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救救珊瑚大三角Saving the Coral Triangle
秋季 A U T U M N
雜誌 MAGAZINE
2010
調低電腦螢幕亮
度，不但節省電力，
還可減少每年14.6公斤
二氧化碳的排放量。
Turn down the brightness of your notebook screen
and your carbon footprint will be more green (50% dimmer
saves 14.6kg of carbon per
year).
可持續發展教育的遊戲令學生不亦樂乎。Students playinga sustainable development game in the field.
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綠色園地 GREEN CORNER
連鎖響應 CHAIN OF CHANGE華南濕地教育計劃
華南濕地教育計劃是可持續發展教育(ESD)項
目的一部分，希望提高市民對華南地區的濕
地資源保護和合理利用的公眾意識。計劃自
2005年開始推行，包括教師培訓、推出教
材、舉辦校內講座、考察活動，並小額贊助
福建省漳江口國家級自然保護區及廣東省海
豐自然保護區的學校為本活動，協助建設教
育設施。
漳江口國家級自然保護區擁有福建省最大的
紅樹林。世界自然基金會與當地社區緊密合
作，減少人類活動對濕地的騷擾，以可持續
方式善用濕地資源，透過華南項目提高大眾
對濕地保育的關注，改善當地居民的生活質
數，為他們提供轉型機會和社會福利。
自參與了華南項目後，當中一位老師說︰
「我學到項目當中的可持續發展教育概念。
世界自然基金會提供的訓練，令我在設計環
保教學活動時更得心應手。」大部分學生表
示，他們需要保育濕地，參加了校內的環保
教育活動後，他們會協助宣傳保育信息。學
生更認為需要進行更多環保工作。
South China Wetland Education ProgrammeThe South China Wetlands Programme is an Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) initiative with the objective of raisingawareness about the wise use of wetland resources and conservation in the South
China region. Running since 2005, the South China Wetlands Programme includes teacher training, developing education materials, organizing school seminars and field trips, providing small grants for school-based activities, and assisting in building education facilities in the Zhangjiang Estuary Nature Reserve in Fujian and in the Haifeng Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province.
The Zhangjiang Estuary Nature Reserve supports the largest mangrove forest in Fujian. WWF’s work aims to reduce human disturbance by working closely with local communities. Demonstrating wise use of the wetlands, WWF is also raising public awareness through the South China Wetlands Programmes, and raising the living standard of local communities by providing alternative livelihoods and improving social welfare.
After joining the South China Wetlands Programmes, one teacher said, “I learned much about the ideas and concept of ESD. The training provided by WWF helped me to plan and design an environmental activity for my students.” Most students agreed that they need to conserve the wetland. They also committed to help to reduce pollution and spread the conservation message after participating in the school environmental education activities. Students also expressed their desire to conduct more environmental protection work.
編者來鴻
親愛的讀者：
說起三角型，你會聯想到甚麼呢？樂器？朱
古力？幾何？你知道嗎？有一個特別的三角
形，那裡有佔全球75%的珊瑚品種及眾多海
洋物種，與此同時，這個三角形還為數以億
計的人提供生計。究竟這個神秘的三角形是
甚麼？它在哪裡？翻到第3頁便可知分曉。
一年一度的中秋節剛過，家裡是否積存了許
多月餅盒呢？切勿扔掉月餅盒，你可把它改
裝為有用的東西。請參考第10頁，自製信箱
吧。
編者啟
Editor’s NoteDear readers,
When we talk about a triangle, what do you think of? Musical instrument? Chocolate? Geometry? There is a special triangle in this world where 75% of the world’s coral species and a tremendous amount of marine creatures live. This triangle also supports economies and the livelihoods of more than 100 million people. What is this mysterious triangle? Where is it located? Read p.3 and your will know more.
As the mid-autumn festival is over, don’t just throw away the mooncake box. You can turn it to another useful item. Follow the rules on p.10 and make your own message box.
Best wishes,
Editor
出版機構Publisher 世界自然基金會香港分會
WWF-Hong Kong
網址Website wwf.org.hk
封面相片Cover Photo Jürgen Freund / WWF-Canon
設計Design 梁珮儀 Pearl Leung
印刷Printing 精雅印刷公司
Elegance Printing Co. Ltd.
