I{ANYANG CONCEPT TEST

CHEMISTRY (ADVANCED LEVEL)

14 JTJLY 20072.30 - 4.30 pm (Singapore and Malaysia)1.30 - 3.30 pm (Indonesia and Vietnam)

Instructions to participants :

1. The test comprises 60 multiple choice questions on 27printed pages (including the front and back pages).

2. All questions carry equal marks.

3. Use black lead 28 pencils to shade in the answer sheetprovided. Ensure that the cirsles are filled in completely.Any erasure must be done cleanly, and make no stray markon the answer sheet.

4. Aperiodic table, a list of physical constants and a list ofstandard electrode potentials and redox potentials areincluded at the back of the question booklet.

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l. If shaded spheres (o) represent nitrogen atoms and non-shaded spheres (o)represent oxygen atoms, which box represents reactants and which box representsproducts for the reaction 2NO (g) + Oz (g) --' 2NOz (g)?

IO

oooto t\-/

ooo"q,d Eoo eod

IVq3 @ E

oo ergar Eqr

lt2.

A. III represents the reactants and I represents the productsB. II represents the reactants and IV represents the productsC. IV represents the reactants and I represents the productsD. III represents the reactants and I represents the productsE. III represents the reactants and II represents the products

An organic compound X contains 40.0 % C,6.67 o/oH, and 53.33 % O by mass.has a molar mass less than 100 gmol-I. What is the empirical formula ofcompound X?

A. CzH+OzB. C3Hs.5OaC. C+HgO+D. CoHOrE. None of the above

---rU c,,, E_ooo ct

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3. Govemment and industry analysts routinely measure the quantity of ascorbic acid(molecular formula is C6H3O6) in commercial products such as fruit juices andvitamin tablets. The ascorbic acid reacts with excess iodine, and the amount ofiodine remaining is determined with sodium thiosulfate Q.{a2S2O3). In one analysis,avitamin tablet is mixed with 53.20 mL of 0.1030 M 12 according to the equation:

CoHsOe (s) + 12 @il - CeHoOe @d + 2HI (aq)

After all the ascorbic acid has reacted, the excess Iz reacts with27 .54 mL of0.1153 M NazSzO3 according to the equation:

Iz@q) + 2NazSzOt @il --- 2NaI (aq) + Na2SaO6 (aq)

What is the amount (in g) of ascorbic acid in the vitamin tablet?

A. 0.685 gB. 0.964 gc. 2.79 gD. 0.406 gE. 0 .812 g

4. Burning coal produces sulfrr dioxide, an acidic gas that contributes to theformation of acid rain by reacting with water and thus forming HzSOq in theatmosphere. A power plant bums 1.00 kg of bituminous coal that contains 5.I5%osulfir by mass (you can assume that all of the sulfur in the coal is converted toSOz). If 18.0% of the SO2 produced as a result of this escaped into the atmosphereand 75.0% of the escaped SO2 were converted to H2SOa, how much (in g) ofHzSO+ would be produced in the atmosphere?

A. 21 .30 gB. 0.02 gC. 118 .00 gD, 103.00 gE. 0 .13 g

5. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupv the n = 4 shell?

A .8B. 16c. 32D. 48E. 60

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6. The following are the data for the ionization energies (iE) for an element in thesecond period:

IE1 = 1.33 X 10-21 kJ/atomIEz:4.03 X 10-2r kJ/atomIEr :6.08 X 10-2r kJ/atomIEa:41.6 X l0-21 kJ/atomIE5 = 54.5 X 10-2r kJ/atom

Identify the element.

A. BeB .OC. SiD .BE.C

7. In which of the following pairs is the second ionization energy of the first elementgreater than that of the second element?

A. Na, NeB. Be, LiC. Na, LiD. He, LiE. Mg, Na

8. How many lone pairs andn bonds are there in the molecule below?

N$-,^**-H

A. 4 lone pairs and 4 n bondsB. 2 lone pairs and 4 n bondsC. 2 lone pairs and 3 n bondsD. 4 lone pairs and 3 n bondsE. 4 lone pairs and 2 zr bonds

9. The molecule XHFz (where X is the unknown central atom) can exist in twoisomeric forms. Give the possible identity of the element X.

