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Section 6 Section 6 cytokines cytokines

Section 6 cytokines

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Section 6 cytokines. Chapter 1 introduction. CYTOKINE (CK). Many critical interactions among cells of IS are controlled by soluble mediators (CK) A diverse group of intercellular signaling peptide and glycoproteins with small MW. Several hundred have been identified to date - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Section 6 cytokines

Section 6Section 6

cytokinescytokines

Page 2: Section 6 cytokines

Chapter 1Chapter 1

introductionintroduction

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CYTOKINE (CK)CYTOKINE (CK)

Many critical interactions among Many critical interactions among cells of IS are controlled by solucells of IS are controlled by soluble mediators (CK)ble mediators (CK)

A diverse group of intercellular sA diverse group of intercellular signaling peptide and glycoproteiignaling peptide and glycoproteins with small MWns with small MW

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Several hundred have been identified Several hundred have been identified to dateto date

The source of CKThe source of CK– Immune cellsImmune cells

– Other non-immune cellsOther non-immune cells

– some tumor cellssome tumor cells

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Be secreted by particular cell Be secreted by particular cell types in response to a variety of types in response to a variety of stimulistimuli

Produces characteristic effects on Produces characteristic effects on the growth , mobility, the growth , mobility, differentiation, or function of differentiation, or function of target cellstarget cells

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Multiple functionsMultiple functions regulate immune and inflammatory rregulate immune and inflammatory r

esponsesesponses healing, hematopoiesis, angiogenesihealing, hematopoiesis, angiogenesi

s, et als, et al

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Potent compounds with low Potent compounds with low concentrationconcentration

By binding to specific surface By binding to specific surface receptors on target cellsreceptors on target cells

Produced locally by a variety of Produced locally by a variety of tissues and cellstissues and cells

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Most CK act in paracrine or autoMost CK act in paracrine or autocrine mannercrine manner

Only a few CK act in endocrine Only a few CK act in endocrine mannermanner

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Classification

lymphokines: the CK produced lymphokines: the CK produced by lymphocytesby lymphocytes

monokines: the CK produced by monokines: the CK produced by monocytes or macrophagesmonocytes or macrophages

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Complexity of effects

may be secreted individually or may be secreted individually or coordinated response along with coordinated response along with other, unrelated cytokinesother, unrelated cytokines

Overlap extensively Overlap extensively AntagonisticAntagonistic

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OverlapOverlap

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coordinatedcoordinated

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AntagonisticAntagonistic

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Chapter 2Chapter 2

classification and classification and biological activities biological activities of CKof CK

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classification interleukinsinterleukins tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor interferoninterferon hematopoietic colony stimulationg hematopoietic colony stimulationg

factorsfactors transforming growth factortransforming growth factor chemokineschemokines

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Interleukins (IL)Interleukins (IL)

Been assigned a numberBeen assigned a numberMainly produced by leukocyteMainly produced by leukocyteSome are produced by other cell Some are produced by other cell

populationspopulations

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IL-2IL-2

An autocrine and paracrine An autocrine and paracrine grogrowth factorwth factor secreted by activated secreted by activated T cellT cell

has very short half-life in the cirhas very short half-life in the circulation , mainly autocrine and pculation , mainly autocrine and paracrine aracrine

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IL-2IL-2

critical for activating all types of critical for activating all types of acquired immune responsesacquired immune responses

Be essential for clonal T cell prolBe essential for clonal T cell proliferation iferation

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IL-2IL-2

apoptosis of T cell after apoptosis of T cell after prolonged or repeated activationprolonged or repeated activation

Two-edged sword that initiates Two-edged sword that initiates IR but also limits their intensity IR but also limits their intensity and durationand duration

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tumor necrosis factor, TNFtumor necrosis factor, TNF

• TNF-αand TNF-βTNF-αand TNF-β

• Induce hemorrhagic necrosis of Induce hemorrhagic necrosis of certain tumorscertain tumors

• Wasting syndrome (cachexia)Wasting syndrome (cachexia)

• Take part in IRTake part in IR

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interferon, IFNinterferon, IFN

IFN-IFN-// (type )Ⅰ (type )Ⅰ

and IFN-and IFN- (type )Ⅱ (type )Ⅱ

antivirus anti-tumor immune regulation---- typeⅡtypeⅡ

typeⅠtypeⅠ

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colony stimulating factor, colony stimulating factor, CSFCSF

support the production of particular mature support the production of particular mature blood cell types from pluripotent stem cells blood cell types from pluripotent stem cells or committed progenitors in the bone marroor committed progenitors in the bone marroww

Granulocyte-CSF, G-CSFGranulocyte-CSF, G-CSF monocyte-CSF, m-CSFmonocyte-CSF, m-CSF erythropoietin, EPOerythropoietin, EPO

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Transforming growth factor, Transforming growth factor, (GF(GF))

As a growth factor for fibroblasts thAs a growth factor for fibroblasts that promoted wound healingat promoted wound healing

As a negative regulator of immunity As a negative regulator of immunity and hematopoiesisand hematopoiesis

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chemokineschemokines

Chemoattractant activity for monocytes and neutrophiles

Multifunctional Have little or no effect on cell proli

feration

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chemotaxis