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3 THNG 1 K

S 07

ISSN: 0866 - 7802

9 - 2014

Toa soan & tr s

530 ai lo Bnh Dng, Phng Hiep Thanh, TP.Thu Dau Mot, tnh Bnh Dng

Email: [email protected]

Tng Bin tpPGS.TS.NB. Nguyn Thanh

Ph Tng Bin tpThS.NB. Trn Thanh V

Hi ng Bin tpCh tch:

TS. V T XinCc y vin:

GS.TS. Nguyn Vn ThanhGS.TS. Hong Vn ChuGS.TS. Hong Th Chnh

PGS.TS. Linh HipPGS.TS. Nguyn Quc T

PGS.TS. Phm Vn DcPGS.TS. Phng Ngc ThchPGS.TS. V Vn NhPGS.TS. Phc Minh HipPGS.TS. Phng nh MnPGS.TS. Phan Minh TinTS. L Bch PhngTS. DS. Nguyn Th Hng HngTS. Nguyn Xun DngTS. Nguyn Tng Dng

ThS. Bi V Tng ChnThS. L Th Bch Thy

Th k Ta sonThS. Nguyn Th Ngc Hng

Giy php hot ng bo ch inS: 36/GP-BTTTT

Cp ngy 05.02.2013

S lng in: 3000 cun

Ch bn v in ti Nh in:Lin Tng, Qun 6, Tp. HCM

KINH TE - KY THUATTp ch

MC LC Trang

Kinh t1. Trnh Thy Anh : Cc yu t gy chm tr trong cc d n

giao thng s dng vn ngn sch nh nc ticc tnh pha Nam ..........................................................................1

2. Hong Th Chnh :Lin kt 4 nh ng bng sngCu Long: Thc trng v nhng vn ang t ra..................12

3. L Thy Thy Tin, H Huy Tu : Cc nhn t nh hngn mi quan h khch hng v nhn vin ti Ngn HngTMCP Kin Long - Chi Nhnh Rch Gi ....................................22

4. Vng Thnh Nam : Chn nui g cng nghip ti khu vcng Nam B theo nh hng pht trin bn vng...................31

5. Hong Th Thanh Hng :Nhng bt cp trong hot ng thanhtra, gim st ngn hng Vit Nam hin nay ..............................39

6. V Vn Thc : Tn dng cho pht trin nng nghip,nng thn ti ngn hng Nng Nghip V Pht Trin

Nng Thn Vit Nam ....................................................................437. Phan Hng Hi :Tc ng ca c ch qun l ti chnh

n cht lng gio dc ca cc trng i hccng lp Vit Nam ........................................................................528. Phm Xun Lan, Nguyn Th Hong Mai :Tc ng ca nh

hng th trng n kt qu kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghipthng mi dch v ti Tp. H Ch Minh .....................................64

9. Nguyn Quc Trung :Mt s kin nng cao tnh hu hiu vhiu qu cho chu k pht trin h thng thng tin k ton trongiu kin tin hc ha ca doanh nghip Vit Nam ....................77

10. Vi Th Thy Nhi, Phm Xun Thy :Nghin cu s hi lngca khch hng i vi cc ngn hng thng mi thnh ph

Rch Gi, Tnh Kin Giang..........................................................90

K thut Cng ngh

11.Phm Hu Thi, L Ch Kin, V Th ng :H thngPhotovoltaic kt ni li in mt pha khng s dngmy bin p ..................................................................................97

12. L Kim Anh :Nghin cu m hnh iu khin phn tng vng dng cho cc ngun pht c cng sut nh ........................112

Nghin cu Trao i

13. Mnh H, Nguyn Hu Hi : Tng cng gio dcnng cao thc bo v T Quc X Hi Ch Ngha chothanh nin hin nay ....................................................................120

14. Phm Vn Hng : Suy ngh v nng cao cht lng gio dci hc trong bi cnh i mi gio dc Vit Nam hin nay.....124

Thng tin Khoa hc o to

15. Thanh Hng :L xut qun tnh nguyn h 2014.................13016. Phan Thanh Nhn :Nng cao hiu qu cng tc qun l thc

hin nhim v chuyn mn .........................................................13317. Nguyn Quyt Thng : Tm gng sng ca mt

n ng vin tr ........................................................................135


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1

Cc yu t . . .

Kinh t

* TS. Khoa Qun tr kinh doanh, Trng i hc M TP. HCM

CC YU T GY CHM TR TRONG CC D N GIAO

THNG S DNG VN NGN SCH NH NC TI CCTNH PHA NAMTrnh Thy Anh*

TM TT

Bi vit nghin cu cc yu t gy chm tr trong cc d n giao thng s dng vn ngn

sch nh nc. Nghin cu tin hnh kho st cc c nhn tham gia cc d n giao thng hin

ang lm vic trong cc cng ty xy dng, t vn, ban qun l, s ban ngnh trn a bn cc tnh

thnh pha nam Vit Nam trong nhng nm 2010 n nay vi s mu hp l l 242 mu. Kt qunghin cu cho thy nng lc hn ch ca ch u t, nh thu, t vn thit k, t vn gim st,

cc yu t do c ch v tc ng bn ngoi, ngun lc ti chnh v nguyn vt liu l 6 yu t chnh

gy nn s chm tr trong cc d n.

T kha: d n, chm tr d n

FACTORS CAUSING DELAY IN TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS USING

STATE BUDGET IN THE SOUTHERN PROVINCE

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to determine affecting factors to time delay in transport projects that use

government budget. The study has taken a survey of people who take part into project in terms of

constructor, consultant, project manager, ofcer. Total 242 samples were collected in the south

of Vietnam from 2010 until now. The result of the study shows limited capability of the owner,

constructor, designer, consultant, supervisor, mechanism and external factor, nancial and material

are six factors that affect to time delay in transport projects.

Key words:project, time delay

1. T VN

pht trin nn kinh t ca mt t

nc, giao thng lun cn phi i trc mt

bc. i vi Vit Nam, mt nc cn ngho

ang trn ng hi nhp quc t, cc d

n xy dng h thng ng giao thng cvai tr ht sc quan trng. Nh nc u

t nhiu tin ca cho cc d n giao thng,

nhng nhiu d n b chm tr, chi ph pht

sinh, gy tr ngi chung cho hot ng ca

cc lnh vc lin quan v kh khn cho i

sng ca ngi dn khu vc. Do vy vic tm

ra cc nguyn nhn gy nn chm tr trongqu trnh thc hin cc d n giao thng l


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2

Tap chKinh te- Kythuat

mt nhu cu c thc, quan trng v cp thit.

Bi bo t mc tiu xc nh cc yu t gy

chm tr trong cc d n v nh gi mc

tc ng ca cc yu t ny. Kt qu nghin

cu ny c th gip cho ch u t, nh thu,n v t vn v cc ban ngnh lin quan nhn

din cc nguyn nhn, t tm kim cc gii

php gim thiu s chm tr trong cc d n

xy dng, trnh c nhng tn tht do vic

chm tin gy ra, c bit l cc d n s

dng vn ngn sch nh nc.

2. M HNH NGHIN CUMt s nghin cu c lin quan ch ra

nhiu yu t gy chm tr trong cc d n xy

dng. Theo nghin cu ca Al Barak AA, 1993

[1] vi 68 nh thu xy dng cc cng trnh

nh cao tng v ng cao tc Rp Saudi,

c 34 nguyn nhn nh: nh thu thiu kinh

nghim, nh gi chi ph thc t khng y

, qun l xy dng lng lo do c ch, nh

hng ca th trng kinh t v thiu ti chnhtrong thi gian trc , chm tr trong chi tr,

kh nng sn xut v ci tin cng vic,...

Chan DW, Kumaraswamy MM, 1997 [5]

nghin cu cc d n xy dng Hongkong

ch ra 83 nguyn nhn vi 5 nguyn nhn

chnh v thng xuyn gy chm tr l: qun

l v gim st cng trng km, a cht phc

tp, chm tr trong vic ra quyt nh, s thayi t pha ch u t, s thay i trong qu

trnh thc hin cc hot ng ca d n.

Kaming P, Olomolaiye P, Holt G, Harris

F, 1997 [8] nghin cu v nhng nhn t nh

hng n vic chm tin v vt chi ph

xy dng trong cc d n cao c ti hai thnh

ph Jakarta v Yogyakarta ca Indonesia. Cc

nguyn nhn gy chm tr c xp hng theotm quan trng v mc thng xuyn ca

chng, bao gm nhng nguyn nhn chnh l:

lm pht, c tnh vt liu khng chnh xc,

s phc tp ca d n, thay i thit k, nng

sut lao ng yu, quy hoch khng y .

Al Ghay MA, 1999 [2] nghin cu cc

d n dch v cng cng ti Rp Saudi vis liu kho st t 23 nh thu, 12 t vn v

10 ngi c thm quyn quyt nh u t

tm ra 60 nguyn nhn. Trong cc nguyn

nhn quan trng nht l: vn ti chnh, thay

i trong thit k v quy m ca d n, chm

tr trong vic ra quyt nh ca ch u t,

kh khn trong vic phi hp v lin lc gia

cc bn.Al Momani AH, 2000 [3] nghin cu

130 d n nh , vn phng, nh cng v,

trng hc, y t v phng tin truyn

thng ti Jordan, ch ra nhng nguyn

nhn ch yu gy chm tr lin quan n

thit k, thay i ch s hu, thi tit, iu

kin cng trng, chm chi tr, iu kin

kinh t v vt khi lng.

Abd El-Razek, H. A. Bassioni, v A. M.

Mobarak, 2008 [10] nghin cu cc d n xy

dng Ai Cp, cho thy nhng nguyn nhn

quan trng nht l: ti chnh ca nh thu

trong qu trnh xy dng, s chm tr trong

thanh ton ca nh thu ca ch s hu, thay

i thit k ca ch s hu hoc i din ca

ch s hu trong qu trnh xy dng, vn

thanh ton trong qu trnh xy dng, v vicqun l xy dng v hp ng thiu chuyn

nghip. Nghin cu cng cho thy lm

gim ng k s chm tr th cn y mnh

n lc lm vic nhm.

Geraldine John Kikwasi, 2012 [6] nghin

cu nhng nguyn nhn, tc ng v s gin

on trong cc d n xy dng trn c s

phng vn cc khch hng, cng ty t vn,ban qun l d n v cc cng ty xy dng.

Kt qu cho thy s thay i thit k, s chm


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3

Cc yu t . . .

tr trong thanh ton cho cc nh thu, thng

tin chm tr, vn kinh ph, qun l d n

km, vn bi thng v bt ng v xc

nh gi tr cng vic thc hin l cc nguyn

nhn chnh gy ra chm tr v gin on dn. Cc nguyn nhn ny dn n thi gian

b ko di, chi ph pht sinh, tc ng x hi

tiu cc, lng ph ngun ti nguyn v tranh

chp. Nghin cu kin ngh rng cn chun b

ngn sch xy dng y , t chc thng tin

kp thi, hon thin thit k v k nng qun

l d n ca cc bn lin quan trong qu trnh

thc hin d n.Mt s nghin cu ti Vit Nam nh

nghin cu ca Long Le Hoai, Young Dai Lee

v Yun Yong Lee, 2008 [9], tin hnh kho

st vi 87 chuyn gia, tm ra 21 nguyn

nhn chia thnh 7 nhn t l: s chm tr v

thiu s thc p, thiu trnh , thit k, nh

gi v th trng, nng lc ti chnh, chnh

quyn, cng nhn. Mai Xun Vit [13] thchin nghin cu nm 2011 ti thnh ph H

Ch Minh v cc khu vc ln cn, ch ra

18 yu t c phn thnh 4 nhn t chnh:

thanh ton tr hn, qun l dng ngn lu d

n km, ngun ti chnh khng chc chn, th

trng ti chnh khng n nh.

Trn c s cc nghin cu c lin quan,

cng vi vic tho lun vi 10 chuyn giaqun l cc d n giao thng, tc gi sut

m hnh nghin cu (xem Hnh 1).

Hnh 1: M hnh nghin cu ngh

Trong m hnh nghin cu xut, cc

yu t gy nn chm tr trong cc d n c

chia thnh 5 nhm nguyn nhn chnh, l:

Cc yu t do ch u t / ban qun

l d n (10 yu t)

Nhm cc yu t ny bao gm: gp khkhn v ti chnh; phng php qun l khng

tt; thiu trao i thng tin gia cc bn; hp

ng thiu cht ch v thiu cc iu kin rng

buc; chm tr trong bn giao mt bng; chm

tr trong vic gii quyt h s v ra quyt nh;

thiu quy nh pht trong trng hp chm tin

; thiu quy nh thng trong trng hp

vt tin ; xung t gia cc bn (ch ut, cp chnh quyn, nh thu, gim st,... );

thay i thit k trong qu trnh thi cng.


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Cc yu t do nh thu (11 yu t)

Nhm cc yu t ny bao gm: cng tc

qun l, t chc sn xut km; kh khn v ti

chnh; p dng phng php thi cng, cng

ngh lc hu, khng ph hp; thiu trao ithng tin gia cc bn; xung t gia cc bn

(ch u t, nh thu, gim st, cng nhn,...);

thiu lc lng lao ng tay ngh cao; tuyn

thu ph khng nng lc; chnh sch cng

trng khng c tt; lp k hoch, lp tin

khng hiu qu; mu thun gia tin

trong hp ng v thc t; chm tr trong vic

lp h s kim tra cht lng thi cng, lp hs nghim thu.