A. BoronB. IodineC. NitrogenD. OxygenE. Phosphorous

o

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10. In which of the foliowing pairs do the central atoms NOT have the samehybridization (the central atoms are in boldf

A. PCls. IO4-B. NH3, H2OC. BF3, HzCOD. XeFa, SF6E. NClr, PCI:

11. Which one of the following compounds is non-polar?

A, HzOB. MezSc. BF3D. PFrE. NH:

12. Which of the following statements are responsible for the fact that elementaloxygen exists as Oz while elemental sulfur exists as Se?

L Sulfur can form more double bonds with the Ss structure.il. Oxygen has a smaller atomic number and prefers to form gaseous

compounds but sulfur prefers to stay in solid form.III. The 2p-2p orbitals in 02 are suitable to form n-bonds while 3p-3p orbitais

in sulfur are not suitable for n- n overlapping

A. I onlyB. II onlyC. III onlyD. A combined effect of I, II and IIIE. A combined effect of II and III

13. What is the dominant inter-molecular force that exists in Clz (gas), Br2 (liquid)and 12 (solid)?

A. Covalent bonding.B. Ionic bonding.C. Van der Waals interaction.D. Hydrogen bonding.E. All of the above.

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14. Consider a sample of N2 (g) at25 oC. Which of the following statement(s) is(are)correct when you apply the kinetic-molecular theory?

I. Raising the temperature to 30 oC while maintaining the volume constantwill increase the pressure of the gas.

iI. Adding more N2 molecules to the sample, at constant temperature andvolume will decrease the pressure of the gas.

III. Decreasing the volume of the gas while keeping the temperature at 25 oC

will decrease the pressure of the gas.

A. Only I is correctB. Only III is correctC. I and II are correctD. I and III are correctE. I, Ii and III are correct

15. A small bubble rises from the bottom of a lake, where the temperature andpressure are 8oC and 6.3 atm, respectively, to the water's surface, where thetemperature is 25oC and the pressure is 1,0 atm. What is the final volume (in mL)of the bubble if its initial volume was 2.1 mL?

A. 41.3 mLB. 0.35 mLC. 4.2 mLD. 14 mLE . 2 .1mL

16. You are asked to design an air bag for a car. You know that the bag should befilled with gas having a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, say 1 .104" 105Pa, at a temperature of 22.0 oC. The bag has a volume of 45.5 L. What quantity ofsodium azide, NaNs, should be used to generate the required quantity of gas? Thegas-producing reaction is

2NaNs (s) * 2Na (s) + 3Nz G).

A . 1 .2 gB. 88 .8 gc . 133.3 gD. 199.9 gE. l .2kg

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17. Areal gas X has a non-zero molecular volume and has only repulsiveintermolecular interactions that scale as 1/r3, where r is the intermoleculardistance. Which of the following series of pressures of I mole gas at 290K of X atvolumes 0.2L,20L and 2000 L are consistent with the characteristic of X?

A. l .32x l07pa, 1.12x105pa, l . l6x103paB. l .2lxl07Pa, l .2Ixl05pa, I .21xl}3paC. r .29x l07pa, l .16x10spa, 1.10x103paD. 1 .34x107pa , l . 2 l x l 05pa , l . l 6x l03paE. 0.99x107Pa, L i0x10spa, 1.16x103pa

18. Large quantities of ammonia are used to prepare nitric acid. The first step consistsof the catalytic oxidation of NH3 k) to NO (S) and HzO (g) described by thisequation:

4NH: (g) + 5Oz (g) * aNO (g) + 6H2O (s).

What is the standard enthalpy change for this reaction?The standard enthalpies of formation (at 25 oC) for NH3 (g), HzO (g) and NO (g)are -45.9 kJ mol-r, -241.8 kJ mol-l and 90.3 kJ mol-r, respectively.

