1. Introduction of cytokines 2. Classification of cytokines 3.
Cytokine receptors 4. Biological activities of cytokines 5.
Biological products derived from cytokines and their receptors
Cytokines Slide 2 1961BloomLymphocytes could secrete some soluble
molecules that are not immunoglobulins molecules that are not
immunoglobulins 1969DumondeLymphokine, LK; Monokine, MK
1977CohenCytokine, CK 1979IUISInterleukine, IL Section 1
Introduction of Cytokines Slide 3 Cytokines Low-molecular-weight
proteins secreted by various types of cells and exerting biological
activities through binding to cognate receptors on cell surface
Low-molecular-weight peptides secreted by activated immune cells as
well as stromal cells and possessing biological functions Slide 4 1
Denomination of Cytokines monokine lymphokine colony stimulating
factor CSF interleukin IL interferon IFN tumor necrosis factor, TNF
growth factor GF chemokine Slide 5 Paracrine Paracrine Autocrine
Autocrine Endocrine Endocrine 2 The Action Mode and Characteristics
of Cytokine Function Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Characteristics of
Cytokine Function Characteristics of Cytokine Function Pleiotropy
Redundancy Antagonism Synergy Slide 9 Common Properties of
Cytokines 1. Physico-chemical property low molecular weight,
glycoprotein of secreting type monomer form in the majority 2.
Secreting protein: autocrine paracrine endocrine 3. Transient and
self-restricted synthesis
signallingtranscriptionexpressionsecretion 4. Multiple sources
species and status of cells types of CKs 5. Network display effects
combined with other CKs 6. High performance mediated by receptors
high affinity 7. Non-specificity without specific binding of Ag, Ab
or MHC Slide 10 Interleukin IL Interferon IFN Tumor necrosis factor
TNF Colony stimulating factor CSF Chemokine Growth factor GF
Section 2 Classification of Cytokines Slide 11 1 Interleukin The
term Inerleukin originally refers to cytokines that are produced by
one leukocyte and act on another leukocyte. It can be produced by
other cells, and act on cells of other types. 31 kinds of
interleukins have been found, denoted IL-1 ~ IL-31. Slide 12 2
Interferon It is the first discovered cytokine, designated as IFN
based on its capability of interfering infection and replication of
viruses. It is divided into three types, including , and . IFN- and
IFN- together as type I IFN are mainly produced by plasmacytoid
dendritic cells as well as cells with virus infection. IFN- ,
referred to as type II IFN, is principally secreted by activated T
cells and NK cells. Slide 13 3 Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF is a
molecule found in 1975, which can lead to hemorrhage and necrosis
in the tumor. Its family consists of 18 members, such as TNF- ,
CD40L and FasL. Slide 14 4 Colony Stimulating Factor It is the
factor that is able to stimulate the proliferation and
differentiation of multipotent hemopoietic stem cells and
hemopoietic progenitor cells in different development stages and
form cell colony in semisolid culture. CSF includes GM-CSF, G-CSF,
EPO, SCF, TPO and so on. Slide 15 5 Chemokine Chemokines constitute
a protein family, whose molecular weight is generally between 8 and
10kDa. Their chief function are to recruit monocytes, neutrophils
and lymphocytes from blood into infection sites. Based on the
number and positioning of cysteine, chemokines are subclassified
into 4 groups, CC, CXC, C and CX 3 C group. Slide 16 Slide 17 6
Growth Factor GF is able to stimulate cell growth, including
members of TGF- , EGF, VEGF, FGF, NGF and PDGF. Slide 18
Classification of cytokine receptors: Type I cytokine receptor
family Type II cytokine receptor family Tumor necrosis factor
receptor superfamily Chemokine receptor family Section 3 Cytokine
Receptors Slide 19 Slide 20 Section 4 Biological Activities of
Cytokines Slide 21 1 Antimicrobial Effect IL-1 activate vascular
endothelial cells TNF- increase permeability of blood vessel IL-6
activate lymphocytes, enhance production of antibody IL-8 recruit
neutrophils and T lymphocytes into sites of infection IL-12:
activate NK cells, promote differentiation of Th1 cells Slide 22
Slide 23 2 Antiviral Effect IFN- and IFN- make antiviral proteinase
produced in cells, stimulate expression of MHC I molecule on the
surface of cells with virus infection IFN- stimulate expression of
MHC I molecule on the surface of cells with virus infection,
promote virus-infected cell death mediated by CTL, enhance activity
of NK cell Slide 24 Slide 25 3 Regulate Specific Immune Response
Recognition and activation stage: some cytokines can stimulate
proliferation of immune cells. Effect stage: several cytokines are
able to stimulate immune cells to eliminate antigenic material.
