Cba Ngn01 Bisdn Basics

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Broadband Communications - Next Generation Networks

October 2006 2

Comunicacions de Banda Ampla (Broadband Communications)

Mster en Arquitectura de Computadors, Xarxes i Sistemes

Classification of BISDN ServicesClassification of BISDN Services

Interactive

hConversational

hMessaging

hRetrieval

Distribution

hWith User Control

hWithout User Control



Interactive BISDN ServicesInteractive BISDN Services

ConversationalhEnd-to-end in both directions

h

User-to-user or user-to-machinehMachine-to-machine

hExamples: Video-telephony

Video-conferencing

Telemetry

Internetworking

Data transfer


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October 2006 3

5 Comunicacions de Banda Ampla (Broadband Communications)



Messaging

hNon real-time dialog with more elaborated

features: Authenticated users

Message processing, acknowledge receipt

Digital signature

hExamples: Electronic mail (eMail)

Multimedia eMail: documents, sound, video.

Electronic Document Transfer




RetrievalhAccess to information servers

hExamples: Video-text

Database access

MM DB access


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October 2006 4



Distribution BISDN ServicesDistribution BISDN Services

With user control

hExamples: TV on demand

Tele-text

Without user control

h

Examples: Broadcast TV channels Radio channels



BISDN Services and ApplicationsBISDN Services and Applications

Conversational Services

Type ofInformation

Se rvic e e xa mples Applic ations

Broadband video-

telephony

Tele-education

Tele-shopping

Tele-advertisingBroadband video-

conference

Tele-education

Business conference

Tele-advertising

Video-surveillance Building security

Traffic monitoring

Moving pictures

and sound

Video/audio information

transmission service

TV signal transfer

Video/audio dialogue

Contribution of

information


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October 2006 5





Type ofInformation

Service examples Applications

Sound Multiple sound-

programmed signals Multilingual commentary channels

Multiple programmed transfers

High-speed unrestricted

digital informationtransmission service

High-speed data transfer

Internetworking

Computer-computer interconnection

Transfer of multimedia information

Multi-site interactive computer aided

designHigh-volume file transferservice

Data file transfer

Data

High-speed teleaction Real-time control

Telemetry

Alarms





Type ofInformation


High-speed telefax User-to-user transfer of text,images, drawings, etc.

High-resolution image

communication service Professional images

Medical images

Remote games

Document

Document communication

service

User-to-user transfer of multimedia

documents.


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October 2006 6




Messaging Services

Type ofInformation


Moving pictures

and sound

Video mail service Electronic mailbox service for the

transfer of moving pictures and

accompanying sound

Document Document mail service Electronic mailbox service for mixed

documents.




Retrieval Services

Type ofInformation


Broadband videotext Videotext including moving pictures

Remote education and training

Tele-software

Tele-shopping Tele-advertising

News retrievalVideo retrieval service Entertainment

Remote education and trainingHigh-resolution image

retrieval service Entertainment

Remote education and training

Professional image communicationsDocument retrieval

service

Multimedia documents retrieval from

information centers.

Text, data,

graphics, sound,

still images,

moving pictures

Data retrieval service Telesoftware


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October 2006 7




Distribution services without user control

Type ofInformation


Data High-speed unrestricted digitalinformation distribution service

Distribution of unrestricteddata

Text, graphics,

still images

Document distribution service Electronic newspaper

Electronic publishingMoving pictures

and sound

Video information distribution service Distribution of video/audio

signals

Existing quality TV distribution service

(NTSC, PAL, SECAM)

TV programs distribution

Extended quality TV distribution service TV programs distribution

High-definition TV distribution service TV programs distribution

Video

Pay-per-view TV TV programs distribution




Distribution services with user control

Type ofInformation


Text, graphics,sound, still

images

Full channel broadcastvideography

Remote education and traning Tele-advertising

News retrieval

Telesoftware


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October 2006 9



Transmission Requirements forTransmission Requirements for

BISDN ServicesBISDN Services

Messaging Services

Service Phone Image Mail

Application Voice Mail Technical Design

Market H B B

Background bit rate 64kbps 64kbps

Burst size - 1Mbit

comp. 3-15 times

Performance Criteria

(Delay, Error rate, Jitter)

