CLT – 3xW

CROSS LAMINATED TECHNOLOGIES - USA

Presented by MDS10 pllc, Architects and CLT USA, LLC

C. Crawford Murphy, Architect & President

Michael J. DeVere, Architect & CEO

The What, Why and When success story of

CLT Technology

CLT – 3xW

• Organized in 2011.

• Brought CLT to the attention of universities, builders, and architectural

firms in North America.

• Secured grant funding for academic research in the use of Southern

Yellow Pine for CLT manufacturing.

• “White Paper” from NC Department of Insurance, acknowledging CLT as

an approved building material.

• Designed, engineered, procured, and erected first commercial CLT

structure in USA.

• Helped draft the APA / ANSI Standards for manufacturing of CLT in

North America.

• Initiated a process with Patrick County, Virginia, for financing of our initial

start-up and future plants.

• Identified initial plant site with municipal support, potential key corporate

personnel and strategic partners.

• Gained endorsement of US Army Corps of Engineers and Department of

the Army.

Company History

• Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panel consists of a series of milled timber planks that are stacked, glued and laminated in perpendicular layers. The gluing takes place using ecologically friendly adhesives that are both solvent-free and formaldehyde-free. The glue is applied automatically over the whole surface and then subjected to approximately 120 pounds per square inch of pressure that provides a very high-quality level of adhesion.

• Material used in the fabrication of CLT Panels are factory dried to achieve a very low moisture content (12%).

• Resulting panels are strong and have favorable acoustic, thermal, fire resistant and seismic resistant characteristics.

• Environmentally preferable substitute for concrete, steel, and oriented strand board

• Use to build energy-efficient structures

• Extensively used in Canada , Europe, Japan and now in Australia.

What is Cross Laminated Timber?

CLT dialogue before 2008

CLT dialogue 2008 and beyond

CLT Market Development 2008

CLT Market Development 2016Estimated US market size is greater than $1.5 billion annually

CLT Production Development Estimate for 2015

CLT Energy Savings Concept

• Solid wall panel vs. open framing

• Minimum clearances for openings

• Low Thermal Transfer

• Less insulation needed

• Accommodates Rain Shield façade technology

• Durability

Qualities of Cross Laminated Timber

Sustainability

• Certified Timber Application

• High CO2 sequestration

• Acceleration of CO2 sequestration by volume

• Application offsets energy consumption

• Application offsets CO2 off gas from steel, glass, concrete, plastics, etc.

• Re-Use / Second Life / Recycle / Bio-Mass

Qualities of Cross Laminated Timber

• Use of Southern Yellow Pine more economical than present use of Spruce and Fir.

• Southern Yellow Pine grows up to 3x faster than other species currently being used in the production of CLT.

• Use of relatively low value sideboards of a log having quality grades of #2 and #3 can be used in production.

• Rapid on-site erection and fewer construction delays due to prefabricated elements.

• Fast and dry installation, immediate durability.

• Reductions in on-site waste as wall, floor, and roof elements are pre-cut.

• Reduction of on-site construction noise by eliminating the use of most saws and hammers.

• Easier on-site installation of plumbing, electrical, and HVAC duct systems.

COST EFFECTIVE

Advantages of Using Cross Laminated Timber

• Sound Insulation due to the inherent acoustic

protection of solid mass elements.

• Fire Protection due to the resistance to spread

and the structural stability of solid wood having

significant thickness.

• Load-Bearing and seismic strength.

Successful testing and research has been

conducted in Japan.

• Dimensional Stability. Multi-layer slab effect,

shrinking and swelling negligible.

• Air Tightness and Thermal Benefits.

Ambient room temperature is maintained with

approximately one third the heating and cooling

energy.

• Visible Quality Opportunities. CLT can be

sanded or planed and left exposed.

• Living Space Comfort. Insulation properties

moderate temperature and humidity.

SUPERIOR BUILDING PERFORMANCE


• Low Carbon Footprint because wood products store carbon and take

little energy to produce.

• Carbon Neutral Buildings wood contributes to overall neutrality because

more carbon is removed from the atmosphere by the growing tree than is

emitted during the process of transforming it into a product. This means

wood products carry a “carbon credit” which helps offset the “carbon

Debt” imposed by other building materials.

• Safe and Healthy Environment. Use of wood adhesives that are free of

toxins assures there is virtually no off-gassing of pollutants into the

atmosphere or indoor environment.

• The use of CLT construction will provide a cleaner, greener, faster, and

financially beneficial alternative to standard concrete construction used

today. CLT building shells are 10-50% cheaper than their concrete

alternatives for the market segments considered.

LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT


PANEL CONFIGURATION

The basis for the cutting is formed by the cutting plans of the client (AKA: Formatting).

Factory cutting of panels takes place using state-of-the-art CNC technology. Upon request, and with appropriate equipment, the panels can also be cut by the relevant construction company.

The size and thickness specific to the need of the project. A typical panel is 8 feet wide and 12 feet long. But, are available in widths up to 14 feet and lengths of 50 feet with depth ranging from 3 to 12 inches.

