Chapter 1, Section 2The Geographer’s Tools

Globes and Maps

1. As people explored Earth, they collected information about the shapes and sizes of islands, continents, and bodies of water. Map makers wanted to present this information accurately

Globes and Their Weaknesses

• 1. Map makers wanted to put their findings about Earth on a globe to best represent our planet.

• 2. The only difference would be the scale, or relative size.

• 3. Problems associated with globes are:a. Can’t show streetsb. Buildings can’t be shownc. Can’t find directions

Maps and Map Making

• 1. People, therefore, use flat map. Flat maps, however, present another problem. Earth is round. Maps are flat.

• 2. Distortion, or loss of accuracy takes place as we use one or the other.

• 3. Map makers have used ground surveys, or measurements made on the ground, to make maps. They also use aerial photographs and satellite images.

Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images

• 1. Aerial photo’s are just pictures taken from the air.

• 2. Satellite images are pictures of Earth’s surface taken from a satellite in orbit.

• 3. They both provide current information about Earth’s surface in great detail.

• 4. They do not provide useful images for finding small streams, underground transit lines, etc.

Geographic Information Systems

• 1. GIS, is a computer based system that links information to locations.

• 2. It is useful to geographers, governments, and businesses.