Cc yu t do t vn gim st (7

yu t)

Nhm cc yu t ny bao gm: cng tc

qun l, gim st km; xung t gia cc bn

(ch u t, nh thu, cng nhn,...); chm

tr trong nghim thu; thiu trao i thng tin

gia cc bn; cng nhc v thiu linh hot

trong x l cng vic; thiu lc lng gimst c chuyn mn cao; chm tr trong kim

tra kim nghim.

Cc yu t do t vn thit k (6

yu t)

Nhm cc yu t ny bao gm: thit k li,

khng ng nht; bn v khng r rng, rm

r, phc tp; thiu kho st, thu thp d liu

thc t; tnh d ton, cc khon d tr khngchnh xc; chm tr, thiu bm st trong vic

gim st tc gi, x l k thut; chm tr trong

vic lp h s thit k c pht sinh.

Cc yu t do cc nguyn nhn

khc (11 yu t)

Nhm cc yu t ny bao gm: chm

cung ng vt liu, thiu vt liu; Khc bit

gia thit k v iu kin thc t thi cng;bin ng gi c; iu kin giao thng kh

khn; s khc bit v yu t vn ha, x hi

a phng; iu kin sinh hot kh khn;

s c bt kh khng (ma l, ng t, nh

cng,...); Cng trnh b tm dng do tranh

chp; Thay i vn bn php quy ca cc c

quan thm quyn; qun l quy hoch, u tkhng ng b; cc vn bn php quy ca b,

ngnh thiu tnh ng nht.

3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Phng php nh tnh v nh lng

c thc hin trong nghin cu ny.

T m hnh nghin cu xut sau khi

tham kho cc ti liu trong nc v quc t,nghin cu nh tnh c thc hin thng

qua vic tho lun vi 10 chuyn gia trong

ngnh, nhm hiu chnh m hnh cho ph hp

vi c th ca cc d n giao thng ti Vit

Nam. Vic tho lun ny cng nhm pht hin

nhng sai st trong bng cu hi v kim tra

thang o.

Bng cu hi bao gm 45 pht biu, trong

c 10 pht biu v ch u t/ban QLDA,

11 pht biu v nh thu, 7 pht biu v t

vn gim st, 6 pht biu v t vn thit k

v 11 pht biu v cc nguyn nhn khc.

Mi cu hi v yu t gy chm tr c o

lng thng qua hai tiu ch l Mc nh

hng v Tn s xut hin da trn thang

o Likert 5 mc nh sau:

Mc nh hng ca yu t

Bc Mc nh hng

1 Hon ton khng

2 Rt t

3 Trung bnh

4 Cao

5 Rt cao


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Cc yu t . . .

Mc xy ra ca yu t

Bc Tn s xut hin

1 Him khi

2 i khi3 Trung bnh

4 Thng xuyn

5 Lun lun

Nghin cu chnh thc c thc hin

vi 287 c nhn tham gia cc d n giao

thng hin ang lm vic trong cc cng ty

xy dng, ban qun l, s ban ngnh trn abn cc tnh thnh pha nam Vit Nam nh

ak Lak, ak Nng, Lm ng, Bnh Phc,

Bnh Dng, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Bnh

Thun.... trong khong thi gian t thng 4

nm 2013 n thng 11 nm 2013. Kt qu

thu v sau khi loi cc bng hi khng t yu

cu thu c 242 bng hi. Cc mu khng

hp l l cc bng kho st m ngi tham

gia tr li khng in ht bn iu tra, hoccha tng tham gia cc d n giao thng vn

ngn sch Nh nc, hoc khng th hin

c quan im ca mnh v vn nghin

cu. Con s mu trn m bo quy tc trong

xc nh c mu l kch thc mu t nht

bng 4 hoc 5 ln s bin trong phn tch nhn

t (theo Hong Trng v Chu Nguyn Mng

Ngc, 2008 [16]). Kch thc mu cn thitti thiu dng phn tch d liu l 45 x 5 =

225 mu. Vy s lng mu trong nghin cu

l chp nhn c. D liu sau khi thu thp

s c tin hnh m ha, nhp d liu vo

chng trnh phn tch s liu thng k SPSS

16.0 phn tch.

4. THNG TIN MU NGHIN CUNghin cu tin hnh kho st nhng

c nhn c kinh nghim lm vic, do thng

tin thu thp c v mc nh hng ca

cc yu t gy chm tr l khch quan v

ng n. Kt qu thng k cho thy a s

nhng ngi c hi c kinh nghim trn 5

nm: 39% c nhn tham gia kho st c kinhnghim t 5 - 10 nm v 22% c nhn tham

gia kho st c kinh nghim trn 10 nm. Ch

c c 10% c nhn tham gia kho st c kinh

nghim di 2 nm v 29% c nhn tham gia

kho st c kinh nghim t 2 - 5 nm. Nhng

ngi c hi tham gia kh nhiu d n,

13% tham gia di 2 d n; 30% tham gia 2

4 d n; 20% tham gia 5 7 d n; v 37%tham gia trn 7 d n.

Nghin cu cng tip cn nhng c

nhn lm vic cc v tr cao trong d n. Kt

qu thng k cho thy c 22.8% c nhn tham

gia kho st hin ang gi chc v gim c/

ph gim c; 26.3% c nhn tham gia kho

st hin ang l trng phng/ph trng

phng; 14.2% c nhn tham gia kho st gi

vai tr l gim st trng/ch huy trng;

19.9% c nhn tham gia kho st l k s

lm vic ti cng trnh v cn b k thut vn

phng chim 24.6%.

Nghin cu tin hnh kho st tt c

cc bn lin quan, bao gm: i din cho ch

u t/ban QLDA (26.7%); nh thu thi cng

(35%); t vn gim st (10.6%); t vn thit k

(23.8%) v i din cho s ban ngnh (3.8%).

5. KT QU V THO LUN

H s tin cy Cronbachs Alpha c s

dng nh gi tin cy ca thang o, y

l php kim nh thng k kim tra xem

thang o c o cng mt khi nim hay khng.

Theo Hong Trng v Chu Nguyn Mng

Ngc, 2008 [16] v Nunnally & Burnstein,1994 [11], h s Cronbachs Alpha c gi tr

0.7 0.95 c nh gi l tt.


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6


H s tng quan bin - tng l h s

tng quan ca mt bin vi im trung bnh

ca cc bin khc trong mt thang o, h s

ny cng cao th s tng quan ca bin ny

vi cc bin khc trong nhm cng cao. TheoNunnally & Burnstein, 1994 [11], cc h s

c tng quan bin - tng nh hn 0.3 c th

c coi l bin rc v s b loi ra khi thang

o. Trong nghin cu ny, h s Cronbachs

Alpha ca cc bin u c gi tr xp x 0.8

tr ln chng t y l thang o tt, v cc

bin u c h s tng quan bin - tng nhnht ln hn 0.3 cho thy cc bin u c

chp nhn.

Bng 1:H s Cronbachs Alpha ca cc bin

STT Thang oS binquan st

CronbachsAlpha

H s tngquan bin tng nh nht

1 Chm tr do ch u t/ban QLDA 10 0.795 0.317

2 Chm tr do nh thu thi cng 11 0.871 0.515

3 Chm tr do t vn gim st 7 0.880 0.612

4 Chm tr do t vn thit k 6 0.872 0.616

5 Chm tr do cc nguyn nhn khc 11 0.843 0.403

Phn tch nhn t khm ph (Exploit

Factor Analysis - EFA) c p dng nhm

nh gi gi tr hi t v gi tr phn bitca thang o. Theo yu cu, H s KMO1

(Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin) 0.5 v mc ngha

ca kim nh Bartlett 0.05; H s ti nhn

t (Factor loading) 0.5; Tng phng sai

trch 50%; H s Eigenvalue > 1 th bin

mi c chp nhn.

Tc gi tin hnh phn tch nhn t khm

ph (EFA) v iu chnh m hnh nghin cutheo kt qu EFA. Cc bin GS3, GS7, K2,

K4, K7, b loi b do c h s ti nhn t 0.6. Kt qu hi quy tuyn tnh

bi cho thy h s xc nh R2 l 0.703 v R2

iu chnh l 0.688. ngha l m hnh tuyn

tnh xy dng ph hp vi tp d liu n

mc 68.8% (hay m hnh gii thch c

68.8% s bin thin ca bin ph thuc mc chm tr). Kim tra hin tng tng quan

vi h s Durbin-Watson (1 < 1.709 < 3); tr

s thng k F t gi tr 17.936 c tnh t

gi tr R-Square ca m hnh y , ti mc

ngha Sig = 0.000; kim tra hin tng a

cng tuyn ca m hnh bng h s phng i

phng sai VIF tc gi nhn thy tt c cc

h s phng i phng sai ca cc bin uc gi tr VIF = 1 < 10. Nh vy, m hnh hi

quy tuyn tnh bi a ra l ph hp vi m

hnh v d liu nghin cu (xem bng 3).

Bng 3: S lc m hnh hi quy bi

M hnh R R Square Adjusted RSquareStd. Error ofthe Estimate Durbin-Watson

1.551a .703 .688 4.921 1.709

a. Predictors: (Constant), F6, F5, F4, F3, F2, F1b. Bin ph thuc: Y


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9

Cc yu t . . .

Kt qu phn tch hi quy c trnh by

trong bng 4 sau. T bng ny c th thy tt

c 6 nhn t u tc ng dng (h s Beta

dng) n s chm tr. Ngha l vi tin

cy 95% th an ton khi bc b H0. Do c

th kt lun rng cc gi thuyt H1, H

2, H

3, H

4,

H5, H

6c chp nhn.

Bng 4:Cc thng s trong phng trnh hi quy

BinH s cha chun ha H s chun ha

T Sig. VIF

B Std. Error Beta

(Constant) 3.28 0.293 25.261 0.000

F1 0.954 0.294 0.146 2.906 0.003 1

F2 1.699 0.294 0.291 5.781 0.001 1

F3 1.226 0.294 0.21 4.172 0.000 1F4 1.136 0.294 0.143 2.843 0.004 1

F5 2.009 0.294 0.345 6.836 0.000 1

F6 0.973 0.294 0.115 2.29 0.023 1

Phng trnh hi quy c dng nh sau:

Y = 3.28 + 0.954 F1 + 1.699 F2 + 1.226

F3 + 1.136 F4 + 2.009F5 + 0.973 F6

Nh vy c th thy nhn t F5 (ti chnh,

vt t) c tc ng ln nht n s chm tr,tip theo l nhn t F2 (nng lc nh thu thi

cng), F3 (nng lc ch u t), F4 (c ch,

tc ng bn ngoi). Cc nhn t F6 (nng lc

t vn gim st) v F1 (nng lc t vn thit

k) c tc ng t hn n s chm tr trong

cc d n.

Dng kim nh T-test so snh gi tr

trung bnh ca cc thnh phn gy chm trvi gi tr im gia ca thang o (trung ha

= 9) nh gi cm nhn ca ngi kho st

khi nh gi yu t ny. Do nh gi ca cc

yu t cng n v o nn tc gi chn cch

tnh gi tr nhn t theo phng php trung

bnh cng ca cc yu t trong mt nhn t.

Kt qu kim nh cho thy, cm nhn

ca ngi kho st v nhn t kh khn tichnh v chm cung ng nguyn vt liu kh

cao (MeanF5 = 12.517 vi mc ngha Sig

= 0.000) v tc ng ca yu t ny theo m

hnh hi quy cng cao nht. Trong , nh

gi cao nht l nh thu gp kh khn v ti

chnh (NT2, vi gi tr trung bnh bng 14.29),

k n l ch u t gp kh khn v ti chnh

(CT1, vi gi tr trung bnh bng 12.63) v

chm cung ng vt liu, thiu vt liu (K1, vi

gi tr trung bnh bng 10.62).

Cm nhn ca ngi phng vn v nhn t

nh thu thi cng ng th 2 (MeanF2 = 10.65,

Sig = 0.000) v tc ng ca yu t ny theo

m hnh hi quy cng cao th hai. c bit l

cc bin quan st nh gi cng tc qun l,t chc sn xut ca nh thu km (NT1, vi

gi tr trung bnh l 11.04), vic t chc ln k

hoch v tin khng hiu qu (NT9, vi gi

tr trung bnh l 10.5), nh thu tuyn thu ph

thiu nng lc v thiu lao ng tay ngh cao

(NT6, vi gi tr trung bnh l 9.8).

Tip theo, nhn t c ch, tc ng t

bn ngoi (MeanF4 = 9,686, Sig = 0.006); vnhn t nng lc ch u t (MeanF3 = 7.116,

Sig = 0.000).


13/141

10


i vi nhn t nng lc t vn thit

k (F1) v nng lc t vn gim st (F6) do

mc ngha ca hai nhn t ny ln lt l

SigMeanF1 = 0.182, SigMeanF6 = 0.061 nn

ta khng th bc b gi thuyt Ho(H

o: gi tr

trung bnh ca MeanF1 v MeanF6 bng 9)

vi mc ngha 0.05.

Bng 5:Gi tr trung bnh ca cc nhn t tc ng n s chm trOne-Sample Test

Nhn t Gi tr trung bnhTest Value = 9

t Sig. (2-tailed) lch chun

MeanF1 8.671 -1.339 0.182 4.127MeanF2 10.650 6.884 0.000 4.025MeanF3 7.116 -8.474 0.000 3.734MeanF4 9.686 2.782 0.006 4.140

MeanF5 12.517 13.527 0.000 4.366MeanF6 8.395 -1.878 0.061 5.405

S dng phng php phn tch su Post

Hoc cho thy khng c s khc bit v mc

chm tr trong cc d n gia ch u t/

ban QLDA/s ban ngnh; nh thu thi cng

v n v t vn mc tin cy 95%. iu

ny cho thy c s thng nht v quan im

nh gi s chm tr trong cc d n giaothng Vit Nam hin nay.

