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Section 6 cytokines. Chapter 1 introduction. CYTOKINE (CK). Many critical interactions among cells of IS are controlled by soluble mediators (CK) A diverse group of intercellular signaling peptide and glycoproteins with small MW. Several hundred have been identified to date - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Section 6Section 6
cytokinescytokines
Chapter 1Chapter 1
introductionintroduction
CYTOKINE (CK)CYTOKINE (CK)
Many critical interactions among Many critical interactions among cells of IS are controlled by solucells of IS are controlled by soluble mediators (CK)ble mediators (CK)
A diverse group of intercellular sA diverse group of intercellular signaling peptide and glycoproteiignaling peptide and glycoproteins with small MWns with small MW
Several hundred have been identified Several hundred have been identified to dateto date
The source of CKThe source of CK– Immune cellsImmune cells
– Other non-immune cellsOther non-immune cells
– some tumor cellssome tumor cells
Be secreted by particular cell Be secreted by particular cell types in response to a variety of types in response to a variety of stimulistimuli
Produces characteristic effects on Produces characteristic effects on the growth , mobility, the growth , mobility, differentiation, or function of differentiation, or function of target cellstarget cells
Multiple functionsMultiple functions regulate immune and inflammatory rregulate immune and inflammatory r
esponsesesponses healing, hematopoiesis, angiogenesihealing, hematopoiesis, angiogenesi
s, et als, et al
Potent compounds with low Potent compounds with low concentrationconcentration
By binding to specific surface By binding to specific surface receptors on target cellsreceptors on target cells
Produced locally by a variety of Produced locally by a variety of tissues and cellstissues and cells
Most CK act in paracrine or autoMost CK act in paracrine or autocrine mannercrine manner
Only a few CK act in endocrine Only a few CK act in endocrine mannermanner
Classification
lymphokines: the CK produced lymphokines: the CK produced by lymphocytesby lymphocytes
monokines: the CK produced by monokines: the CK produced by monocytes or macrophagesmonocytes or macrophages
Complexity of effects
may be secreted individually or may be secreted individually or coordinated response along with coordinated response along with other, unrelated cytokinesother, unrelated cytokines
Overlap extensively Overlap extensively AntagonisticAntagonistic
OverlapOverlap
coordinatedcoordinated
AntagonisticAntagonistic
Chapter 2Chapter 2
classification and classification and biological activities biological activities of CKof CK
classification interleukinsinterleukins tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor interferoninterferon hematopoietic colony stimulationg hematopoietic colony stimulationg
factorsfactors transforming growth factortransforming growth factor chemokineschemokines
Interleukins (IL)Interleukins (IL)
Been assigned a numberBeen assigned a numberMainly produced by leukocyteMainly produced by leukocyteSome are produced by other cell Some are produced by other cell
populationspopulations
IL-2IL-2
An autocrine and paracrine An autocrine and paracrine grogrowth factorwth factor secreted by activated secreted by activated T cellT cell
has very short half-life in the cirhas very short half-life in the circulation , mainly autocrine and pculation , mainly autocrine and paracrine aracrine
IL-2IL-2
critical for activating all types of critical for activating all types of acquired immune responsesacquired immune responses
Be essential for clonal T cell prolBe essential for clonal T cell proliferation iferation
IL-2IL-2
apoptosis of T cell after apoptosis of T cell after prolonged or repeated activationprolonged or repeated activation
Two-edged sword that initiates Two-edged sword that initiates IR but also limits their intensity IR but also limits their intensity and durationand duration
tumor necrosis factor, TNFtumor necrosis factor, TNF
• TNF-αand TNF-βTNF-αand TNF-β
• Induce hemorrhagic necrosis of Induce hemorrhagic necrosis of certain tumorscertain tumors
• Wasting syndrome (cachexia)Wasting syndrome (cachexia)
• Take part in IRTake part in IR
interferon, IFNinterferon, IFN
IFN-IFN-// (type )Ⅰ (type )Ⅰ
and IFN-and IFN- (type )Ⅱ (type )Ⅱ
antivirus anti-tumor immune regulation---- typeⅡtypeⅡ
typeⅠtypeⅠ
colony stimulating factor, colony stimulating factor, CSFCSF
support the production of particular mature support the production of particular mature blood cell types from pluripotent stem cells blood cell types from pluripotent stem cells or committed progenitors in the bone marroor committed progenitors in the bone marroww
Granulocyte-CSF, G-CSFGranulocyte-CSF, G-CSF monocyte-CSF, m-CSFmonocyte-CSF, m-CSF erythropoietin, EPOerythropoietin, EPO
Transforming growth factor, Transforming growth factor, (GF(GF))
As a growth factor for fibroblasts thAs a growth factor for fibroblasts that promoted wound healingat promoted wound healing
As a negative regulator of immunity As a negative regulator of immunity and hematopoiesisand hematopoiesis
chemokineschemokines
Chemoattractant activity for monocytes and neutrophiles
Multifunctional Have little or no effect on cell proli
feration
chemotaxis