish Executive guidance and general guidance material.

5.3 Arrangements for implementing EC Directives in UK law

Influence of the European Union on UK law

Legal standing in member states of EC Directives and Regulations

Principle of precedence.



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Element 6: Environmental legislative framework and methods of enforcement Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to:

6.1 Explain the statutory obligations imposed on the organisation by the Pollution

Prevention and Control Act 1999 and its associated Regulations

6.2 Describe the powers of inspectors, different types of enforcement action and their implications.

Content

6.1 Statutory obligations

The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 (PPC Act), The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (and amendment regulations), Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012 and associated legislation

Development and application of Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC)

Relationship between PPC and the regulation of water pollution, air pollution, waste, land, energy, natural reserves and noise

Structure and application of regulations to implement PPC

BAT.

6.2 Powers of inspectors, different types of enforcement action

The roles of the Environment Agency / Scottish Environment Protection Agency / Northern Ireland Environment Agency / Natural Resources Wales

Enforcement authorities:

- authorities empowered to enforce environmental legislation - division of responsibilities between enforcing authorities - powers of enforcing authorities and their inspectors

Enforcement of environmental law:

- offences under EPA, PPC Act, Water Resources Act 1991 and Water Industries Act 1991; Environmental Damage/Liability (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations. In Scotland, for example: Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011; The Public Health etc. (Scotland) Act 2008; and Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003; Public Water Supplies (Scotland) Regulations 2014

- procedures for appeal against decisions of inspectors and enforcing authorities

- options for enforcement action: prosecution - summary, indictable (or solemn in Scotland) and hybrid offences; civil sanctions.


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- notices: prohibition and enforcement notices, their status and grounds for, and effects of, appeal against them

- other forms of notice: formal cautions, abatement, stop, suspension, revocation, variation, remediation, Anti-pollution works, restoration, compliance

- maximum penalties on conviction in Magistrates’ and Crown Courts (in Scotland Summary and Solemn Courts)

- other penalties: fixed monetary penalties, variable monetary penalties, enforcement undertaking, non-compliance penalties, enforcement cost recovery.



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Element 7: Public access to environmental information

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 7.1 Explain the format and content of information that is available to the public that is

relevant to an organisation’s environmental performance

7.2 Describe the activities of Non-governmental organisations in making information available to the public

7.3 Review methods of presenting information on environmental management performance in publicly available reports.

Content

7.1 Information available to the public

Legal requirements affecting provision of information to the public

Legal provisions affecting access by the public to environmental information

Development and scope of public registers

Development of the Pollutant Release Inventories.

7.2 Activities of Non-governmental organisations

The role of:

- Friends of the Earth - Greenpeace - Royal Society for the Protection of Birds - National Trust/National Trust for Scotland as appropriate - Environmental Protection UK (previously known as National Association of

Clean Air and Environmental Protection) - professional bodies - the media.

7.3 Presentation of information on environmental management performance

Development and content of corporate reports on environmental performance; company and site annual reporting; producing and presenting meaningful information; benchmarking and the use of indicators

Identification of key stakeholders and developing relationships

Environmental labelling.



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Element 8: Civil liability in relation to environmental pollution

Learning outcomes

On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 8.1 Identify the duties owed in common law by organisations and occupiers of land in

respect of environmental pollution

8.2 Explain the legal principles of decided cases and civil action.

Content

8.1 Duties owed and defences in common law

Torts of negligence, breach of statutory duty, trespass and nuisance

The duties owed by organisations and occupiers of land in respect of negligence, breach of statutory duty, trespass, nuisance and the rule of ‘Rylands v Fletcher’ arising from environmental pollution.

8.2 Legal principles of civil action and decided cases

Civil action

- damage for which tortfeasor is liable, damage of foreseeable type, date of knowledge of risk, remoteness

- meaning of strict liability and interpretation in recent rulings - strengths and weaknesses of a civil action founded on negligence, breach of

statutory duty, trespass, nuisance or ‘Rylands v Fletcher’ - differences in Scottish law in respect of nuisance and strict liability.

Decided cases

- Rylands v Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 330 “that the person who for his own purposes brings on his lands and collects and keeps there anything likely to do mischief if it escapes, must keep it in at his peril, and, if he does not do so, is prima facie answerable for all the damage which is the natural consequence of its escape”

- Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather plc (1994) 1 All ER 53; [1994] 2 WLR 53; [1994] 2 AC 264; [1993] UKHL 12 development of rule in Rylands v Fletcher; liability does not apply retrospectively in absence of foreseeability of harm

- Hunter and Others v Canary Wharf Limited and Hunter & Others v London Docklands Corporation (1997), the right to bring an action in nuisance is related to ownership

- Margereson and Hancock v J W Roberts Ltd (1996) The Times 17.4.9; extension of liability to cover community exposure.