6. KT LUN

Da vo vic kim nh thang o v phn

tch nhn t khm ph (EFA), nghin cu

xc nh c 6 nhm nhn t c th nh

hng n s chm tr trong cc d n giao

thng s dng vn ngn sch Nh nc, lcc yu t: Nng lc t vn thit k (F1), nng

lc nh thu (F2), nng lc ch u t (F3),

c ch v tc ng bn ngoi (F4), ti chnh

v nguyn vt liu (F5), v nng lc t vn

gim st (F6). Thang o c kim nh v

p ng cc yu cu v gi tr, tin cy v s

ph hp ca m hnh. Nh vy, nghin cu

xc nh c 40 nhn t nh hng n schm tr cc d n giao thng vn ngn sch,

cc bin ni trn c phn thnh 6 nhm.

Trong s 6 nhm yu t trn, nh hng

ln nht n s chm tr l kh khn v ti

chnh v chm cung ng nguyn vt liu; tip

theo l nng lc nh thu thi cng hn ch;

nng lc ch u t hn ch; do c ch, tc

ng ca mi trng bn ngoi, do nng lc

t vn thit k; v nh hng t nht n s

chm tr l nng lc t vn gim st. Kt lun

trn th hin s ph hp ca kt qu kim nh

T-test vi m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh bi. Mc

nh gi s chm tr trong cc d n giao

thng vn ngn sch Nh nc i vi cc bn

tham gia d n khng c s khc bit.

gim thiu hu qu xu do s chm tr

ca d n gy ra, tng bn tham gia d n cntp trung vo gii quyt yu t lin quan thuc

trch nhim ca mnh, vi th t u tin cn

c theo mc tc ng ca cc cc nhn

t n s chm tr nh nu trn. Trc

ht, cc bn lin quan n d n cn phi ci

thin cc kh khn v ti chnh v cung ng

nguyn vt liu v hin nay ngi tham gia

kho st nh gi rt cao yu t ny v n ctc ng ln n s chm tr ca d n. Yu

t nh thu thi cng l yu t c mc tc


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Cc yu t . . .

ng mnh th hai n s chm tr trong cc

d n, v ngi kho st cng nh gi kh

cao yu t ny.

Nghin cu ny tp trung kho st cc

d n s dng vn ngn sch nh nc. Kt

qu nghin cu c ngha gip cc bn lin

quan n d n nhn din v gi cc gii

php gim thiu s chm tr trong cc d n

xy dng cng trnh giao thng s dng vn

ngn sch.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Al-Barak AA. Cause of contractors failures in Saudi Arabia. Master thesis, CEM Dept., KFUPM.

Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 1993.

[2]. Al-Ghay MA. Delays in construction of public utility projects in Saudi Arabia, International

Journal of Project Management, 01/1999; 17(2): 101-106.

[3]. Al-Momani AH. Construction delay: a quantitative analysis, International Journal of ProjectManagement2000; 18(1): 51-9.

[4]. Assaf SA, Al Khalil M, Al-Hazmil M. Causes of delays in large building construction projects.

ASCEJournal of Management Engineering,1995; 11(2): 45-50.

[5]. Chan DW, Kumaraswamy MM, A comparative study of causes of time overruns in Hong Kong

construction projects,International Journal of Project Management1997; 15(1): 55-63.

[6]. Geraldine John Kikwasi Causes and effects of delays and disruptions in construction projects in

Tanzania, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, Conference Series, 1

(2), 2012; 52-59

[7]. Jabnoun & Al-Tamimi, Measuring perceived service quality at UAE commercial banks,

International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 2003; (20), 4.

[8]. Kaming P, Olomolaiye P, Holt G, Harris F. Factors inuencing construction time and cost overruns

on high-rise projects in Indonesia.Construction Management Economic 1997; 15:83-94.

[9]. Long Le-Hoai, Young Dai Lee and Yun Yong Lee. Delay and cost overruns in Vietnam large

construction project: A comparision with other selected contries. KSCE Journal of Civil

Engineering (2008); 12(6): 367-377.

[10]. M. E. Abd El-Razek, H. A. Bassioni, and A. M. Mobarak, Causes of Delay in Building

ConstructionProjects in Egypt, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE /November 2008; 831 - 841

[11]. Jum C. Nunnally, Ira H. Bernstein,Psychometric theory, McGraw-Hill, 01-01-1994

[12]. Th Xun Lan, Gio trnh qun l d n xy dng, NXB i hc Quc Gia Tp.HCM, 2003.

[13]. Lut s 16/2003/QH11 ca quc hi kha X, k hp th 10 quy nh v hot ng xy dng.

[14]. Mai Xun Vit, Nghin cu mc tc ng ca cc nhn t lin quan n ti chnh gy chm

tr tin ca d n xy dng Vit Nam, lun vn thc s, i hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM, 2011.

[15]. Ngh nh 12/2009/N CP ngy 10-12-2009 ca Chnh ph quy nh v qun l d n u t

xy dng cng trnh.[16]. Hong Trng Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc, Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS 1&2, NXB

Hng c, 2008.

[17]. Website Tng cc Thng k www.gso.gov.vn


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12


LIN KT 4 NH NG BNG SNG CU LONG:THC TRNG V NHNG VN ANG T RA

Hong Th Chnh*

TM TT

Mc tiu ca bi vit nhm phn tch, nh gi tnh hnh thc hin lin kt 4 nh ng

bng sng Cu Long trong thi gian qua. Nghin cu cho thy lin kt ny cn kh lng lo v

li nhiu h ly, nh hng khng tt n s pht trin bn vng i vi nng nghip, nng dn

v nng thn trong vng. T , tc gi xut mt s gii php nhm gia tng tnh lin kt gia

ccnh trn c s t li ch ca ngi nng dn, ngi trc tip sn xut ln trn ht. thc

hin bi vit ny, tc gi s dng cng c thng k phn tch, thng k m t trn c s s liu thcp t Nin gim thng k v cc ngun t liu khc c lin quan.

T kha:Lin kt 4 nh, cnh ng mu ln, xy dng nng thn mi, tam nng,

pht trin bn vng.

4 LINSKS IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA REAL SITUATION AND

ISSUES ARE ASKING/ PUTTING

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate the state of performance 4 links in the

Mekong River Delta in recent years. The thesis shows that 4 links is undisciplined and leave many

corollaries, which have bad effect on stable development for agriculture, farmers and rural areas

in the region. Thence, the author proposes some solutions for increasing among 4 links based on

the benets of farmers who directly produce. To carry out this thesis, the author uses the analysing

statistics and describing statistics methods based on the secondary data from annual publication

statistics and other related sources.

Key words: 4 links, large sample eld, new rural construction, three agricultural,

stable development.

* GS.TS. Trng i hc Kinh t thnh ph H Ch Minh

1. T VN

M hnh lin kt 4 nh c ra i trong

qu trnh thc hin Quyt nh Q80/2002/

Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic

khuyn khich tiu th nng sn thng quahp ng c ban hnh t nm 2002 (6).

Tri qua 12 nm thc hin, m hnh ny

pht huy c nhng tc ng tch cc nht

nh ng Bng sng Cu long nhng cng

cn rt nhiu vn bt cp cn c tip tcnghin cu hon thin.


16/141

13

Lin kt 4 nh . . .

Bn cht v ni dung hot ng ca m hnh lin kt 4 nh c th hin trong s

di yS 1: Ni dung lin kt 4 nh

2. IM LI CC MI LIN KT

2.1. Lin kt gia doanh nghip vi

ngi nng dn

Xt v ni dung ca mi lin kt ny bao

gm cc cng vic c th nh: Doanh nghip locung cp u vo l vn, phn bn, ging, thuc

tr su v gii quyt u ra, tiu th sn phm

cho ngi nng dn. Cn ngi nng dn c

nhim v cung cp sn phm cho doanh nghip

thng qua cc hp ng k kt. Tuy nhin, trn

thc t ny sinh nhiu bt cp: Ngi nng

dn th cho rng cht lng u vo l phn

bn, thuc tr su, ging m khng m bocht lng nh trong hp ng cam kt, cn

doanh nghip th li cho rng sn phm u ra

ca ngi nng dn cng c vn , v doanh

nghip khng sn sng bao tiu tt c sn phm,

c bit vo lc thi v ang r ln khin ngi

nng dn lun trong tnh trng b ng cma mt gi, mt lng tin vo doanh nghip.

Vn cn c hin tng doanh nghip p gi

ngi nng dn vi mc ch l ti a ha li

nhun. Cn v pha ngi nng dn th thng

xuyn ph v hp ng, chy theo ci li trc

mt, mc d nhn tin t cc ca doanh

nghip nhng nu thy bn ngoi c gi hn

th cng sn sng b doanh nghip hoc ch bnmt phn cho doanh nghip m tp trung bn ra

bn ngoi thu li nhiu hn!


17/141

14


Nguyn nhn l do trnh nhn thc ca

ngi nng dn cha cao v trch nhim thc

hin hp ng xut pht t li suy ngh ca

mt nn sn xut nh, l , hm li trc mt

m khng tinh n li ch lu di sau ny. Cndoanh nghip th t mc tiu li nhun ln

trn ht m khng tnh n li ch ca ngi

nng dn, khng tnh n li ich lu di, ph

v lng tin ca ngi nng dn, khng th

thit lp c mi quan h lu di, bn vng

Trong khi nh nc l ngi nm c

ch li cha ban hnh nhng quy tc php l

gim st, kim tra vic thc hin cc hpng k kt gia doanh nghip v ngi

nng dn.

2.2. Lin kt gia Nh nc vi ngi

nng dn

Nh nc gi vai tr iu tit mi quan

h trong ton b chui lin kt thng qua cc

chnh sch kinh t v m to iu kin thun

li cho ngi nng dn yn tm sn xut t

hiu qu cao nh: nng cp, xy dng mic s h tng; quy hoch cc vng nguyn

liu, tn dng nng thn, chuyn giao cng

ngh, xc tin thng miNgoi ra, Nh

nc cn l ngi kim tra,gim st, bo m

tnh php l ca cc hp ng k kt gia cc

nh vi nhau, nht l nh doanh nghip v

nh nng V ni dung hot ng trong mi

lin kt ny th nh th nhng trn thc tNh nc cng cha thc hin y chc

nng ca mnh. C s h tng nng thn vn

cn rt yu km, thiu in, thiu nc sch

vn cn tn ti mt s ni thuc ng bng

sng Cu Long, nht l vng su, vng xa;

Cng tc quy hoch lm cha tt, sn xut

vn manh mn. ng bng sng Cu Longl ni i u trong c nc v sn xut tri

cy nhng ni ny cho n nay vn cha c

vng chuyn canh trng cy n tri quy m

ln khp kn t A ti Z. Hu qu l sn phm

lm ra, cht lng, mu m khng ng nht

khng th xut khu c. u t cho nng

nghip cn t v ngy cng c xu hng gim

st, khng tng xng vi s ng gp vonn kinh t quc dn. Trong khi ng gp ca

ngnh nng nghip vn chim trn di 20%

trong tng sn phm quc ni (GDP), nhng

u t cho ngnh ny ch c trn di 5-6%

m li cn ang c xu hng gim st qua cc

nm (bng1). u t trong nc t, u t

ca nc ngoi vo nng nghip cng t hn.

Nm 2012, FDI vo nng nghip ch t 0,6%

trong tng u t FDI vo Vit Nam (12).

cha c nhng chnh sch thu ht vn u

t trc tip nc ngoi vo ng bng sng

Cu Long, mc d y l vng i u trong

c nc v xut khu go, xut khu thy

sn, trong hn 20 nm qua, u t FDI vo

BSCL thp hn hn mt s vng trng im

khc (bng 2).Ngi nng dn cng cn gp

nhiu kh khn trong vic tip cn tn dng nng thn, vn cn phi i vay nng li.