編輯Editor/翻譯Translator 潘嘉瑩 Melanie Poon
編輯顧問Editorial Adviser 狄樂兒 Sally Dellow
編輯委員會Editorial Board 張略思 Janice Cheung 方溢昌 Eric Fong 林嘉琪 Angela Lam 李華匡 Byron Li 彭莉恩 Lydia Pang 何穎琪 Wing Ki Ho 李思薇 Suay Lee 王偉東 Alex Wong 葉思敏 Cecily Yip 馮麗怡 Tammy Fung 李菀欣 Winnie Lee 黃富安 Chris Wong 張芷茵 Natelie Cheung
2
簡易環保小貼士Smiley Tips
潛水員正檢視因捕魚活動而遭受炸藥及山埃威脅的珊瑚。位處菲律賓南甘馬粦省。Snorkeler looking at coral trying to survive in an area challenged by dynamite and cyanide fishing activities, Camarines Sur, Bicol, Philippines.
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救救珊瑚大三角Saving the Coral Triangle珊瑚大三角面積約600萬平方公里，橫越印尼、馬
來西亞、菲律賓、巴布新幾內亞、東帝文及所羅門
群島 (見第五頁)。這一帶的珊瑚分佈像個三角形，
因而得名。珊瑚大三角蘊含全球珊瑚的75%，亦有
大量海洋生物棲息，並孕育著逾1億人口的經濟和
生活。
The Coral Triangle is a 6 million km2 area spanning Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Timor- Leste and the Solomon Islands (see map on page 5). The coral reef in these areas forms a more or less triangular area which is home to 75% of the world’s coral species and a tremendous amount of other marine life. This region also fuels economies and supports the livelihoods of more than 100 million people.
3
大三角動物逐隻睇珊瑚大三角是海洋生物多樣性的集中
地，這裡棲息的珊瑚和珊瑚魚比全球
任何地方還要多。全球7種海龜中，
這裡可找到6種。藍鯨(全世界最大的
動物)、抹香鯨、海豚、江豚及瀕危
的海牛亦是珊瑚大三角的常客。
人類活動的搔擾在這裡的居民，大多沿岸而居，以捕
魚和拓展旅遊業為生。然而，他們的
生活正受到威脅。
東南亞的人口持續上升，貧窮問題嚴
重，在漁業受壓的情況下，珊瑚礁遭
過度開採，漁民以炸藥及毒藥捕魚，
即使沒有直接破壞珊瑚，但卻間接令
珊瑚死亡，同樣危險。
由於伐林在區內猖獗，沙泥被沖到海
中，令珊瑚窒息死亡。此外，興建道
路、機場、水道、港口及樓宇、渡假
村等，同樣破壞生態環境。
而最糟的情況更可能發生。因為氣候
變化，海水溫度上升，令珊瑚白化，
帶來更嚴重的破壞。
救救珊瑚大三角
1. 智選海鮮拒絕選擇由破壞性的捕魚方法捕
捉的海鮮。世界自然基金會的
《海鮮選擇指引》助你選擇可持
續海鮮。(請參考「你知道嗎？」)
2. 減少用電關掉非使用的電燈及避免讓電器
待在備用狀態。對抗氣候變化能
拯救珊瑚。
3. 絕不購買珊瑚手飾珊瑚生長緩慢，卻經常被捕捉來
製成手飾及紀念品。完整無缺的
珊瑚經常被活生生的捕獵。不要
以為這些漂亮的珊瑚骨是由死去
的珊瑚提取的。
4. 進行水上活動時，請留心！浮潛或潛水時，切勿踐踏珊瑚。
5.捐款予保育組織，如世界 自然基金會
你的捐款將用作支持珊瑚專家保
育珊瑚的工作。
4
WWF《海鮮選擇指引》入面的紅色避免類別—蘇眉也可在珊瑚大三角找到其蹤跡。Humphead wrasse, the red Avoid category of WWF’s Seafood Guide, can also be found in the Coral Triangle.
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海牛正在覓食。菲律賓巴拉望島。Dugong grazing. Palawan, Philippines
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印度洋海水水溫上升令珊瑚白化。Coral bleaching due to temperature rise. Indo-Pacific Ocean.
