8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

1/29

Principles of Immunology

Cytokines2/2/06

Live simply so others can simply live.

Anonymous

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

2/29

Word List

Autocrine

Endocrine

Immunoglobulin superfamily Interleukin

Paracrine

Pleiotropy Stem cell factor

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

3/29

Chemical Structure

Low molecular weight proteins,

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

4/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

5/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

6/29

Names of Cytokines

Source

e.g.,Lymphokines

Function

e.g.,Chemokines

Intercellular action

e.g., Interleukins

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

7/29

Action of Cytokines

Autocrine Affects the generating cell (self)

Paracrine Affects cells in the immediate vicinity

Endocrine Affects cells remote from the secreting

cell

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

8/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

9/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

10/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

11/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

12/29

Cytokine-generating Cells

Innate immunity Macrophages

Endothelial cells

Fibroblasts

Adaptive immunity

T lymphocytes Macrophages

NK cells

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

13/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

14/29

Cytokine Receptors

Ig super family

Class I- hematopoietin

Class II-interferon

TNF

Chemokine

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

15/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

16/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

17/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

18/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

19/29

Cytokine Receptors

Multimeric receptors

Common signal-transducing subunits

Unique high affinity subunits

High affinity subunits associated with

activation of target cell

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

20/29

Signal Transduction

Initiated by cytokine binding

Activates JAK (Janus kinase)

Phosphorylation of tyrosine Binding of STAT(Signal transducers

and activators of transcription)

Translocation of STAT to cells DNA

Transcription of specific target genes

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

21/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

22/29

Role of Cytokines inHematopoiesis

SCF (Stem cell factor)

GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage

colony-stimulating factor) IL-3 (Interleukin 3)

IL-5 (Interleukin 5)

IL-7 (Interleukin 7)

IL-11(Interleukin 11)

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

23/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

24/29

Cytokines in the Immune Response

Innate immune response

IL 1-(Macrophage)-fever, capillary effects

IL 6-(Macrophage)-adaptive immunity via B cells

IL 12(Macrophage)-adaptive immunity via Thelper cells

TNF (Macrophage)-capillary effects, activatesneutrophils

IFN alpha (Macrophage)-multiple effects

IFN beta (Fibroblasts)-multiple effects

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

25/29

Cytokines in the Immune Response

Adaptive immune response

IL 2-(T cells)-multiple effects)

IL 4-(T cells & mast cells)-T celldifferentiation, IgE production

TGF beta (T cells, macrophages)-inhibits adaptive immune response

IFN gamma-(T cells, NK cells)-Macrophage activation

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

26/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

27/29

Subsets of T helper Cells

T helper 1 IgG production/Complement fixation

Macrophage activation

DTH CTL production

T helper 2 IgE production Eosinophils

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

28/29

8/2/2019 cytokines (3)

29/29

Cytokine antagonism and viraldiseases

Using cytokines therapeutically