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Element 9: Solid and liquid wastes

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 9.1 Describe wastes and effluents and determine their category

9.2 Explain the relevant legal requirements for the management of waste and effluent

9.3 Describe strategies for monitoring waste and effluents

9.4 Describe strategies for minimising waste and effluents

9.5 Identify appropriate control strategies and measures for solid and liquid wastes.

Content

9.1 Waste categories

Principal categories of waste: controlled, non-hazardous, hazardous, special (Scotland), clinical and radioactive

Principal categories of liquid waste discharged to municipal wastewater treatment plants: trade effluent, special category effluent

Classification of waste - List of Wastes

Specific legal requirements applying to each category of waste

Legal requirements for specific types of waste including; waste food, dry recyclable waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment; waste batteries and accumulators; vehicles (end of life).

9.2 Legal requirements

Application to waste of the Duty of Care

Hazardous waste producer registration

Transportation of waste; registration of waste carriers; brokers and dealers

Licensing or authorisation requirements for waste management operations, including storage, treatment and disposal; main exemptions from waste management licensing or authorisation

Offences for waste management

Landfill disposal: Hazardous and non-hazardous landfill, landfill taxation.


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9.3 Monitoring waste and effluents

Sampling and analysis of liquid effluents: grab sampling, continuous monitoring

Sampling and analysis of solid waste

Monitoring of leachate and landfill gas

Guidance on the management of landfill gas, published by EA and SEPA.

9.4 Minimising waste and effluents

Principles of waste minimisation and the waste hierarchy:

Prevention

Minimisation

Re-use

- recycling - composting - energy recovery.

Disposal

Responsibilities under the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 2007 and amendment regulations.

9.5 Control strategies and measures for solid and liquid wastes

The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies that can be applied to eliminate or, where not possible, reduce or render harmless solid or liquid wastes at source

Landfill: the principles of site selection, behaviour of wastes, site management controls

Waste and effluent treatment: the principles of chemical, physical and biological treatment techniques

Incineration: the principles of design technology, behaviour of waste.



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Element 10: Gaseous and particulate releases to atmosphere

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to: 10.1 Describe the characteristics of emissions to the atmosphere and assess whether

emissions are likely to be subject to specific legal requirements

10.2 Explain the relevant legal requirements for the management of emissions to atmosphere

10.3 Describe strategies for monitoring atmospheric emissions

10.4 Describe appropriate control strategies and measures for releases to atmosphere.

Content

10.1 Emissions to the atmosphere

Types of emission: gaseous, vapour, mist, fume, smoke, dust, grit, fibre

Types of substances that are prescribed for release to the atmosphere and types of prescribed processes

Classification of smoke: dark smoke, black smoke

Air Quality Objectives and Air Quality Standards.

10.2 Legal requirements

Duties of operators of prescribed processes for: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control and Air Pollution Control; furnaces; processes permitted as radioactive substances activities under Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 or the Radioactive Substances Act 1993

Duties of the Secretary of State and local authorities under the Air Quality Regulations 2000 and the Environment Act 1995, Part IV Offences under the Clean Air Act 1993

The function of the Committee on Climate Change

Duties in respect of management of ozone depleting substances and fluorinated greenhouse gases.

10.3 Strategies for monitoring atmospheric emission

Sampling principles: grab sampling, continuous monitoring, isokinetic sampling, in-situ or extractive monitoring, remote sensing; Technical Guidance Notes M1 and M2; BS 1747; BS 1756

Principles of gravimetric analysis, microscopic analysis, gas liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, chemiluminescence, electrochemical cells and UV/IR spectrometry.


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10.4 Control strategies and measures

The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies which can be applied to eliminate, or where not possible, reduce or render harmless emissions to the atmosphere; selection of appropriate control options for different types of substance

The general philosophy and application of emission standards and air quality standards relevant to air quality management.



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Element 11: Water resources management Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to:

11.1 Describe the framework in which water is managed within the UK

11.2 Describe the characteristics of polluting substances released to water and assess whether releases are subject to specific legal requirements

11.3 Explain the relevant legal requirements for the prevention or control of discharges to, or abstraction from, controlled waters

11.4 Identify appropriate controls for strategies and methods for prevention and control of discharges of polluting matter to controlled waters.

Content

11.1 Framework in which water is managed

Water management framework

River Basin Management Plans.

11.2 Polluting substances released to water

Categorisation of effluents discharged to controlled waters

Designation of controlled waters and water protection zones

Surface water classification systems; water quality objectives and water quality standards

Types of substances that are prescribed for release to controlled waters

The UK Red List and its relationship to the EU Black and Grey Lists

Principal types of water pollutants

Chemical, physical and biological properties.

