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CI-340 Handheld Photosynthesis System
CID Bio-SciencePortable Instruments for Precision Plant
Measurement Inc.
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Accurate & Portable Measurement of PhotosynthesisThe CI-340
Handheld Photosynthesis System is a much improved version of the
first lightweight, hand-held photosynthesis system introduced by
CID in 1997. The latest version, the CI-340, features a new design
concept in a compact, solid-state structure. The entire system: the
display, key pad, computer, data memory, CO2 / H20 gas analyzer,
flow control system and battery are contained in a single,
hand-held chassis.
Everything required to measure photosynthesis, transpiration,
stomatal conductance, PAR and internal CO2 is conveniently included
in one easy to operate instrument. Because the chamber is connected
to the CO2 / H20 gas analyzer, there is virtually no delay when
measuring CO2 / H20 in the chamber. These features make the CI-340
the most compact Handheld Photosynthesis System available for field
or laboratory applications.
a LightweightComplete photosynthesis
system in one handheld
package that weighs only
1.5 Kg
a ControlOptional modules enable you to control
CO2 , H2O, temperature, light intensity and
measure chlorophyll florescence and
photosynthesis simultaneously
a Flexible Nine custom leaf chambers and
a soil respiration chamber enable
a multitude of measurement
possibilities
visit us at: www.cid-inc.comCID Bio-SciencePortable Instruments
for Precision Plant Measurement Inc. Toll Free: 1-800-767-0119 |
Fax: (360) 833-1914 | Office Hours: M-F 7:30 AM to 6:00 PM [PST] |
[email protected]
Key Detailsa World’s lightest and most portable complete
Photosynthesis System
a Measures photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal
conductance, and internal CO2 concentration
a Control temperature, irradiance, and CO2 humidity
with optional environmental control modules
a Nine custom chambers and respiration chamber
accomodate any leaf size, including conifer needles
How it WorksFast, accurate and reliable measurements of
photosynthetic activity have never been so easy. To measure
photosynthetic activity, simply secure a leaf within the CI-340
chamber and choose “ambient” or “closed” system measurement. In
moments, leaf function data is available as the CI-340 analyzes
photosynthesis according to your research parameters.
The CI-340 Handheld Photosynthesis System body houses the
display, keypad, computer, data memory, CO2/H2O gas analyzer, flow
control system, and battery in a single hand-held case, and is
equipped with everything you need to measure photosynthesis,
transpiration, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2
concentration. Because the chamber is connected to the CO2/H2O gas
analyzer, there is virtually no time delay when directly measuring
CO2/H2O in the chamber.
CID offers a full complement of environmental control units to
enable researchers to measure various aspects of photosynthetic
activity within a completely controlled environment—all while in
the field. With CID’s CO2/H2O generator module, the CI-340 can
precisely control CO2 and H2O concentrations within the leaf
chamber. Additional modules control chamber temperature and light
levels. The chlorophyll fluorescence module enables the user to
measure fluorescence and photosynthesis simultaneously.
Featuresa An entire photosynthesis system in one hand-held
case
a Lightweight and truly portable
a Stable analyzer for accurate CO2 and H2O measurements
a Open or closed system measurements
a Soil respiration chamber and plant canopy attachment
available
a Optional control modules for light, temperature control,
CO2/H2O
supply and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement
a Infrared, non-contact leaf temperature measurement
a Simultaneous measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and
photosynthesis is possible
What’s in the Boxa Infrared gas analyzer
a PAR sensor
a Air temperature sensor
a Choice of one leaf chamber
a Infrared, non-contact leaf
temperature sensor
a Soda Lime and Silica Gel cassette for
setting CO2 zero and H2O zero
a Spare parts kit
a Rechargeable battery & battery
charger
a USB communication cable
a Operation manual
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CI-301AD Adjustable H2O & CO
2 Control Module
Carbon dioxide concentration is a limiting factor for
photosynthesis. If there is not enough CO2, then the light
independent reaction of photosynthesis will not be able to take
place as quickly. The direct effect is that less ribulose
biphosphate will be made, which means that the whole photosynthesis
reaction will be slowed down. The lack of carbon dioxide will cause
a lack of products being made from the light independent stage to
be reduced.
During photosynthesis, water is necessary as a reactant. The
CI-301AD allows the user to set or adjust the CO2 and H2O
concentrations in the chamber and investigate the effects, ranging
from 0-2000 ppm CO2 and 0-100% relative humidity.