A. 1628.4kJB. 332.1 kJc. -105.6 kJD. -906 kJE. None of the above

19. Which of the following processes result in an increase in entropy?

I. The fermentation of glucose (grape sugar) to ethanol:CoHrzOo (s) -- 2C2HsOH (l) + 2CO2@)glucose ethanol

il. The preparation of urea from NH: and COz:2NHg (g) + COz (g) * NH2CONHz (aq) + H2O (D

III. The dissociation reaction:Brz G) ---+ 2Br (g)

A. Only reaction IB. Reactions I and IIIC. Reactions II and IIID. All of the reactionsE. None of the reactions

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20. The reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is very rapid andexothermic. The equation is

HCI (aq) + NaOH (aq) - NaCl (aq) + HzO

In one experiment, a student placed 50.0 mL of 1 .00 M HCI at 25.5 oc in astyrofoam cup calorimeter. To this was added 50.0 mL of i.00 M NaOH solutionalso at 25.5 oC. The mixture was stirred, and the temperature quickly increased toa maximum of 32.2 oC. What is the enthalpy change, All, for the aboveneutralization reaction per mole of acid?[Hint: Because the solutions are relatively dilute, we can assume that their specificheats are close to that of water, 4.18 J g-t o6-t. The density of 1.00 M HCI is1.02 gml.-r and that of 1.00 M NaOHls 1.04 g mi--l. We can neglect the heat lostto the styrofoam itself, to the thermometer, and to the surrounding air.]

A,, -2.9 kJ mol-rB. 2.9 kJ mol'rC. 58 kJ mol-lD. -58 kJ mol-rE. 0.145 kJ mol-l

21. The following reactions, under standard concentrations (1 M), are spontaneousand thus proceed to the right as written:

2H* + Cd (s) --* Hz + Cd2*2A{ + Hz k) ---+ zts(s) + lH+Cd'- + Zn (s) ---+ Cd (s) + Zn"-

The strengths of H*, Ag*, Cd2* and Znz* as oxidizing agents increase in thefollowing order:

A. zn2* > cd2* > As" > H*B. znz* > Cd2* t Hit Ag*c. H* > As* > Cd2* > Znz*D. cd2* ,2n*, As* > H*E. Ag* > H* > cd2-*> zn2*

22- A sample of L-dopa, a drug used for the treatment of the symptoms of Parkinson'sdisease, is electrolyzed exhaustively with 42.0 pC. The process requires twoelectrons per molecule. The formula weight of L-dopa is 197 .2. What is the massof L-dopa in the sample?

A. 85.8 ngB. 21.5 ngC. 42.9 ngD. 85.8 mgE. 42.9 1:"9

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23.Thehalf-cells Ag* (oq, t lt4) lAg (s) and Clz (g, I atm) lCl'1oq,l M) are linkedto create a voltaic (or galvanic) cell. Which of the following statement(s)concerning the celi is(are) correct?

I. The reduction half-reaction is given by Cl2 @) + 2e' -- 2Cl' (aq).II. The standard cell potential is 0.56 V.III. Negative ions move in the salt bridge from the Ag/Ag* half-cell to the

ClzlCl' half-cell.

A. Only II is correctB. I and II are correctC. II and III are correctD. I, II and III are correctE. All the above are NOT correct

24. 67 .3 ml of 0.005 M HCI is needed to reach the equivalence point in the titration of5.0 ml of an aqueous ammonia sample of unknown concentration. Given thatNH4CI hydrolyses according to the equation

NH+* (aq) + HzO 0) ;- NH3 (aq) + H3O* (aq)

With a K, value of 5.6x 10-10. What is the pH of the solution at the equivalencepoint?

A. 4.7B. 5.2c. s.8D.7 .0E. 9.3

25. At room temperature, up to 4.51 g of PbCl2 can be dissolved in 1 L of water. Whatis the maximum amount of PbCb that one can dissolve in I L of 0.1 M NaC-solution?