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澳洲AUSTRALIA
印尼INDONESIA
東帝汶TIMORLESTA
巴布新幾內亞PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
所羅門群島SOLOMON ISLANDS
萬那杜VANUATU
新喀里多尼亞NEW CALEDONIA
太平洋PACIFICOCEAN
菲律賓PHILIPPINES
日本JAPAN中國CHINA香港HONG KONG
印度洋INDIAN OCEAN
馬來西亞MALAYSIA
珊瑚大三角 Coral Triangle健康的珊瑚本應充滿色彩。Healthy corals are gloriously colourful.
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Animals in the triangleThe Coral Triangle is the global centre of marine biodiversity, with more coral reef and reef fish species than anywhere else on Earth. Six of the world's seven marine turtle species can be found here. Blue whale (the largest animal on Earth), Sperm whale, dolphins, porpoises and the endangered dugong are frequent visitors in this area.
People and problems in the TriangleThe majority of people live along the shores of the Coral Triangle. Most local residents remain deeply connected to the sea, as fishing and tourism are primary sources of income. Yet these livelihoods are at risk.
With a growing population and persistent poverty across Southeast Asia, corals reefs are being over-exploited through increased fishing pressure and highly damaging techniques such as blast and poison fishing. Less direct impacts on corals can be just as dangerous.
As deforestation continues across the region, sediment run-off flows to coastal areas where it smothers reefs. Also, construction of roads, airports, channels, ports and buildings (including tourist resorts) is also a potential ecological disaster.
And the worst may be yet to come. Through climate change, higher sea-surface temperatures have caused more severe and more frequent coral bleaching.
Save the Coral Triangle1. Choose seafood wisely
Don't consume seafood caught by destructive fishing methods. WWF has a seafood guide to help you make the right choices (see ‘Did You Know’ on the right).
2. Consume less electricityTurn off unused lights and standby mode on electrical appliances. Tackling climate change helps save the reefs.
3. Don't buy coral jewelrySlow-growing corals are often harvested for jewelry or as souvenirs. Intact corals are often harvested when they are still alive. Never believe these beautiful and intact coral bones are from naturally dead corals.
4. Be careful when you play water sports
Never step on corals when you are snorkeling or diving.
5. Donate to green groups like WWF
Your donation will be used wisely by environmental protection experts to protect the reefs.
綠海龜在馬來西亞婆羅洲龜島國家公園挖洞穴生蛋。Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) digging a nest to lay eggs. Turtle Islands National Park, Malaysia, Borneo.
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珊瑚大三角位置圖 Coral Triangle Region
你知道嗎?Did you know?
更多關於珊瑚大三角的資料︰You can find out more about coral triangle protection at:
http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coraltriangle/index.htmlhttp://www.coral.org/what_you_ca
n_do#smartconsumer
海鮮選擇指引 Seafood guide:
http://assets.wwfhk.panda.org/downloads/seafood_guide_
hk_card_fold.pdf
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Kary，18歲，來自匡智屯門晨輝學
校。她在去年冬季參加了世界自然基
金會的「海洋猜情尋」教育項目。項
目由滙豐銀行慈善基金贊助，專為本
港輕度智障的學童而設，讓他們了解
變幻莫測的海洋環境。Kary和她的同
學來到海下灣海岸公園考察海灘的生
境；及在海下海洋生物中心內玩「魔
法 水 族 箱 」 遊 戲 。 我 們 與 K a r y 詳
談。
「你最喜歡這個活動的哪個部分？」
記者問 Kary。
Kary開心地分享︰「我喜愛觀賞珊瑚
的部份﹗看到海裡很多珊瑚，我十分
喜歡魚兒。我還以零食砌出一個珊瑚
模型﹗珊瑚是種很可愛的動物哩！」
記者︰「那你可以跟我們說說對海洋
的祝願？」
Kary︰「我希望海裡可以有多些魚兒
和海洋生物。世界自然基金會的哥哥
姐姐讓我知道，由於人類活動，我們
的海洋現在生病了。不過，如果我們
選擇可持續海鮮，便可令海洋回復生
機。」
攜手與Kary一起保育海洋吧！
Kary from Hong Chi Morninghope School, Tuen Mun, is 18 years old. She joined the WWF Marine Treasure Programme last winter. The programme, sponsored by HSBC Foundation, is specially designed for mildly mentally retarded students in Hong Kong, giving them a chance to learn about the fascinating marine environment. Kary and her classmates came to Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park to investigate the beach habitat and played interactive games such as “Magic box” in Hoi Ha
games such as “Magic box” in Hoi Ha Marine Life Centre.
