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To identify preferred rice varieties and traits of farmersand consumers in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, a focus group discussionwith farmers was conducted and rural consumers who are purchasing ricein the Guimba and Munoz markets were interviewed. Rice samples fromthe two markets were collected and analyzed. Preliminary analyses willbe presented. This study contributes to the understanding of ricepreferences of consumers and rice value chain actors with the aim ofidentifying a set of priority traits to be considered in developingand disseminating new rice varieties in the Philippines.Ms. Aparna Ajjarpu2014 World Food Prize Borlaug-Ruan InternInternational Rice Research InstituteSocial Sciences DivisionLos Baños, Laguna Philippines
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RICE PREFERENCES OF FARMERS AND RURAL CONSUMERS
MY 2014 WORLD FOOD PRIZE BORLAUG-RUAN INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
Aparna S. AjjarapuMarket Research Team, Social Sciences Division (SSD)
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
WORLD FOOD PRIZE
BORLAUG-RUAN INTERNSHIP• Established by Nobel Peace Prize Winner,
Norman Borlaug and philanthropist, John Ruan
• Aims to encourage young people to get involved in issues relating to food insecurity and improving global food systems
• 24 high school students selected across America for an eight-week all expense paid internship experience at research centers across the globe
• Selected from Ames, IA and stationed in the Philippines at IRRI, SSD under the supervision of Dr. Alice Laborte
1. Introduction2. Project objective3. Methods
-Rice preferences of rural consumers-Rice preferences of farmers
4. Results- Rice preferences of rural consumers- Rice preferences of farmers
5. Further Research6. Application7. Cultural Experiences
OUTLINE
• The population of the Philippines is estimated to be at 100 million with the annual growth rate at 2%, one of the highest in the world
• Rice is a staple food in the Philippines; annual rice consumption is 119 kg per person
• IRRI is working to breed higher yielding rice varieties to meet the demands of the increasing population
• An assessment of preferred rice varieties and traits of the different actors in the rice value chain is very important
INTRODUCTION
Appraisal of the rice preferences of farmers and rural consumers in Nueva Ecija province, Philippines
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
STUDY AREANueva Ecija Province
• Top rice growing province in the Philippines
• Population: 2 million
• Rice area: 315 thousand ha
• Average rice yield: 5.3 t/ha (National average: 3.9 t/ha)
METHODS:RICE PREFERENCES OF
RURAL CONSUMERS
METHODS
1. Developed and tested the rice preferences questionnaire.
-Socio-demographic information -Rice consumption -Rice trait rating and ranking task
Includes questions regarding
2. Interviewed 15 consumers from Guimba
Market and 15 consumers from Muñoz Market.
Criteria for selection of respondents:-not a farmer/does not own a farm
3. The interview location was identified with GPS
device.
*Map by Mr. Neale Paguirigan
Location of market interview
5. Measured whiteness, transparency and milling degree of rice samples
using a milling/whiteness meter.
6. Data analysis.
4. Purchased rice samples bought by
respondents. A total of 17 rice samples
were collected from 14 stores from both
markets.
Milling/whiteness meter
Interviewing rice consumers
*Guimba Market
Interviewing rice consumers
*Muñoz market
Meeting National Food Authority staff
METHODS:RICE PREFERENCES OF
FARMERS
METHODS1. Developed individual farmer survey and focus group discussion guide
(FGD).
-Socio-demographic information -Rice seed preference-Rice trait rating/ranking task
Interview/discussion
topics
2. Six farmers (4 females and 2 males) were selected
for the FGD. The farmers were individually
interviewed and the FGD was conducted afterwards.
Criteria for selecting farmers:-Farming for past 5yrs or more- Women actively involved in farming/making decisions- Farmers are not seed growers
3. Data analysis.
Location of FGD
*Map by Mr. Neale Paguirigan
Tampak Village
Interviewing farmers
Conducting focus group discussion
RESULTS:RURAL CONSUMER
PREFERENCES
Table 1. Profile of respondents
Table 2. Rice purchase and consumption habits
Table 3. Rice purchases
Table 4. What characteristics do you like about current rice you buy that should not be changed in the future?
