Dien Hoa Hoc - Chuong 3-2 - Tiet 4

7/24/2019 Dien Hoa Hoc - Chuong 3-2 - Tiet 4

1/38

3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Cng in ca pin

Khi pin lm vic thun nghch nhit ng th cng

in ca pin l cng hu ch cc i Amax !ngin "hi chu#$n h%a 1 mol cht&

Amax !." n#."

'h() ngu#*n l+ , nhit ng h-c& . / 0Amax

$ %n#"


2/38

3.2. Nhit ng hc ca pin v in cc &tt.'

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Phng trnh NERNST nh hng ca nng n E v

Ph(n )ng x(* +a t+,ng pin: aA + bB dD +eEP- ng nhit /ant

0,1:G = -RT ln(K

a/

a)

nFE= RT ln(Ka / a )= RT lnKa -

RTlnab

B

a

A

e

E

d

Da

aa

aa

Fn

TRK

Fn

TRE

.

.ln.

.

.ln

.

.=

=

aA

4"

567

a.a

a.a8n

#.n

-.9""Hay: (Phng Trnh NERNST)


3/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Phng trnh NERNST nh hng ca nng n E v

Ph(n )ng x(* +a incc:

Ox + ne Kh

P- N"9N;- t+ thnh:

=

Ox

Kh

aa

FnTR ln..

0

< 2=,C :

=

Ox

Kh

a

a

n

ln

.

059.00

0& th1 in cc "hi h)t ca c2c c3u t4 56ng 7


4/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

nh hng ca nhit

P- $i> % 048mh,8t? :

$ 0 % -;

PT

)G(.THG += PT

)G(

.THF.E.n

=

PP T

E.T

F.n

H

T

)nFE(

F.n

T

F.n

HE

+

=

=

5-

5"-

#.n

0" +

=

5-

5"

& h 89 nhit ca :;;


5/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

nh hng ca nhit

(tt)

nF

S

T

G

nFdT

dE

P

=

= )(1 0 >@ nhit ca ; t

8 vBi in thiDn 4nt+,p*

n#

;

5-

5 =

/aE: )298T.(dT

d0TT

=

-ng tF @i vBi th in cc:


6/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

th!c "#the$GHt Iim 8,Ji K cL 2 cati,n KhMvKnM

KhMM h4 K &' $ %h#h.

KnMM n4 K &2' $2 %n#n.

KhMM &h%n'4 KnM&3'

$3 %&h%n'#h.

? / =7? @ =,? n*n& $3 $%$2

nhnOh .#.n.#.h.#'.nh& +=

&h%n'.hOn hh% nn.(H thc !th"r)

n4


7/38

/ 5Q:CRc th tiDS chSTn ca CSMOCS vCS2MOCS Ung 7.=2/ v 7.33V/ &t+Jng

thRi chSTn'

GRc Wnh th in cc chSTn caCS2MOCSM


8/38

3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

!c "#$i in c%c

#$n c%c l&'$ :in cc thSYn nghWch cati,nOani,n Z g[m Iim 8,Ji &h,\c phi Iim'nh]ng v, 55 ch)a i,n ca nL

%n+|%& KnMM n4 KA|An'& A M n4 An%

+

+

+=+= nn

K7

K

K7a8n#.n

-.9

a

a

8n#.n

-.9

+=+=nn A

7

A

A7

a

N8n

#.n

-.9

a

a8n

#.n

-.9

^p 5Qng P- N"9N;-:


9/38

/ 5Q:

./it > [ pin in )ng vBi ph(n )ng>aS:_n M CS2M CSMM _n2MGRc Wnh >S`t in ng "

2. Ch, pin >aS X* 2=,C:PbP2M&a 'bbAgM&a 'bAga. -nh >S`t in ng pinF it AgMOAg7.V/d P2MOP %7.2e/. /it ph(n )ng in ccF Iifm t+a ccn, 5ngF cc n, Xm


10/38

3.3. PhXn 8,Ji in cc% mJch in hLa &tt'

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Cc *i in c,c (tt)

#$n c%c l&'$ :im 8,Ji c ph ch`t IhL tan ca chnh nLFnhSng v, 55 ch)a ani,n ca hp ch`t IhL tan

An' |%A |%& KA M n4 KM An%

P- N"9N;-:

+=nA

7

a

N8n

#.n

-.9

c2c in cc 8) 82nh i$n hnh B CD&0 ;in cc !al)m(l& "&|'g("(|'g)Pt

% in cc Jc%c8,+Sa Jc: "&

|*g"|*g


11/38

/ 5Q:/it phng t+nh ph(n )ng x(* +at+,ng pin:

_nb_nC82&a 7.='bAgC8F Ag-nh ",F it ,_n2MO_n %7.V3e/,AgMOAg 7.222j/

-nh " v $F $,


12/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Cc *i in c,c (tt)

#$n c%c l&'$ *:im 8,Ji tip x]c vBi 2 mS@i IhL tan cL chSng ani,nFnh]ng v, 55 ch)a cati,n ca mS@i IhL tan th) hai

%-n+|%-A. %A|% &-KAk -KA'/ 5Q: Ca2M|CaCl3F PCl3|P

++ += 22 ln..