11.3 Discharges to, or abstraction from, controlled waters

Discharge consent procedures for trade effluent and Red List substances released to surface waters and groundwater

Duties of operators of prescribed processes

Duties to prevent pollution, including prevention of pollution from fire-fighting water runoff

Cost recovery by the Environment Agency


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Effect of a ‘works notice’ under sections 161A to 161D of the Water Resources Act 1991

Duties in respect of water abstraction licences or impounding licences

Offences under water pollution law.

11.4 Controls

The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies which can be applied to eliminate or, where not possible, reduce or render harmless releases of polluting matter to controlled waters.



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Element 12: Control of environmental nuisance

Learning outcomes On completion of this element, candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the content through the application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar situations. In particular they should be able to:

12.1 Describe the characteristics of noise and advise on measurement and assessment of environmental noise levels

12.2 Describe control strategies and methods for the control of environmental nuisance with reference to relevant legal requirements.

Content

12.1 Characteristics, measurement and assessment of environmental noise

Basic acoustics: pressure, frequency, amplitude, intensity, power; weighting scales; percentile sound levels; equivalent continuous sound pressure level

Measurement of environmental noise

Assessment of environmental noise and potential for complaint - BS 4142:2014.

12.2 Control of environmental nuisance

Legislative requirements and guidance applying to environmental noise and nuisance. (including differences in Scottish law in respect of nuisance and strict liability)

Duties in respect of construction and demolition noise; BS 5228:-1:2009 (amended 2014)

Duties in respect of noise emissions from industrial premises

Noise mapping and action plans with reference to the Environmental Noise Regulations 2006

Definition of statutory nuisance

Duties under the Environmental Protection Act 1990, Part III in respect of statutory nuisance

Offences relating to statutory nuisance

The range of engineering and procedural control measures and strategies that can be applied to control noise emissions at source, through propagation and at the receptor.



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Element 13: Hazardous substances


13.1 Describe the environmental aspects of the legal requirements affecting supply, storage, use and transport of hazardous substances

13.2 Identify the legislation affecting use of pesticides.

Content

13.1 Supply, storage, use and transport of hazardous substances

Legislation applying to supply, storage, use and transport of hazardous substances

Classification of hazardous substances, including substances hazardous to the environment

Prohibitions and restrictions affecting supply and use of hazardous substances

Requirements for notification, permits and marking of sites where hazardous substances are present

Transport by road under the Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations 2009

13.2 Legislation affecting use of pesticides

Legislation applying to the control of pesticides

Duties under the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 and the Control of Pesticides Regulations, the Plant Protection Products Regulations and the Plant Protection Products (Sustainable Use) Regulations covering approval of pesticides and certificates of competence.



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Element 14: Environmental implications of development and land use


14.1 Explain the environmental aspects of developing and managing land

14.2 Identify hazards and assess risks associated with contamination of soil and groundwater and advise management on the options for remedial treatment.

Content

14.1 Developing and managing land

Classification and protection of the countryside, historic features and wildlife habitat

Protection given to areas/features designated as: National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), National Nature Reserves (NNR), local nature reserves, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA), Tree Preservation Orders (TPO), conservation areas, listed buildings, duty to promote biodiversity

Protection given to protected species

Planning requirements under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (see also Element 2).

14.2 Contamination of soil and groundwater

Definition of contaminated land: Environment Act 1995 section 57

Environmental hazards associated with contaminated land

Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006 and The Contaminated Land (Scotland) Regulations 2000 and amendment 2005

Effect of remediation notices served under Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990; designation as special sites

Offences relating to contaminated land

Methods of investigating contaminated land and groundwater; BS 10175:2001 (Investigation of potentially contaminated sites. Code of practice)


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Assessment of contamination: ‘Trigger Concentrations’ recommended by the Interdepartmental Committee on the Redevelopment of Contaminated Land; role of the ‘Dutch standards’ for soil and groundwater; Greater London Council definition table; Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment Model and Soil Guideline Values

Remedial techniques for contaminated soil and groundwater.



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Element 15: Energy use and efficiency


15.1 Explain the environmental aspects of and legal requirements for business use of energy

15.2 Describe strategies and actions to reduce overall energy use and manage carbon emissions.

Content

15.1 Business use of energy

Sources of energy; advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives

Impact on the environment of burning fossil fuels in vehicles, buildings and plant

Provision of information regarding energy efficiency

Impact of carbon dioxide on the climate.