A. 0 .T2 gB. 0.44 gc. 0.47 gD. 1 .12 gE. 1 .33 g

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26.0.1 moles of CO2 is allowed to react with excess solid graphite at 1000 K in areaction chamber with a volume of 3 L. The equation for the reaction is

C (graphite; + COz (g) : zCO (g)

The final equilibrium pressure inside the chamber is 3.66x10s Pa. Calculate thefinal equilibrium pressure if the chamber is changed to a 6 L container insteadwhile the temperature is maintained at 1000 K. (You may assume ideal gasbehaviour)

A . 1 .39x10s PaB. 1 .64x10s PaC. 1 .83x10s PaD. 1 .97x i05 PaE. 2.14x10s Pa

27.Ideal gases ,4, B and C reacts according to the equation

2A (s) + B (g) --* C (s)

The reaction is first order in both I and B. If the pressure of the reaction chamberis doubled, but the temperature remains the same, by what factor does the rate ofreaction change?

A. 0.25B. 1 (no change in rate)c.2D.4E.8

28. The reaction

X-*P

is first order in X. If it takes 144 seconds for X to deplete to one third its initialamount, calculate the time taken for X to deplete from its initial amount to oneeighth its initial amount.

A. 384 sB. 288 sC. 273 sD. 201 sE. 189 s

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29. The rate constants for reaction 1 and reaction 2 have the same units. At T = 300 K,the rate constant for reaction 1 is the same as that of reaction 2. At T = 400 K, therate constant of reaction 1 is twice that of reaction 2. What is (EoyEo2),thedifference in activation enersies between reaction I and reaction 2?

A. -2305 J mol-rB. +2305 J mol-rC. -6915 J mol-rD. +6915 J mol-rE. +4809 J mol-r

30. Which of the followine oxides can react with both acids and bases?

A. AlzO:B. LizOC. SO:D. COzE. None of the above

31. Hard water contains Mg2n and Ca2*. Boiline of water can remove some of this"hardness", forming the white, chalky deposit (limescale) in kettles. Which one ofthe following chemical equations best describe this phenomena?

A. CaCO3 + COz + HzO --+ Ca(HCO:)zB. Ca(HCOr)z * CaCOr + COz + HzOC. Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaCl---, CaClz + 2NaHCO3D. CaCOr --+ CaO + COzE. Ca(HCO3)2 + CaO --- 2CaCOt + H2O

32. Which one of the followins is most insoluble in water?

A. MgSOaB. CaSOaC. CaCOrD. BaQrlO3)2E. BaSOq

33. Which of the following do you expect to NOT happen when a piece of elementalCa is dropped into a solution of Mg(HCO3)2:

A. Evolution of H2 gas.B. Precipitation of Ca(OH)2C. Formation of elemental Mg.D. Precipitation of MgCO3E. Solution sets hot.

l t

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34. Chlorine (Cl2) gas dissolves in water, reaching an equilibrium:

cl2 + H2o HCIO + HCI

The oxidizing HClo species is used for many bleaching applications. Which ofthe following reactions CANNOT produce Cl2 gas?

A. Addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid to MnO2.B. Electrolysis of concentrated NaCl solution (brine).C. Addition of KMnO4 to concentrated hydrochloric acid.D. Addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid to bleach.E. Injection of Br2 gas into concentrated HCI solution.

35. Addition of NaCl to AgNO3 solution gives a white precipitate. Further addition ofNH:.HzO into this mixture dissolves the precipitate. Why?

A. Addition of NHg.HzO increases the pH of the solution, reversing theprecipitation reaction.

B. Addition of NH3.HzO increases the solubility of the precipitate, dissolving it.C. NH:'HzO coordinates to Ag* ions, forming complex ions that are solubie.D. Addition of NH3.HzO increases the volume of total solution, effectiveiy

increasing the total amount of AgCl dissolved in solution.E. All of the above.

36. Transition metals with d electron configuration and with four groups (ligands)attached are know to have square planar or tetrahedral structures. Which of thefollowing is NOT correct regarding these two structures with the same sets oflisands and metals?