.0/ PbPbPb aFn

TR

Ph(n )ng: PCl3M Ca2MM 24 P M CaCl3

++ == 23

23

23

23

.;.COCaCaCOCOPbPbCO

aaTaaT

++ = 23

3

2 Ca

CaCO

PbCO

Pb a

T

Ta ++= 2ln.

.

.0'Caa

Fn

TR


13/38

/in c,c 0h1

im 8,Ji t+ tip x]c [ng thi vBi Ihv 5Sng 5Wch ch)a i,n ca Ih n*

; [ pin: 0Mb02F Pt

Ph(n )ng in cc: 20MM 24 02Phng t+nh N4+n>t:

+=

+

2

2

ln2 H

Ho

P

a

F

RT

/Bi , 7 &!S* Bc'

2log

2

059.0059.0 HPpH=


14/38

/in c,c *x2; [ pin: l0%bl2F Pt

Ph(n )ng in cc: l2M 202l M j4 jl0%Phng t+nh N4+n>t:

+=

4

2ln

4 OH

Oo

a

P

F

RT

in cc c8,; [ pin: C8%bC82F Pt

Ph(n )ng in cc: C82M 24 2C8%

Phng t+nh N4+n>t:

+=

2

2ln2

Cl

Clo

a

P

F

RT


15/38

/it cng th)c tnh >S`t in ng "ch, pin:

PtF 02b02lbl2F Pt


16/38

/in c,c h3n h4ng

0 g[m hon h@ng ca mt Iim 8,Ji tipx]c vBi 5Sng 5Wch ch)a i,n Iim 8,Ji L.

; [: KnM

bKF 0gPh(n )ng: KnMM n4 K&0g'Phng t+nh N4+>nt:

=

+nM

HgMo

aa

nFRT )(ln

Ch 3 Pi i C


17/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Cc *i in c,c (tt)

in cc oxy ha-kh: (in cc Redox)

Kim l)i tEF nhGng v) CC chHa cI , Cng& )x# h%a v "h4

Kim l)i tEF %ng vai tEJ tEu#n CLn in t4 C) phIn Hng )x#h%a "h4 tE)ng CC gM# Ea

Ox|Kh. 5t : lx M

n4 hP-N"9N;-: ,x

Ih75,x945,x94

a

a8n.#.n

-.9=


18/38

%nO6'.+|%n7+. 5t : Knlj%M 0MM =4 Kn2MM j02l

8e9+|8e7+. 5t : #43MM 4 #42M

/in c,c :ed*x ;n gi tha* qi hLa

t+W i,nF m Ihng cL > tha* qi thnh phrncRc i,n tham gia

=

+

+

3

2

ln

Fe

o

a

a

nF

RTFe

/in c,c :ed*x ph!c tpNg,i in thiDn vs hLa t+WF cn cL > tha* qithnh phrn ch`t ph(n )ng

=

+

+

8

4

2

ln

5 HMnO

o

aa

a

F

RTMn


19/38

C=6O7.+|C=6(O)7.5t :

&OC!Sinhi5+,n'o

o

+ 2H+

+ 2e-=

OH

OH

>#in*n(>)

2d$*?#in*n(>7)

/in c,c>#inhid$*n

=

+

2ln

2HQ

o

aa

a

F

RT Hq

< 2=,C pH059.099!.0 =

ung 5Qng , p0 5Sng 5Wch


20/38

@c ?#2 ch; [:

PF P;ljb02;ljbPl2F PPh(n )ng in cc:Cc Xm: P M ;lj2% P;ljM 24

Cc 5ng: Pl2M j0M

M ;lj2%

M 24 P;ljM 202l;S`t in ng ":

+=

+

2

42

2

24ln

2 OH

HSOo

a

aa

F

RTEE

4224

2 SOHHSO aaa =+it

+=

+=

OH

SOH

OH

SOHo

a

a

a

a

F

RTEE

2

42

2

42 log059.004.2ln

hi ht ngS[n >Jc


21/38

@c ?#2 ch

An)C( =0?An)C( =0? NN))/ OP>Q B/ OP>Q B

R5 O S:TR5 O S:TUU00 000V R5:T000V R5:TUUO SO SOOO ,(0O ,(0

!ath)C( =O?!ath)C( =O? NN)) / O7QW B/ O7QW B

R5TR5T,,O S:TO S:TUU00O > SO > SOOO ,(0O ,(0000V R5:T000V R5:TUUO ,O ,

SS,,TT


22/38

Pin khPin kh

An)C( =0?An)C( =0?