15.2 Reduction of energy use and carbon emissions

Alternatives to fossil fuel as sources of energy

Energy efficiency: relationship to cost and profit

International and national control strategies for carbon dioxide emissions

EU Emissions Trading Scheme and Climate Change Levy

The requirements of the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme Regulations 2014 (ESOS)

Feed-in tariff and similar incentives.



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Tutor References

Statutory instruments

Legislation Country Element/s

Regulation 106/2008 (EC) on a Union energy-efficiency labelling programme for office equipment

EU Regulations 15

Regulation (EU) 142/2011 EU Animal By-Products Regulation 1069/2009 and Implementing

EU Regulations 9

Regulation (EC) No 649/2012 689/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 17 June 2008 concerning the export and import of dangerous chemicals

EU Regulations 13

Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

EU Regulations 10

EC No 1107/2009 Placing of plant products on the market regulations

EU Regulations 13

Regulation EC No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures

EU Regulations 13

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

EU Regulations 13

Anti-social Behaviour (Crime and Policing) Act 2014

UK/Great Britain 12

Batteries and Accumulators (Placing on the Market) Regulations 2008 (as amended)

UK/Great Britain 9

Biocidal Products Regulations 2001 and amendment regulations

UK/Great Britain 13

Building Regulations 2010 2000 Part L (conservation of fuel and power)

UK/Great Britain 15

Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations 2009

UK/Great Britain 12

Civil Aviation Act 2006 UK/Great Britain 12

Clean Air Act 1993 UK/Great Britain 10

Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 UK/Great Britain 12

Climate Change Act 2008 UK/Great Britain 5, 10, 15

Climate Change Agreements (Eligible Facilities) Regulations 2012 (as amended)

UK/Great Britain 10, 15

Climate Change Levy (General) Regulations 2001 (as amended)


Climate Change Levy (Registration and Miscellaneous) Provisions Regulations 2001


Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994

UK/Great Britain 14

Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010

UK/Great Britain 14

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 UK/Great Britain 13

Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 2015

UK/Great Britain 2, 3, 13


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Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 (as amended)

UK/Great Britain 13

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended) UK/Great Britain 2, 13

Control of Trade in Endangered Species (Enforcement) Regulations 1997

UK/Great Britain 14

Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 UK/Great Britain 14

CRC Energy Efficiency Order 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014


CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme (Allocation of Allowances for Payments) Regulations 2013


Detergents Regulations 2010 (as amended) UK/Great Britain 13

Eco-design for Energy-Related Products Regulations 2010

UK/Great Britain 15

End of Life Vehicles (Producer Responsibility) Regulations 2005 (as amended)

UK/Great Britain 9

End of Life Vehicle Regulations 2003 (as amended) UK/Great Britain 9

Energy Acts of 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2013 UK/Great Britain 15

Energy Information Regulations 2011 UK/Great Britain 15

Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme Regulations 2014

UK/Great Britain 15

Environment Act 1995 UK/Great Britain 10, 11

Environment and Safety Information Act 1988 UK/Great Britain 7

Environmental Information Regulations 2004 UK/Great Britain 7

Environmental Protection Act 1990 UK/Great Britain 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14

Environmental Protection (Controls on Ozone-depleting Substances) Regulations 2011 (as amended)


Finance Act 1996 and 2001 UK/Great Britain 5

Food and Environmental Protection Act 1985 (Part III relating to pesticides) amended by the Pesticides Act 1998

UK/Great Britain 13

Flood and Water Management Act 2010 UK/Great Britain 11

Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2015 UK/Great Britain 10

Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use) Regulations 2014

UK/Great Britain 13

Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) Regulations 2002

UK/Great Britain 13

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2012

UK/Great Britain 15

Hunting Act 2004 UK/Great Britain 14

Licensing Act 2003 UK/Great Britain 12

Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006

UK/Great Britain 14


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National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949

UK/Great Britain 14

Noise Emission in the Environment by Equipment for use Outdoors Regulations 2001 and Amendment Regulations 2001, 2005 and 2015

UK/Great Britain 12

Noise and Statutory Nuisance Act 1993 UK/Great Britain 12

Noise at Work Regulations 2005 UK/Great Britain 12

Notification of Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers Regulations 1992

UK/Great Britain 13

Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulations 2015 UK/Great Britain 10

Planning (Hazardous Substances) Act 1990 UK/Great Britain 13

The Planning (Hazardous Substances) Regulations 2015

UK/Great Britain 13

Plant Protection Products Regulations 2011 UK/Great Britain 13

Plant Protection Products (Sustainable Use) Regulations 2012

UK/Great Britain 13

Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 UK/Great Britain 2, 6, 9, 11

Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 2007 (as amended)

