Police Activities Patrol Traffic Enforcement K-9 SWAT Gang Unit
Undercover Crime Prevention Corrections Dispatch School Resource
Detectives Forensics
Slide 5
Define Justice What is right and fair. A standard of fairness
where it is judged whether each person is rewarded what he/she is
due. Who determines what is right and fair?
Slide 6
Which comes first, Laws or Morality? As people grow, they
develop feelings that certain actions are right or wrong. These
feelings are created by parents, school, religion, country,
friends, and others. These ideas about duties and ethics we will
refer to as morality, although many refer to these feelings as a
conscience.
Slide 7
Which comes first Morality or Laws? When enough people with
political power within the government agree that an action should
be labeled right or wrong and that everyone should be made to
follow their decision, a law is then created
Slide 8
Are all laws enforced?? Is it feasible to enforce all laws all
the time?
Slide 9
Discretion Who gets to decide whether or not to enforce a law?
Judges Prosecutors Police
Slide 10
Polygamy Jay Walking Curfew Some traffic laws Speeding,
Improper turns, Vehicle condition Truancy Laws not widely
enforced
Slide 11
Why arent they Enforced Lack of public consensus that the law
should be enforced. Widespread violation Limited manpower Low
priorities.
Slide 12
History of Law Enforcement The Code of Hammurabi The first set
of written laws. Started In 2000 B.C in Babylon Enforced by
messengers
Slide 13
Police Greek word polis which means city or state.
Slide 14
History of Law Enforcement 1200 B.C. Assyrian Empire: court
system 700 B.C. Egypt: marine or customs police 400 B.C. Persian
Empire: police to protect roads and postal system
Slide 15
Roman Empire The Roman Empire was the first non-military police
force established in the city. They were known as vigils. Weapons
were wooden clubs and short swords
Slide 16
Tithing System 9 th century, King Alfred of England Villages
organized into groups of ten families. Ten families a tithing, the
leader Tithingman. Tithingman raised the hue and cry
Slide 17
Norman Philosophy of Law Enforcement Normans invaded England in
1066 Crimes were now viewed as being committed against the state
and not the individual victim. Villages located in Shires. The king
appointed a Reeve to control the Shire The Reeve was able to enlist
the aid of all able bodied men in the shire in order to form a
posse comitatus to respond to violations of law.
Slide 18
England started many traditions The watch and ward system. Law
enforcement by citizens. Sir Robert Peel Judge Henry Fielding
started the bow street runners The Magna Charta The Statute of
Winchester was the first attempt to organize a systematic police
system
Slide 19
The word Sheriff Shires = Counties Reeve = Chief law
enforcement officer Shire-reeve evolved into Sheriff
Slide 20
England in 1215 The Magna Carter signed reducing the kings
power. Law enforcement again became community based. Watch and Ward
system
Slide 21
Watch and Ward System The patrol function within a community
Any male between 15 and 60 Watch = night patrol Ward = day patrol
Sir Robert Peel called it shiver and shake. Shiver from cold shake
from fear
Slide 22
The Statute of Winchester Created in 1285 First English attempt
at systematic police Created Bailiffs Created Sergeants Continues
until the sixteenth century when the industrial revolution ends
unpaid civilian police.
Slide 23
Henry Fielding 1737, the king allows cities to tax for police.
Magistrate of Bow Street Court Didnt like the watchmen and
constables. Created the Bow Street Runners Officer working directly
for the judge.
Slide 24
Sir Robert Peel An Aristocrat in 1829 Served as member of
Parliament, Undersecretary of war, Chief Secretary of Ireland, Home
Secretary of England, Prime Minister Introduced the Metropolitan
Police Improvement Bill. English police officers are still
nicknamed Bobbies after Peels first name. (5,2)
Slide 25
Sir Robert Peel Felt the primary responsibility of a police
officer was to serve the public. He truly believed, The police are
the public and the public are the police.
Slide 26
Peels Tenants and Beliefs Police organized along military lines
Police under government control Absence of crime best proves police
efficiency. Must distribute crime news Deploy police strength by
time and area Policemen should have a controlled tempter, quiet and
determined manner
Slide 27
Peels Tenants and Beliefs Cont. Good appearance commands
respect Proper selection and training of police is root of
efficiency Officers must have identifying numbers Police
headquarters should be centrally located and easily accessible to
public Probation for new hires Police crime records are necessary
to best distribute police Peels principles are still valid today.
(7&8)
Slide 28
Policing in America Citizens distrust central authority Elect
law enforcement officials Use a watch and ward system Around 1658
initiated a paid patrol, these watchmen wore the first American
police uniforms, continued until 1830s In 1700 watchmen became
civilian rather that military police
Slide 29
Policing in America In the 1830s Peelian reform influences
American police 1844 New York appoints first chief 1853, formal
training, uniforms reappear Mobs and riots 1849
Slide 30
Policing in America Philadelphia first merit system for
advancement 1835, Texas Rangers first State Police Agency. Now all
states have State Police or Highway Patrol. Massachusetts State
Police to investigate local police Pennsylvania State Police to
deal with striking coal miners 1789, U. S. Marshals first federal
agency 1870, Bureau of Investigation created for transportation of
women across state lines for immoral purposes, 1935 name changes to
the FBI.
Slide 31
Policing in America Continued Three basic functions of Law
Enforcement Combating Criminal Violations. Enforcing Laws Provide
miscellaneous services (jails, ambulance, etc.)
Slide 32
Policing in America continued As of January 1, 2008 Utah has
approximately 4,706 Sworn police officers. (10,3) Of all Police
Departments nationally in 2008, 11.9% were female. Of all Sheriffs
Departments nationally in 2007, 13.6% were female Nationally 2.5
Officers per 1,000 citizens. In Utah, 1.8 Officers per 1,000
citizens.
Slide 33
The Bill of Rights March 1, 1781 Articles of Confederation
ratified. May 14, 1787 Constitutional Convention Connecticut
Compromise, The Great Compromise. Deals with representation in
House & Senate Completes the writing of the Constitution
Slide 34
The Bill of Rights James Madsen pushes the 1 st congress to
discuss a bill of rights 124 proposed amendments 90 introduced
amendments 12 submitted for ratification 10 become The Bill of
Rights
Slide 35
AMENDMENT I Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or
the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
Government for a redress of grievances.
Slide 36
AMENDMENT II A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
security of free State, the right of the people to keep and bear
Arms, shall not be infringed. (12,2)
Slide 37
AMENDMENT III No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered
in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of War,
but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Slide 38
AMENDMENT IV The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches
and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue,
but on probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons
or things to be seized.
Slide 39
AMENDMENT V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of
a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces,
or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public
danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be
twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled in
any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived
of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor
shall private property be taken for public use, without just
compensation.
Slide 40
AMENDMENT VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall
enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury
of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been
committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;
to be confronted with the witness against him; to have compulsory
process for obtaining Witnesses in his favor and to have the
Assistance of Counsel for his defense.
Slide 41
AMENDMENT VII In suits at common law, where the value in
controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury
shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
re-examined in any court of the United States, then according to
the rules of the common law.
Slide 42
AMENDMENT VIII Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
imposed.
Slide 43
AMENDMENT IX The enumeration in the constitution of certain
rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained
by the people.
Slide 44
AMENDMENT X The powers not delegated to the United States by
the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved
to the States, respectively, or to the people.
Slide 45
AMENDMENT XIV Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are
citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the
privileges or immunities of the citizens of the United States; nor
shall the State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws...