Bng 1:C cu vn u t pht trin theo ngnh v t trng ca ngnh nng nghip trong GDP caVit Nam giai on 2001-2012 (%)

Nm 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

T. voNng

nghip

9,6 8,8 8,5 7,9 7,5 7,4 6,5 6,4 6,3 6,2 6,0 5,2

T. voCngnghip

42,4 42,3 41,2 42,7 42,6 42,2 43,5 41,5 40,6 41,3 43,1 43,9


18/141

15

Lin kt 4 nh . . .

ut voDch v

48,0 48,9 50,3 49,4 49,9 50,4 50,0 52,1 53,1 52,6 50,9 50,9

Tngu t 100 100 100,0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Nngnghip /GDP

23,3 23,0 22,5 21,8 21,0 20,4 20,3 22,1 20,9 20,6 22,1 21,7

Ngun:Nin gim Thng k nm 2012, Kinh t 2013-2014 Vit Nam v Th gii

Bng 2:T trng FDI trong GDP ca cc vng kinh t Vit Nam giai on 1995-2012

Nm Tng sc nc

Chia ra cc vng

ngbngsngHng

Trung duv minni pha

Bc

Bc trungb v

duynhi minTrung

Tynguyn

ngnam b

ngbng

sng CuLong

1995-2005 11,11 14,59 0,04 7,89 8,00 17,51 1,52

2006-2012 19,96 16,36 0,01 46,03 1,75 23,54 7,07

1995-2012 17,70 15,93 0,02 36,16 3,10 21,98 5,56

Ngun:Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam, 2013

Ngi nng dn cng cn gp nhiu khkhn trong vic tip cn tn dng nng thn,

vn cn phi i vay nng li. Hin nay nhu

cu vn tn dng BSCL l rt ln, trong

khi vn huy ng ch at khong 77% nhu cu

vn u t cho vay (13)Nh nc cha to

ra c khung php l trong vic gii quyt

cc tranh chp khi thc hin hp ng gia

cc nh, Nh nc cng cha c nhng chnhsch h tr kp thi cho nhng thit hi do

cc nguyn nhn khch quan a li nh thin

tai ch haCn lnh o a phng th c

ni cng cn cha hiu bit nhiu v lin kt

4 nh, cha to iu kn thun li cc

lin kt ny thc hin c tt

2.3. Lin kt gia nh khoa hc vi

ngi nng dnNhim v ca nh khoa hc trong lin kt

ny l gip ngi nng dn nng cao nng

sut v hiu qu sn xut nng nghip bngcch a tin b k thut v p dng nhng

quy trnh tin tin trong sn xut nng nghip

nh p dng ging mi, ngn ngy nng sut

cao, quy cch bn phn nhm tit kim m

li m bo an ton, chng nhimNhng

trn thc t vai tr ca nh ny trong chui

lin kt cng cha pht huy c do cha c

nhng c ch r rng. c khng t trnghp cc nh khoa hc a tin b k thut

vo ch bin v sn xut lm li hng chc t

ng nhng h c hng khng c l bao

(8). Bn cnh nhiu ni, cc nh khoa

hc, cc t chc khoa hc cn thiu mnh

dn, cha ch ng tham gia vo cc mi lin

kt ny cng lm cho vai tr ca h kh m

nht. Ngc li, trong qu trnh sn xut, cikh b ci khn, mt s ngi nng dn c

u c t pht minh ra nhng sn phm,


19/141

16


nhng thit b nh my phun thuc tr su

t xa khng gy c hi cho ngi s dng,

ch thuc tr su lm t tho dc, h thng

ti cy tit kim ncc gi thnh rt r

nhng v thiu lin kt gia cc nh khoa hcvi ngi nng dn v nhiu l do khc m

nhng sng kin ny khng c cc t

chc c thm quyn cng nhn kp thi

ngi nng dn c th p dng i tr, tit

kim chi ph sn xut, gp phn lm tng hiu

qu sn xut kinh doanh.

3. HU QU CA TNH TRNGLIN KT THIU CHT CH

Nh vy, mc d ch trng lin kt 4

nh l hon ton ng n nhm thc y

nng nghip c nc ni chung v c bit

l ng bng sng Cu Long ni ring pht

trin mt cch hiu qu v bn vng nhng

trn thc t th ch trng ny cha c

thc hin mt cch nghim tc m hu qu

l ngi nng dn phi gnh chu th hin nhng mt sau y:

+ Trc ht l do thiu lin kt hoc lin

kt khng cht ch gia nh nng vi nh

doanh nghip khin ngi nng dn khng

ch ng c u vo, u ra v lun tnh

trng bt li: h phi mua vt t gi cao, cht

lng khng m bo nh hng n nng

sut, sn lng cy trng. Tiu th sn phmkh khn b t thng p gi, nht l khi v

ma r ln dn n hin tng va bn, va

cho cng phi bn cn hn l b i!

+ Thiu lin kt gia nh nng vi nh

khoa hc dn n ngi nng dn kh tip

cn vi quy trnh sn xut tin tin, k thut

canh tc hin i, m bo tnh sch, xanh, sn

phm lm ra khng cc tiu chun k thut,m bo an ton cho ngi s dng, khng p

ng c quy nh ca cc nc xut khu,

nht l cc ro cn k thut ngy cng c

p dng ph bin cc nc pht trin nh:

EU, M v Nht Bn vn l nhng th trng

tiu th nhiu sn phm nng nghip ca Vit

Nam, nht l sn phm thy sn.+ Thiu lin kt gia nh nng vi nh

nc m ngi nng dn kh tip cn vi cc

khon tn dng nng thn, thiu vn m

rng quy m sn xut kinh doanh, sn sng

chp nhn vay nng vi li sut cao, cng y

h vo tnh trng kh khn, dn n n nn

chng cht v ri vo vng lun qun, ngho

li hon ngho! Thiu vn cng l tnh trngph bin i vi c cc doanh nghip tham

gia vo hot ng nng nghip, nht l doanh

nghip va v nh. Trong khi ngn hng

th s ri ro cao do c im ca sn xut

nng nghip m khng sn sng cho cc h

nng dn, cc doanh nghip vay.


doanh nghip cng lm cho i sng ca

ngi nng dn bt n v thu nhp khng n

nh. Do c im ca sn xut nng nghip

l rt bp bnh bi chu tc ng ca mi

trng t nhin v tip xc trc tip vi cc

c th sng l cy trng vt nui, bt buc

phi tun th theo nhng quy lut sinh hc

nht nh nn thu nhp ca ngi nng dn

rt khng n nh. Khi c tin th khng sao

nhng khi khng c tin th khng bit xoays th no do khng c mt khon thu nhp

n nh t cc ngun u t khc.


doanh nghip m ngi nng dn vn mi

mi lm n theo kiu t duy c, hon ton

t pht, khng c thi quen phi chp nhn

v tun th nghim tc nhng cam kt trong

hp ng c k kt. T tip tc tora mt th h ngi nng dn lc hu, khng

theo kp nhng i thay ca nn kinh t t


20/141

17

Lin kt 4 nh . . .

nc,nhng i hi ca nn kinh t thi hi

nhp, khng th thc hin cng nghip ha,

hin i ha nng thn.

+ Thiu lin kt cht ch gia nh nng

vi nh doanh nghip Vit Nam s l c hi doanh nhn ngi Trung Quc nhy vo

lm lng on th trng nng sn ng bng

sng Cu Long. V thy ci li trc mt m

ngi nng dn ng bng sn sng bn sn

phm cho khch hng l ngi Trung Quc v

hu qu tht kh lng nh bo ch lu nay

cp, ph v s pht trin bn vng trong

nng nghip ng bng sng Cu Long.+ Thiu lin kt gia nh nng vi nh

doanh nghip t ngi nng dn lun vo

v tr bt li trong chui phn phi gi tr sn

phm. L ngi trc tip sn xut, ngi phi

mt nng hai sng, ngi i mt vi t,

i lng vi trinhng ngi nng dn lun

nhn c t hn so vi cng lao ng gp

ca h, so vi cc i tng trung gian khc,

nht l cc thng li, khng tng xng vicng sc m ngi nng dn phi b ra trong

qu trnh sn xut ra sn phm.

+ Thiu lin kt gia Nh nc vi nh

nng lm cho sn xut nng nghip ng

bng sng Cu Long b chia ct, khng c s

lin kt gia cc tnh, tnh no cng c sn

bay, c nhiu trng i hctnh no cng

sn xut la go, thy sn, tri cy. ng rng la go, thy sn, tri cy l th mnh

ca vng nhng mc li th ny l khc

nhau gia cc tnh do diu kin t ai, th

nhng khng hon ton ging nhau gia cc

a phng. Chnh iu ny cn tr n

vic chuyn i c cu cy trng, c bit l

cy la khi hiu qu kinh t ca cy trng ny

khng phi l cao.+ Thiu lin kt gia ccnh s dn n

vic khng th thc hin ch trng cnh

ng mu ln trong nng nghip m thi gian

gn y c cp rt nhiu. Sn xut nng

nghip vn mi mi l sn xut nh, manh

mn, nng sut thp, sn phm khng ng

nht, khng m bo mt khi lng ln p ng nhu cu tc thi ca cc nh nhp

khu.i sng ngi nng dn khng c

ci thin, cc vn x hi ny sinh, lm nh

hng n qu trnh xy dng nng thn mi.

+ V cui cng, thiu lin kt gia cc

nh chng nhng ngi nng dn m c

nng nghip, nng thn ng bng sng Cu

Long, tc l tam nng u khng th phttrin tt c, khng m bo c vai tr

ca mt vng kinh t tim nng nht Vit

Nam trong pht trin nng nghip.

4. U L GII PHP?

m hnh lin kt 4 nh pht huy tc

dng ,theo chng ti minh cn phi thc

hin ng b cc gii php sau y:

Th nht, v pha nh nc: Cn xc

nh y l vai tr ch o, iu ha c cc

mi quan h trong chui lin kt. Mun vy:

- Nh nc khng th cho ngi nng

dn t bi c m phi trao cho h ci

phao, tc l xy dng cc nh hng thng

qua quy hoch tng vng chuyn canh ph

hp vi iu kin c th ca tng vng t

ngi nng dn xc nh cho mnh mt ccu cy trng, vt nui, ngnh ngh, dch v

hp l.

- Nh nc phi u t nhiu hn na cho

nng nghip, nng t trng ln t nht l 10%

so vi tng u t ca ton x hi hin nay,

ng thi cn c nhng chnh sch khuyn

khch thu ht vn u t trc tip nc ngoi

(FDI) vo nng nghip ng bng sng CuLong. Nh nc cng to iu kin t nhn

b vn u t vo cc khu ch bin, tiu th


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18


sn phm, khng phn bit i x gia doanh

nghip nh nc vi doanh nghip t nhn.

- Thu ht v s dng c hiu qu dng

vn vin tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA)

thng qua cc d n u t vo c s h tng nng thn ng bng sng Cu Long, u

t cho gio dc, y t, o to ngun nhn lc,

gp phn nng cao trnh dn tr, xa i

gim ngho, nht l cc vng su, vng xa

ng bng sng Cu Long, gp phn to ra

mt tng lp nng dn mi c tri thc, c kin

thc lm n kinh t th trng, thch nghi vi

mt nn sn xut nng nghip hin i.- Nh nc cn nghin cu, d bo th

trng, cung cp nhng thng tin c c s xc

ng cho cc a phng cc a phng

xy nh hng cho h nng dn dng k

hoch sn xut ph hp vi th hiu, nhu cu

ca th trng, c bit l th trng xut khu.

- Nh nc m c th l cc b, cc ban

ngnh c lin quan cn r sot li v tho g

kp thi nhng vng mc, nhng nt ththin nay ang cn tr s pht trin nng

nghip ng bng sng Cu Long, ng

thi cn thc hin y , ng b mt h

thng chnh sch khuyn khch nng nghip

pht trin nh khuyn nng, tn dng, thu, li

sut Bn cnh , ngnh nng nghip phi

hp vi cc a phng thng qua ban ch

o vng Ty Nam B cn thng xuyn tinhnh s kt, tng kt, nh gi nhng thnh

tu, nhng tn ti ca cc hnh thc lin kt,

cc m hnh lm n mi, nhn rng nhng m

hnh lin kt thnh cng.

- Mt mt nh nc cn c cc chnh sch

khuyn khch cc bn tham gia lin kt, mt

khc cn c cc chnh sch rng buc cc

nh trong qu trnh lin kt. Mun vy, nhnc cn to hnh lang php l ph hp, thc

hin cc bin php ch ti gii quyt cc

tranh chp xy ra gia cc bn lin kt, nht

l vi phm hp ng gia nh doanh nghip

vi nh nng. gii quyt kh khn cho

cc bn v nhng l do khch quan, nh nc

cng cn c nhng bin php h tr kp thinhng thit hi do nhng nguyn nhn bt kh

khng, ngoi mun ca cc bn lin kt, to

nim tin, lng yn tm khi tham gia lin kt.

- Nh nc cn khuyn khch vic t chc

cc m hnh sn xut mi trong nng nghip,

mt mt cng c cc trang tri hin c, mt

khc ph trin cc hp tc x kiu mi, m

hnh cnh ng mu ln lm tng tnh linkt gia cc h nng dn, phi coi cc t chc

ny nh nhng cu ni gia nng dn vi

cc doanh nghip trong vic cung cp ngun

nguyn liu cng nh tiu th sn phm, m

bo quyn li cho ngi nng dnTrong

thi gian qua, ng bng sng Cu Long

xut hin nhiu hp tc x kiu mi lm n

hiu qu nh: Hp tc x thy sn Thi An;

M hnh lin kt sn xut, tiu th c tra Cn

Th; Hp tc x chn nui b sa Evergrowth

Sc trng; Hp tc x dch v sn xut nng

nghip Tn Cng, tnh ng Thp(3)

Th hai,v pha nh doanh nghip

Nh doanh nghip ng vai tr ht nhn

v l mt xch quan trng nht trong chui

lin kt 4 nh v l ngi trc tip cung

cp cc yu t u vo, gii quyt cc snphm u ra cho ngi nng dn. Hiu qu

cui cng ca sn xut kinh doanh ph thuc

rt nhiu vo cch iu hnh, nng lc kinh

doanh ca doanh nghip. Nu doanh nghip

c nng lc li lm n mt cch bi bn, tn

trng li ch ca ngi nng dn th ngi

nng dn s rt nhiu, khng phi qu

lo lng do phi gii quyt u vo, u ra mvn c cuc sng c m bo. Mun vy,

doanh nghip phi:


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19

Lin kt 4 nh . . .

C vn, k thut, ngun nhn

lc, kh nng iu hnh qun l kinh

doanh.

C chin lc kinh doanh, c c th

ha bng nhng k hoch di hn, ngnhn c tnh n mi trng bn trong v

bn ngoi.