The adjustment and measurement of concentrations may be adjusted
via the menus on the CI-340
Burner, David M. “Influence of alley crop environment on
orchardgrass and tall fescue herbage.” Agronomy journal 95, no. 5
(2003): 1163-1171.
Swanborough, P. W., D. Doley, R. J. Keenan, and D. J. Yates.
“Photosynthetic characteristics of Flindersia brayleyana and
Castanospermum australe from tropical lowland and upland sites.”
Tree physiology 18, no. 5 (1998): 341-347.
CO2 Supply CO2 cartridge
CO2 Range 0 ~ 2000ppm optional
H2O Supply Water vapor generator
H2O Range 0 ~ 100% RH
Dimensions 64 × 100 × 160mm
CI-510CS Temperature Control ModulePhotosynthesis is a series of
chemical reactions. Heat speeds up chemical reactions by adding
kinetic energy to the reactants or enzymes. Therefore, heat speeds
up photosynthesis, unless another factor, such as weak light,
limits photosynthesis. However, too high a temperature can destroy
or denature the enzymes, hindering their proper function and
decreasing the photosynthetic rate. Due to this, the rate of
photosynthesis in relation to temperature forms a curve.
Low temperatures, such as being cold enough for water to freeze,
can be very harmful to a plant. At higher temperatures, the stomata
close to prevent water loss. This also stops gas exchange,
resulting in decreased photosynthesis. The CI-510CS allows the user
to adjust the temperature in the chamber and investigate the
effects ranging from -25 to +25OC from ambient temperature.
Schlosser, Alanna J., John M. Martin, L. Curtis Hannah, and
Michael J. Giroux. “The maize leaf starch mutation has diminished
field growth and productivity. “Crop Science 52, no. 2 (2012):
700-706.
Schlosser, Alanna Jane. “Transitory leaf starch is an important
determinant of plant yield [electronic resource]/by Alanna Jane
Schlosser.” PhD diss., Montana State University-Bozeman, College of
Agriculture, 2011.
Type Thermoelectric coolerRange -25 ~ +25°C from
ambient temperatureCooling Head Dimensions
55 × 43 × 14mm
Dimensions 64 × 100 × 160mm
CI-301LA Light ModuleLight is directly needed for the light
dependent stage of photosynthesis. In darkness, photosynthesis
cannot take place because the light dependent reaction requires it,
even if the carbon dioxide concentration and the temperature are at
their optimum temperature. With more light, the rate of
photosynthesis will increase, until another factor, such as
temperature or CO2 concentration begins to limit the reaction. The
CI-301LA allows the user to adjust the light intensity received by
the leaf in the chamber and investigate the effects from 0-2500
µmol/m2s.
Liu, K., C. F. Tang, S. B. Zhou, Y. P. Wang, D. Zhang, G. W. Wu,
and L. L. Chang. “Comparison of the photosynthetic characteristics
of four Lycoris species with leaf appearing in autumn under field
conditions.” Photosynthetica50, no. 4 (2012): 570-576.
Schlosser, Alanna J., John M. Martin, L. Curtis Hannah, and
Michael J. Giroux. “The maize leaf starch mutation has diminished
field growth and productivity.” Crop Science 52, no. 2 (2012):
700-706.
Schlosser, Alanna Jane. “Transitory leaf starch is an important
determinant of plant yield [electronic resource]/by Alanna Jane
Schlosser.” PhD diss., Montana State University-Bozeman, College of
Agriculture, 2011.
Haapala, Jaana K., Sami K. Mörsky, Riikka Rinnan, Sanna Saarnio,
Pertti J. Martikanen, Toini Holopainen, and Jouko Silvola.
“Long-term effects of ozone on CO2 exchange in peatland
microcosms.” Atmospheric Environment 45, no. 24 (2011):
4002-4007.
Type Red and blue LED lamp
Red Peak Wavelength
660nm ± 10nm at 25°C
Blue Peak Wavelength
470nm ± 10nm at 25°C
Output Range 0 ~ 2500 µmol m-2s-1
Emitting Area 80 × 40mmDimensions 64 × 100 × 160mm
CI-510CF Clorophyll Fluorescence ModuleChlorophyll fluorescence
analysis is a widely used technique for plant physiologists and
ecophysiologists. Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in
a leaf has three possible destinies. Firstly, the light energy
could be used to drive photosynthesis. Secondly, excess light
energy can be dissipated as heat. Thirdly, excess light energy can
be re-emitted as light, which is known as chlorophyll
fluorescence.
