CHEMISTRY PROJECTOn Determination Of T he Contents Of Cold Drinks

Name: Sourabh vikas nebSession : 2014-2015Roll Number : 28School: Kendriya vidyalaya no-3 morar cantt Gwalior

AIM

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVEANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OFCOLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.

PURPOSE

In recent days, soft drink brands were put intovarious questions regarding their purity. Newsflashed that they contain harmful pesticide, whicharouse many interest in knowing its contents becauseI have been drinking them for years. I wanted toconfirm that whether the charge imposed on thesebrands are true or not.Another fact which inspired me to do this project isthat I am in touch with qualitative analysis whoseknowledge with other factors helped me to do so.

CERTIFICATE

This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuineinvestigation work has been carried out to investigateabout the subject matter and the related datacollection and investigation has been completedsolely, sincerely and satisfactorily by ____________________of class ______school ___________________, regarding his project titled

Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks.

Teachers Signature

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincerethanks to My Chemistry Teachers Mrs. Neelam sharma, in providing a helping hand in this project. Their valuable guidance, support and supervision all through this project titled

Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks,

are responsible for attaining its present form.

SOURABH VIKAS NEBXII-A

CONTENTS

IntroductionApparatusTheoryDetection of pHTest for Carbon DioxideTest for GlucoseTest for AlcoholTest for SucroseResultConclusion

INTRODUCTION

The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but theindustrialization in India marked its beginning withlaunching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group ofcompanies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks washighly profitable and luring, many multinationalcompanies launched their brands in India like Pepsiand Coke.Now days, it is observed in general that majority ofpeople viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to givefeeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up toactivate pulse and brain.

APPARATUS

Test TubeTest Tube HolderTest Tube StandStop WatchBeakerBurnerpH PaperTripod StandChina DishWire GaugeWater Bath

THEORY

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These softdrinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy tastewhich is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for theformation of froth on shaking the bottle.The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acidwhich is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are thenaturally occurring organic compounds and are major source ofenergy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates isCX (H2O)Y.On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is amonosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State inthe ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is alsopresent in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is oneof the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widelydistributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of manyplants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice whichcontain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It isproduced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducingin nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidicin nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pHvalue. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such ascitric acid and phosphoric acid.

DETECTION OF PH

EXPERIMENT

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tubeand put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticedand was compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid andphosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different dueto the variation in amount of acidic contents.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

EXPERIMENT

As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passedthrough lime water. The lime water turned milky.

OBSERVATON

INFERENCE

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbondioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsiblefor its tangy taste.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)

TEST FOR GLUCOSE

EXPERIMENT

Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-

1. BENEDICTSS REAGENT TEST:-

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tubeand a few drops of Benedicts reagent were added. The test tube was heatedfor few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence ofglucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON

INFERENCE

All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedicts reagent.Hence all the drinks contain glucose.

2. FEHLINGS SOLUTION TEST

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tubeand a few drops of Fehlings A solution and Fehlings B solution was addedin equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in colddrinks.

OBSERVATON

INFERENCE

All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehlings (A & B)solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

EXPERIMENT

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubesand Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hotwater bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitateconfirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

OBSERVATON

INFERENCE

All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the colddrinks contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2OTEST FOR SUCROSE

EXPERIMENT

5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate chinadishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black coloredresidue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON

INFERENCE

All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose variesin each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.

RESULT

After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold drinks namely:

1. Coca Cola2. Sprite3. Limca4. Fanta

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide.

All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken.

CARBON DIOXIDE

Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximumamount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

CONCLUSION

DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As theycontain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetespatients.2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the bodysnatural ability to suppress hunger feeling.3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are alsoharmful for our bones.4. Soft drinks contain phosphoric acid which has a pH of 2.8. So theycan dissolve a nail in about 4 days.5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must usethe hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmfulto our body.

USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent detergent to remove grease from clothes.5. They can loose a rusted bolt.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRYBY- VEENA SURI

DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRYBY- S.K. MALHOTRA

WEBSITES www.icbse.com