C lnh o nng ng, c u c kinh

doanh, c o to bi bn, thng tho

ngoi ng, bit ng dng cng ngh thng

tin trong qun l. thy c ci m th

trng cn t gn vi sn xut ca

ngi nng dn, hng nng dn vo thtrng, p ng c cc yu cu sau:

+ Sn phm phi t c cht lng tt

nht, p ng c i hi ca ngi tiu dng.

+ Khi lng sn phm phi ln tit

kim c chi ph vn chuyn v p ng yu

cu ca nhiu nh nhp khu.

+ Thi im giao hng phi ng nh

trong hp ng k kt.

+ Gi c sn phm phi mang tnhcnh tranh.

Doanh nghip phi phn tch li ch hi

ha,m bo quyn li cho ngi nng

dn, trnh lm n chp git, xy dng v

bo v thng hiu, cnh tranh lnh mnh,

kt hp vi ngi nng dn xy dng v

n nh vng nguyn liu.

Doanh nghip cn to iu kin cho nginng dn tham gia vo hot ng ca

doanh nghip, c hng nhng thnh

qu kinh doanh ca doanh nghip bng

cch cho h ng gp c phn (pht hnh

c phiu u i nh cng ty bo v thc

vt An Giang lm), a ngi nng dn

tr thnh thnh vin ca doanh nghip.

Bng cch , ngi nng dn s c thunhp n nh hn, gn b nhiu hn vi

doanh nghip

Th ba,v pha nh nng

Ngi nng dn l ngi l ngi trc

tip s dng cc yu t sn xut sn xut

ra nhng sn phm tiu chun tiu dng

trong nc v xut khu. Ngi nng dn vli ch ca h trong lin kt 4 nh c cho

l quan trng nht, thiu h th khng c sn

phm nng nghip, cn cc nhn vt khc

ch l trung gian, cht xc tc m thi!

khng nh vai tr ca ngi nng dn trong

lin kt, nh nng phi:

Thay i nhn thc: ngi nng dn phi

nhn thc rng minh khng th giu cnu khng da vo cc cng ty, cc doanh

nghip lm n ln.

Hc cch lm n mi, theo k thut cao,

p ng cc tiu chun k thut nh GAP

v sn phm lm ra khng ch bn cho th

trng 90 triu dn m cn xut khu trn

ton cu.

C thc tn trng nhng cam kt k

trong hp ng c v s lng, cht lng

v thi gian cung ng

Cn lin kt vi ngi nng dn trong cc

hp tc x, t hp tc, cu lc b khuyn

nng

Th t,v pha nh khoa hc

Nh khoa hc ng vai tr rt quan trng

trong lin kt gia cc nh, gip sn xut ca

ngi nng dn t hiu qu cao hn, mbo cht lng tt hn thng qua cc tri thc,

kin thc v cng ngh m h chuyn giao

cho ngi nng dn. pht huy ti a vai

tr ca nh khoa hc, cn phi:

Xc nh cc mt hot ng cung cp cho

nh nng bao gm: cc quy trnh k thut

sn xut; k thut ch bin; tiu chun

cht lng, an ton v sinh thc phm a ra cc gii php nhm tng sn lng,

cht lng v h gi thnh sn phm


23/141

20


Hun luyn, o to nh nng tip thu,

ng dng tin b k thut.

T chc nh gi, nghim thu kp thi v

sm a vo ng dng nhng sng kin

ca ngi nng dn.Nh khoa hc phi c hng quyn li

vt cht r rng khi tham gia lin kt.

5. KT LUN

Nh vy, lin kt 4 nh l mt cch i

hon ton ng n, ph hp vi cung cch

lm n mi, gip ngi nng dn ch ng

trong sn xut kinh doanh, l th hin phnchia li nhun theo chui gi tr sn xut,

gp phn thc y sn xut nng nghip theo

hng pht trin bn vng, p ng yu cu

xy dng nng thn mi, thc hin Ngh

quyt Trung ng 7 kha X v nng nghip,

nng dn v nng thn. Tuy nhin, trn thc

t, vic thc hin lin kt 4 nh ng bngsng Cu Long ni ring v c nc ni chung

trong thi gian qua cn rt nhiu bt cp cn

c nhng nghin cu nghim tc hn. mt

liu lng nht nh, ngi vit bi ny mun

chia s nhng h ly mt khi khng t c

mi lin kt gia cc nh v xut mt s

gii php cho tng nh c th lin kt

cht ch hn, p ng i hi ca mt nnnng nghip pht trin bn vng./.


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21

Lin kt 4 nh . . .

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1].Thc hin lin kt 4 nh:Chng trnh nng thn mi sm v ch http://sofri.org.vn/News Detail.as

px?l=&id=332&cat=3&catdetail=0

[2]. Chuyn i c cu nng nghip BSCL

http://tiasang.com.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=114&News=7072&CategoryID=7[3]. Tam nng BSCL- Nhng vn cn nhn li

http://m.baotintuc.vn/thoi-su/tam-nong-o-dong-bang-song-cuu-long-nhung-van-de-can-nhin-

lai-20131003084839162.htm

[4]. Lin kt 4 nh cht ch hn

http://www.baomoi.com/Lien-ket-4-nha-chat-che-hon/45/12499448.epi

[5]. Lin kt sn xut: Xu th pht trin tt yu ca nng nghip hin i: V sao cn lng lo

http://www.hoinongdanag.org.vn/%C4%91%E1%BB%9Di-s%E1%BB%91ng-x%C3%A3-

h%E1%BB%99i/nam-2013/5036.aspx[6]. M hnh lin kt bn nh An Giang

http://mekongdelta.com.vn/mekongdelta/tintuc_detail.php?show=309

[7]. Cho vay theo chui lin kt :Ngn hng mun ; Doanh nghip cn

http://www.baomoi.com/Cho-vay-theo-chuoi-lien-ket-Ngan-hang-muon-va-doanh-nghiep-

can/45/13478866.epi

[8]. Lin kt 4 nh trong nng nghip cn lng lo

http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Lien-ket-4-nha-trong-nong-nghiep-con-long-leo/10846206/87/

[9]. Vng mc trong lin kt 4 nh C Mau

http://www.baocamau.com.vn/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=31856

[10]. Lin kt tiu th nng sn: Cn nhng gii php ng b

http://socongthuonght.gov.vn/xuc-tien-thuong-mai/lien-ket-tieu-thu-nong-san-can-nhung-giai-phap-

111ong-bo

[11]. Cn nhn rng m hnh in kt 4 nh hp tc x pht trin bn vng

http://www.agroviet.gov.vn/Pages/news_detail.aspx?NewsId=25729#

[12]. Kinh t 2013-2014 Vit Nam v Th gii

[13].Nguyn c Hng v L Phan Thanh Ha (2013) Gii php m rng vn tn dng ngn hng

cho pht trin bn vng kinh t-x hi vng ng bng sng Cu Long. Tp ch Cng sn thng12 nm 2013

[14].Tng cC Thng k Vit nam, nm 2013


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22


CC NHN T NH HNG N MI QUAN HKHCH HNG V NHN VIN TI NGN HNG

THNG MI C PHN (TMCP) KIN LONG -CHI NHNH RCH GIL Thy Thy Tin, H Huy Tu*

TM TT

Bi vit ny phn tch cc nhn t nh hng n mi quan h gia khch hng v nhn

vin Ngn hng. Da trn cc l thuyt c s nn tng cng nh kt qu cc cng trnh nghin cu

thc hin trong v ngoi nc, m hnh v cc gi thit nghin cu c xy dng vi 7 bin c

lp c tc ng ln S tin cy l: (1) Nghip v v cc thng tin cung cp; (2) cc dch v h trgn gi, y , chnh xc ; (3) cc chng trnh khuyn mi; (4) li sut v cc loi ph; (5) p

ng nhu cu khch hng; (6) quan h cng chng; (7) cm nhn v s chm sc khch hng. Trn

c s kt qu nghin cu v mc gn b ca khch hng i vi Ngn hng TMCP Kin Long

trn a bn tnh Kin Giang. T , c th a ra gii php ci thin mc gn b ca khch

hng vi Ngn hng v c cc xut cho cc nghin cu trong tng lai.

T kha: nhn t nh hng, quan h khch hng, ngn hng thng mi c phn Kin

Long, Rch Gi.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUSTOMERS

AND STAFF AT KIEN LONG JOINT STOCKBANK -

KIEN GIANG BRANCH

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the factors affecting the relationship between customers and the banks

staff. Based on the background theories and the results from other researches both in and outthe countries, the models and hypotheses of the research are set up with 7 independent variables

which have inuences on the liability: (1) competence and information offered; (2) sufcient and

exact supporting services; (3) promotion programs; (4) interest rates and other fees; (5) responsive

customer needs; (6) PR; and (7) feedback on customer services. From the results on customer

loyalty to Kien Long bank Kien Giang branch, th research suggests some solutions to improve the

customer loyalty with the bank and some reccommendations for future researches.

Key Words: Factors inuencing, customer relations, joint-stock commercial banks Kien

Long, Rach Gia.

* Trng i hc Thy sn Nha Trang


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23

Cc nhn t . . .

1. t vn

Vn mang tnh cht sng cn hin

nay t ra cho cc NHTM ni chung v Ngn

hng TMCP Kin Long ni ring l phi bng

cch no gi chn khch hng c v thu htthm khch hng mi. lm c iu ,

tc l m bo c hiu qu hot ng ca

ngn hng, cc ngn hng cn phi xc nh

c cc nhn t nh hung n mi quan h

gia khch hng v nhn vin ti Ngn hng

TMCP Kin Long - Chi nhnh Rch Ga.

2. Phng php lun v phng phpnghin cu.

2.1. Phng php lun

Hnh 2.1.M hnh l thuyt xut

T cc kt qu nghin cu trc tc gi

xut mi quan h gia khch hng vi

nhn vin dch v ngn hng theo m hnh

SERVQUAL gm 6 thnh phn l: s thomn hi lng, chnh sch quan h khch hng,

di ca mi quan h, s lng mi quan

h, cng quan h v lng tin tng. Quan

h gia khch hng v nhn vin dch v ngn

hng theo m hnh SERVQUAL nh trn.

Trong yu t chnh sch quan h khchhng l s kt hp gia cc yu t dch v

h tr khch hng, cc chng trnh thng


27/141

24


xuyn, li sut v ph, p ng c nhu cu

khch hng, quan h cng chng v yu t cc

chng trnh chm sc khch hng.

* Yu t v di ca mi quan h

Mi quan h gia khch hng v nhn vingiao dch ngn hng cng c di ko cng

mang tnh tch cc cho qu trnh giao dch.

* Yu t v cng ca mi quan h

Mi quan h gia khch hng v nhn

vin giao dch ngn hng c cng cng

cao l chng t c kh nng duy tr c

khch hng trung thnh.

* Yu t v s lng mi quan hS lng mi quan h gia khch hng v

cc nhn vin giao dch cng nhiu cng to

iu kin cho mi quan h gia khch hng v

ngn hng cng gn b.

* Yu t v lng tin

L trnh , kin thc chuyn mn ca

nhn vin, bu khng kh lm vic khi tip

xc vi khch hng, li ha, li cam kt ca

nhn vin i vi khch hng.* Yu t li sut, ph

L s tin m khch hng phi tr cho vic

th hng cc dch v ngn hng nh vay

vn, chuyn tin... Hay s tin khch hng

nhn c khi gi tit kim...

* Yu t quan h cng chng

Mi quan h cng chng l yu t quan

trng trong vic xy dng, pht trin hnhnh. N to thm lng tin cho khch hng,

mt tnh cm, mt s gn b gn gi trong

cng ng.

* Cc yu t v chnh sch

Cc yu t chnh sch bao gm: chnh

sch quan h khch hng, dch v chm sc,

cc chng trnh h tr thng xuyn, nhng

u i v li sut, ph,... s to nn mi quanh gia khch hng v ngn hng cng gn

b nhau.

* Yu t trung thnh

Th hin qua hnh ng lp li hnh vi s

dng dch v NH, ni tt v NH v gii thiu

n cho nhng ngi xung quanh...

2.2. Phng php nghin cu2.2.1. Phng php thu thp s liu

nghin cu.

S liu th cp phn tch nhng vn

trong ti nghin cu c thu thp trong

nm 2013.

S liu s cp c thu thp trc tip t

bng cu hi phng vn 240 khch hng ang

giao dch vi Ngn hng trn a bn tnhKin Giang.

2.2.2. Phng php nghin cu

- Tc gi s dng phng php nghin

cu nh tnh bng cch lt kho cc nghin

cu trc y, cng nh tranh th cc kin

ng gp ca ng nghip xc nh cc

nhn t nh hng n s gn b ca khch

hng i vi Ngn hng ni chung, cng nh

i vi Ngn hng Kin Long CN Rch Gi

ni ring. Lm c s cho nh v nghin cu

ca lun vn.

- Tc gi s dng phng php nghin cu

nh lng thng qua 2 bc. Bc nghin

cu s b c thc hin thng qua phng vn

th nhm khng nh v b sung nhng tiu

ch nh gi, iu chnh thang o v xy dng

bng cu hi phc v cho qu trnh nghin cunh lng. Bc nghin cu chnh thc vi

k thut phng vn trc tip cc khch hng

thng qua bng cu hi thu thp thng tin t

cc khch hng hin ang giaodch vi Ngn

hng trn a bn tnh Kin Giang. Vic phn

tch d liu c h tr bng phn mm SPSS

16.0, vi cc phng php Phn tch thng

k m t, Phn tch tin cy vi h sCronbachs alpha, Phn tch nhn t khm

ph EFA, M hnh hi quy.