Top three considerations of consumers when buying rice
1. Low price2. Soft texture3. High volume expansion
20 25 30 35 40 45 5038
40
42
44
46
48
50
Guimba MarketMuñoz Market
Price(pesos/kg)
Av
era
ge
Pe
rce
nt
Wh
ite
ne
ss
(%
)
(R² = 0.56)
Graph 1. Whiteness vs. Price
20 30 40 500.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Guimba MarketMuñoz Market
Price (pesos/kg)
Av
era
ge
Pe
rce
nt
Tra
ns
pa
ren
cy
(%
)
Graph 2.
Transparency vs. Price
20 25 30 35 40 45 5080
90
100
110
120
130
140
Guimba MarketMuñoz Market
Price (pesos/kg)
Av
era
ge
Mil
lin
g D
eg
ree
(R² = .57)
Graph 3. Milling Degree vs. Price
• Most important consideration for consumers when buying rice is price
• Softness of cooked grains is the most important rice characteristic to consumers
• Rice price is not correlated with whiteness, milling degree and transparency for Guimba Market
• Rice price is moderately correlated with milling degree and whiteness for Muñoz Market
• Results from this study show a slight increase in whiteness of purchased rice from 40% (Abansi et al, 1992 – data collected in 1987) to 46% (this study)
SUMMARY
RESULTS:RICE PREFERENCES OF
FARMERS
Table 1. Socio-demographic information
Table 2. Top three rice varieties preferred by farmers
*Characteristics of rice varieties as perceived by farmers
Table 3. Characteristics of preferred rice seed varieties
*Data from rice varietal release data base
Table 4. Characteristics of preferred rice varieties
Figure 1.
Rating of stress tolerance and agronomic traits
High yielding
Heavy grains
Sturdy spikelets
Short duration
Disease resistant
Pest resistant
Flood resistant
Drought resistant
Resistant to lodging
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Dry SeasonWet season
Rating
Ag
ron
mic
/Str
es
s T
ole
ran
ce
Tra
its
Rating of Grain Quality TraitsFigure 2.
Rating of grain quality traits
White and translucent
Grains don't easily break
Long and slender grains
Reasonably priced/cheap
High milling recovery
High demand/marketable
Aromatic/smell
Easy to cook
Expands when cooked
Soft
0 1 2 3 4 5
Rating
Gra
in Q
ua
lity
Tra
its
Table 5. Top rice characteristics preferred by farmers
1.High yielding2.High demand and marketable3.High milling recovery4.Heavy grains5.Translucent and white6.Drought resistant during dry
season
Table 6.
SUMMARY
• NSIC Rc 222 is preferred by farmers during both the wet and dry seasons
• Most important consideration of farmers in selecting varieties is high yield
• Preferred varieties have amylose content between 20.5-24
• The rice samples collected from this study will be sent to the grain quality and nutrition lab for analysis
• The results will be matched with the rice preferences of other actors in the rice value chain
FURTHER WORK
• The results from this project will be combined with those of surveys on other rice value chain actors conducted by the Market Research Team.
• Combined analyses will be provided to rice breeders at IRRI so that they can include priority traits into new varieties of rice they are developing.
APPLICATION
• Cebu City Tripo Observed interviews for the rice
preferences of rice retailers and wholesalers/suppliers.
• Tour of Grain Quality Lab• Sorting impurities of rice
samples• Physical
characteristics(color, grain length)
• Measuring rice expansion after cooking
• Measuring amylose content
OTHER EXPERIENCES
Getting a tour of grain quality lab
CULTURAL EXPERIENCES
CULTURAL EXPERIENCES
CULTURAL EXPERIENCES
CULTURAL EXPERIENCES
The International Rice Research InstituteThe Social Science Division
Alice LaborteLina Diaz
Lydia DamianLudy Velasco
Neale Paguirigan Claire Custudio
The World Food PrizeLisa Fleming, Director of Global Youth
Programs
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you.
Any Questions?