Window openings and routing of electrical runs are pre-cut to precise dimensions.


PANEL ASSEMBLY

Panels arrive at the site pre-cut, equipped with a lifting harness, and ready for immediate installation. Panels arrive in the sequence of construction.


PANEL ASSEMBLY

Easy assembly of CLT components with minimal skilled labor and equipment.


PANEL ASSEMBLY

Depending upon the scale and time schedule, most projects require a crane operator, a Master Carpenter, and two to three framers.


PANEL ASSEMBLY

Precision cut in the factory, CLT panels are used for elevator shafts. Panels can be set plumb and true so that elevator rails do not need shims or spacers.


PANEL ASSEMBLY

Several options for the installation of electrical and plumbing are available. Aside from providing conventional framed walls, conduits and piping can be pre-cut into the panels, cut or core drilled in the field, or concealed in panel connection joints.


PANEL ASSEMBLY

OPEN ACADEMY, NORWICH

Sheppard Robson, London


FIRE RESISTANCE

In a fire, a solid wall of timber will benefit from protection of a charred layer and therefore does not deteriorate in the same way as a stud or joist.

Depending on the thickness of the panel, fire protection classification of ½ to 1 hour are available without the use of any fire resistant covering.

Through layered construction using fire treated gypsum wall board, greater fire resistance can be achieved.

Being CLT panels are solid, there are no openings for fire to transverse once the finish material resistance fails.

The burn rate of a bare timber panel is less than 7 mm per minute.

A timber beam will retain structural integrity longer than a steel beam, which loses strength above certain temperature and buckles.


SEISMIC RESISTANCE:

SPECIAL CONSIDERATION:

A seven story mock-up building has been erected and tested in a Japanese laboratory, subjecting it to a simulated 7.2 magnitude earthquake.

Only minor damage occurred.

To see a video of this test, go to YouTube.com and search for Kobe Earthquake Test.

After the seismic test, this building was dismantled, shipped back to the owner, and reassembled for use as student housing. Just another example of a practical Sustainable Building System.


REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

AMERICAN NATIONAL

STANDARDS INSTITUTE

FOR CLT

AMERICAN WOOD

COUNCIL FIRE TEST

REPORT ON CLT:

3 HOUR RATING

UNIVERSITY OF

VIRGINIA TECH FIRE

TEST REPORT ON THE

USE OF SOUTHERN

YELLOW PINE FOR CLT

TORNADO RESEACH

CONDUCTED BY THE

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS

TECH AND GRAZ UNIV.

OF AUSTRIA

PUBLISHED BY

FP INNOVATIONS AND

THE BI-NATIONAL

SOFTWOOD LUMBER

COUNCIL

NORTH CAROLINA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

OF CLT AS A VIABLE

BUILDING MATERIAL

THE INTERNATIONAL

CODE COUNCIL WILL

RECOGNIZED CLT IN

THE 2015 EDITION OF

THE INTERNATIONAL

BUILDING CODE

TRADA IS AN

INTERNATIONAL

MEMBERSHIP

ORGANIZATION

DEDICATED TO

INFORMING BEST

PRACTICE DESIGN,

SPECIFICATION, AND

USE OF WOOD &

TIMBER IN THE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

TRADA CASE STUDY

OF THE FIRST

COMMERCIAL

APPLICATION OF CLT

IN LONDON, UK

SKIDMORE, OWENS &

MERRILL - ARCHITECTS,

HAVE CONDUCTED

INDEPENDENT STUDIES

ON CLT APPLICATION

TO HIGH RISE

STRUCTURES.

THEIR CONCLUSION IS

THAT CLT IS

STRUCTURALLY

CAPABLE AND COST

EFFECTIVE TO ERECT A

42 STORY STUCTURE.

EARTHQUAKE

PERFORMANCE

ANALYSIS OF MULTI-

STORY CLT BUILDINGS

INDOOR AIR QUALITY:

VIRTUALLY NO OFF GAS

AND EXCEEDS

CALIFORNIA’S CARB

REQUIREMENTS

CLT USA RECOGNIZED

BY THE US ARMY

CORPS OF ENGINEERS

CURRENT EXAMPLE OF COMMERCIAL APPLICATION

OF CLT IN A MID-RISE APARTMENT DEVELOPMENT

Structural Aspects of

Cross Laminated Timber

Graham Montgomery

Britt Peters and Associates

Greenville, SC

History of Structural Wood Products

Ancient Structures – Horyuji

Temple, Japan

Heavy Timber

Engineered Wood Products

Plywood, OSB, I-Joist, Glulam,

Structural Composite Lumber, Open

Web Trusses

Massive Timber

Cross Laminate Timber

Thick Plywood

Wood version of precast concrete

Completing the family of wood

products – panel form of glulam beam

What are similarities and differences to

previous wood products

Connections, stability in all directions

Fire, brute strength, quality construction,

not high quality lumber

Spans – Floor/Roofs

Spans

10ft to 25ft for floors

15ft to 40ft for roofs

Lighter than concrete by 3x

Thin floor sections allow for saving space

Span to Depth Ratios

Up to 38 for floors

Up to 60 for roofs

Spans – Walls

Tall Walls

Manufacturing and Warehouses

Tall Buildings – Skyscrapers

Shear Walls

Plywood – 280-870 lbs/ft

CLT – 2,900-11,000 lbs/ft+

Capabilities

Cantilever

The wall is the beam!