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25

Cc nhn t . . .

3. Kt qu nghin cu v tho lun.

Bng 3.1.M hnh tm tt s dng phng php Enter cho S lng quan h

R R2 R2 iu chnh Sai s chun ca clng H s Durbin-Watson

.709a 0.503 0.490 0.32357 2.064

Ngun :S liu phn tch t kt qu kho st.

Bng 3.2.Bng phn tch ANOVAbphng php Enter cho S lng quan h

M hnh Tng bnh phng Df Trung bnh bnh phng F Mc ngha

Hi quy 24.704 6 4.117 39.325 .000a

Phn d 24.395 233 .105

Tng 49.1 239


Bng 3.3.Kt qu phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh theo phng php Enter cho S lng quan h

M hnh

H s hi quy khngchun ho

H shi quychunho

T

Mc

ngha

Thng k cng tuyn

B lchchun Beta Tolerance VIF

Hng s .901 .203 4.442 .000SU_TC .128 .064 .152 2.013 .045 .374 2.673SU_TA .107 .047 .144 2.276 .024 .532 1.881KM_GP .170 .054 .197 3.119 .002 .536 1.860DU_NC .103 .051 .116 2.040 .042 .665 1.503QH_CC .115 .056 .132 2.045 .042 .513 1.947CS_KH .153 .054 .175 2.835 .005 .558 1.793


- Kt qu phn tch hi quy ti Bng 3.1

ch ra h s R2 = 0.490. iu ny ni rng, 6

bin c lp trong m hnh gii thch c

49.% s bin thin n s lng quan h gia

khch hng v nhn vin ti ngn hng trong

mu iu tra.

- Tip theo l cn kim nh gi thuyt v ph hp ca m hnh (phn tch phng sai).

nh gi ph hp ca m hnh cn kim

nh gi thuyt H0: h s hi quy ca cc bin

c lp k=0. (R2 = 0), kim nh F thng qua

phn tch phng sai. Theo kt qu tnh ton

Bng 3.2 v 3.3: h s xc nh R2= 0.490, F

= 39.325 v mc ngha thng k Sig =.000a

(


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26


- Gi nh khng c mi tng quan gia

cc bin c lp (o lng a cng tuyn):

kim tra hin tng a cng tuyn, ch

s thng dng l h s phng i phng

sai VIF (Variance Ination Factor). Kt quphn tch ti Bng 3.3 cho thy h s VIF u

nh hn 2.7, nh hn mc chp nhn c

8.0 rt nhiu (Hong Trng v Chu Nguyn

Mng Ngc, 2005) nn ta kt lun hin tng

a cng tuyn khng nghim trng gia cc

bin c lp.

- Gi nh v tnh c lp ca sai s (hay

khng c tng quan gia cc phn d):i

lng thng k Durbin-Watson gip ta thc

hin kim nh ca cc sai s k nhau. Kt

qu phn tch ti Bng 3.1 cho thy gi tr

thng k Durbin-Watson = 2.064 xp x 2.0

nn c th nhn nh rng hin tng t tngquan l khng xy ra.

- Gi nh phng sai ca sai s khng

i: Nhn xt th phn tn Scatterplot

(Hnh 3.1) trn y ta nhn thy phn d phn

tn ngu nhin quanh trc 0 (tc quanh gi tr

trung bnh ca phn d) trong mt phm vi

khng i. Nh vy, gi nh phng sai ca

ca sai s khng i khng b vi phm.

Ngun:S liu phn tch t kt qu kho st.

Hnh 3.1. th Scatterplot cho S lng quan h

Ngoi ra, thc hin vic kim nh

phng sai ca sai s khng i bng vicphn tch hi quy gia bin ph thuc l bnh

phng phn d v bin c lp l gi tr d

bo s tha mn. Cc gi tr ny c to t

phn mm SPSS:

PRE_2: gi tri d bo s tha mn

RES_2: gi tr phn d.

To bin phn d bnh phng sl =

RES_2* RES_2Kt qu ti Ph lc kim nh phng

sai ca sai s khng i S lng quan h

cho thy: R2 = 0.001, F = 0.126, Sig. = 0.723a

>0.05 nn khng bc b gi thit phng saica sai s khng i.

Ta c R2 = 0.001 vi t = 0.355 khng c

ngha thng k v Sig. = 0.723>0.05 nn

gi thit R20 l khng ph hp. Nh vy,

gi nh phng sai ca ca sai s khng i

khng b vi phm.

- Gi nh v phn phi chun ca phn

d: kho st s vi phm v gi nh phnphi chun ca phn d, tc gi s dng biu

Histogram v th P-P plot trong phn


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27

Cc nhn t . . .

tch SPSS 16. Biu Histogram (Hnh 3.2)

cho thy mt ng cong phn phi chun

c t chng ln biu tn s. Phn phi

phn d xp x chun (trung bnh Mean gn

bng 0 v lch chun Std.Dev = 0.987 tc

l gn bng 1).


Hnh 3.2.Biu Histogram cho S lng quan h

- Ngoi ra, nhn vo th P-P plot (Hnh3.3), kt qu cho thy cc im quan st khng

phn tn qu xa ng thng k vng. Do ,

c th kt lun rng gi thit phn phi chun

khng b vi phm.

Ngun:S liu phn tch t kt qu kho st.

Hnh 3.3. th P-P plot cho S lng quan h

Cui cng, ta kim nh gi thit v ngha ca cc h s hi quy ring phn cho

m hnh. m bo cc bin c lp u

thc s c nh hng n bin ph thuc, ta

tin hnh kim nh t . Vi gi thuyt H0l h

s hi quy ca cc bin c lp k= 0, v vi

tin cy 95% th ta c th bc b gi thuyt

H0i vi tt c cc

k. Theo kt qu tnh ton

trong Bng 3.3, gi tr t-value ca cc bin ku ln hn 2. v P-value < 0.05. iu ny

c ngha l 6 nhn t trong phng trnh u

c nh hng n mi quan h gia S lng

quan h gia khch hng v nhn vin.

Nh vy m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh c

xy dng theo phng trnh hi qui trn

khng vi phm cc gi nh cn thit v hi

quy tuyn tnh.


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4. Cc gii php

4.1. S trung thnh ca khch hng

Qua kt qu nghin cu, ta c th thy

mc d Ngn hng Kin Long c nhng

thnh cng nht nh, chim mt th phnnht nh v c c thng hiu mnh ti

a bn tnh Kin Giang. Tuy nhin, gi

vng khch hng truyn thng hay th phn,

cng nh pht trin khch hng mi, khch

hng tim nng nhm m bo hiu qu kinh

doanh th Ngn hng Kin Long cn phi c

s ci tin hn na trong mi quan h ca

khch hng vi nhn vin nhm tng s lngkhch hng, tng doanh thu, tng li nhun.

Vi kt qu nghin cu cho thy cc yu t

c nh hng ln n lng trung thnh ca

khch hng ln lt l S tin cy v S chm

sc khch hng, Cng quan h, S lng

mi quan h, di quan h v Mc trung

thnh. Nn cc gii php ca ti s tp

trung theo hng ci thin cc nhn t trn.

4.2. S tin cy, S chm sc khch hngKt qu nghin cu cho thy, nhm nhn t

S tin cy v S chm sc khch hng c tc

ng ln nht n S hi lng ca khch hng

i vi cc sn phm, dch v ca Ngn hng

Kin Long Kin Giang. Thng thng trong

ngnh dch v, cht lng phc v c quyt

nh phn ln bi yu t ngun nhn lc hay

con ngi. i vi lnh vc kinh doanh tint th yu t con ngi cn quan trng hn v

l yu t cnh tranh mnh m gia cc ngn

hng. Ngun nhn lc c trnh chuyn mn,

trnh nghip v cao, o c ngh nghip,

tc phong lm vic chuyn nghip s to c

mc tn nhim v nim tin ca khch hng

i vi Ngn hng. y l vn ct li gi

chn c khch hng truyn thng v phttrin khch hng tim nng, v vy pht trin

yu t con ngi l v cng quan trng.

4.3. Tnh cnh tranh v gi

Tuy hin nay yu t gi khng cn l li

th hng u trong chin lc cnh tranh.

Nhng vi s xut hin ngy cng nhiu cc

Ngn hng trn a bn tnh, lm cho khchhng nhy cm hn v gi. H c s so snh,

la chn nhiu hn khi c nhu cu giao dch.

Mun gi chn khch hng c cng nh

thu ht khch hng mi th Ngn hng cn

phi bo m tnh cnh tranh v gi. Kt qu

nghin cu cho thy yu t gi cng l mt

yu t rt quan trng nh hng n s hi

lng ca khch hng. Cc gii php bo mtnh cnh tranh v gi m Ngn hng c th

thc hin nh:

Pht huy tnh linh ng ca chnh sch gi

mt cch c hiu qu. Ty tng trng hp

m Ngn hng c nhng biu gi v nhng

chnh sch u i khc nhau. Cn thng

xuyn tin hnh kho st v gi dch v v li

sut mt s ngn hng cng a bn xem

xt li chnh sch gi c v li sut ca ngn

hng mnh. Cp nht thng tin v bin ng

th trng cng nh gi c giao dch cng

c lng tin ca khch hng v tnh cnh tranh

v gi ca ngn hng.

4.4. S thun tin

Hin ti Ngn hng Kin Long ang

xp th hai trn a bn tnh Kin Giang v

mng li hot ng vi 17 im giao dchtrong ton tnh ch ng sau Ngn hng Nng

nghip. y l mt li th rt ln ca Ngn

hng trong vic p ng nhu cu ca khch

hng. Song y s khng cn l mt li th

lu di, bi khi c php tr li cc Ngn

hng trn a bn s thc hin m rng mng

li ca mnh lm gia tng s cnh tranh rt

ln i vi Ngn hng Kin Long. V vy, cnc s chun b trc cho cng tc ny, qua

kho st cho thy Ngn hng Kin Long vn


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Cc nhn t . . .

cn c th m thm 3 im kinh doanh mang

li hiu qu kinh doanh cho mnh l: ti x

Dng T - huyn Ph Quc, Th trn Minh

Lng huyn Chu Thnh v mt Ch Mi

mt Bin - huyn An Minh.Bn cnh gia tng s thun tin cho

khch hng c bit l khch hng lu nm

hay khch s d tin gi ln ti Ngn hng,

th vic nhn v trao tr tin gi ti nh khi

khch hng c nhu cu cng l mt gii php

kh thi hin nay. Vic ny gip khch hng

mt thi gian, chi ph i li giao dch vi

Ngn hng m cn to nim tin, s khn khtgia Ngn hng v khch hng. ng thi

tin hnh sa cha mt s im giao dch ni

c lng khch hng ln nh Chi nhnh Rch

Gi, Phng Giao dch s 3 nhm to c

mi trng giao dch tt hn cho khch hng

nh bi xe rng ri, mi trng bn trong

thong mt, sch s to iu kin tt nht

trong qu trnh khch hng ch i v thc

hin giao dch ca mnh vi ngn hng.4.5. Hnh nh ca Ngn hng

Hin ti trn tnh Kin Giang, Ngn hng

Kin Long c mt hnh nh kh p trong

mt ngi dn, t thnh th n nng thn,

t c khch hng c s d ln n cc tiu

thng ch vi s d ch vi triu ng.

y c th ni l mt s thnh cng ca Ngn

hng, ghi nhn s phn u khng ngng nghca mt tp th trong thi gian gn 18 nm

xy dng v pht trin. Mt hnh nh p

trong lng khch hng kh, cng c v

pht trin hnh nh p cng kh hn, Hin

nay, vic xy dng hnh nh ca Ngn hng

mc d c s u t ng k nhng cha

c s ng b v thng nht cao v ngi dn

cng cha quan tm nhiu n hnh nh caNgn hng ch yu thng qua ng phc hay

ci tn KienLong Bank gn lin vi mt s s

kin a phng. iu ny khng qu kh

hiu, v Kin Giang l mt tnh m kinh t

ch yu da vo sn xut nng nghip v khai

thc thy sn, trnh v nhn thc ca ngi

dn cn thp. iu m phn ln khch hngcn Ngn hng l nhng ci hu hnh, thc

t d nhn thy m t quan tm n nhng gi

tr v hnh. Tuy nhin, trong tng lai khng

xa, hnh nh c th l mt yu t quan trng

v kinh t ngy mt pht trin v trnh ca

ngi dn ngy cng nng cao. Chc chn,

hnh nh l mt yu t khng th thiu trong

vic la chn ni giao dch ca khch hng. xy dng v cng c mt hnh nh trong

lng khch hng, Ngn hng cn:

ng b v hng nht hnh nh, nhn din

thng hiu ca Ngn hng t Hi s chnh

cho n cc chi nhnh a phng v Phng

giao dch cc kin trc tr s, bng hiu, logo

cho n mi trng giao dch bn trong ng

phc, pano, p phch, bao th, o i ma, bt

vit, Hin nay, Ngn hng ang cho php

nhn vin mc trang phc t do vo ngy th

by cho thm phn sinh ng nhng phi gi

c s gn gng, lch s v khng mt i

bn sc ring ca Ngn hng Kin Long.