These three processes occur in competition, meaning that an
increase in the efficiency of one will result in a decrease in the
yield of the other two. Using the CI-510CF to measure chlorophyll
fluorescence provides the investigator with information about
changes in the efficiency of photosynthesis and heat dissipation
from the leaf. The CI-510CF modulation frequency is adjustable,
ranging from 8-80 Hz.
Liu, K., C. F. Tang, S. B. Zhou, Y. P. Wang, D. Zhang, G. W. Wu,
and L. L. Chang. “Comparison of the photosynthetic characteristics
of four Lycoris species with leaf appearing in autumn under field
conditions.” Photosynthetica50, no. 4 (2012): 570-576.
Zhou, S. B., K. Liu, D. Zhang, Q. F. Li, and G. P. Zhu.
“Photosynthetic performance of Lycoris radiata var. radiata to
shade treatments.” Photosynthetica 48, no. 2 (2010): 241-248.
Grant, Richard H., Kent G. Apostol, and Hans F. Schmitz.
“Physiological Impacts of Short-Term UV Irradiance Exposures on
Cultivars of Glycine Max.” In UV Radiation in Global Climate
Change, pp. 458-487. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
Feng, Lingling, Hui Li, Jingmei Jiao, Ding Li, Li Zhou, Jian
Wan, and Yangsheng Li. “Reduction in SBPase activity by antisense
RNA in transgenic rice plants: effect on photosynthesis,
Modulated Light Intensity
0.25 uE at 12mm
Flash Light Intensity 3000 uE at 12mmModulation Frequency 8 ~ 80
HzFiber Optic Probe Bifurcated light
guideDimensions 64 × 100 ×
160mm
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CI-301SR Soil Respiration ChamberThe majority of CO2 emitted
from the soil surface to the atmosphere originates from the
respiration of roots, decomposition of root parts, heterotrophic
consumption, soil organic matter and plant litter. It is also
influenced by carbon fixation of surface vegetation in
photosynthesis, and the cellular respiration of organisms. CO2 flux
from soil is a good indicator of overall biological activity and is
often used when studying the soil carbon cycle.
Because soil respiration is the major pathway of carbon transfer
from soil to atmosphere, understanding soil respiration is crucial
for the study of carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystems. The
CI-340 Handheld Photosynthesis System coupled with the CI-301SR
soil respiration chamber enables researchers to collect soil
surface CO2 efflux data.
The amount of soil respiration that occurs in an ecosystem is
controlled by several factors: soil temperature, soil moisture,
root nitrogen concentrations, soil texture, substrate quantity and
quality (Buchmann, 2000), among which soil temperature and moisture
dominate. The CI-301SR soil respiration chamber comes equipped with
internal fans for proper air mixing and its small geometry aids in
rendering more accurate CO2 flux measurements that are less
affected by excess humidity. The CI-310SR is light (180g),
practical and versatile. Its rugged stainless steel frame can be
used on uneven terrain, and in small spaces between rocks,
vegetation or tree roots.
Buchmann, N., 2000. Biotic and abiotic factors controlling soil
respiration rates in Picea abies stands. Soil Biology &
Biochemistry 32, pp. 1625-1635.
Applications: From Phenotyping to PhysiologyHandheld
photosynthesis systems are used for a variety of applications. At
its most basic, it can be thought of as a stethoscope for plants.
By making simple photosynthesis measurements, one can learn if a
plant is functioning normally, transpiring water and assimilating
carbon dioxide at a characteristic rate for the species.
By measuring plants from multiple species in a single
environment, inferences about relative photosynthetic performance
can be made. Also, where experimental treatments are applied to
single specimen, effects on plants that impact photosynthesis,
either directly – as in N-deprivation, or indirectly – as in biotic
stress – can be quantified.
To make measurements that can be compared across environments,
some researchers prefer to control variables that can produce
relatively large changes in photosynthesis rate. It is common to
control the input CO2 level, for example, as this has the largest
impact on photosynthesis, if light is not limiting. Shading can
occur when a chamber-mounted leaf can be pointed directly toward
the sun, or when shadows are present. For this reason, some
investigators prefer to use an external light source, which
produces consistent leaf irradiance. Modules are available to
control CO2, light, as well as to control leaf temperature.
