Chem 202 Project

Infrastructure Maintenance Gaida Escobar, Brittany Wertman, Ahmed N., Ben LeCrone

Diminishing Oil = Diminishing Infrastructure = No More Cookies!

https://www.google.com/search?q=cookies&biw=1292&bih=691&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=Dp4hVavKOMO0ggSX0YHoDw&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ#tbm=isch&q=chocolate+chip+cookies&revid=1754116519&imgdii=_&imgrc=bXorUmXmxTbn-M%253A%3BHA6q7u9p5ci9QM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fs3.amazonaws.com%252Fgmi-digital-library%252Fa5371459-75b5-4545-b1b9-89bcf1ffb9dc.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bettycrocker.com%252Frecipes%252Fultimate-chocolate-chip-cookies%252F77c14e03-d8b0-4844-846d-f19304f61c57%3B800%3B450

Quote from Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)

With the exception of preventing war, [a diminishing oil supply] is the greatest challenge our country will face during our lifetimes.

http://sites.psu.edu/english202cjdc/2013/10/31/the-diminishing-oil-reserve-its-effect-on-the-world-and-potential-game-changers/

Global - ScaleWith the impending oil peak in production, it is likely to lead to:

Economic Chaos Geopolitical Tensions War Revolution Terrorism Famine

The Oil Depletion Protocol

Nations would agree to reduce their oil productions and imports

Effects

Allow nations and companies to plan their economic future Reduce international competition for remaining oil sources

Protocol States:

The world and every nation shall aim to reduce oil consumption by at least the world depletion rate

No country shall produce oil at above its present depletion rate

No country shall import [oil] at above the world depletion rate

http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/getting_over_oil/

Oil in Everyday LifeMost plastics are derived from oil:

The keyboard on which you type The casings of your monitor and printer The pen you used today Much of our food and drink is packaged in plastic containers Hospitals rely on disposable plastic supplies Much of a vehicles interior is plastic.

What about the tires on your car, the carpet under your feet, the cellphone in your hand, the shingles on your roof, or the tar paper used to build your home? Oil was involved to manufacture all of these. The medications taken by millions of people require oil to produce. Synthetic textiles such as nylon and rayon rely on petroleum. Even the shirt you are wearing is likely made from oil, if it is polyester.http://realtruth.org/articles/081203-007-analysis.html

Oil Effects on Small Business

When thinking about Private Infrastructure, think about Small Businesses.

Diminishments of oil supplies dont only affect the structure of the building itself, but the retirements fund for those involved.

http://www.click2houston.com/news/price-drop-in-oil-could-affect-future-retirement/30822822

Oil Effects on HomesWith diminishing oil supplies, effects will be seen on the ability to transport and construct safe and secure homes.

Shingles Sealants Tar Paper Paint Fuel for Transportation Increase Cost Job Loss Change of location - walking

Building Homes While Saving The Environment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPxXH7rCSHQ

Bridge Maintenance Goals:

Cleaning ( 2 years)Ensure proper drainage ( 2 years)Maintain driving surface ( 4 years)Lubricate bridge bearings ( 4 years)Painting bridge steel ( 12 years or as needed)

ftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/Bridge/Maintenance/Fundamentals%20of%20Bridge%20Maintenance%20and%20Inspection.pdf

Cleaning and drainagePower broomsHigh pressure washersLoading equipment TrucksPersonal Protective Equipment

Painting, Sealing, LubricatingLiftsPaintPPE

Concrete sawCrack sealerCrack sealer melter

GreaseHydraulic jackPenetrating oilLubricating oil

Early Roadways

Gravel vs PavedCost over 50 years per mile

Gravel RoadLow use: $274,863High use: $4,122,947

Paved RoadsCost to convert $64,782All use: $656,587

1992 figures from Maine http://www.maine.gov/mdot/csd/mlrc/documents/pdf/Richmond1993PavedvsGravelStudy.pdf

RoadwaysModern roadways are made of a mix of sand, gravel, and asphalt.

Seal Coating (3 years)Crack sealing (as needed)Pothole repair (as needed)

PaverAsphalt TruckRoller

http://www.srmcp.com/downloads/SRM_Asphalt%20_Maintenance.pdf

Industry and Energy Consumption The manufacturing industry used 127 EJ in 2010. Approximately of global energy demand. China alone deman 30% of global energy demand in manufacturing It estimated that global industrial energy use will grow by 45% to 185 EJ in

year 2030 Most energy consuming sectors:

a. basic metals industry b. chemical and petrochemical industry (olefins & aromatics)c. non-metallic materials ( cement)

Another growing energy demand is feedstock

http://irena.org/remap/REmap%202030%20Renewable-Energy-in-Manufacturing.pdf

http://irena.org/remap/REmap%202030%20Renewable-Energy-in-Manufacturing.pdf*Exa =1.0E+18

Costs of renewable energy tech.Average cost of substituting renewable energy technologies into the global manufacturing industry, 2030

10% 43% Cost-supply (blue curve) Biomass supply (grey) 80% under 0 USD limited biomass (15%)


Economic realisableThe economic realisable potential of renewable energy technologies in the manufacturing industry, with a breakdown by regions, 2030.

RE potential for Asia (9.7 EJ) RE potential for Africa (2.6 EJ) RE potential for middle east (0.7 EJ)


Oil Today There is estimates of a trillion barrels of accessible untapped oil The US

Imports more oil than any other country in the world. Every day the US produces over 8 million barrels of oil. Reserve contains 725 million barrels of crude oil hidden away.

http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/aftermath/episodes/world-without-oil/

Reserves Around The World

What if oil ran out?DAY 1 WITHOUT OIL-Scenario

Over 100,000 gas stations across the country would be pumped dry, the same would happen around the world.

Gas prices would skyrocket. In terms of transportation, the government would shut down planes, trains,

boats, etc. Panic forces the government to halt stock trading, just life after 9/11

2 trillion dollars of oil stock would be worthless Hospitals, food and power would be crippled. Millions of people would lose their jobs.



Unemployment would be over 30%. 3000 trucks that would deliver fresh fruits and vegetables across the country

from California would sit idle. Power Plants

40% of the world's electricity comes from coal burning power plants. In England, some power plants burn coal that comes as far away as the

US. All arrives by train. But without oil, the trains cant function to bring coal to

power plants. As a result, blackouts being.



Emergency oil reserves are converted into diesel fuel for cargo trains to deliver coal to power plants.

Electricity would be delivered through a system of isolated power grids, no longer sent from grid to grid.

Transporting food by trains would rapidly drain the US oil reserves. Farms would be devoted to growing corn for ethanol, a fuel alternative for gas

powered cars.


What if oil ran out?1+ YEARS WITHOUT OIL-Scenario

Death toll could reach 20 million. Without deliveries of feed, farms cant feed cattle, chicken, pigs, etc. Natural disasters devastate cities, and as a result buildings, roads, houses,

bridges, etc. cannot be rebuilt. Trash is piled up everywhere. Diseases spread easily causing epidemics. People that live in the north would migrate to the south to avoid the harsh

winters. Lithium

Found in batteries Sought out as an electric alternative for energy


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Chem 202 Project