Vi lc lng nhn s gn 1.000 nhn s

trong c hn 500 cng tc vin trn a bn

tnh, c th xem y l mt lc lng hng hu

gp phn vo vic qung b pht trin hnh nhNgn hng Kin Long hn na. V vy, Ngn

hng cn c s u t o to thch ng cc

kha hc v pht trin hnh nh, thng hiu,

cc bui ta m v vn ha Ngn hng Kin

Long, gip cho nhn vin ca mnh c nhn thc

tt nht v hnh nh v vn ha ca Ngn hng

c nh hng ln th no vo s hi lng ca

khch hng i vi Ngn hng c bit l ing cng tc vin. T h s l knh qung b

tt nht cho Ngn hng n tng khch hng..


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Bn cnh th Ngn hng cg cn phi

duy tr v tham gia tch cc hn na cc hot

ng gip pht trin cng ng a phng,

cc hot ng gip ngi ngho, qu hc

bng cho cc sinh vin tnh nh4.6. Pht trin khch hng bn vng

m bo hiu qu kinh doanh lu

di ngoi s u t v cng ngh, nhn s,

thng hiu, chin lc kinh doanh, th khch

hng l mt nhn t cc k quan trng mang

tm chin lc. V cui cng, duy tr v m

rng quan h khch hng l mi u tin hng

u. Xy dng chin lc khch hng nhmxc nh phn khc th trng, phm vi, quy

m kinh doanh, a ra cc thch thc v gii

php thu ht khch hng. Lm tt cng tc

pht trin chin lc khch hng l c s tt

thc hin nhim v kinh doanh gip Ngn

hng thu c li ch cao v bn vng.

Hin nay vic t chc phc v khch hng

ca Ngn hng cha c s thng nht gia

cc phng ban hay gia cc n v trc thuc,

ty theo nhim v ca mnh tin hnh cng

tc khch hng mt cch tng i c lp,thiu s phi hp. V vy, Ngn hng cn phi

c mt b phn chuyn trch khch hng trn

c s kt hp gia cc n v, phng ban

thc hin cc hot ng:

Hot ng xc tin bn hng, chm sc

khch hng: trc tip lin h vi khch hng

tm hiu nhu cu ca khch hng, qung b

gii thiu kh nng cung ng, gii thch cc snphm ca Ngn hng. Ghi nhn nhng ni dung

m hai bn quan tm. Thu thp thng tin khch

hng nh h s c nhn, tnh hnh ti chnh.

Thit lp mi quan h thng xuyn vi khch

hng, h tr t vn cho khch hng cc vn

lin quan n sn phm m Ngn hng cung cp.

TI LIU THAM KHO:[1]. inh Quang Tun (2011),Nghin cu s hi lng ca khch hng s dng dch v tr lng qua

ti khon ti cc Ngn hng trn a bn thnh ph KonTum, Lun vn thc s, i hc Nng.[2]. Tin Ho (2007),Nghin cu s hi lng ca khch hng doanh nghip i vi sn phm dch

v ngn hng HSBC chi nhnh thnh ph H Ch Minh, Lun vn thc s, i hc Kinh t Thnhph H Chi Minh.

[3].H thng cht lng theo tiu chun ISO 9000.[4]. Hong Trng v Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005), Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS, NXB

Thng K.

[5]. Hong Xun Bch Loan (2008),Nng cao s hi lng ca khch hng ti NH u t v Pht trinVit Nam Chi nhnh Thnh ph H Ch Minh, Lun vn Thc s, i hc Kinh t Thnh ph HCh Minh.

[6]. L Vn Huy (2007), S dng ch s hi lng ca khch hng (customer satisfaction index-CSI)trong hoch nh chin lc kinh doanh NH: Cch tip cn m hnh l thuyt, Tp ch khoa hccng ngh- i hc Nng, s 2 (19), trang 51-56.

[7].Nguyn ng Dn (2004), Tin t ngn hng, NXB Thng k, H Ni, trang 133-141.[8].Nguyn nh Th v Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2007),Nghin cu khoa hc Marketting,NXB i hc

Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh.[9]. Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2006), Cht lng dch v, s hi lng, v lng trung thnh ca khch

hng siu th ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh,Tp ch Pht trin Khoa hc v Cng Ngh, tp 9, s(10)-2006.

[10]. Nguyn Th Phng Trm (2008), Cht lng dch v ngn hng in t: So snh gia m hnhSERVQUAL v GRONROOS, Lun vn Thc s, Trng i hc Kinh t TPHCM


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Chn nui g . . .

CHN NUI G CNG NGHIP TI KHU VC NGNAM B THEO NH HNG PHT TRIN BN VNG

Vng Thnh Nam *

TM TT

Nhng nm gn y, c cu sn xut nng nghip c chuyn dch dn t trng trt sang

chn nui, trong lnh vc chn nui gia cm c nhng bc tin vt bc, ni bt nht l chnnui g cng nghip pht trin mnh cc tnh ng Nam b. Mc d hin nay chn nui g cng

nghip c kh nng mang li hiu qu kinh t cao, nhng thc t ngi chn nui cng nhiu phen

khn n do gi u vo, u ra bt n, ln xung tht thng, lm cho h l nng, c ni, c lc

phi ng ca chung, hoc ph sn gii ngh Mt khc, trong qu trnh chn nui khng ch

tng trng v mt kinh t m i hi pht trin c v mt x hi v m bo v mt mi trng.

Do vy, cn thit phi nghin cu nh gi thc trng pht trin bn vng chn nui g cng

nghip, t xut cc gii php ph hp.

T kha: nui g cng nghip, khu vc Dng Nam B, pht trin bn vng

CHICKEN INDUSTRIAL FARM FEEDING IN SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST AREAS

ABSTRACT

In recent years, agriculture production structure has changed gradually from cultivating to

breeding, in which live stock breeding has grown signicantly. The most growth is chicken industrial

farm at provinces of South East Vietnam. Although chicken industry farm has high economic value,the breeders have a lot of difculties due to high input prices, unstable output, mis-match of demand

and supply. These reasons cause big nancial loss, in some place, lead to shut down the farms, or

business close out in another hand, the breeding process not only bring the economic growth, but

also is being asked for society development and environment protection. Therefore, it is necessary

to research and evaluate the sustainable development of chicken industrial breeding fact, and

reasonable solutions must be proposed.

Keywords:Breed chicken industry, South East areas, Sustainable development

* GV. Trng i hc S phm k thut Tp. H Ch Minh. T: 0907.993345


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1. C S L LUN V PHT TRIN

BN VNG NGNH CHN NUI

1.1. Khi nim pht trin bn vng

Con ngi lun kht khao cuc sng ngy

cng tt hn. p ng mc tiu trc mtv tha mn nhng nhu cu ca mnh, con

ngi khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin n

cn kit v thi vo nhng th nhim

ngy cng trm trng. T , thin nhin

ging nh gin d v phn ng ngc li

ngy cng mnh m, c th tnh hnh thin tai

trm trng vi ni ny, ni khc nh hng

n i sng nhn loi.Trc tnh hnh , nhiu nh hot ng

mi trng, nhiu nh x hi hc, nhiu nh

khoa hc khc ku gi nhn loi phi tn

trng mi trng, phi c cch pht trin khc

i va p ng c nhu cu tng trng

kinh t, pht trin x hi va m bo khng

nh hng mi trng nhm duy tr v to ra

cho nhn loi mi trng sng tt, m bo

sc khe v pht trin con ngi ton din.Phng thc pht trin chnh l pht trin

bn vng (PTBV). T khi nim pht trin

bn vng ra i.

Bo co Brundtland c xut bn vo

thng 5 nm 1987, do y ban Mi trng v

Pht trin Th gii xut bn, ln u tin thut

ng pht trin bn vng c cng b chnh

thc v ph bin rng ri. Theo , Pht trinbn vng l s pht trin c th p ng c

nhng nhu cu hin ti m khng nh hng,

tn hi n nhng kh nng p ng nhu cu

ca cc th h tng lai. Hay ni khc i,

pht trin bn vng phi bo m pht trin hi

ha c 3 lnh vc: kinh t - x hi - mi trng.

t c iu , phi c s chung tay thc

hin ca tt c cc thnh phn kinh t - x hi,cc nh lnh o t nc, cc t chc x hi...

v chnh bn thn tng con ngi.

1.2. S cn thit phi pht trin bn

vng ngnh chn nui

Dn s th gii tng nhanh, lm nhu

cu v lng thc v thc phm tng ln.

T , i hi cn phi pht trin nhanh ccngnh nng nghip c nng sut cao, trong

c chn nui, bi chn nui c th to ra

khi lng sn phm ln hn rt nhiu so vi

trng trt trn cng mt n v din tch v

trong cng mt khong thi gian. Mt khc,

sn phm chn nui cng mang li gi tr dinh

dng cao.

Ngoi ra, ngnh ny cn c th tn dngc nhng loi thc phm th cp m con

ngi khng dng hoc khng th dng c

na lm ngun nguyn liu ch bin thc

n cho vt nui nh cc loi ng cc, cc loi

ph phm ca nhng qui trnh sn xut thc

phm, cc loi c tm ph phm, ph phm,

v s nhng th nu khng c ch

bin lm thc n cho gia sc, gia cm th c

th gy nhim mi trng v phi tn km

chi ph x l. Do vy pht trin chn nui rt

c ngha v mt kinh t do c th khai thc

v tn dng cc loi k trn.

Song song vi chui gi tr mang li, ngnh

chn nui to ra rt nhiu vic lm lin quan

trong cc ngnh: sn xut con ging, ch bin

thc n, dch v th , sn xut thit b, dng

c cho chung tri, thu gom sn phm chnnui, ch bin, tiu th pht trin theo. Nh

vy, ngnh chn nui c tnh lan ta ln, pht

trin ngnh ny s lm cc ngnh lin quan

khc pht trin theo, t c th to ra nhiu

vic lm cho ngi lao ng, gp phn n nh

x hi v thc y nn kinh t pht trin.

1.3. Ni dung pht trin bn vng trong

ngnh chn nuiPht trin bn vng trong nng nghip

hay trong chn nui cng u da trn l


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Chn nui g . . .

thuyt v ni dung pht trin bn vng chung,

bao gm:

y Pht trin bn vng v mt kinh t,

y Pht trin bn vng v mt x hi,

y Pht trin bn vng v mt mi trng,y Pht trin bn vng v mt th ch chnh

sch.

Theo Ban c vn k thut thuc nhm

chuyn gia quc t v nghin cu nng nghip

- TAC/CGIAR, nh ngha pht trin nng

nghip bn vng nh sau: Nng nghip bn

vng phi bao hm s qun l thnh cng ti

nguyn nng nghip nhm tho mn nhu cuca con ngi ng thi ci tin cht lng

mi trng v gn gi c ti nguyn nhin

nhin. [2]

Nh vy, trong nng nghip ni chung v

chn nui ni ring, ngi ta c th thc hin

nhiu bin php khc nhau thay cho vic

s dng dng thuc, ha cht nhm hng

ti pht trin bn vng:

y Chn ging cho nng sut cao ng thikhng bnh tt cho vt nui

y S dng thc n sch, an ton chn

nui, to ra sn phm tt, an ton

y S dng cc bin php sinh hc dit

phng nga v tr bnh cho vt nui

y S dng cng ngh tin tin hin i

gim thiu bnh dch, hn ch ly nhim cho

vt nuiyNghin cu v p dng qui trnh chn

nui hp l, khoa hc c sn phm cht

lng cao, hiu qu

Hoc c th kt hp cc bin php trn vi

vic s dng thuc, ha cht mt cch hn ch

nhm gim thiu tc hi i vi mi trng.

1.4. Nhng yu t nh hng qu trnhPTBV ngnh chn nui

C rt nhiu yu t tc ng n pht

trin bn vng chn nui g cng nghip. Tuy

nhin, qua qu trnh nghin cu tc gi nhn

thy c mt s yu t quan trng nh hng

nhiu n qu trnh chn nui:

y Vn u tyNgun cung ng u vo: Con ging;

Thc n chn nui; Chm sc th y; Cng

ngh, thit b chn nui

y Th trng tiu th

yNhn s trong chn nui

y Kt cu h tng k thut: in, nc,

ng giao thng

y

iu kin t nhin, mi trng: nhit, m, nh sng, gi, ngun nc

y Chnh sch qun l, pht trin ngnh

chn nui

y Chnh sch xut nhp khu gia cm v

cc sn phm thay th

1.5. Cc tiu ch nh gi PTBV ngnh

chn nui

bit c ngnh chn nui g cng

nghip ti khu vc ng Nam b pht trin

nh th no? Pht trin n u? bn

vng cha?... chng ta phi c cng c o

lng, tc l phi c h thng ch tiu nh

gi. Tuy nhin, vn kh khn ang gp

phi hin nay l cha c cc ch tiu nh gi

mang tnh php l hoc khoa hc. Sau khi

nghin cu l thuyt PTBV, h thng ch tiunh gi PTBV chung v nh gi PTBV ca

mt s ngnh, tc gi xin xut cc tiu ch

nh gi PTBV chn nui g cng nghip

bao gm:

* Cc ch tiu o lng v mt kinh t

y Tc tng trng ca ngnh nhanh v

m bo trong thi gian diy Mc ng gp ca ngnh vo tng

sn phm quc ni (GDP)


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y Hiu qu s dng vn u t (ICOR)

yNng sut lao ng so vi ngnh khc

* Cc ch tiu o lng v mt x hi

y To thm vic lm cho ngi lao ngy To thu nhp tt cho ngi lao ng n

nh cuc sng

y Xy dng v pht huy vn ha, o c

trong sn xut chn nui

y Gp phn chuyn dch c cu nng

nghip theo hng c li

y T l lao ng ang lm vic trong

ngnh qua o to

* Cc ch tiu o lng v mt mi trng

y Mc khi thc ti nguyn phc v

cho chn nui g cng nghip

y nh hng ca cht thi chn nui g

cng nghip i vi mi trng

y Mc nh hng ca dch bnh i

vi mi trng

* Cc ch tiu o lng v mt th ch

chnh sch

y C chnh sch khuyn khch, to iu

kin cho cc doanh nghip u t vo chn

nui

y C chnh sch khuyn khch, to iu

kin cc doanh nghip u t vo cc ngnh

ph tr cho chn nuiy Chnh sch xut nhp khu gia cm v

cc sn phm thay th

y Chnh sch n nh v pht trin th

trng u vo, u ra cho chn nui

Ngnh chn nui g cng nghip t

ngng PTBV khi cc ni dung trn t bn

vng. Cn nu kt qu phn tch c ni dungno cha t bn vng th cn tm ra gii

php pht trin.