WWF: “What is your favourite part of this event ?”
Kary: “I love the coral-watch tour! I saw a lot of corals in the sea. I love the little fishes. I have made one coral model from some tasty snacks too! Coral is a kind of lovely animal!”
WWF: “Do you have any wishes for the ocean?”
Kary: “I wish there could be more fishes and marine life in the sea… Our ocean is sick now, WWF teachers told us that is because of human activities, but if we behave well, like making better choices on seafood, we could help the ocean to recover. Will you help too?”
Let’s join hands with Kary to conserve the ocean together!
熊貓訪問室 WHO’S WHO
6
Kary很愛魚兒，她會支持海洋保育。Kary loves fish a lot. She supports marine conservation.
Kary 在猜「魔術水族箱」裡藏了什麼海洋生物。Kary is making a guess on what marine animal is hiding inside the "Magic Box".
Kary 怎樣以零食創造珊瑚模型呢?How to create a coral model by snacks?
保育工作 助言起行 CONSERVACTION
全球FSC是甚麼？林業管理委員會是一個獨立非政府
及非牟利組織，推廣全球林業以可
持續方式管理，確保森林資源以可
持續方式管理。
林業管理委員會怎樣運作？FSC會向認證的產品頒發標籤，標
籤為消耗森林產品提供負責任的生
產，幫助消費者作出明智的選擇，
有利人類和環境及商業發展。
FSC對林業的要求FSC定下數個規格，以下是部分例
子 ：
• 禁止改變森林和其他自然生境的環
境發用途 (如禁止把森林變為耕地)
• 尊重國際工人權利
• 禁止使用有毒化學物
大勢所趨 – FSC認證現時，很多大公司已經為旗下產品
申請了FSC認證，例如宜家傢俬、
滙豐銀行的年報等。相信在不久將
來會有愈來愈多公司參與。我們這
本《熊貓會報》都是由FSC紙張印
製哩！
我可以怎樣？下一次，當你購買紙巾、紙張或其
他木製品時，請留意有多少產品是
由FSC認證的。如果你不知道產品
是否經FSC認證，請向店員查詢。
What is FSC Global? The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an independent, non-governmental, not-for-profit organisation established to promote responsible management of the world’s forests. Its mission is to ensure sustainable development of the world’s forest resources.
How does it work?FSC allows certified products to carry the FSC label to help people choose to buy wood products that benefit humans, the environment, and business. The FSC label provides a credible link between responsible production and consumption of forest products.
FSC Requirements The FSC imposes a number of requirements on foresters. These are some examples:• Prohibit conversion of forests or any other natural habitat (eg, prohibit changing forest into farmland)
• Respect for international workers’ rights
• Prohibit use of hazardous chemicals
FSC fashion Nowadays, many big companies have already applied for the FSC certification for their products, such as the wood furniture from IKEA and the paper used in the annual reports from HSBC. This fashion is spreading, so more and more companies will join in this forest-friendly move. Our Panda Club Post is also printed on FSC paper!
What can you do?When you go shopping for tissues, paper, furniture or other wood products, watch out for the FSC certification. If you don’t know whether your proposed purchase is certified or not, ask the shop keeper: “Is this product FSC certified?” If they don’t know, don’t buy!
愛惜森林資源Forest Friendship ©
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FSC對林業管理作出嚴格規管。FSC imposes strict requirements on foresters.