DJ DJ for background

DE for burst

D < 2s

Re-transmission Man/Aut - A

Switched/Leased line S S

Point-to-point/multi-point P-P P-P

Community of interest

Small/Large

L S





Retrieval Services

Service Audio Image retrieval

Application Entertainment Home Shopping

Market H H

Background bit rate 1.4Mbps CD quality 0Burst size - 8-24Mbits

comp. 3-15 times



DJ DE

D< 0.25s for browsing

Re-transmission Man/Aut - M


Point-to-point/multi-point P-P P-P


Small/Large

L L


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October 2006 10





Distribution Services without User Control

Service Component Coding CCIR

rec.601

Digital Coding of NTSC

Signal or CCIR rec.601 with

compression

Application Entertainment

Company News

Experimental results 36 hour

commercial TV

Market H B H B

Background bit rate 45-145Mbps Mean = 15Mbps (using

buffering 34Mbps 1% loss)

Burst size - 40Mbits



DEJ DJ


Point-to-point/multi-point P-M P-M


Small/Large

L L





Distribution Services with User Control

Service Cable Image Cable Text

Application Color Image Text

Market H B H B

Background bit rate 150Mbps 2MbpsBurst size 1Mbit after compression 250chars ~ 2kbits

# of frames in cycle 300 2000



D ~1s D ~1s


Point-to-point/multi-point P-M P-M


Small/Large

S S


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October 2006 11



Bandwidth RequirementsBandwidth Requirements

Telephony, fax, text 64 Kbps

Color fax 2 Mbps

File Transfer 2 Mbps

LAN interconnection 100 Mbps

MAN interconnection 100 Mbps

NTSC video 45 - 120 Mbps HDTV 150 - 800 Mbps



CBR: Constant Bit-Rate VBR: Variable Bit-

Rate


Voice:hCBR: 64 Kbps. VBR: 12 - 24 Kbps.

hMean duration: 2 minutes.

Video:hCBR: 140 Mbps. VBR: 1 - 5 Mbps.

hMean duration: 60 minutes.


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October 2006 12




Data:h 0.1 -1 Mbps.

hArbitrary duration.

hON - OFF behavior. (VBR)

Still Image:h 1 - 50 Mbps.

hTypical duration: 1 second.



Delay RequirementsDelay Requirements

Non Real-Time (Data)

h data, text, still images, graphics

Real-Time

h continuous streams (audio, video)


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October 2006 13



Delay RequirementsDelay Requirements

Non-interactive servicesh data, text, still images, graphics


Interactive servicesh data, text, still images, graphics




Types of TrafficTypes of Traffic

LANto

LANSource

Utiliz

ation

Source Bit-Rate (bits/s)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1.0

1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

Low Speed Data

Image FileTransfer

VoiceAudio

Video


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October 2006 14



Bearer Service for BISDNBearer Service for BISDN

User Interface Requirements:

Broad range of bit-rates PSw

Variable bit-rate during the communication PSw

Broad range of traffic activity (burstiness) PSw

Low end-to-end delay CSw

Real-time support CSw



Switching SchemesSwitching Schemes

Switching

Eletro-mechanich Electric Optic

Cross-barStep bystep

Analogic Digital SDS TDSWDS/FDS

Circuits Packets

SDS TDS

ASD SSD STD ATD FPS X.25

FrameRelay

ATM MAN

SDS: Spatial Digital Switching

TDS: Temporal Digital SwitchingASD: Asynchronous Spatial Switching

SSD: Synchronous Spatial SwitchingSTD: Synchronous Temporal SwitchingATD: Asynchronous Temporal SwitchingFPS: Fast Packet Switching


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October 2006 16



Multiplexing and SwitchingMultiplexing and Switchingin Communication Transfer Modesin Communication Transfer Modes

Transfer Mode Multiplexing Schemes Switching Principle

Circuit

Switching

Physical Resource

Assignment

STM

Fast Circuit

Switching

Unlabeled

Multiplexing

Burst

Switching

Framed Solution Dynamic

Slot Assignment

Logical Resource

Assignment Synchronous

Operation

Asynchronous

Time Division

Unframed

Solution

Fast Packet

Switching

FrameSwitching

Packet Switching

Virtual Call

Logical Resource

Assignment

Asynchronous OperationATM

Packet Switching

Datagram

Unslotted

Capacity

Connectionless

ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode STM: Synchronous Transfer Mode