2. THC TRNG CHN NUI G

CNG NGHIP TI KHU VC NG

NAM B - NHN T GC PHT

TRIN BN VNG

2.1. c im kinh t x hi ca ngnam b

Vng ng Nam B bao gm su tnh,

thnh ph: Thnh ph H Ch Minh; ng

Nai; B Ra-Vng Tu; Bnh Dng; Bnh

Phc; Ty Ninh. Din tch t nhin 23.564

km2, chim 7,3% din tch c nc. Dn s

vng ng Nam B l 14.888.149 ngi (kt

qu iu tra dn s ngy 1/4/2011 Tng ccthng k), chim 17% dn s Vit Nam, l

vng c tc tng dn s cao nht nc, do

thu ht nhiu dn nhp c t cc vng khc

n sinh sng. V lc lng lao ng. S pht

trin kinh t nng ng to cho vng c nhiu

li th trong vic pht trin ngnh chn nui

nht l chn nui gia sc, gia cm qui m cng

nghip. y cng l th trng ln tiu th

sn phm gia cm: Dn c trong vng v hn2 triu khch du lch, 1 triu khch vng lai

thng xuyn... V vy, chn nui gia sc, gia

cm vng ng nam b pht trin nht nc.

2.2. Tnh hnh pht trin chn nui g

cng nghip

Theo Cc Thng k, n cui nm 2011

c nc c hn 23.500 trang tri chn nui gia

sc, gia cm. Trong , khu vc ng NamB chim 17,35% (gn 4.100 trang tri, trong

khong 50% chn nui g cng nghip).

S lng g cng nghip c nc hin nay t

khong 72 triu con/nm, ng nam b gn

20 triu con/nm (s liu - Cc chn nui).

Nhn chung, chn nui g theo phng thc

cng nghip nc ta vn cn rt yu v qui

m ln hiu qu, cha pht trin nh cc nctrong khu vc v trn th gii, nng sut chn

nui thp.


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Chn nui g . . .

Bng 1. Tnh hnh chn nui g ti khu vc ng Nam b

APHNG

2010 2011 2012 2013

Tng scon

Trong g CN

Tng scon

Trong g CN

Tng scon

Trong g CN

Tng scon

Trong g CN

C NC 218201 102712.4 232734 60039 223746 61496.74 231763 71820.89ng NamB

18738 10861 21771 12970.1 21398 14230.03 23106 19193.99

Bnh Phc 2513 1010 3157 1317 3120.6 1507.8 3356.3 1919.55

Ty Ninh 2470 268 2867.08 489.992 2813.53 1061.43 3111.682 1771.9

BnhDng

2697 1528 3158 1595.8 3051 1533 3363.722 4563.834

ng Nai 8906 6460 10090 7942.999 9987 8202 10607.5 8942.91

B Ra -

Vng Tu

2051 1474 2276.59 1412.09 2198.09 1721.1 2406.782 1756.5

TP H ChMinh

101 121 222.3 212.2 227.7 204.7 260 239.3

Ngun:Cc chn nui (Vn phng pha nam)

Chn nui g cng nghip ti khu vc

ng nam b hin nay ch yu l hnh thc

nui gia cng. Cc trang tri nui gia cng

cho cc doanh nghip nc ngoi nh C.P.

Group, Japfa, Emivest v pht trin mnh

cc tnh nh ng Nai, Bnh Dng, BnhPhc... Ngoi ra, rt nhiu h nng dn,

trang tri c tim lc ti chnh v kinh nghim

chn nui cng t u t nui g cng nghip

theo phng thc hin i.

y V ging g cng nghip

Nhu cu ging g cng nghip lng trng

nc ta khong 110 - 120 triu con/nm.

Trong nhng nm gn y, nc ta vn phinhp 1,4 - 1,6 triu g b m chuyn tht lng

trng, tn km 4,2 - 5,0 triu USD do cc cng

ty nc ngoi u t nhp vo nui thnh g

b m ly trng p n thnh g con 1 ngy

tui v giao v cc trang tri nui thnh g

tht. Ging g cng nghip ch yu do 3 cng

ty u t nc ngoi l C.P, Japfa v Emivest

sn xut v cung cp cho th trng, cn cccng ty v doanh nghip trong nc sn xut

loi ging g Tam Hong, Lng phng

V vy, th trng c s c quyn v con

ging g lng trng, vo nhng thi im

g thng phm c gi, th gi g con cng

c nng ln, c lc ln ti 26.000 ng/con

g 1 ngy tui. Trong khi , nhiu chuyn

gia cho bit chi ph sn xut cha n 5.000

ng/con g con. iu ny gp phn lm

cho gi thnh chn nui g cng nghip i

ln rt cao, ngi chn nui b gim li nhun

hoc l, gim kh nng cnh tranh so vi cc

nc trong khu vc v th gii.

y V thc n cho g cng nghip

Thc n cho g cng nghip l cc loi

cm thc n c ch bin cng nghip docc doanh nghip sn xut. Th trng thc

n hin nay cng do cc cng ty u t

nc ngoi nh: CP, japfa, Emivest, Cagill,

Proconco, Unipresident, Cng ty De Heus

(H Lan) chi phi rt mnh vi th phn

khong 72% (Theo Trn Mnh, Bo Tui tr).

Ngoi ra, thc n chn nui c gi thnh cao

l do mt phn nguyn liu phi nhp t ncngoi (ng, u tng, bt c, premix) lm

cho gi thnh chn nui g cao.


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y Th trng tiu th v thi quen

tiu dng

c im th trng tiu th sn phm

gia cm:

- Thi quen s dng sn phm ti sngca ngi tiu dng c t lu nn tht g

bo qun lnh hoc qua ch bin cng

nghip t c chp nhn.

- Tp qun t cung, t cp, t git m

ti nh.

Mt khc, tht g cng nghip a s c

cc hng qun ch bin thnh mn n cho

khch vng lai, cng nhn vin, sinh vin. Dovy, nhng tnh, thnh ph ln, ni c nhiu

ngi n lm vic v hc tp cng chnh

l th trng tiu th mnh. Cc tnh ng

nam b l khu vc th ha nhanh nn

tr thnh th trng tiu th nhiu g cng

nghip. Nhng chnh t c im to

nn tnh cht ma v cho th trng ny. Thc

t, khong mt thng trc v sau tt l thi

gian rt kh khn cho vic tiu th g cngnghip do khch vng lai v qu, cc gia nh

khng s dng g cng nghip trong dp tt.

iu ny nh hng rt ln n hiu qu chn

nui v g cng nghip khng th ko di thi

gian nui nh g th vn. Nu nhng dp

nh th c doanh nghip thu mua git m v

tr ng th th trng g cng nghip s n

nh, ngi chn nui khng phi bn bntho vi gi qu r, trnh b l.

Bn cnh , khi lng tht gia sc gia

cm nhp khu qu ln, cnh tranh vi sn

phm g cng nghip trong nc. Hn na,

thi quen tiu dng ca ngi dn trong nc

s dng i, cnh g ng h tht nhp khu

v lm kh khn thm cho vic tiu th g

cng nghip trong nc (th trng ncngoi xem i, cnh l ph phm g cng

nghip nn c gi thp).

2.3. nh gi thc trng chn nui g

cng nghip ti khu vc ng Nam b theo

hng pht trin bn vng

bit c mc PTBV ca ngnh chnnui g cng nghip ti khu vc ng Nam b,

chng ta phn tch trn cc ni dung PTBV:

y V mt kinh t:

Nu da vo cc ch tiu o lng nh

gi th chn nui g cng nghip ti ng

nam b cha th PTBV v mt kinh t. V s

pht trin ca ngnh ny rt bp bnh trongnhng nm qua, ngi chn nui c la li

la l, nhiu ngi phi treo mng, ng ca

chung nn s ng gp ca ngnh vo GDP

ca a phng v c nc rt hn ch. Chn

nui khng c hiu qu kinh t n nh cho

thy hiu qu s dng vn thp v nng sut

lao ng cng cha cao.

y V mt x hi:

Mc d ngnh ny c to thm vic lm

cho ngi lao ng, tuy nhin, do pht trin

khng n nh nn vic lm ca ngi lao

ng cng khng n nh, thng xuyn b

e da, thu nhp khng n nh. a s lao

ng lm vic trong ngnh chn nui cng

cha c o to ch tr mt s t cn b th

hoc k s chn nui ca cc doanh nghipln. Trong qu trnh sn xut chn nui, nhiu

ngi chn nui cng nh cc nh cung cp

thc n cha tht s quan tm n vic xy

dng vn ha, cha th hin o c trong

chn nui, h cho vt nui n ung cht

tng trng, cc loi thuc nh hng n sc

khe ngi tiu dng sn phm chn nui. T

cho thy ngnh chn nui cng th PTBVv mt x hi.


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Chn nui g . . .

y V mt mi trng:

Ngnh chn nui g t khai thc ti

nguyn; Kh thi v nc thi ca cc trang

tri u c kim sot theo qui nh ca nh

nc trc khi thi vo mi trng. Nu sovi chn nui th rong th chn nui g cng

nghip bng cng ngh chung kn thun li

hn trong vic thu gom phn g v phn g

c xem l sn phm ph, l nguyn liu sn

xut phn bn, khng thi vo mi trng.

Trong qu trnh chn nui, cc trang tri

kim sot dch bnh khng ging nhau, nhiu

trang tri x l g dch bnh cha ng quinh, thm ch vt ba bi vo mi trng,

gay nhim. Bn cnh , cc ngnh ph tr

ca chn nui nh sn xut thc n cho vt

nui, git m, ch bin c rt nhiu nh

hng i vi mi trng.

y V mt th ch chnh sch:

y l ni dung quan trng nh hng ln

n pht trin bn vng chn nui g cngnghip. Thc t chnh sch qun l khng

theo kp s pht trin ca ngnh chn nui.

Chnh sch thu ht u t vo ngnh chn

nui, cc ngnh ph tr cha mnh

ngy cng c nhiu doanh nghip cng tham

gia th trng, to s cnh tranh lnh mnh,

chng c quyn trong vic cung cp con

ging, thc n Chnh sch h tr, khuynkhch cha thng sut, ngi chn nui kh

nhn c s h tr ca nh nc v vn, v

h tng k thut. Trong thng mi quc t,

nh nc cn vn dng linh hot mt s cng

c bo h nhm n nh th trng tiu th

cho ngi chn nui.

Nh vy, mc d hnh thnh v pht

trin mnh trong khong 2 thp nin quanhng ngnh chn nui g cng nghip vn

cha th pht trin bn vng.

3. GII PHP KIN NGH

to iu kin thun li, thc y ngnh

chn nui c nhiu tim nng ny i n pht

trin bn vng, tc gi xin xut mt s giiphp v kin ngh:

* Nhm gii php bn trong

y C chnh sch qui hoch ng b v

nht qun t trung ng n a phng i

vi ngnh chn nui v chn nui g cng

nghipy H tr vn u t, tn dng cho ngnh

chn nui g cng nghip

y C chnh sch khuyn khch thu ht

doanh nghip u t vo cc ngnh ph tr:

sn xut con ging, thc n chn nui, thit

b chung tri theo cng ngh hin i, thu

mua git m cng nghip, ch bin, d tr sn

phm nhm n nh th trng tiu th

y Tng bc tin ti to chui gi tr trong

ngnh chn nui hng ti xut khu sn

phm chn nui ra th trng cc nc.

y C chnh sch u tin pht trin h tng

k thut cho chn nui nht l in

y Khuyn khch hot ng bo him i

vi chn nui g cng nghip

* Nhm gii php bn ngoi

y Tranh th quan h hp tc quc t v

sn xut ging v cng ngh chn nui

y C bin php bo h linh hot v hu

hiu ngnh chn nui gia cm trong bi cnh

hi nhp

y Ch trng hng ti xut khu sn

phm chn nui, nht l g cng nghip.


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4. KT LUN

Trong xu hng pht trin hin nay, cng

vi c im, iu kin ca nc ta, pht

trin bn vng chn nui ni chung v chn

nui g cng nghip ni ring l tt yu. Tuynhin, tin ti PTBV l mt qu trnh lu

di, khng th t c kt qu ngay lp tc

v khng ch da vo s n lc ca mt s

c nhn l c th thc hin c m i hi

ngi chn nui, cc cp, cc ngnh lin

quan t trung ng n a phng phi c

s quan tm, thng nht th ch n thc thi

nhm hng ti mc tiu PTBV ngnh chnnui ni chung v chn nui g cng nghip

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