Metal compounds with tetrahedral structures are more stericly crowded.Metal compounds with square planar structures are more stericly crowded.The type of structure adopted by the metal complexes may depend on the

metals and the ligands.There must be extra sources of stabilization for the type of structure that ismore strictly crowded.The type of structure adopted by a metal complex depends on the relativeenergy of these two systems.

A.B.C.

D.

E.

t2

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37. For the following molecules,

I. NHril. CH+III. HzOIV. BF:.

Anange them in the order of their bond angles (from largest to smallest)?

A. IV, III, il, IB. IV, I I , I , I I IC. II, IV,I, IIID. IV, I I , I I I , IE. II, IV,III, I

38. What is the electron structure (configuration) of the copper in CuI?

A. 3dt04slB. 3de4s0c. 3d1o4soD. 3dt04s2E. 3de4sr

39. Which metal is famous for its complexes that show antitumor activity?

A. SnB. NiC. PtD. IrE .F

40. How many isomers are there of butene?

A. 18 .2c.3D.48 .5

|f=l-'itn'\v

A. R-configurationB. S-configurationC. there is no stereochemistry becauseD. the R and S descriptors do not apply

carbonE. DL nomenclature should be employed

42.Inwhich of the following pairs of isomers have the same boiling points?

A. CH:CHz CHzCHzOH and (CH3)zCHCHzOH

B. CHr(CHz)qCHz and (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2

gH. ?".C. /\.,-"*.

and A

\2 %cH"

\- n1l -

and ctnrc"'Su

, HsC. .CHsano \_1/ - \H H

43. A compound has the molecular formula CsHro, and does not decolourise brommewater under the usual conditions. How manv structures are there that fit this data?

A. 1B .3c.4D.6E.9

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41. Consider the stereochemistry of the compound shown below. What could it bedescribed as?

the sulfur atom is planarbecause the central atom is sulfur. not

?*.D. n"Scntcr

H"C Ht r " \ /H CH3

t4

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44. Which of the following is NOT a nucleophile?

A. N(CH2CH3)3B. P(CeHs):C. CH3CH2OHD. CH:CHzCIE. CH:CHzLi

45. Which type of reaction does compound X below NOT undergo?

cH2cl

r^\i l t

YNoz

X

electrophilic addition.electrophilic substitution.free radical substitution.nucleophilic substitution.reduction.

46. What is the major product of the following reaction?

NaNH2.---......----* A.

c.

A.B.C.D.E.

,-YNHe

T*,7

Br

--Z-Y

Br

z/\-'-\z-

B.

D.

E.

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47. Which halogen would be substituted by the cyanide nucleophile for the followingcompound?

CI,CH, TAT C"." ' , '

l t , t IC H s

IBr

Cl onlyBr onlyF onlyCl and BrBr and F

48. When aqueous bromine is added to a solution of 2,6-dimethylphenylamine, the

color of the bromine disappears. Which one of the following statements explains

this observation?

2,6-dimethylphenylamine oxidizes Brz to Br'The NHz group of 2,6'dimethylphenylamine is substituted by Br.

Bromine replaces hydrogen in the benzene ring at the ortho position.

Bromine forms a colorless complex with 2,6-dimethylphenylamine.Bromine replaces hydrogen in the benzene ring at the para position.

A.B.C.D.E.

A.B.C.D.E.

t6

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49. You are tasked to prepare the following compound from an organic startingmaterial and any inorganic reagents in three steps or less:

?"

Which of theof the desired

|/^LJ ' cNA.

B.

C.

D.

CH"t -

E.

O'-'";''CH.t -

O"n'''CH"t "

Crtt'ot

C H qt -

O"''''

O"''";*"following starting material is expected to give you the lowest yieldproduct?

?"

I /

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50. Which of the compound(s) X, Y and Z depicted below is(are) possible product(s)from the followins reaction?