CS FCS BS PSFSFPSATD

Circuit

Switching

Fast

Circuit

Switching

Burst

Switching

Fast

Circuit

Switching

Asynchronous

Time

Division

Frame

Switching

Packet

Switching

ConstantDelay

Dynamic Allocationof Bandwidth

Transfer ModesTransfer Modes

Delay/Bandwidth-Allocation Performance


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October 2006 17



TE1

TE2 TA NT2

NT2

NT12

NT1

NT1

R

S T

Functional group

Reference point

TE: Terminal equipment

TA: Terminal adaptorNT: Network terminator

ISDN Reference PointsISDN Reference Points



B-TE1

TE2 or

B-TE2B-TA

B-NT2 B-NT1

R

TB

Functional group

Reference point

TE: Terminal equipment

B-TE: Terminal equipment for BISDN

B-TA: Terminal adaptor for BISDN

B-NT: Network terminator for BISDN

SB

BISDN Reference ConfigurationBISDN Reference Configuration


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October 2006 18



Communication ServicesCommunication Services

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

10-1

10-3

10-2

Connectionless

Data

Super

Computer

Low

Speed

LAN

Audio

Low

Speed

DataBurstiness

103

100

104 105 106 107 108 109 1010

Voice

Terminal

to Host

Uncompressed

Video

Compressed

High

Speed

LAN Image

HDTV

Peak Service Bit-Rate

Modem Traffic

Packet

Switching

Circuit

Switching

AverageInformationRate

(-------------------------------------)

ChannelCapacity



Packetized Transport Network

Adaptation Interface

Services Network

Bearer ServiceBearer Service


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October 2006 19




Quality of ServiceQuality of Service

QoS definition

hUser wishes and expectations for systemperformance.

Parameters: bandwidth, loss of data, end-to-

end delay, delay jitter.

Examples:

hVoicehHigh-Speed Data-Transfer

hVideo



Bearer ServiceBearer ServiceQoSQoS::Voice (1/2)Voice (1/2)

Features Synchronous transfer, interactive service

Bandwidth PCM 64 Kbps (32 Kbps)

Roundtrip end-to-end delay D > 800 ms not acceptable

D < 200 ms commercially acceptable

Delay jitter DV < 50 ms

Data loss

ATM cell size Packetisation time: (64Kbps) (32Kbps)

32 bytes 32/8000 = 4 ms 8 ms

48 bytes 48/8000 = 6 ms 12 ms

64 bytes 64/8000 = 8 ms 16 ms

Effects on data loss

Information lost Effect

4 ms Click

16-32 ms Short cuts

64 ms Phoneme lost


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October 2006 20




QoSQoS

::

Voice (2/2)Voice (2/2)

ATM cells: 48 bytes

Standard quality for telephony:

h delay < 200 ms ( < 34 ATM cells)

h delay jitter < 48 ms (8 ATM cells)

h losses: CLR < 10-3

loss probability less than 19 ms = 10-3



Bearer ServiceBearer ServiceQoSQoS::

HighHigh--Speed DataSpeed Data--TransferTransfer

Roundtrip end-to-end delay Not critic

Delay jitter Not critic

Data loss

Undetected error probability: 1.5 x 10 -5 x 10 -6 = 1.5 x 10 -11

CLR = 10-10

HDLC with CRC16

Residual probability forundetected errors:

1/2 16 = 1.5 x 10 -5

STM typical BER = 10 -6

cell loss rate = 10 -6


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October 2006 21




QoSQoS

::

Video (1/2)Video (1/2)

Features CBR 140 Mbps

Roundtrip end-to-enddelay (same as voice)

D > 800 ms not acceptable

D < 200 ms acceptable

Delay jitter Depends on the acceptable buffer size on reception;a buffer for 10 ms is:

2(140E6[bps] 10E-3[s]) = 2(1.4E6 [bits]) 2.8 [Mbits]

plus a safety factor of 30%buffer of 4 Mbits

Data loss

Synchronization Resynchronization delay: 10 ms 2 s

1 synch. error / 10 hours

11

101.31

1

10

cell

bits

hs

106.7:ratelossCell

cells1031.1384

h103600Mbps140

10

=

=

1 synch. error / 100 hours Cell loss rate :12106.7



Bearer ServiceBearer ServiceQoSQoS::VideoVideo(2/2)(2/2)

Data loss

Image regeneration

(depends on codingalgorithm)

for 140 Mbps CCIR 601 standard

Y = 720pixel/line625lines/frame25fps = 11.25E6 pixel/s

C = 2

360pixel/line

625lines/frame

25fps = 11.25E6 pixel/sY+C = 22.5E6 pixel/s0.16 pixel/bit 61 pixel/cell


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Bearer ServiceBearer ServiceQoSQoS::

SummarySummary

Services Delayms

Delay jitter

msCell loss

1 Voice/telephony 150 - 400

pref. 100

50 10E-3

2 Video transmission (CBO)

(140 Mbps)

Studio-studio transmission

See voice 10 10E-11

10E-12

3 Video transmission (VBR)

(140 Mbps max.)

See voice 10 10E-9

4 Sound (e.g. compact disk) 1000 100 10E-7

5 High speed data (140 Mbps) 1000 10 10E-6

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Cba Ngn01 Bisdn Basics