Xn 000V XnXn 000V Xn,O,O O ,(0O ,(0

!ath)C( =O?!ath)C( =O?

, YS, YSUUOO O ,(0 000VO ,(0 000V, YS, YS>> O SO S,,


23/38

i tYp:.-nh >S`t in ng ca ngS*Dn t@$avani >aS:CSbCS;lj&a 7.7' bbCS;lj&a 7.7'b

CS

2. -nh >S`t in ng ca ngS*Dn t@$avani >aS:_nb_nC82&a 7.77='bb C5C82&a 2'bC5it ,C5 %7.j72/d ,_n %7.Ve3/0 >@ h,Jt t+Sng nh ca C5C82v

_nC828rn 8t 8: 7.7jj v 7.V.


24/38

3. Ch, ngS*Dn t@ >aS 2=7,CFPtF C82& atm'bC8% &a 'bb_n2M&a 'b_n

a.-nh ",F nS ,C8 .3==/d ,_n%7.Ve3./it phng t+nh ph(n )ng

c.-nh $,

j. < 2=,CF >S`t in ng " ca pinPF P;ljbCS;lj&7.72 m'bCS

Ung 7.==j/. GRc Wnh h >@ h,Jt t+Sng nh ca CS;ljF it th chSTn ca2 in cc t+Ri v ph(i Ung %7.3= / v

7.33V/

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


25/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Cc *i in c,c (tt)#$n c%c th+y t$nh:

in cc khc:0 ;in cc "h& Kim l)i tEF ti1p xGc vZi "h v i)n ca "h

0 ;in cc h[n h9ng& S\n h9ng ca mt "im l)i ti1p xGc vZi CC chHai)n ca "im l)i %0 v CD&+, h-n h.ng a/ii

pHtttt .059"0'0 =

66 aci5F t+Sng tnhF Iism*S:

pHtttt .059"0'''0 +=

66 Iism mJnh &p02':

Dng c chF thG *p

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


26/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

!c "#$i $ch in h1a,'ch ha h.c- 'ch n0ng 12:KJch hLa hc: pin tJ, thnh 5, 2 in cc IhRc nhaS vs (n

ch`t hLa hc.KJch n[ng : pin tJ, thnh 5, 2 in cc gi@ng nhaS vs (n

ch`t hLa hc nhng IhRc vs h,Jt ca 55 in cc.

Mch c ti- mch khn! ti:]ch c% tIi& CC ca , in cc ti1p xGc nhau ^ua mng x9p t_n ti

th1 "hu1ch t2n]ch "hng tIi& CC ca , in cc "hng ti1p xGc nhau tEc ti1p` v CD

84 CDng cu mu9i` mch "bp l)i 5 th1 "hu1ch t2n

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


27/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Cc *i ch in hHa

(tt)Mch th"#n n!h$ch %& khn! th"#n n!h$ch:0 : 'Y v iu "in lm vic& Khi h)t ng N lZn hFn B mt ldeng v

cfng nh& t9c lm vic v cfng chm

0 : 'Y ca chnh 5In thMn mch& xI# Ea th() chiu n) tf# hiu inth1 t2c ng&

't in *aco+i- ,aniell:

0 Y1u B V N & mch in phMn

Xn,OO !uXn O !u,O0 Y1u B N & pin in

Xn O !u,OXn,OO !u

pin n# l mch 'Y

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


28/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Cc *i ch in hHa

(tt)Mch th"#n n!h$ch %& khn! th"#n n!h$ch:(tt)'t in : =0? Xn |!u:TU|!u =O?

0 Y1u B V N & mch in phMn

Xn,O

O !uXn O !u,O

0 Y1u B N & 'E)ng CC "hng c% Xn,O` n*n !u "1t ta ti =0? !u hJatan ti =O?

!u O !u,O!u,OO !u

pin n# l mch "hng 'Y

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


29/38

3.j. in th IhSch tRn

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

'_n ti tE)ng mch c% tIi` ti Eanh giZi ti1p xGc gia hai CC in cc

Nguyn nhn: C) linh "h2c nhau ca cati)n` ani)nxu3t hin lZpin tch "bpxu3t hin 5dZc nhI# th1 ;in th1 "hu1ch t2n

34 56: GHt mJch:2&3Ag |AgYT>=a? 4AgYT>=a?|Ag 253 =BZi a- a?I

0AgYT>"hu1ch t2n t =O? 8ang =0?

