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Ch. 5 Sect. 3, Social Impact of Industrialization Page 10EQ:What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolution?1Industrialization Changes Ways of Life Urbanization: people move from countryside into citiesExample: Manchester, England 1760 = 45,000 people 1850 = 300,000 people

2Urbanization no plans, sanitary codes, lacked adequate housing, education, police protection; garbage heaps

Middle class skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, wealthy farmers; enormous amounts of money had been created; landowners versus those involved in vulgar business world

Manchester, England

3Negative EffectsLiving conditions - no urban planning & no building codes Inadequate housing, education, & police protectionHeaps of garbage in streetsSickness & disease widespread

4Urbanization no plans, sanitary codes, lacked adequate housing, education, police protection; garbage heaps

Street Children 1900

Boys in a Cigar FactoryWorking ConditionsAverage: 14 hrs/day: 6 day wkNot well-lit or cleanUnsafe work environment explosions, cave-ins, bad air, dangerous machineryFrequent loss of limbs

7Children in London School Yard Mid to Late 1800s

8Miners in a shaft 1800s

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Boys shucking oysters.

Young Coal Miners, ca.190012

And you complain about school lunches14

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Child Laborers 21

22Class TensionsSuccessful businessmen built fancy homes (suburbs)Middle Class skilled workers, professionals, businessmenNew Money creates competition to aristocrats = class tension Poor laborers see class division

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During the Industrial Revolution, thousands of people immigrated to cities to find work. Many had to live in overcrowded tenement housing, such as this building in New York City. 24Positive Effects of Industrialization Created jobs & wealthTechnological progress & inventionsMore goods & cheaper pricesHealthier diets; better housingRaised standard of living

25Labor conditions higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions (laws safety)Abuse of natural resourcesLabor conditions improve: higher wages, shorter hours, safer working conditionsIn general, higher standard of living

Long-term Effects of IR26Urbanization Make a simple illustration of an urban area in England in the 1820s. Below it write a description of a day in the life of a city dweller.

Description should be a minimum of 5 sentences27

Page 12 5-4 New Ways of ThinkingEQ: What new ideas about economics and society were fostered as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

28Philosophers Respond to IndustrializationPhilosophers such as Thomas Malthus saw the effects of the population explosion.Crowded slumsHungry familiesUnemploymentWidespread miseryPhilosophers began to look for Natural Laws that would govern business and economics

29Laissez-Faire EconomicsLaissez-Faire Hands Off = no government intervention.

Policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interferences.

Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nationseconomic liberty guaranteed economic progress.

30CapitalismCapitalism - money invested in businesses to make profit

This is the current economic system that we operate under today.

31Laissez faire capitalism no government interference in business (no min. wage; no max hrs day)

32UtilitarianismJeremy Bentham Father of utilitarianismLaws/actions should be judged by their utilityDid they provide more pleasure or happiness then pain?

The idea that the goal of society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

33Rise of SocialismMany people unhappy with aspects of industrialization & capitalism

Socialism: some want government intervention and believed that:All factors of production (land, machines, goods, etc.) should be owned by public for the welfare of allbelieved in social justice (helping the needy & mistreated)Utopianism extreme socialism, everyone equal = no conflictThis is a very impractical ideology

u34Karl Marx and Class StruggleDid not believe in utopia - unrealisticMarx & Engels write The Communist ManifestoCommunism radical socialism - everyone equalStruggle between social classes lead to the creation of a classless societyAll means of production owned by communitybourgeoisie (wealthy) vs. proletariat (poor)Class struggle leads to revolution, then to economic equality. No private property; goods sharedMarx hated capitalism

35Demise of SlaveryBritain abolished in 1833United States abolished in 1865Morally wrongDebate & conflict about economic effects of slaveryLatin America abolished by 1888

3619th Century Union Movement: Britain and United StatesUnion - voluntary association of workers spoke for all people in a tradeengaged in collective bargainingstrike - refuse to workReform Laws 1832 to 1904

37Ideologies Venn Diagram3 differences3 differences3 Similarities between Socialism and Communism38Explaining the DiagramExplain the differences and similarities between Communism, and socialism. Of these two economic systems which do you think would be the best? Why? Which would be the worst? Why?

1 paragraph, 6-8 sentences39