UK/Great Britain 9

Protection of Badgers Act 1992 UK/Great Britain 14

REACH Enforcement Regulations 2008 (and amendment Regulations 2013 and 2014)

UK/Great Britain 13

Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2012 (amended by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Amendment) Regulations 2014)

UK/Great Britain 13

Road Traffic Act 1988 and 1991 UK/Great Britain 12

Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975 UK/Great Britain 11

Storage of Carbon Dioxide (Licensing etc) Regulations 2010

UK/Great Britain 13

Storage of Carbon Dioxide (Access to Infrastructure) Regulations 2011

UK/Great Britain 13

Storage of Carbon Dioxide (Termination of Licences) Regulations 2011

UK/Great Britain 13

Surface Waters (Abstraction for Drinking Water) (Classification) Regulations 1996

UK/Great Britain 11

The Statutory Nuisance (Appeals) Regulations 1995

UK/Great Britain 12

Town and Country Planning Act 1990 UK/Great Britain 14

Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2011 (as amended)


Transfrontier Shipment of Waste Regulations 2007 (as amended)

UK/Great Britain 9

Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2009

UK/Great Britain 9


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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2013

UK/Great Britain 9

Water Act 2003 and 2014 UK/Great Britain 9, 11

Water Industry Act 1991 and 1999 UK/Great Britain 5, 6, 9, 11

Water Resources Act 1991 UK/Great Britain 5, 6, 11

Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000 UK/Great Britain 11

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) UK/Great Britain 14

Wild Mammals (Protection) Act 1996 UK/Great Britain 14

Access to the Countryside (Coastal Margin) (England) Order 2010

England 14

Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (and 2002 amendment regulations)

England 10

Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010 England 10

Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006 England 14

Control of Endangered Species (Fees) Regulations 2009

England 14

Control of Noise (Codes of Practice for Construction and Open Sites) (England) Order 2015

England 12

Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) (England) Regulations 2001

England 11

Controlled Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2012 (as amended)

England 9

Environmental Civil Sanctions (England) Order 2010

England 6

Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes Regulations 2004

England 2, 14

Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009

1

England 3, 6, 11, 14

Environmental Noise (England) Regulations 2006 England 12

List of Wastes (England) Regulations 2005 (as amended)

England 9

National Park Authorities (England) Order 1996 England 14

National Park Authorities (Levies) (England) Regulations 1996

England 14

Nitrate Pollution Prevention Regulations 2015

England 11

Radioactive Contaminated Land (Modification of Enactments) (England) Regulations 2006 (as amended)

England 14

Statutory Nuisances (Artificial Lighting) (Designation of Relevant Sports) (England) Order 2006

England 12

Town and Country Planning (Local Development) (England) Regulations 2004 (as amended)

England 14

Town and Country Planning (Regional Planning) (England) Regulations 2004

England 14


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Water Resources (Control of Pollution) (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) (England) Regulations 2010 and Amendments 2010 and 2013

England 11

Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 England, Northern Ireland and Wales

12

Noise Act 1996 England, Northern Ireland and Wales

12

Anti-Pollution Works Regulations 1999 England and Wales 11

Energy Performance of Buildings (England and Wales) Regulations 2012

England and Wales 15

Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (as amended)

England and Wales 6, 9, 10, 11

Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 (as amended)

England and Wales 9

Landfill Tax Regulations 1996 (as amended) England and Wales 9

Sulphur Content of Liquid Fuels (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 and Amendment Regulations 2014


Urban Waste Water Treatment (England and Wales) Regulations 1994


Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011 (as amended)

England and Wales 9

Water Resources Act 1991 (Amendment) (England and Wales) Regulations 2009


Air Quality Standards Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2010

Northern Ireland 10

Anti-Pollution Works Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2003

Northern Ireland 11

Anti-social Behaviour etc. (Northern Ireland) Order 2004

Northern Ireland 12

Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012 (Part F)

Northern Ireland 15

Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2010

Northern Ireland 13

Clean Air (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 Northern Ireland 10

Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment (Northern Ireland) Act 2011

Northern Ireland 12

Conservation (Natural Habitats &.) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1995

Northern Ireland 14

Controlled Waste and Duty of Care Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2013

Northern Ireland 9

Control of Asbestos Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012

Northern Ireland 13

Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000 (as amended)

Northern Ireland 2, 3, 13

Control of Noise at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006

Northern Ireland 12

Control of Noise (Codes of Practice for Construction and Open Sites) Order (Northern Ireland) 2002

Northern Ireland 12


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Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2010

Northern Ireland 11

Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2003

Northern Ireland 11

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2003 (as amended)

Northern Ireland 2

Controls on Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2011

Northern Ireland 10

Countryside Access Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1996

Northern Ireland 14

Countryside Management Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2008

Northern Ireland 14

Energy Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 Northern Ireland 15

Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2008

Northern Ireland 15

Environment and Safety Information (Northern Ireland) Order 1993

Northern Ireland 7

Environmental Liability (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009