Folded plate

2 way plate

Cables

Cables

Traditional Connectors

Design philosophy

Simple nail and bracket

Heavy bolting

Innovative Connectors

Self-tapping screws

Interlocking concealed connections

Adhesives

Seismic, Impact, Blast Design

Strong panel

Ductile connections

Reduced weight

Durability/Toughness

Tall Wood Building

Competition “Framework” – Portland

12 Stories

475 West 18th St – NYC

10 Stories

20, 30, and up to

40 stories possible

CURRENT EXAMPLE OF COMMERCIAL APPLICATION

OF CLT IN A MID-RISE APARTMENT DEVELOPMENT

NORTHBURY SCHOOL

Greenhill Jenner Architectures,

London

•SCHOOLS

Examples using Cross Laminated Timber




•SCHOOLS (under construction)




•SCHOOLS (finished construction)

COLLEGES FALMOUTH COLLEGE

Urban Salon Architecture,

London

Winner of International Green Apple

Award, Built Environment; RISA

Award for Architecture; LABC South

West; Timber in Construction

Award; Best Education Project at

Off Site Construction Awards.


DAY CARE

THOMAS’ SCHOOL

Claridge Architects,

London


OFFICES


RESIDENCES


RESIDENCES

Hillside Construction

Austria


APARTMENTS


HOTELS


RESTAURANT


Waugh Thistleton Architects & Techniker Engineers

The Stadthaus 24 Murray Grove, London

•Comprising both private and

affordable housing, The Stadthaus

provides twenty nine apartments, ten of

them being affordable units.

•The entire nine storey panel structure

was assembled in 27 working days by

a four man crew using powered hand

tools and a mobile crane.

Photography by Will Pryce

•Timber absorbs carbon throughout its

natural life and continues to store that

carbon when cut. The fabric of The

Stadthaus tower stores over 300 tons

of carbon. •The total vertical settlement for

entire eight floors of timber panel

framing was only ¾ of one inch.

•The exterior façade consists of over

5,000 painted wood fiber panels,

and are referred to as a rain shield.

A Case Study using Cross Laminated Timber





Completed Construction





Interiors The Stadthaus 24 Murray Grove, London




RESEARCH: USE OF SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE FOR CLT

CLT @ NCSUCLT RESEARCH

Phil Mitchell, PhD

Forestry and CLT liaison at NCSU

Research of Cross Laminated Timber

RESEARCH: USE OF HARDWOODS FOR CLT

Dr. Daniel Hindman


RESEARCH: USE OF CLT IN TORNADO RESISTANT STRUCTURES

Dr. Gerhard Schickhofer


First completed CLT structure in the United

States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


States

Myers Memorial

Bell Tower

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC

First completed CLT school structure in the

United StatesFranklin

Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV

• Volume of wood products use: equivalent to 818,736 board feet



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV


• U.S. and Canadian forest grows this much in 4 minutes



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV



• Carbon stored in the wood: 1,014 metric tons of CO2



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV




• Avoided greenhouse gas emissions: 2,155 metric tons of CO2



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV





• Total Potential Carbon Benefit: 3,169 metric tons of CO2



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV






• Equivalent to 605 cars off the road for a year or



Elementary School,

West Virginia

MSES Architects

Fairmont, WV






• Equivalent to 605 cars off the road for a year or

• Energy to operate a home for 269 years

Current CLT structure in Chattanooga, TN

Calvary Chapel – Classroom Addition

Taylor Bowers, Architect - Chattanooga, TN


































New CLT structure in Asheville, NC

MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC

88 unit apartment building for housing homeless veterans


MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC


• Volume of wood products

use: equivalent to

705,348 board feet


MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC

• U.S. and Canadian forest

grows this much in 3 1/2

minutes



use: equivalent to

705,348 board feet


MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC



minutes

• Carbon stored in the

wood: 873 metric tons of

CO2



use: equivalent to

705,348 board feet


MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC



minutes



CO2

• Avoided greenhouse gas

emissions: 1,856 metric

tons of CO2



use: equivalent to

705,348 board feet


MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC



minutes



CO2



tons of CO2

• Total Potential Carbon

Benefit: 2,729 metric tons

of CO2



use: equivalent to

705,348 board feet


MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC



minutes



CO2



tons of CO2



of CO2

• Equivalent to 521 cars off

the road for a year or



use: equivalent to

705,348 board feet


MDS10 Architects

Asheville, NC



minutes



CO2



tons of CO2



of CO2

• Equivalent to 521 cars off

the road for a year or

• Energy to operate a

home for 231 years



use: equivalent to

705,348 board feet

CLT - A Revolution in Building Technology

Documents

CLT – 3xW