0inh YT>0V linh AgOYT>0i^ua mng x9p nhanh hFn 5*n tE2i

mng x9p tch in =0?` 5*n phIi tchin =O? 6t

0.i2 tE ca 0t"h)Ing vi chDc mB

(')Ag (+)Ag

''''

'

++++

+

AgJO9(a) AgJO9(a7)

t+t'

8

0t

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


30/38

3.j. in th IhSch tRn &tt'

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Ittawi "" +=

N4RS t% tM

tyc %M

th It 7 /aE "tawi"

N4RS t% ktM

tyc %kM

th Itk 7 /aE "tawik"

N4RS t%

tM

tyc %

M

th It 7 /aE "tawi

"

'

''

ln

+

+

+

=

a

a

F

RTkt

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


31/38

3.j. in th IhSch tRn &tt'

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

7in 8h!8 "#$i tr9 It

0 ,n! c." m"/i:CC m jc ca mt mu9i c%linh cati)n v ani)n gn 56ngnhau tE)ng CC "() aga B` YSU!l` YSUYT>` It"hng 2ng "$

0 0o mch k: )i 5 h)n t)n It

2&3AgÀg!l |S!l=a? 4S!l=a?|Ag!lÀg 253I

2&3AgÀg!l |S!l=a?|7. 5t. 7|S!l=a?|Ag!lÀg253

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


32/38

3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;'

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Phng 8h!8 # S++

wx EAC

ACE .

'=

E7: 8$n 9! c S## 1 ;$n

1?nh ;@n AB$ thC$ g$anD 8$n"t&n

pin LeMt*n&&%' OC hon h@ng Ca5imi&M' OC th* ngXn 8,Ji 2

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


33/38

3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;'

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Nng dng P * p

!"y2n t3c:

;) :;; ca pin g_m&

0 ;in cc c% k 5i1t& in cc !al)m(l` in cc 5c

0 ;in cc c% phD thuc pS ca CC @ in cc ch th&in cc S#CE)` in cc ^uinh#CE)n` in cc th# tinh

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


34/38

3.=. ung 5Qng ca phHp , >)c in ng&;' &tt'

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Nng dng P * p (tt)

&%'0gF 0g2C82b C8 bb 0M&x'b zi4{n c|c thSw* tinh &M'

ca8

7

ttca8tt p07=cF7" ==

059"0

E#H $%l

0&& =

I: Ih,Xng 5SEng phS| gia I4Em th4,.c $"I:54} v~ v maEng thSw* tinh m,wng 7F7 Z 7F73

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


35/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

:ng /;ng . h#$t tr?ng @nh 2

3

45 d6: 2c inh

ca CC S!l n_ng m

p pin& 2&3Pt) '(2A at3 B '" 23 B 'g("() 'g 253

RhIn Hng& Sg,!l,O S,/ ,Sg O ,S!l

:Hc in ng&

0C87

0

20C87 a8n

#

-.9"

P

a8n.

#2

-.9""

2

==

)..ln(.

2ln. 020

F

TREa

F

TRE HCl ==

'8n&.#

-.92'm.8n&

#

-.92"" 7 =

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


36/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

:ng /;ng . h#$t tr?ng @nh 2

32tt3

0 Y1u 5i1t N)& ;) N` x2c inh

'8n&.#

-.92'm.8n&

#

-.92"" 7 =

0 Y1u chda 5i1t N)& 5i1n \i =? thnh&

=?

'8n&.#

-.9

2"'m.8n

-.9

2" 7

=+ CDKhi mP &

7 n*n oN)

B _ th o0m ` ng)ai 8u# ti m/ P thu dec N)

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


37/38


Chng 3: Pin v in Cc

Nng dng P Qc Gnh t1ch M4 tan (R)45 d6: x2c inh- ca Ag!l

p pin& (') Ag. AgC S C S C7. 5t(+)

RhIn Hng& + AgC8AgC82N 2 = C8FAgOAgC8C8OC82

" ( ) =ClClAgAgClClClCl

aa lg059"0lg059"0 0"/

0

/2

'a li c%& AgC87

AgOAg

7

C8FAgOAgC8 -8g7=cF7+= +

Y*n& ( ) AgC87 AgOAg7

C8OC8 -8g7=cF7"

2= +

/VccF7d/3=FN 7AgOAg

7

C8OC82== +

d "z, F3e/ RAgC T.UUxV'V

Chng 3: Pin v in Cc


38/38

3.e. NgS[n in hLa hc

g

0!"7n 8in 9 c- in& ch Cfng mtln 45 d6: pin "h a !lanchb =Xn0!?

0!"7n 8in th; c- ac

Documents

Dien Hoa Hoc - Chuong 3-2 - Tiet 4