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甲蟲你知多少?Beetles:Get to know them better
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自然之窗 WINDOW ON NATURE
8
龐大的軍隊這昆蟲看似古老的將士穿起盔甲，牠
就是甲蟲了！甲蟲屬於昆蟲類的鞘翅
目。看！甲蟲有雙硬硬的前翅，就像
盾一樣，稱為「鞘翅」，現在牠們不
會用鞘翅來飛行，只會用來自衛，大
部份甲蟲也有鞘翅的。
直至目前，已發現約35萬種甲蟲，佔
所有已被命名昆蟲的約40%。現在，
就由甲蟲家族的大明星讓大家開開眼
界吧。
蚜蟲殺星其鞘翅為紅色，上面有7個黑點，因
而得名。由於七星瓢蟲吃蚜蟲為主，
美國的廸士尼樂園以七星瓢蟲來控制
害蟲。
最大的甲蟲 你知道甲蟲可以生長至多大嗎？長戟
大兜蟲是世上最大的甲蟲。長戟大兜
蟲就如漢堡包差不多大，部分雄性身
長連角更可長達180毫米。
救救甲蟲 城市發展改善了人類的生活，不過與
此同時，此舉為很多甲蟲造成生存威
脅。
街燈方便了我們的生活，但對甲蟲來
說是一個滋擾。螢火蟲在街燈的強光
下找不到牠們的同伴。
農藥是另一甲蟲的殺手，甲蟲會被殺
蟲亢劑意外殺死。
由於人類的干擾，甲蟲的數目大幅下
降。為了保護甲蟲，購買有機蔬菜，
因為有機蔬菜不使用含化學物質的肥
料。你可嘗試聯絡區議會，建議關掉
部分街燈或調暗燈光 (北潭涌郊野公
園是一成功例子)。假如你在晚間尋
找甲蟲，記緊使用紅色光的電筒，因
為白光會搔擾到甲蟲。
灰眼斑瓢蟲色彩斑斕。Eyed ladybird (Anatis ocellata), has an attractive colour.
西班牙士多啤梨場正在噴灑殺蟲藥。Spraying strawberry field with pesticides in Spain.
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A giant army The insect (as shown bottom) looks like an ancient soldier completely clad in armour. It is a beetle. The beetle family is called Coleoptera. Notice the hardened shield-like forewing, called elytra. These elytra are not used for flight anymore, but for defense only. Most beetles are equipped with these elytra.
Up to now, about 350,000 species of beetle have been discovered: about 40% of all described insect species. Now, let us introduce some famous stars in the beetle family.
Aphids KillerIts elytra are red in color, with seven black spots on them; hence the name. Since these beetles eat aphids, Disneyland in America uses them as a pest control measure.
Biggest beetleDo you know how big beetles can grow? The Hercules beetle is the largest beetle in the world. If you have a burger on your hand, the Hercules beetle is more or less that size. Some males can even reach 180mm in length including their horns.
Beetle SOS Urban development improves human living standards, but at the same time, it creates a lot of threats to beetles.
Street lights may be helpful for us, but to beetles they are a disturbance. For example, around bright street lights, some fireflies may be unable to locate their mates.
Pesticides used in farming are another threat to beetles, which may be killed accidentally.
Because of human disturbance, the number of beetles in the wild has decreased dramatically. To support beetles, choose to buy organic vegetables as no chemical pesticides will be used in growing them. Contact your district council to see if some streetlights can be turned down or off (a campaign in Pak Tam Chung country park was successful). And if you go beetle spotting at night, remember to use a red bulb in your torch, instead of bright white light so you cause less disturbance.
樹上有很多蚜蟲﹗Aphids, a kind of beetle, on a tree trunk.
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葉甲，甲蟲科。Leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae), one of the Beetle family members.
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apco
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最大的甲蟲，尤如手掌般大﹗Hercules: the biggest beetle, as big as your hand.
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ong
自己動手做 ZOO IT YOURSELF
中秋月餅盒大變身Mooncake box to a message box根據環保組織去年的調查顯示，香港家
庭在中秋期間丟棄285萬個月餅及超過
500萬個月餅盒。要減少廢物，活得環
保，何不把月餅鐵盒變成迷你留言盒？
According to a survey last year, families in Hong Kong discard as many as 2.85 million mooncakes and more than 5 million mooncake boxes during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Re-use your metal mooncake box as a mini message board and shelf for your desk. It’s a great green reminder!
步驟 Procedure:
1. 把發泡膠板、水松板或厚卡板剪
成和月餅盒盒底的大小。 Cut the foamboard, cork or cardboard to the size of the base inside the box.