Northern Ireland 3, 6, 14

Environmental Noise Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006

Northern Ireland 12

Environment (Northern Ireland) Order 2002 Northern Ireland 14

Environmental Protection (Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Other Dangerous Substances) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000

Northern Ireland 13

Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009 (as amended)

Northern Ireland 10

Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2001

Northern Ireland 13

Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2003

Northern Ireland 13

Hazardous Waste Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2005 (as amended)

Northern Ireland 9

Industrial Pollution Control (Northern Ireland) Order 1997

Northern Ireland 6

Landfill Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2003 (as amended)

Northern Ireland 9

List of Wastes Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2005 (as amended)

Northern Ireland 9

Nitrates Action Programme Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2014

Northern Ireland 11

Ozone Depleting Substances (Qualifications) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2011

Northern Ireland 10

Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012

Northern Ireland 2, 14

Plant Protection Products Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2011 and Amendment Regulations 2012

Northern Ireland 13

Pollution Prevention and Control (Industrial Emissions) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2013

Northern Ireland 6, 11

Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2007 (as amended)

Northern Ireland 9

Radioactive Contaminated Land Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006

Northern Ireland 14


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Statutory Nuisances (Appeals) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012

Northern Ireland 12

Statutory Nuisances (Artificial Lighting) (Designation of Relevant Sports) Order (Northern Ireland) 2012

Northern Ireland 12

Sulphur Content of Liquid Fuels Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2007 and 2014 amendment regulations

Northern Ireland 13

Urban Waste Water Treatment (Northern Ireland) Regulations 2007

Northern Ireland 11

Waste Batteries and Accumulators (Charges) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009

Northern Ireland 9

Waste Batteries and Accumulators (Treatment and Disposal) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009

Northern Ireland 9

Waste and Contaminated Land (Northern Ireland) Order 1997

Northern Ireland 14

Water and Sewerage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006

Northern Ireland 11

Water Framework Directive (Priority Substances and Classification) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2011

Northern Ireland 11

Water (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 Northern Ireland 9, 11

Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2007

Northern Ireland 11

Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 Northern Ireland 14

Wildlife and Natural Environment (Northern Ireland) Act 2011

Northern Ireland 14

Action Programme for Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Scotland) Regulations 2008 and Amendment Regulations 2008 and 2009

Scotland 11

Air Quality (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (and 2002 amendment regulations)

Scotland 10

Air Quality Standards (Scotland) Regulations 2010 Scotland 10

Anti-Pollution Works (Scotland) Regulations 2003 Scotland 11

Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 Scotland 15

Contaminated Land (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (as amended)

Scotland 14

Control of Noise (Codes of Practice for Construction and Open Sites) (Scotland) Order 2002

Scotland 12

Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) (Scotland) Regulations 2003

Scotland 11

Designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Scotland) Regulations 2014

Scotland 11

End-of-Life Vehicles (Storage and Treatment) (Scotland) Regulations 2003

Scotland 9

Energy Act 2008 (Storage of Carbon Dioxide) (Scotland) Regulations 2011

Scotland 13

Energy Performance of Buildings (Scotland) Regulations 2008

Scotland 15


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Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 Scotland 2, 14

Environmental Impact Assessment (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2009

Scotland 2

Environmental Information (Scotland) Regulations 2004 (as amended)

Scotland 7

Environmental Liability (Scotland) Regulations 2009 Scotland 3, 6, 11, 14

Environmental Noise (Scotland) Regulations 2006 Scotland 12

Environmental Protection (Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Other Dangerous Substances) (Scotland) Regulations 2000

Scotland 9

Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) (Scotland) Regulations 2014

Scotland 9

Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries (Scotland) Act 1976

Scotland 11

Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) (Scotland) Regulations 2002

Scotland 13

Landfill (Scotland) Regulations 2003 (as amended) Scotland 9

Landfill Tax (Scotland) Act 2014 Scotland 9

Management of Extractive Waste (Scotland) Regulations 2010

Scotland 9

National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000 Scotland 14

Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 Scotland 14

Planning (Control of Major Accident Hazards) (Scotland) Regulations 2005

Scotland 2

Planning (Hazardous Substances) (Scotland) Act 1997

Scotland 13

Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012 (as amended)