Under certain conditions, a few cytokines exhibit suppressive
activities in immune system. Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide 28 4 Stimulate
Hematogenesis GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF IL-7, EPO IL-6, IL-11, TPO Slide
29 Slide 30 Slide 31 Slide 32 5 Promote Angiogenesis Several CXC
chemokine, IL-8 and FGF can stimulate vasculogenesis. Slide 33
Slide 34 Section 5 Biological Products Derived From Cytokines and
Their Receptors Slide 35 1 Cytokines are related to pathogenesis of
diseases 1.Cytokine and tumor promote tumor growth (IL-1) kill
tumor cells (TNF) 2.Cytokine and infection aggravate infection
(IL-1,TNF) anti-infection (IFN) 3.Cytokine and autoimmune disease:
activate lymphocytes, proinflammation 4.Cytokine and
hypersensitivity favor IgE production, proinflammation 5.Cytokine
and graft rejection TNF, IFN, IL-1/2 6.Cytokine and other disease:
hypocytosis (IL-3), acute hepatic necrosis (TNF) Slide 36 2
Cytokines are related to therapeutics of diseases Treatment of
tumor and immunodeficiency, Fight against viral infection,
Stimulation of hematogenesis Slide 37 3 Cytokines are related to
other responses Inhibit graft rejection Hypocytosis
Hypersensitivity Autoimmune disease Slide 38 1. Functional molecule
on immunocyte surface and human leukocyte differentiation antigen
2. Adhesion molecule 3. Clinical application of CD and adhesion
molecule as well as their monoclonal antibody Leukocyte
Differentiation Antigen and Adhesion Molecule Slide 39 Electronic
microscope image of human T lymphocyte Section 1 Functional
molecule on immunocyte surface and human leukocyte differentiation
antigen Slide 40 1 Functional Molecule On Immunocyte Surface
Receptors MHC molecule Co-stimulation molecule Adhesion molecule
Specific antigen-recognition receptor Pattern recognition receptor
Cytokine receptor Complement receptor NK cell receptor Ig Fc
receptor Slide 41 2 Definition of Human Leukocyte Differentiation
Antigen (LDA) LDA are referred to as the former and present marker
molecules on cell surface in the differentiation into different
lineages, different stages and activation in blood cells. Slide 42
Expressed on leukocyte, erythroid lineage and
megakaryocyte/thrombocyte lineage Other non-hematopoietic cells
Transmembrane protein or glycoprotein Some are anchored on plasma
membrane with GPI conjuction Slide 43 Immunoglobulin superfamily
Cytokine receptor family Type C lectin superfamily Integrin family
TNF superfamily TNF receptor superfamily Classification of LDA
Slide 44 Cluster of Differentiation, CD Identified mainly by
monoclonal antibody (mAb), one LDA, which is recognized by mAb from
different labs and whose coding gene and expression profile have
been identified, can be designated CD. Slide 45 Slide 46 Slide 47
Cell Adhesion Molecule, CAM Molecules that mediate cell-cell or
cell-matrix interaction and binding are transmembrane glycoproteins
in the majority. Section 2 Adhesion Molecule Slide 48 The
denomination of adhesion molecule and CD molecule is based on
different aspects. Adhesion molecules are classified by adhesive
function. Most adhesion molecules possess a CD number, however,
some do not. Slide 49 Based on structural features integrin family
selectin family immnoglobulin superfamily mucin-like vascular
addressin cadherin family Slide 50 1 Integrin Family Mediate
adhesion of cell and extracellular matrix Elementary structure:
heterodimer of , chain 14 kinds of subunits, 8 kinds of subunits
Expressed extensively Slide 51 2 Selectin Family Mediate adhesion
of leukocyte and endotheliocyte, occurance of inflammation and
homing of lymphocyte Elementary structure: transmembrane molecule
L-, P-, E-selectin Ligands: oligosaccharyl Slide 52 Slide 53 3
Function of Adhesion Molecule Co-receptor and co-stimulation signal
in the recognition of immunocyte Slide 54 Adhesion of leukocyte and
vascular endothelial cell during the inflammation Slide 55 Slide 56
Homing of Lymphocyte Slide 57 1 elucidate pathogenesis 2
application in diagnosis 3 application in disease prevention and
treatment Section 3 Clinical Application of CD and Adhesion
Molecule as well as Their Monoclonal Antibody Slide 58 Master the
definition, classification, common properties and functions of
cytokines Master the concept of LDA, CD and adhesion molecule
Master CD molecules related to recognition and activation of T/B
cell Be familiar with cytokines that regulate T/B cell function
Comprehend the relationship of cytokines and diseases Comprehend Ig
Fc receptor and its biological features Comprehend classification,
features and functions of adhesion molecules Comprehend clinical
applications of CD molecule, adhesion molecule and their monoclonal
antibody
