Chapter 6.1 and 6.2 DNA as Genetic Carrier and DNA Replication

7/27/2019 Chapter 6.1 and 6.2 DNA as Genetic Carrier and DNA Replication

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Pre-Lecture Reading Ass ignment

Biology UnitPerak Matriculation College

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PRE-LECTURE READING ASSIGNMENT

CHAPTER 6.0 : EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION

6.1 DNA and Genetic Information

6.2 DNA Replication

Learning Outcomes

When you have completed the exercise in this chapter you will have accomplished the following

objectives:

a. Explain DNA as the carrier of genetic information.

b. Explain the concept of one gene one polypeptide.

c. Describe semi-conservative replication of DNA.

Directions: Use your notes and reference books to answer the following questions.

Before You Read

Use the What I Know column to list t hree things you know about above topic. Then list

three questions you have about above topic in the What I Want to Find Out column.

K

What I know

W

What I want to find out

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

3. ____________________________________

4. ____________________________________

5. ____________________________________

6. ____________________________________

7. ___________________________________

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

3. ____________________________________

4. ____________________________________

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

3. ____________________________________


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QUESTIONS

Discovery of DNA

1. Describe Frederick Griffith experiment with two strains of bacteria in detail. Use the below

diagram to help. (Campbell. Biology 9th

edition. Pearson.page 352)

RESULTS:

2. What did Frederick Griffith want to learn about bacteria?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________


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3. Name the bacteria used by F. Griffith in his experiments.

____________________________________________________________________

4. The strain of bacteria that caused pneumonia grew into _________________ colonies on

culture plates: harmless bacteria produced colonies with _________________ edges.

5. What is transformation?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

6. What hypothesis did Griffith form from the results of his experiments?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

7. Briefly describe how Avery and his group determined which molecule was most important

for transformation.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

8. Transformation did not occur when _____________________ was destroyed.

9. What was the conclusion from Averys experiments?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

10.What is a bacteriophage?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

11.What happens when a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________


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12.How would Hershey and Chase learn whether genes were made of protein or DNA?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

13.What results did Hershey and Chase observe?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

14.Hershey and Chase concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was ______

____________________________________________________________________

15.Name type of mold used by Beadle and Tatum?

____________________________________________________________________

16.What was a Beadle and Tatums final hypothesis?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

17.What is the structure of a DNA molecule?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

18.What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

19.What are the four nucleotide bases found in DNA?

____________________________________________________________________


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20.Complete the following sentences :

a. A DNA molecule is made up of _ _ ___________ DNA strands wound together to form a

_ _ _ _ _________ _ _ structure.

b. The DNA strands are held together by weak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bonds.

c. Nucleotide bases only pair up with its complement, Adenine only interacts with

________, and Cytosine only pair with _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

d. Each DNA strand is made up of sub-units called, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and each of these

subunits are made up of a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ group, a _ _ _ _ _ _ sugar, and a _ _ _ _.

e. A gene is a length of DNA of specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sequence, which can be

transcribed and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ into _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

f. A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a DNA molecule that contains many genes and bound proteins.

21. Identify the components of a nucleotide in the diagram below. Label the bases as purines or

pyrimidines.


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22.Review the structure of DNA by labeling these diagrams. Include nucleotide, polynucleotide,

sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, sugar-phosphate backbone, pyrimidine bases, purine

bases, thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), hydrogen bond, complementary

base pair, and double helix.

23.What is meant by the term that DNA replication is semi-conservative?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

24.State the other models of DNA replication.____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________


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25.How was it shown that DNA replication is Semi-Conservative? (Hint: Experiment)

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

26.List the functions of the following enzymes and protein:

a. DNA helicase.

____________________________________________________________________

b. DNA Gyrase

____________________________________________________________________

c. Single stranded binding protein

____________________________________________________________________

d. Topoisomerase

____________________________________________________________________

e. Primase

____________________________________________________________________

f. DNA Polymerase I

____________________________________________________________________

g. DNA Polymerase III

____________________________________________________________________

h. DNA Ligase

____________________________________________________________________


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27. Identify and label the diagram below.(Campbell.Biology 9th

.Figure 16.13.page 360)

28. Define the following terms:

a. Leading strands

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b. Lagging strands

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

c. Okazaki fragments

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________


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Pre-Lecture Reading Ass ignmentBiology UnitPerak Matriculation College

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29.Figure below shows synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication. Identify and describe the process.


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30.Figure below shows synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication. Identify and

describe the process. (Campbell. Biology 9th

edition.Figure 16.16.page 362)


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Pre-Lecture Reading Ass ignmentBiology UnitPerak Matriculation College

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31.Figure below shows synthesis of DNA strand during DNA replication. Identify and describe the process.


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EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION CHAPTER WARP-UP

In the What I Want ed to Find Out column, copy the quest ions you listed in t he Chapter

Preview. In the What I Learned column, w rit e down the answers you discovered as you

worked through the chapter.

W

What I want to find out

L

What I have learned

1. _______________________________

2. _______________________________

3. _______________________________

4. _______________________________

5. _______________________________

6. _______________________________

7. _______________________________

8. ______________________________

1. _______________________________

2. _______________________________

3._______________________________

4. _______________________________

5. _______________________________

6. _______________________________

7. _______________________________

8. _______________________________

After reading this chapter list FIVE things you have

learned.

SUMMARIZE

Documents

Chapter 6.1 and 6.2 DNA as Genetic Carrier and DNA Replication