Communications & Situational Awareness
This morning’s program
1. Processing Weather and Power Grid Data using advanced Data analytics and GIS framework
2. Advanced visualisation strategies for network operation
3. The Smartgrid Architecture Model (SGAM) and its application for Information System Design
Coffee Break
4. GoalArt system proven during outage
5. Two level automatic Voltage controller for SCE
6. Key Technologies of Management Function Integrated into Real-Time system in Distribution Automation System
7. Real-time and short term load forecast assessment of power grid operating limits - SUMO
Communications & Situational Awareness: DSO or TSO issue?
Lars Nordström KTH – Royal Institute of Technology
EE #16
Outline
What is the problem?
Communcation Systems and their architecture
Access to Data and the apps that use it
Operations & Control
SCADA RTU
DNP3
IEC104
ICCP EMS
State
Estimation Normal
Alerted
Emergency
Restorative
OPF
AGC
WAMS
Protection & Automation
PMU IEC61850
DFR
Differential
Protection
SV GOOSE
OC
protection
AVR
IED
Customer Premises
DR EMS
BACnet
Batteries
EVs AMR
Multi
Utility
Heat
Pumps
DSM Smart
Meter
Planning & Asset Management
CBM
GIS
RCM Expansion
Planning
OPF
N-x
OTS
Integrated Systems
The unbundled power market - in theory
Wholesale level - Transmission
GenCo GenCo GenCo GenCo
Retailer Retailer
Retail level - Distribution
Customer Customer Customer Customer
Customer
Aggregators Aggregators
BRP BRP
The unbundled power market – in practice
Area 1
Area 2
Area 5
Area 3
Area 4
Integrated Systems2
Two concerns emerge from this image
Access to data and the Apps that use it
Communication Systems and their architecture
What is making us change?
Increased Power System variability
Variability in previously stable and predictable quantities like voltage, power flow, frequency and prices increase due to large quantities of renewables.
Increased efficiency
Constant push to reduce operational costs, technical losses and environmental impact from shareholders and regulators.
Business chain separation
Unbundling and re-regulation is separating the business chain from generation to consumption creating addtional actors all leading to increased need for coordination, communcation & control.
Ubiquity of computing
Computing (and communcation) capabilites are available at low costs everywhere with high capability.
In Computer Science The Cathedral & the Bazaar
Eric S. Raymond
Or in Power Systems terms…..
The DSO advantage
DSOs are under a tighter regulatory regime than many TSO/ISOs – cost pressure is tighter from regulators
DSOs have fewer engineers and experts on staff,
The market for DSO systems has 100+ vendors, compared with TSO market that has…. 5?
Distribution Systems are Huge – you simply cannot measure everything everywhere
DSOs are much more likely than their bigger brothers to try new
architectures and technologies, simply because they have to.
Q.E.D.
The DSO as a Neutral Market facilitator
Source: EDSO4Smartgrids – Data Management: The role of
Distribution System Operators in managing data, June 2014
Essentially building the marketplace where the Bazaar can take
place (This is Lars talking, not EDSO4Smartgrids)
A small example - Smart Operator
Fully Automated Load Management in the LV grid
Developed by RWE Germany, due to real challenges in LV
Balancing of load & PV to manage congestion and voltage
Source: www.discern.eu
Tools for building the new architectures
Smartgrids Reference Architecure Model -
So for the Architectures
• Stop building cathedrals
Enable applications through standards, open data and
robust platforms.
• Do not put a man in the middle - there is no middle….
If a computer can do it, let it.
• Watch out for what is happening at DSOs with regards to
architectures & new technologies
Access to data and the Apps that use it
Communication Systems and their architecture
What is making us change?
Increased Power System variability
Variability in previously stable and predictable quantities like voltage, power flow, frequency and prices increase due to large quantities of renewables.
Increased efficiency
Constant push to reduce operational costs, technical losses and environmental impact from shareholders and regulators.
Business chain separation
Unbundling and re-regulation is separating the business chain from generation to consumption creating addtional actors all leading to increased need for coordination, communcation & control.
Ubiquity of computing
Computing (and communcation) capabilites are available at low costs everywhere with high capability.
Forecasting & Awareness
The more uncertain the future, the more effort we have to
spend forecasting & predicting.
Two factors are helping us along the way
1. Data is becoming more easily accessible
Standards are helping!
General prolieration of data (weather, irradition, wind..)
2. Computing power is cheap.
Temporal
We need to better
understand when load or
production will happen.
Not too hard
Lots of data
Lots of methods
Temporal
We need to better
understand when load or
production will happen.
Not too hard
Lots of data
Lots of methods
Forecasting to create Awareness
Spatial
We need to better
understand where load
or production will happen.
Harder
Lots of data
Lots of unknowns
Spatial
We need to better
understand where load
or production will happen.
Harder
Lots of data
Lots of unknowns
Behavioral
End-user behavior is a fundamental factor shaping both spatial and temporal aspects
Less well understood
Lots of work remains
Behavioral
End-user behavior is a fundamental factor shaping both spatial and temporal aspects
Less well understood
Lots of work remains
Frequency Quality – an example
Poor load forecasts have been identified as a contributing factor. BRP simply cannot predict well enough the anticipated load, leading to imbalances.
A clear case for load forecasting including the new types of loads (PV & Heatpumps)
Load forecasting including behaviour
C. Sandels, J. Widén, L. Nordström. Forecasting household consumer electricity load profiles with a combined
physical and behavioral approach. Elsevier; Applied Energy. 2014; 131:267-278.
This morning’s program
1. Processing Weather and Power Grid Data using advanced Data analytics and GIS framework
2. Advanced visualisation strategies for network operation
3. The Smartgrid Architecture Model (SGAM) and its application for Information System Design
Coffee Break
4. GoalArt system proven during outage
5. Two level automatic Voltage controller for SCE
6. Key Technologies of Management Function Integrated into Real-Time system in Distribution Automation System
7. Real-time and short term load forecast assessment of power grid operating limits - SUMO