6. ,HH:Cr..-C-^- Br

U-Y Y-HCH3 CH3

H. ,HH3C-^-C-^-OCH3

H-Y Y-HcH3 cH3

compound z

cH30

H.rH A, r HHeC-c-C-czcHz HrC_c-Ct.CH.' i*, *'E*, I

compound X compound Y

A. X onlyB. Y onlyC. Z onlyD. All X, Y and Z are possible productsE. None of X, Y andZ are possible products

51. You are tasked to make the following compound :

CH,.H"C- l'rt"")"..OrCH2CH3

Which of the following sets of reagents would you choose to carry out the reactionin order to obtain the highest yield of the desired product?

CH.Hrc-A BrcH2cH3 Na

A. H3C---oH

9HsH3C-6. HOCH2CH3 Na, . ' ̂ z v : ^

B. flsU trr

9HsH3C-A BTCH2CH3 Na2CO3

C. H3C' - -OH

CHaHec-A HocH2cH3 Na2Co3

D. HgC- -Br

l 8

E. All of the above.

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52. which of the following is the correct order of decreasing acidity?

A. CoHsOH > CH3CO2H > CH3CH2OH > CH:CH:B. CoHsOH > CeHsOH > CH3CHzOH > CHTCHTC. CH3CH3 > CH3CHzOH > CH3CH2OH > CeHsOHD. CH3CH2OH > CHrCH: > CH:COzH > CeHsOHE. CH:COzH > C6H5OH > CH:CHzOH > CH:CH:

53. A student has an equal proportion of the following 2 compounds mixed together:

OH OH CH.l l t "

-\ HrC. .cH- .cH-aa\

'"--cH' -cH' 'cHsI t ) l | |%CH, t t , t t t .ar"

He proceeded to dissolve both compounds in diethyl ether. He then added anequal volume of 10% NaOH solution to this diethyl ether solution. The mixturewas shaken and then allowed to stand. The diethyl ether layer was then separatedand the diethyl ether was evaporated to leave a residue. This residue was subjectedto a dehydration reaction using concentrated HzSO+ and a final product mixturewas obtained containing several compounds. How many distinct organiccompounds are present?

A .0B . 1c.2D.3E.4

54. The following reaction can be classified as

o

A Hso*

VHsc bH.

CHa

A. EliminationB. RearrangementC. OxidationD. ReductionE. Addition

CHs

T9

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55. The most appropriate reagents for the following transformation would beo

Hrc\AnoHI

Hrcs-,/

A. CrO3, HzSO+B. KOHC. orD. HBrE. NazSO+

*r"\.,*O1-t " '

HzCs,,/

56. Which of the following is the correct order of reactivity for the reaction ofcarboxylic acid derivatives with nucleophiles?

A. acyl chloride > acyl anhydride > carboxylic ester > carboxylic amideB. carboxylic arnide > carboxylic ester > acyl anhydride > acyl chlorideC. acyl anhydride > acyl chloride > carboxylic ester > carboxylic amideD. carboxylic ester > acyl chloride > acyl anhydride > carboxylic amideE. acyl chloride > carboxylic ester > acyl anhydride > carboxylic amide

57. Which one of the followins statements is true?

LiAII{4 reduction of carboxylic acids is muchLiAlH4 reduction of aldehydes.LiAlH4 reduction of aldehydes is much slowerreduction of carboxylic acids.

C. LiAlH4 reduction of carboxylic acids occurs at the same kinetic rate as that forthe analogous LiAlFIa reduction of aldehydes.

D. LiAlru cannot reduce aldehydes but can reduce carboxylic acids.E. LiAlH4 cannot reduce carboxyiic acids or aldehydes.

58. The best reagent to carry out the following transformation would be:

A.

B.

slower than the analogous

than the analogous LiAFI4

cHot -

|-%*o,

A. HNO:B. HNOzC. NaNOrD. HNO3, HzSO+E. none of the above

20

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59. The formula for the amino acid serine is NH2CH(CH2OH)CO2H. When serine isacidified with hydrochloric acid the organic ion formed has the formula:

A. \.IH3CH(CH2OH)CO2HB. NH2CH(CH2OH)CO2'c. NHCH(CHzOH)COzHD. NH2CH(CHzOH)COzHz*E. NHTCUICH2OH)CO2-

60. The structural formula for the amino acid alanine is: NH2CH(CH3)COzH. Whichof the following is NOT a property of alanine?

