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REMINDER
• MYITLab Lesson B due Today• Homework 2 is Due on 18th September• MYITLab Lesson A still not completed by all.• Homework 1 only 60% submissions• Don’t Submit Twice• Read Instructions Carefully• Proxies for in class projects will be given as
0 to all participants.
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RELATIVE STANDING
• Rank– RANK.EQ: shared rank for ties– RANK.AVG: average rank for ties
• PercentRank– PERCENTRANK.INC: includes 0 and 1– PERCENTRANK.EXC: excludes 0 and 1
• Quartile– QUARTILE.INC: includes top and bottom values– QUARTILE.EXC: excludes top and bottom values
• Percentile– PERCENTILE.INC: includes the 0th and 100th percentiles– PERCENTILE.EXC: excludes the 0th and 100th percentiles
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NESTED IF
• IF functions can be nested• For example:
– A store gives its employees commission based on sales
– For sales <= $1000, they earn 5%– For sales > $1000 and <= $5000, they earn
7.5%– For sales > $5000, they earn 10%– IF(sales <= 1000, sales*0.05, IF(sales <= 5000,
sales*0.075, sales*0.10))
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LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
• Logical functions accept True and False values• AND(logical1, logical2)
– Returns True if logical1 AND logical2 are both True, False otherwise
• OR(logical1, logical2)– Returns True if either logical1 OR logical2 is True,
False otherwise
• NOT(logical)– Returns the opposite of logical. True -> False,
False->True
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MATCH
• MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])– Looks up the position of lookup_value in
lookup_array– match_type: 1 finds the largest value <=
lookup_value from an array in ascending order; -1 finds the smallest value >= lookup_value from an array in descending order; 0 finds an exact match for lookup_value
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INDEX
• INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])– Returns the value in array in the row specified
by row_num– If the array range has multiple columns, you
can specify which column you want to index by specifying the column_num argument
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MATCH/INDEX EXAMPLE
• We have sales per city for a company• We would like to know
– What are the lowest sales numbers for any city?
– What is the city of lowest sales?
• Do calculate this we will also calculate– What is the position of the city with the lowest
sales in our list?
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NESTING FUNCTIONS GRAPHICALLY
• Open the dialog for your outermost function• Click the argument box where the nested
function is needed• Click the Name Box arrow to select the
function you need• Enter the arguments for the nested function• Click the name of the outer function in the
formula bar to return to the outer function’s dialog box
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ADVANCED FILTERING
• Create a Criterion Range– Copy the labels from the table and add conditions
for any fields you want to restrict– Multiple rows of conditions will create an OR filter
• Data->Sort & Filter->Advanced– Filter in-place or Copy– Select data range– Select criterion range– Select location if copying
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DSUM, DAVERAGE, DMAX, DMIN, DCOUNT
• DSUM(data_range, field_name, criteria_range)
• Same arguments for the other functions– data_range specifies the table we want to
aggregate data from– field_name specifies the label above the
column we would like to aggergate– criteria_range specifies the range with your
criteria (like advanced filtering)
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FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS
• IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv)– Calculates the interest for a specific payment period
• PPMT(rate, per, nper, pv)– Calculates the principal repayment for a specific
payment period
• CUMIPMT(rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)– Calculates the cumulative interest paid
• CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)– Calculates the cumulative principal repaid
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PV AND FV
• PV(rate, nper, pmt)– Calculates the present value of future
payments
• FV(rate, nper, pmt)– Calculates the future value of an investment
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WHAT-IF ANALYSIS
• What-If Analysis is a process of experimenting with different variables and assumptions to observe how they affect the results of the situation– We will see examples of one-variable analysis
and two-variable analysis
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ONE VARIABLE ANALYSIS
• The variable you will be investigating will be tried for several different substitution values.– For example, changing the interest rate on a
loan– Calculate the desired value for each possible
substitution value
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SERIES
• Home->Editing->Fill->Series– Creates series of values you can use as
substitution values• Step value: distance between values• Stop value: where you want the series to stop
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WHAT-IF TOOL
• Data->Data Tools->What-If Analysis->Data Table– Select the reference for the cell you want to
replace• If your series is in rows, use ‘Row input cell’• If your series in in columns, use ‘Column input cell’
– Click Ok to complete the table
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TWO VARIABLE WHAT-IF
• Similar to one variable• One variable goes in the first column, the
other in the top row• Can only calculate results for one formula
(In one variable analysis you can do any number of formulas. We did individual payments and cumulative payments.)
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TWO VARIABLE WHAT-IF EXAMPLE
• Setup your variables in the first column and top row
• Add a formula in the empty cell in the variable row and column
• Use the What-If Data Table tool, specifying both the row and column input cells– Data->Data Tools->What-If Analysis->Data
Table
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GOAL SEEK
• Goal seek allows you to alter one variable to obtain the desired result of a single equation
• Data->Data Tools->What-If Analysis->Goal Seek
• Example:– You want to buy a car for $15,000. You are
able to obtain a 5 year loan at 6% APR. You would like your monthly payment to be $200. How large of a down payment must you make?
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SCENARIO MANAGER
• Scenario Manager is a what-if analysis tool that allows you to define up to 32 scenarios to compare their effects on calculated results
• Data->Data Tools->What-If Analysis->Scenario Manager
• Example: Profit calculations for a business based on units sold, production cost per unit, shipping cost per unit
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ADDING SCENARIOS
• Data->Data Tools->What-If Analysis->Scenario Manager
• Add…– Scenario name– Changing cells– Set values for each cell
• Example:– Best Case: 75,000 units, $38/unit production cost,
$0.30/unit shipping cost– Likely Case: 50,000, $42.95, $0.5– Worst Case: 25,000, $48, $0.75
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WORKING WITH SCENARIOS
• Delete• Edit• Show• Summary
– Regular summary– PivotTable summary
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SOLVER
• Solver is similar to goal seek, but it allows multiple input values to change
• Solver is an Add-In, so it must be loaded before you can use it– File->Options->Add-Ins->Manage: Excel Add-
Ins-> Go…– Check “Solver Add-in”-> OK
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SOLVER EXAMPLE
• Maximize profits for cabinet door manufacture by selecting how many of each door type to produce
• Changing Variables (green)• Objective (blue)• Constraints (red)
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EXAMPLE CONTINUED
• Data->Analysis->Solver• Specify Objective
– Max, min, or specific value
• Specify cells to vary• Specify constraints
– Single cells or ranges– Include non-negativity constraints
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SOLVING
• Chose a solving method:– GRG Nonlinear: guaranteed local optimal– Simplex LP: guaranteed global optimal, must
be linear– Evolutionary: good solutions for non smooth
functions
• Solve
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HYPERLINKS
• Insert->Links->Hyperlink– Inserts a link to a:
• File/Document• Web site• Email address
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3D FORMULAS
• 3D formulas are formulas that use references from other sheets– ‘Worksheet name’!Range
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TEMPLATES
• File->New->– Recent Templates– Sample Templates– My Templates– Office.com Templates
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CELL STYLES
• Home->Styles->Cell Styles– Existing Styles– New Styles
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QUESTIONS
• This is the last lecture on Excel. If you have any questions you want answered before the exam, ask now.
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NEXT CLASS
• Introductory Database concepts