Advanced applications include the characterization of
fundamental biochemical and biophysical limitations on
photosynthesis. By measuring the response of photosynthesis to
intercellular CO2 mole fraction (A/Ci curve), inferences are made
about the Rubisco activity, maximum rate of electron transport used
in regeneration of Calvin Cycle intermediates. By combining gas
exchange measurements with chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring, the
rate of photorespiration can be assessed. It is also possible to
quantify the mesophyll conductance to CO2 with the combined
techniques. A chlorophyll fluorescence module is also available as
a separate add-on.
visit us at: www.cid-inc.comCID Bio-SciencePortable Instruments
for Precision Plant Measurement Inc. Toll Free: 1-800-767-0119 |
Fax: (360) 833-1914 | Office Hours: M-F 7:30 AM to 6:00 PM [PST] |
[email protected]
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Specifications
Main Unit On board IRGA for CO2 / H2O Analysis, Flow Control,
Display and Key Board, Leaf Chamber attachment facility and
Battery.
Display LCD 40 x 6 characters or 320 x 60 pixelData Storage 4 MB
Internal FLASH RAM
Data Output USB or RS232C PC Link Cable
CI-340 Specifications
Flow Rate 100 ~ 1000 cm2 min-1 (1 lpm)Power Supply 7.2 VDC, 3.2
mAh for 5 hours continuous
use, extended hours of use with addition-al batteries. AC
Adapter / Battery Charger supplied.
Weight 1.5 Kg (3 Lbs) with Battery
Dimensions 450 mm x 53 mm x 48 mm
Application ReferencesFrom agronomy to horticulture and
environmental science, the CI-340 has been proven to be an
effective instrument creating useful data sets for researchers
worldwide. For a more detailed view of relevant applications,
please refer to the references below:
CID Bio-Science, Inc.
Phone: (360) 833-8835Toll Free: 1-800-767-0119Fax: (360)
833-1914Email: [email protected]
1554 NE 3rd AveCamas, WA 98607 USA
www.cid-inc.com
Joan Llusia, Laura Llorens, Meritxell Bernal, Dolors Verdaguer
and Josep Penuelas (2012 ) Effects of UV radiation and water
limitation on the volatile terpene emission rates, photosynthesis
rates, and stomatal conductance in four Mediterranean species. Acta
Physiologiae Plantarum, 34(2): 757-769
Giancarlo Marino, Marouane Aqil and Bill Shipley (2010) The leaf
economics spectrum and the prediction of photosynthetic
light-response curves. Functional Ecology, 24: 263-272
S.B. ZHOU, K. LIU, D. ZHANG, Q.F. LI, and G.P. ZHU (2010)
Photosynthetic performance of Lycoris radiata var. radiate to shade
treatments. Photosynthetica, (48)2: 241-248
C.-C. Ma, Y.-B. Gao, H.-Y. Guo, J.-L. Wang, J.-B. Wu, J.-S. Xu
(2008) Physiological adaptations of four dominant Caragana species
in the desert region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Journal of Arid
Environments, (72):3 247-254
M. Cecilia Rousseaux, Juan P. Benedetti, Peter S. Searles (2008)
Leaf-level responses of olive trees (Olea europaea) to the
suspension of irrigation during the winter in an arid region of
Argentina. Scientia Horticulturae, (115):2 135-141
Inbar Maayana,†, Felix Shayaa,†, Kira Ratnera, Yair Mania,
Shimon Laveeb, Benjamin Avidana, Yosepha Shahaka and Oren
Ostersetzer-Birana (2008) Photosynthetic activity during olive
(Olea europaea) leaf development correlates with plastid biogenesis
and Rubisco levels. Physiologia Plantarum, 134: 547-558
Jianming Fu, Ivana Momc’ilovic’, Thomas E. Clemente, Natalya
Nersesian, Harold N. Trick, Zoran Ristic (2008) Heterologous
expression of a plastid EF-Tu reduces protein thermal aggregation
and enhances CO2 fixation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) following
heat stress. Plant Mol Biol, 68: 277-288
M.A. Ibrahim, A. Nissinen, N. Prozherina, E.J. Oksanen, J.K.
Holopainen(2006) The influence of exogenous monoterpene treatment
and elevated temperature on growth, physiology, chemical content
and headspace volatiles of two carrot cultivars (Daucus carota L.).
Environmental and Experimental Botany, (56):1 95-107
For complete product specifications visit
www.cid-inc.com/ci340
