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3D FORMULAS
• By default, formulas refer to data in the same sheet.
• Using cell references across sheets, we can create 3d formulas.
• Example: “=10*( 'Education and Income'!H30/ C7)”• The above example divides content of cell
“H30” in sheet “Education and Income” by contents of cell C7 and multiplies the result by 10.
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CHARTS
• Charts are visual representations of data.• Important Chart Terms
– Chart Area: entire chart– Plot Area: area where data is displayed– Title: brief description of chart– X-axis: labels and scale or category– Y-axis: labels and scale or category– Legend: labels for colors used
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TYPES OF CHARTS
• Column/Bar Charts– Clustered– Stacked– 100% Stacked
• Line Charts– Simple– Stacked– 100% Stacked
• Pie Charts– Simple– Exploded Pie– Pie of Pie– Bar of Pie
• Area Charts– Like line charts, but
area below line is filled
• Scatter Plot
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MORE CHART TYPES
• Stock Charts– High-Low-Close– Open-High-Low-Close
(candlestick)– With or without volume
(how many shares were traded) data
• Surface Chart– 3D plot of two
variables per category
• Doughnut Chart– Like pie chart, but can
show multiple data series
• Bubble Chart– Like scatter chart, but
shows three variables.– The 3rd variable
controls the size of the bubble
• Radar Chart
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PRINTING CHARTS
• Embedded Chart– Must decide whether to print just the chart or
the entire sheet
• Chart Sheet– Print Active Sheets– Print Entire Workbook
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SPARKLINES
• Miniature chart in a single cell• Provides a simple visual illustration of the
data• Insert->Sparkline
– Line– Column– Win/Loss
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TRENDLINES
• Right click on data series within chart– Add Trendline
• Types of trendlines– Exponential– Linear (most common)– Logarithmic– Polynomial– Power– Moving Average
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OUTLINES/GROUPS
• Groups allow you to hide raw data while you work with the calculations derived from that data
• You can group rows or columns• Easily hide and unhide large chunks of
data• Data->Group
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GROUP SUBTOTALS
• Allows you to aggregate groups of data using one of several functions– Sum– Average– Variance– Standard Deviation– Min/Max– Count
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USING GROUP SUBTOTALS
• Sort the data by the group identifier• Does not work on tables• Data->Subtotal• Select the sorted column for “At each
change in:”• Select your aggregation function• Select which columns to subtotal
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PIVOT TABLES
• Insert->PivotTable• Ensure the range is correct• Select target location (new worksheet or
existing worksheet)
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ADDING COLUMNS
• Click check mark to add column• Automatically aggregates with SUM(), but
you can choose a different function
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UPDATING PIVOT TABLES
• PivotTables do not automatically update if you change the source data
• You can force a refresh via PivotTable Tools->Options->Refresh
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PIVOT TABLE OPTIONS
• Sorting– Click a cell in the column you would like to
sort by, then PivotTable Tools->Options->Sort
• Filters– Report Filters: drag the field to the “Report
Filter” area, select desired values in B1– Group Filters: Select dropdown arrow on row
or column labels, select desired values
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SLICERS
• Slicers provide quick buttons to filter the PivotTable
• PivotTable Tools->Options->Insert Slicer• Select field you want buttons for
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CALCULATED FIELDS
• A calculated field is not found in the original data set
• PivotTable Tools->Options->Fields, Items, & Sets->Calculated Field
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PIVOT TABLE FORMATTING
• PivotTable Tools->Design• Layouts
– Subtotals– Grand Totals– Compact/Outline/Tabular
• Styles
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PIVOT CHARTS
• A PivotChart is a graphical representation of the PivotTable
• To create a PivotChart, click within the PivotTable then PivotTable Tools->Options->PivotChart
• Same chart types as usual• Chart adjusts to match the PivotTable
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EDITING PIVOT CHARTS
• PivotChart Tools->Design– Allows you to choose a chart style and
change chart type
• PivotChart Tools->Layout– Allows you to change layout options
• PivotChart Tools->Format• PivotChart Tools->Analyze
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SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS
• SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)– range specifies the range of cells you want to
check against the criteria– criteria specifies the condition you want to match– sum_range specifies the range to sum that
contains the data to sum
• AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)• COUNTIF(range, criteria)
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MULTIPLE CRITERION
• SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2,…)
• AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, …)
• COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, …)
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RELATIVE STANDING
• Rank– RANK.EQ: shared rank for ties– RANK.AVG: average rank for ties
• PercentRank– PERCENTRANK.INC: includes 0 and 1– PERCENTRANK.EXC: excludes 0 and 1
• Quartile– QUARTILE.INC: includes top and bottom values– QUARTILE.EXC: excludes top and bottom values
• Percentile– PERCENTILE.INC: includes the 0th and 100th percentiles– PERCENTILE.EXC: excludes the 0th and 100th percentiles
