Building Resilient Cities through

Sound Material Cycle Society

- Experience from Japan-

Shigemoto Kajihara

Vice Minister for Global Environmental Affairs

Ministry of the Environment, Japan

G7 Toyama Environmental Ministers’ Meeting

・Held in Toyama, Japan on May 15th - 16th 2016・G7 Members: Italy, Canada, France, US, UK, Germany, EU, and Japan・joined by GEF, ICLEI, OECD, UNEP, UN Global Compact, 100 RESILIENT CITIES, and representatives from cities.

・Shared the political will to take the initiative in addressing global challenges locally and globally such as climate change and environmental pollution・Discussed

- 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development- Resource Efficiency and the 3Rs- Biodiversity- Climate Change and Related Measures- Chemicals Management- The Role of Cities- Marine Litter 2

“Our common goal is to realize a society which uses resourcesincluding stock resources efficiently and sustainably across thewhole life cycle, by reducing the consumption of natural resourcesand promoting recycled materials and renewable resources so as toremain within the boundaries of the planet, respecting relevantconcepts and approaches.”

Toyama Framework on Material Cycles

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Goal 1: Leading Domestic Policies for Resource Efficiency and the 3Rs1-1 Integration of Policies and Policy Mix1-2 Efficient and Maximized Utilization of Resources1-3 Initiatives in Cooperation with Diverse Local Actors (Industrial and Community

Symbiosis)1-3 Initiatives in Cooperation with Diverse Local Actors (Industrial and Community

Symbiosis)1-4 Actions to Final Demands/ConsumersConcrete Example: Ambitious Initiatives for Organic Waste Including Food Loss and Waste

Goal 2: Promote Global Resource Efficiency and the 3Rs2-1 Cooperation with Other Countries2-2 Cooperation across the Global Supply ChainConcrete Example: Management of E-Waste

Goal 3: Steady and Transparent Follow-Up Process3-1 G7’s Domestic Efforts3-2 Global Efforts

Implementation of Toyama Framework helps us to realize a resilient society

Toyama Framework on Material Cycles

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1-2 Efficient and Maximized Utilization of ResourcesFacilitate environmentally-sound disaster waste management to respond to the frequent occurrence and aggravation of natural disasters, by appropriate treatment and recycling of large amounts of disaster waste, and by developing waste treatment facilities resilient to disasters, and facilitating the utilization of the facilities as energy supply hubs.

2-1 Cooperation with Other CountriesAssist, in disaster waste management countries, or regions that experience significant natural disasters, such as the global hot spot regions in Asia and the Pacific, where frequent earthquakes and other disasters whose impacts are exacerbated due to urbanization and climate change.

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Japan’s case

DisasterWaste

- Extreme events cause huge amount of mixed wastes

- Need to protect sanitation and citizen’s living by smooth disposal and recycling

- Aggravation of natural disasters and urbanization increase the impacts

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Support of Disaster Waste Management (D-waste)

Japan's efforts and the experience, especially recycling (80%~), after the Great East Japan Earthquake can provide lessons.

Japan will assist the global hot spot regions in Asia and the Pacific in cooperation with UNEP and JICA etc. in D-waste management.

Preparation for disaster such as estimation on the volume, cooperation agreement and guidelines

Technical assistance for Nepal, based on Japan’s experience

G7 committed to assisting countries that experience significant natural disasters (Toyama Framework on Materials Cycles)

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1-1 Integration of Policies and Policy MixIntegrate and promote measures on resource efficiency and the 3Rs, climate change and extreme weather events, hazardous substances, disaster waste, natural environmental conservation, marine litter, access to raw materials and industrial competitiveness and other challenges in a holistic manner

1-2 Efficient and Maximized Utilization of ResourcesPromote Reduce and Reuse, in addition to Recycle, from the perspectives of resource efficiency and reduction of GHG emissions.