Scotland 6, 9, 10

Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002 Scotland 14

Public Health (Scotland) Act 2008 Scotland 6

Public Water Supplies (Scotland) Regulations 2014 Scotland 6, 11

Radioactive Contaminated Land (Scotland) Regulations 2007

Scotland 14

Sewerage (Scotland) Act 1968 Scotland 9, 11

Special Waste Regulations 1996 (as amended) Scotland 9

Statutory Nuisance (Appeals) (Scotland) Regulations 1996

Scotland 12

Storage of Carbon Dioxide (Licensing etc) (Scotland) Regulations 2011

Scotland 13

Sulphur Content of Liquid Fuels (Scotland) Regulations 2007 and 2014 amendment regulations

Scotland 13

Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 Scotland 14

Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Scotland) Regulations 2011

Scotland 2, 14


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Town and Country Planning (Hazardous Substances) (Scotland) Regulations 1993 and amendment regulations

Scotland 3

Urban Waste Water Treatment (Scotland) Regulations 1994

Scotland 11

Waste Batteries (Scotland) Regulations 2009 Scotland 9

Waste (Scotland) Regulations 2012 Scotland 9

Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 (as amended)

Scotland 6, 11

Water Environment (Oil Storage) (Scotland) Regulations 2006

Scotland 11

Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003

Scotland 6, 11

Water Quality (Scotland) Regulations 2010 Scotland 11

Water Resources (Scotland) Act 2013 Scotland 11

Water Services etc (Scotland) Act 2005 Scotland 11

Water Services and Sewerage Services Licences (Scotland) Order 2006

Scotland 11

Wildlife and Natural Environment (Scotland) Act 2011

Scotland 14

Air Quality Standards (Wales) Regulations 2010 Wales 10

Contaminated Land (Wales) Regulations 2006 Wales 14

Control of Noise (Codes of Practice for Construction and Open Sites) (Wales) Order 2002

Wales 12

Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes (Wales) Regulations 2004

Wales 2, 14

Environmental Civil Sanctions (Wales) Order 2010 (as amended)

Wales 6

Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) (Wales) Regulations 2009

Wales 3, 6, 14

Environmental Noise (Wales) Regulations 2006 Wales 12

Hazardous Waste (Wales) Regulations 2005 Wales 9

List of Wastes (Wales) Regulations 2005 Wales 9

National Park Authorities (Wales) Order 1995 Wales 14

Radioactive Contaminated Land (Modification of Enactments) (Wales) Regulations 2006

Wales 14

Town and Country Planning (Local Development) (Wales) Regulations 2004

Wales 14

Town and Country Planning (Local Development) (Wales) Regulations 2005

Wales 14

Water Resources (Control of Pollution) (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) (Wales) Regulations 2010 and Amendment 2010

Wales 11

Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2010 and amendment regulations

Wales 11


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Other relevant references

Notes 1 The 2004 Standard to be updated later in 2015 once the revised Standard has been launched.

3 Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009 are to be revoked and

replaced with 2015 Regulations on 19 July 2015.

4 The 2008 Standard will be updated later in 2015 once the revised Standard has been launched.

5 OHSAS 18001 will be updated to the revised ISO 45001 once this has been released.

Reference title Reference detail eg ISBN number

Element/s

BS 4142:2014 – Methods for rating and assessing industrial and commercial sound

ISBN: 978-0-580-80051-1 12

BS 5228-1:2009 + A1:2014 – Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites

ISBN: 978-0-580-77749-3 12

BS8555:2003 Environmental management systems – guide to the phased implementation of an environmental management system including the use of environmental performance evaluation

ISBN: 0-580-41471-X 3

Emergency planning for major accidents, HSG191

HSE Books, ISBN: 978-0-7176-1695-4 http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg191.pdf

3

Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part 2A Contaminated Land, April 2012, Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/223705/pb13735cont-land-guidance.pdf

14

ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems

3 ISBN: 978-0-5806-8738-9 3

ISO 14001:2004 Environmental management systems

2 ISBN: 978-0-5806-8842-3 1, 3, 4

ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management, Life Cycle Analysis, Principles and framework

ISBN: 0-580-48992-2 2

ISO 9011:2011 – Guidelines for auditing management systems

ISBN: 978-0-580-77524-6 4

Managing for health and safety (HSG65), third edition 2013

HSE Books, ISBN: 978-0-7176-6456-6 http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg65.pdf

3

OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Management

4 ISBN: 978-0-5805-9404-5 3

Planning Advice Note PAN 33 Development of Contaminated Land, 2000, The Scottish Government

http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2000/10/pan33

14

Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development

https://www.planningportal.gov.uk/planning/planningpolicyandlegislation/previousenglishpolicy/ppgpps/pps1

14

http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg191.pdf














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4.2 Unit ED2: Application of environmental risk theory and practice

Learning outcomes

Demonstrate the ability to apply the knowledge and understanding gained from the study of elements of Unit ED1 in a practical environment

Carry out a detailed review of the environmental audit of a workplace or organisation

Critically analyse and evaluate information gathered during the review

Produce a justified action plan to improve performance.

