PHC CHT

Cu to phc cht Cu ni: vit trong du mc vung Cation: [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 Anion: K2[Zn(OH)4] Trung ha: [Pt(NH3)2Cl2], [Ni(CO)4] Cu ngoi: nhng ion nm ngoi v ngc du vi cu ni.

Phi t Mt cng: F-, Cl-, OH-, CN-H2O, NH3 Nhiu cng: en, C2O42-, EDTA S phi tr: l s phi t bao quanh cht to phc. Ph bin nht l 4,6.

S phi t: 1 cng: di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, Nhiu cng: bis, tris, tetrakis, pentakis, hexakis

Tn phi t: Anion: tn ca anion + o F-: floro, CO32-: carbonato, CN-: ciano Trung ha: H2O: aquo (aqua), NH3: ammin, CO: carbonyl, NO: nitrozyl

Tn mt s phi tNO2-: SO32-: SCN-: NH2CH2CH2NH2 : CH3NH2: C5H5N: C6H6: ONO-: S2O32-: NCS-:

Nguyn t trung tm Nu M nm trong cation, tn M km theo ch s La M trong du ngoc n. Nu M nm trong anion, tn M thm ui at, km theo s La M, nu phc l acid th thay at bng ic. VD: [Co(NH3)6]Cl3: hexaammincobalt (III) clorur

Gi tn Tn ion dng t trc tn ion m Tn ca ligand t trc tn ca ion kim loi trung tm. Ligand mang in tch m > ligand trung ha in > ligand mang in tch dng S oxh ca KL trung tm trong ngoc n Tn ca phc ion m tn cng bng at

V d [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3: [Co(H2O)5Cl]Cl2: Na2[Zn(OH)4]: [Cu(NH2CH2CH2NH2)2]SO4 [Co(NH3)4][PtCl4] [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]: [Pt(NH3)4][PtCl6]: H[AuCl4]

ng phn phc cht ng phn hnh hc: cis-, transPhc vung phng:

Cl Cl

Pt

NH3 NH3

H3N Cl

Cl Pt NH3

cis-diclorodiamminplatin(II) (mu vng da cam).

trans-diclorodiamminplatin(II) (mu vng nhat)

Phc bt din: Dng MA4B2 Cis: 2 ligand B v tr 1,2 Trans: 2 ligand B nm v tr 1,6 Dng MA3B3: Cis: 3 ligand B nm v tr 1,2,3. Trans: 3 ligand B nm v tr 1,2,6.

VD: Hy v ng phn cis-trans cho cc phc cht c cng thc sau: a. [CoCl2(NH3)4]+ b. [CoCl3(NH3)3]

ng phn phi tr: sinh ra do s phi tr khc nhau ca loi phi t quanh 2 nguyn t trung tm [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] v [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6] [Cu(NH3)4][PtCl4] v [Pt(NH3)4][CuCl4] [Pt(NH3)4][PtCl6] v [Pt(NH3)4Cl2][PtCl4]

ng phn ion ha: do s sp xp cc anion trong cu ni v cu ngoi. [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 v [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br ng phn lin kt: [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2 v [Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl2 [Mn(CO)5SCN) v [Mn(CO)5NCS]

S phn ly trong dung dch[Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 = [Ni(NH3)6]2+ + 2Cl[Ni(NH3)6]2+ = Ni2+ + 6 NH3 Hng s cn bng ca qu trnh phn ly:

Kcb =

[Ni2+].[NH3]6 [[Ni(NH3)6]2+]

Hng s bn = 1/Kcb

Thuyt lin kt ha tr (VB) Phc cht c to thnh bng cc lin kt cho nhn gia e t do ca phi t v obitan trng ca NTTT. Co3+ + 6 :NH3 = [Co(NH3)6]3+ Acid Lewis Bazo Lewis mui Lewis

V d: [Cu(NH3)2]+ [CoCl4]2[PtCl4]2[Co(NH3)6]3+ [CoF6]3-

u im: m t n gin c th cc lin kt trong phc, gii thch c t tnh ca phc cht. Nhc im: khng gii thch c mu sc ca phc cht.

Thuyt trng tinh th S to phc l tng tc tnh in gia cht to phc v phi t. Phi t l nhng in tch im hay lng cc. Sp xp phi t sao cho nng lng y gia chng l nh nht. i vi NTTT c spt 6: bt din i vi NTTT c spt 4: t din.

Thng s tch nng lng L hiu nng lng ca d cao v d thp. Yu t nh hng ln Cu hnh phc: vung phng> bt din>t din in tch ion trung tm: =Kz2r2

Kch thc ion trung tm: Phi t. I-