Develop and introduce technologies for energy efficient recovery that facilitate more effective utilization of waste in line with the waste management hierarchy

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- Social transition toward a low-carbon society is necessary

- Any parts of our society needs to be de-carbonized

> Reduction of methane from landfilling

> Waste to Energy

> Low-carbon recycling

Japan’s case

Climate Change

9

GH

G r

edu

ctio

n M

t C

O2

FY 2013FY 2003 FY 2008

WtE in MSW

Energy recovery from waste oil

Energy recovery from waste wood

Energy recovery from waste tire

Energy recovery from waste plastic

RPF (Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel)

WtE in industrial waste

* Diversion of wastes from landfilling can be also included.

GHG Reduction by 3R

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*90% of waste incineration facilities in Japan are the incineration type and 8% are the gasification type. (2013)

Waste to Energy in Japan

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1-2 Efficient and Maximized Utilization of ResourcesSeek minimization and environmentally-safe final disposal of waste by using the most appropriate approach which fits the local situation and type of targeted waste among variousmeasures such as recycling or utilization as animal feed, composting, and energy recovery, in line with the waste management hierarchy.

Concrete Example: Ambitious Initiatives for Organic Waste Including Food Loss and Waste

Promote reduction in organic waste, in particular, food loss and waste, effective recycling of food waste, effective utilization as an energy source, and utilization of waste biomass taking into account impacts on other functions for ecosystems.

Toyama Framework on Material Cycles 12

- Unprecedented growth in demand for raw materials due to global economic expansion, especially in Asia

- Resource sufficiency and resource efficiency is key

- Urban mine has huge opportunity

- Local material circulation system

Japan’s case

MaterialsCirculation

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Satoyama-Satoumi (local mountain

and sea) recycling network

Satoyama-Satoumi (local

agricultural village), forestry, agriculture, husbandry and

tourism

* Biomass cycle and resources

local cycleRecycling-oriented

industry base

Small town

Mid-sized

town

Big city

* Promote the resource recycling

with a proper scale in cooperation with the recycling

industry and the arterial industry

base.

Recycling-oriented

industry base

Recycling-oriented

industry base

* Utilize various recycled resources

through venous industry base including Eco-town

Fishing village,

fishery, aquatic products industry

Satoumi (local sea)

Recycling-oriented

industry base

Recycling network

in urban and suburban area Satoyama-Satoumi (local

mountain and sea) recycling network

Recycling network for arterial

industry area

Arterial industry base

Wide area recycling network for recycling-

oriented industry

Recycled

resources flow

Flow of recyclable

products and recycled energy

* Utilize various recycled

resources through the arterial industry base

Sophistication of local recycling networks

Urban mine14

1-3 Initiatives in Cooperation with Diverse Local Actors (Industrial and Community Symbiosis)

Facilitate the development of new businesses, job creation, and local revitalization by accommodating and utilizing local resources, goods, and energy based on collaboration among diverse local actors (industrial and community symbiosis) in a region.

Promote resource circulation at the local level by focusing on local culture and other characteristics, links between residents, and the roles of small and medium-size enterprises.

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- Decreasing and aged population

- Localized and tailor-made waste management systems

- Local revitalization

Japan’s case

DemographicChange

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Agricultural, forestry, fishery business

Recycle Business Plan by a Private Company- Odakyu Group Recycle Business Plan-

Collection and Transport companies

特定肥飼料等の製造１，０３８ｔ／年

Recycle Business

Food-Related Businesses

Japan Food Ecology Center

Pork meat business (65 t/year)

Livestock feed/fertilizers 1,000 t/year

Asagiri Yogur-ton Marketing Association, etc.

Pork production1,300 t/ year

Odakyu department stores

Recyclable food resources from 28 stores (700 t/ year)

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2-1 Cooperation with Other CountriesShare with other countries our best practices/Best Available Technologies (BAT), and useful lessons through appropriate opportunities of international cooperation such as the G7-Allianceon Resource Efficiency.

Assist developing countries to build the capacity needed for effective resource efficiency and resource circulation policies, including developing scientific and statistical information, in conducting projects in those countries through bilateral or multilateral partnership (e.g., Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific, Climate and Clean Air Coalition). Such efforts can alsocontribute to combating marine litter from land-based sources..

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