Content

This unit contains no additional syllabus content. However, completion of study for unit ED1 is recommended in order undertake the unit ED2 project.

4.2.1 Purpose and aim The aim of the project is to produce an audit of the environmental performance of an organisation and a report reviewing any issues identified during the audit and recommendations to management in order to address these issues. The focus of the Unit ED2 project should be the application of the knowledge and understanding developed in Unit ED1 to a real workplace situation. Candidates are required to demonstrate the ability to carry out a range of activities that would be expected of an environmental management practitioner.

4.2.2 Marking

Projects will be marked by an internal assessor – a person proposed to NEBOSH by an accredited course provider and approved by NEBOSH. Internal assessors will normally hold Full Membership of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA), or equivalent, and/or the NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management (or equivalent) with relevant experience. A marking sheet will be completed by the internal assessor for each candidate and attached to the candidate’s report. Sufficient time for marking should be allowed so that marked projects reach NEBOSH by the submission deadline (31 January and 31 July each year). Candidates must achieve the pass standard (60%) in this unit in order to satisfy the criteria for the qualification.


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4.2.3 Assessment location

The environmental audit must be carried out in the candidate’s own workplace. Where the candidate does not have access to a suitable workplace, the accredited course provider should be consulted to help in making arrangements for the candidate to carry out the audit at suitable premises. Providers seeking to run the project unit in this way should contact NEBOSH for advice and approval. Candidates do not require supervision when carrying out the project, but the candidate must sign a declaration that the project is their own work. The candidates, employers and internal assessors should be aware that the status of the environmental audit undertaken to fulfil the requirements of unit ED2, which is for educational purposes only. It does not constitute an assessment or audit for the purposes of any legislation or regulations.

4.2.4 Submission of completed work

Sufficient time for marking should be allowed so that marked projects reach NEBOSH by the submission deadline (31 January and 31 July each year). Any project not submitted by the relevant deadline will be declared at zero marks. The candidate will then be required to re-register (and pay the registration fee) at the next standard (or local) sitting date. The accredited course provider should advise the candidate of the latest date by which the completed project must be received by the course provider for marking. It is the responsibility of the course provider to ensure that the completed projects are available to NEBOSH by the submission deadline. Candidates planning to post their projects to the accredited course provider are reminded of the need to guard against loss in the post by sending their work by trackable delivery. Candidates are therefore advised to retain copies of both their completed project and the environmental audit proforma.

4.2.5 Further information

Further detailed information regarding the unit ED2 including forms and mark schemes can be found in a separate guidance document for candidates and accredited course providers available from the NEBOSH website (www.nebosh.org.uk): “Unit ED2: Workplace-based project: Guidance and information for accredited course providers and candidates”.



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5. Sample question paper

5.1 Unit ED1: Management of environmental risk THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

NEBOSH NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT [DATE] 3 hours, 0930 to 1230 10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this period.

This paper contains eight questions. Answer FIVE questions only.

All questions carry equal marks.

The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets.

Start each answer on a new page.

1 (a) Identify how manufacturing activities may contribute to causing

the phenomenon known as the ‘Greenhouse Effect’. (14) (b) Explain how the technique of life cycle analysis may be used to

understand the extent to which a manufactured product contributes to the Greenhouse Effect. (6)

2 Outline reasons why many waste producers are seeking to minimise the

use of landfill as a disposal route for their industrial and commercial waste streams. (20)

3 A manufacturing organisation uses large quantities of organic solvents for

degreasing metal products. Outline the range of measures that could be adopted to minimise

emission of organic solvents to the atmosphere. (20)


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4 Describe the measures an organisation could take to minimise adverse impacts on plant and animal communities (biodiversity). (20)

5 (a) Explain what is meant by the terms: (i) ‘water quality standard’; (4) (ii) ‘water quality objective’. (4) (b) Using a suitable example, explain how a company can use

biological indicators to determine whether an effluent discharge into a river could have a deleterious effect on the ecological balance within the receiving water. (12)

6 Describe appropriate performance indicators that may be used to

measure an organisation’s environmental management performance illustrating your answer with suitable examples. (20)

7 Describe the different pathways through which contaminated land may

affect human and other environmental receptors. (20) 8 Residents claim that dust emanating from a nearby waste transfer station

is damaging their property.

Describe the main grounds for action under civil law that might be available to the residents. (20)

The National ExaminationBoard in OccupationalSafety and Health

Dominus WayMeridian Business ParkLeicester LE19 1QW

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Documents

Edip Guide FINAL v11 June 15 (Exams Dec15 Onwards)162015211114