Communications & Situational Awareness

This morning’s program

1. Processing Weather and Power Grid Data using advanced Data analytics and GIS framework

2. Advanced visualisation strategies for network operation

3. The Smartgrid Architecture Model (SGAM) and its application for Information System Design

Coffee Break

4. GoalArt system proven during outage

5. Two level automatic Voltage controller for SCE

6. Key Technologies of Management Function Integrated into Real-Time system in Distribution Automation System

7. Real-time and short term load forecast assessment of power grid operating limits - SUMO

Communications & Situational Awareness: DSO or TSO issue?

Lars Nordström KTH – Royal Institute of Technology

larsno@kth.se

EE #16

Outline

What is the problem?

Communcation Systems and their architecture

Access to Data and the apps that use it

Operations & Control

SCADA RTU

DNP3

IEC104

ICCP EMS

State

Estimation Normal

Alerted

Emergency

Restorative

OPF

AGC

WAMS

Protection & Automation

PMU IEC61850

DFR

Differential

Protection

SV GOOSE

OC

protection

AVR

IED

Customer Premises

DR EMS

BACnet

Batteries

EVs AMR

Multi

Utility

Heat

Pumps

DSM Smart

Meter

Planning & Asset Management

CBM

GIS

RCM Expansion

Planning

OPF

N-x

OTS

Integrated Systems

The unbundled power market - in theory

Wholesale level - Transmission

GenCo GenCo GenCo GenCo

Retailer Retailer

Retail level - Distribution

Customer Customer Customer Customer

Customer

Aggregators Aggregators

BRP BRP

The unbundled power market – in practice

Area 1

Area 2

Area 5

Area 3

Area 4

Integrated Systems2

Two concerns emerge from this image

Access to data and the Apps that use it

Communication Systems and their architecture

What is making us change?

Increased Power System variability

Variability in previously stable and predictable quantities like voltage, power flow, frequency and prices increase due to large quantities of renewables.

Increased efficiency

Constant push to reduce operational costs, technical losses and environmental impact from shareholders and regulators.

Business chain separation

Unbundling and re-regulation is separating the business chain from generation to consumption creating addtional actors all leading to increased need for coordination, communcation & control.

Ubiquity of computing

Computing (and communcation) capabilites are available at low costs everywhere with high capability.

In Computer Science The Cathedral & the Bazaar

Eric S. Raymond

Or in Power Systems terms…..

The DSO advantage

DSOs are under a tighter regulatory regime than many TSO/ISOs – cost pressure is tighter from regulators

DSOs have fewer engineers and experts on staff,

The market for DSO systems has 100+ vendors, compared with TSO market that has…. 5?

Distribution Systems are Huge – you simply cannot measure everything everywhere

DSOs are much more likely than their bigger brothers to try new

architectures and technologies, simply because they have to.

Q.E.D.

The DSO as a Neutral Market facilitator

Source: EDSO4Smartgrids – Data Management: The role of

Distribution System Operators in managing data, June 2014

Essentially building the marketplace where the Bazaar can take

place (This is Lars talking, not EDSO4Smartgrids)

A small example - Smart Operator

Fully Automated Load Management in the LV grid

Developed by RWE Germany, due to real challenges in LV

Balancing of load & PV to manage congestion and voltage

Source: www.discern.eu

Tools for building the new architectures

Smartgrids Reference Architecure Model -

So for the Architectures

• Stop building cathedrals

Enable applications through standards, open data and

robust platforms.

• Do not put a man in the middle - there is no middle….

If a computer can do it, let it.

• Watch out for what is happening at DSOs with regards to

architectures & new technologies

Access to data and the Apps that use it

Communication Systems and their architecture

What is making us change?

Increased Power System variability

Variability in previously stable and predictable quantities like voltage, power flow, frequency and prices increase due to large quantities of renewables.

Increased efficiency

Constant push to reduce operational costs, technical losses and environmental impact from shareholders and regulators.

Business chain separation

Unbundling and re-regulation is separating the business chain from generation to consumption creating addtional actors all leading to increased need for coordination, communcation & control.

Ubiquity of computing

Computing (and communcation) capabilites are available at low costs everywhere with high capability.

Forecasting & Awareness

The more uncertain the future, the more effort we have to

spend forecasting & predicting.

Two factors are helping us along the way

1. Data is becoming more easily accessible

Standards are helping!

General prolieration of data (weather, irradition, wind..)

2. Computing power is cheap.

Temporal

We need to better

understand when load or

production will happen.

Not too hard

Lots of data

Lots of methods

Temporal

We need to better

understand when load or

production will happen.

Not too hard

Lots of data

Lots of methods

Forecasting to create Awareness

Spatial

We need to better

understand where load

or production will happen.

Harder

Lots of data

Lots of unknowns

Spatial

We need to better

understand where load

or production will happen.

Harder

Lots of data

Lots of unknowns

Behavioral

End-user behavior is a fundamental factor shaping both spatial and temporal aspects

Less well understood

Lots of work remains

Behavioral

End-user behavior is a fundamental factor shaping both spatial and temporal aspects

Less well understood

Lots of work remains

Frequency Quality – an example

Poor load forecasts have been identified as a contributing factor. BRP simply cannot predict well enough the anticipated load, leading to imbalances.

A clear case for load forecasting including the new types of loads (PV & Heatpumps)

Load forecasting including behaviour

C. Sandels, J. Widén, L. Nordström. Forecasting household consumer electricity load profiles with a combined

physical and behavioral approach. Elsevier; Applied Energy. 2014; 131:267-278.

This morning’s program

1. Processing Weather and Power Grid Data using advanced Data analytics and GIS framework

2. Advanced visualisation strategies for network operation

3. The Smartgrid Architecture Model (SGAM) and its application for Information System Design

Coffee Break

4. GoalArt system proven during outage

5. Two level automatic Voltage controller for SCE

6. Key Technologies of Management Function Integrated into Real-Time system in Distribution Automation System

7. Real-time and short term load forecast assessment of power grid operating limits - SUMO