• Body’s main energy source• 2 types

– Simple (sugars)– Complex (starches)

• Found in:– Sugar, candy, juice (simple)– Bread, pasta, cereal, etc. (complex)

• 4 calories/g• About 130g required per day

• Used to make and repair tissue• Makes new chemicals, cells etc.• Sometimes used for energy• 2 types

– Complete (all required amino acids)– Incomplete (only some required amino acids)

• Found in:– Milk, eggs, meat (complete)– Beans, vegetables (incomplete)

• 4 calories/g• About 46~56g required per day• Broken down into amino acids

• Stored for backup energy• Provides insulation• Helps transport vitamins• 3 types

– Unsaturated fat (good for the heart; healthy)– Saturated fat (raise cholesterol; unhealthy)– Trans fat (artificial; very unhealthy)

• Found in:– Fish, plants, oils (unsaturated)– Meat, dairy (saturated)– Margarine, snack foods, fried foods (trans)

• 9 calories/g• Makes up about 30% of calories per day

• Indigestible plant matter• Absorbs substances in digestive system• 2 types

– Soluble (lowers cholesterol)– Insoluble (absorbs water to prevent constipation)

• Found in almost all fruits, vegetables, grain etc.• 2 calories/g • About 25~38g required per day

• Organic compounds taken in small amounts• Help with many small tasks in the body• 2 main types

– Water-soluble (move through bloodstream)• Vitamin B (found in unprocessed foods; aids metabolism)• Vitamin C (found in fruits and vegetables; heals cuts)

– Fat-soluble (stored in fat) • Vitamin A (found in orange/green vegetables; aids eyesight)• Vitamin D (found in dairy, eggs and fish; helps bones grow)• Vitamin E (found in grains, fish and vegetables; heals tissue)• Vitamin K (found in dairy and vegetables; stops bleeding)

• Inorganic material taken in small amounts• Help with many small tasks in the body• 2 main types

– Macrominerals• Calcium (found in dairy and vegetables; strengthens bones)• Sodium (salt; regulates water in body)• Potassium (found in fruits, vegetables, beans; aids nervous

system )

– Trace minerals• Iron (found in meat, eggs, vegetables, grains; transports

oxygen in blood)• Zinc (found in meat and beans; aids immune system)

• Keeps body hydrated, preventing illness• Used in chemical reactions• Transports nutrients• Provides insulation• Found in almost all liquids and most food• 0 calories/g• About 2.7~3.7L required per day• Body is 55~78% water

• http://en.wikipedia.org

• http://simple.wikipedia.org

• http://kidshealth.org