A. A dilute solution of alanine has a pH of about 4.B. Synthetic alanine made by non-biological methods is optically inactive.C. When warmed with ninhydrin a colour develops.D. Aqueous alanine acts as a buffer solution.E. An aqueous solution of alanine at pH 7 is believed to exist as a zwitterion.

21

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o f i\ F f fq *

$ f r$l

"1 *F: N F

A O

S e ,$ ? T l* - t

4 q lh

#Q , . r #+(n n

i r f i

o Es i > s * o o

l * l

l ;e$ || * o l

q

N

p ( J * 1- i i 6

N

F ( . ) Eu * Eo ; 6r - n

b

n E0r f i

o - F, d J #

q o $f r z?* o i Y g l

I r g

n ^ S'ri # lts * ! l

H $

6

* v f t$

t;. : f ;

NCTCOT

lmportant velues, constant$ and standards

mclar gas constant

the Faraday constant

tfe Avogadro conslant

the Planck constant

speed of ligf* in a 'ra6uum

rest mass of pruton, lH

rest mass of netrtron.,]n

r€st m€ss af ebcron, _!le

elactronic charge

rnolarvolume of gas

{wt}er€ s,!p. is expressed

i$fti8 Froduc.t of ril,ater

TAtsLES OF CHEMIOJTL S,ATA

= $"31 ,.! K-t' mol-l'

r 9.S$ x 104 C mofl

p S.02 x 1d3 msl-t

* $,€3 x '1,0-s J s

c +3.00 x 1o8 m e-t'

np : 1'$7 x 10-t kg

rnn = 1-6'7 x 1Cr:? kg

rn€ = $, 11 x 10.31 kg

e =-1.60x 10-n$ C

Ym = 22,4 dms mal-r ats.Lp.

4" = 24 dms,mol-l under rsom usnditisnsas 101 kPa" approximately.end2?s K {0 6C}}

IE

specific leat capacity 6f u ater

,fu * 1.00 x l frt{ nrof dm-8(at298 K I2S.CJJ

= 4..18 k",t tg., $,{* 4.18. i C K"l

/ )

NCTCOT

$tandardrelectrode potential and ressx potentials, E* al 2$B K {i5 rC}

For ease of reference, tr,rro tabulations are frilren:

an extended list in alphabetical order:a shsrter list in de,creasing srder of magnitude, i.e. a rednx series.

{a} f* inatphabetcal ordar

ia){b}

Electrod€ reactisn

Ag'* e ' *AF*+ 3e-^ 2 {E a + . l e w

8r2 + 3e- s

Ca?* +2e s

Cf2 + 29" *

2 l " lOCI+2 l - { ' * 2 " wcg:' + 2e @

co* '+ €-

[CoiNFlsl*f" + 2s s

Cf +2g q*

Cf- +3e- &

Ctln * g' *

Crs$7?". 14F{ + 6e- &, C u o + d e

Cul*+ 2g' g

Cu2't'+ e: @j

lCu{NHs}61'z'' + 2e" &

F 2 + ? d & ,

Fe?' + 2a rr

FeY + 3e: d

F e F + e s

fFe{C1.,tr)els + d sr

Fe{0H}3 + s @

2N +2e" @

1 a + 2 9 s

K + e '' r l

L l + e & '

htgl' + 26 @

Mn2o + 2e. s

M n t u + e - *

tdn0. * 4t"l* + 2g @,MnOn-+ e' s,

Mn0n'+.tFl. + 3e- #

MnQo'+ SH" + $+ @

N0.-+ !P"{ ' '+ g @

NC)3- + ill''ln + 2e s'

NOr-+ {6P{ '+gg s t r

Na'' + e di

f*!iz" + 2e @

AS

l lr

/.rjl

H

CI2+ 2H20

f - ^2{

Cs + &Nf"{r

Cr2'2Gr*''+ ?HzO

C,u

Cu'

Cu + 4NFIrt l

FeFe

Fe?'