2. 把發泡膠板、水松板或厚卡板貼
在月餅盒內。 Paste the foamboard, cork or cardboard into the box.
3. 以布裝飾月餅盒。 Decorate the outside of the box (and the inside walls if you want) with fabric.
4. 將廢紙剪成如便條紙般大小，約
8x10厘米。 Cut scrap paper into small pieces as notepaper, e.g. 8 X 10cm.
5. 把月餅盒固定，將便條紙以圖釘
釘在發泡膠上。 Fix the box in the right place, and pin the notepaper on the foam board with the thumbtack.
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材料及工具 Materials and tools
月餅盒 Mooncake Box
布 Fabric
膠紙 Tape
強力膠水 Strong glue
剪刀 Scissors
廢紙 Scrap paper
廢發泡膠板、舊水松板或厚卡板Waste foamboard, old cork mat or thick cardboard
圖釘 Thumbtacks
自然日誌 NATURE DIARY
喔！我不知道哩。那麼…我不買這手鐲了。Oh. I didn’t know that. I’m going to choose NOT to buy this bracelet…
譚譚，看！這手鐲多漂亮！我一定要買。Tam Tam, Look at this lovely bracelet. I must buy one.
小心選擇飾物材料 Wisely Choose Accessories Material環保小貼士 GREEN TIPS譚譚與路路 TAM TAM & LO LO
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amm
y Fu
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島上隨處也可看到沉積岩。Layers of sedimentary rock which can easily be seen on the island.
東坪洲秋季是最適合行山的季節﹗上星期，我
前往東坪洲，原來這裡是地質公園，是
位於香港最東的島嶼。
東坪洲由沉積岩形成，包括沙泥岩及泥
岩。看到島上的風景真叫我感到興奮，
如不同的海蝕地貌和看似一層層海綿蛋
糕的頁岩！
當我跑到更高的地方，我看到兩條參天
巨柱，就像燈塔般聳立在海邊。原來這
是「更樓」，由海蝕形成已經很久了。
旅程尾聲，我提醒朋友不要拿走任何岩
石、化石或礦石，因為我們要保育香港
的地質公園！
Tung Ping ChauAutumn is definitely the best season for hiking! I went to Tung Ping Chau last week. It is a Geopark and the easternmost outlying island of Hong Kong.
The island is made up of sedimentary rock including siltstone and mudstone. I felt excited to see many fascinating attractions on the island, such as wave erosion landscapes and the shale that resembles a layered sponge cake!
When I went further up, there were two extraordinary blocks standing beside the seaside like watchtowers, this natural structure is called “Kang Lau” and it was formed as a result of wave erosion over the ages.
At the end of the journey, I reminded my friends not to take away any rocks, fossils or minerals because the conservation of the geosites in Hong Kong is in our hands!
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店主說手鐲由具殼及珊瑚骨製成，獨一無二﹗The shopkeeper tells me it is seashells and coral skeletons! It’s unique!
它由甚麼東西製造？What is it made from?
做得好! 路路﹗ Well done, Lolo!
沒錯，不過珊瑚對海洋的重要性也是獨一無二的﹗死去的貝殼和珊瑚骨可充當其他海洋生物的家，這些首飾更有可能是由活貝殼和活珊瑚製造出來的。
Oh dear! Well coral is unique to the ocean too! In the sea, dead seashells and coral skeletons can be homes for other living things. And this bracelet might even have been made from live seashells and coral!
你知道嗎?Did you know?如何前往東坪洲？
遊客可乘港鐵到大學站，步行15分鐘往馬料水碼頭，搭乘渡輪往東坪
洲，渡輪逢星期六、日開出。
How to get to Tung Ping Chau:Visitors can travel by MTR East
Rail and get off at University Station, then walk for about 15 minutes to Ma Liu Shui
Pier where a ferry service to Tung Ping
Chau is available on Saturday and Sunday.
STEP is an education programme initiated by the Swire group and administered by WWF Hong Kong to teach primary school students about the impact of climate change.
STEP 是由太古發起、世界自然基金會香港分會推行的教育計劃，旨在向小學生灌輸有關氣候變化的知識。
秋季
AUTUMN 2010
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