[Fe(CF{$]cFe{OFl;. + 61"6Hr,

2r'K

Li

M,g

MnMna

Mn2" + ]P1rgMnOat'

l,'ln0r + 21'1rgMnJ* + 4t'{:0

NO2 + Fl2OHNOr + 1'1rgl

NHa" + $P1rgl'la

f.li

ERrv

+G.S0-'l "0s-2.!}0

+1 "l)7-z-t5/

+ | "*lD

+'tr.64-s.e8+1 "S2

-s.$1-0.7r1

" U . t I

+1 ,33

+u.az

*0.34+G,15-s-s5+ t . a {

-u-+.+

+S.7J+0"3ti

-u.$b

0.00+0.Fi-s.s2-3.S4

-/.sa,t ..1$

+1.4$* | "1.$

+fj.56

+1 .67+1 .52+0.81+$.s4

+0"87\ 4 4

-s.26

- t A/ +

NCTCOT

s

#

w

?4

s

All ionic states refur to sqriesus isns but cther state symbols haus been umitted

lNi{NHs}6f' + 2a

Fl2,Ct +2K +2g-

0t + 4H' +.1e*

Oz*tF{rO+4e'(b + ZFf'+ 2e-

2FlzQ + 2s

Fba' * te.

Pba. + telFb0 r+41 - f+2e -

SSaz' +.$F{' + 2e'

S20s2-+ 2s'

SuOu2t+ 2s:

$n2' + le

$na' + ?*-, t { ^ -v + z e

' , J 1v . F g

VOe + 2H*'+ s'VOl:

+ 2H'''+ e'

\t'0s + 4l-ln'+ e

Zn?* + 2e"

Ni + dNt"b2H?O4n2l"J

40Fr*l'lz0z

F{, + 10t-{-pb

pbzn

Pbl' + 2l'{r0

SOs + 21"{rO^^^ 2-t$L,ra^ ^ ^ 2 -Zi'zul

$n

Sr*2*ld

v*V$ + l-{2O

\t{f* + HtO

V0rn + 2l"lz0

4n

-0.51

+"1.77+1.23

+0,4CI+0.s&-CI.83-0.13

+1.S'9+1.47*fi {?

+2.{i1+0.ss-t.,14

+0.tr5-1.f0-s.?n+il.34

+1.$CI

+1.80

-0.?s

25

NCTCOT

tb) F in,decresin,s srder cf oNidising powsr

{see alss f:e extenSed alplrabetic,al list on t}e prevtous page*}

Electrode reaction

F e + 2 4

$xos2'* 2s', f ' l i ( f+?Ff l+tel

Mn0q'+ SN + 5e:FbC)2 + 4h{-'+ le-

Cf2 + 2s- *i

Cr2Of+14N-+$s8r2 + |9:

l* tr$e-+2F{"+e"

Ag"+ g:

Fe3"+ g"

t ^ + / 9. z

Or+3FlzO+4e-

Crf" + 1g s$8a&+4Ff+ te-

S,na' + Be lis

S,rffnb+ 2s' w

ZFf + te' #

Pbb + 2s {6

S#*+2s wFgln + 2g ,Ftr

z#" * fe' ff

Mgln + 2d &

Cez" + 2g' a,

K + e ' s

AT

25qc-

2HsSMnr* + 4h{r0

Fh?*+ 2HzOt t - r

t0r3'' + ?F{r,Satsrf{0r + I"{rSAg

Fs?*z-1

4s|{'C,u$&+ 2nrs$rnlo

f$r&"l-{,p h

$nFe?a

Mg

K

s

tf

E*rtl'F2..$I

+2.S1

+1.Tf+1.52+1.4?+ t . J s

r I ..].]

+1"fiY

+0.S1+CI.80

+$.77+0.54

+0.40.+s.34

+0.1?+0."15+$.s$

0"00. U . I J

-s.14-fi.44-s"?fl-2"38- L - 4 t

-2.92

26