BLS Algorithm

8/22/2019 BLS Algorithm

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Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) Algorithm


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Adult Basic Life Support Algorithm


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Immediate Recognition & Activation of Emergency Response SystemIf a lone rescuer finds an unresponsive adult or witnesses an

adult who suddenly collapses, after ensuring that the scene issafe, the rescuer should check for response by tapping thevictim on the shoulder and shouting at the victim. If the victimalso has absent or abnormal breathing, the rescuer shouldassume the victim is in cardiac arrest.

Pulse CheckHealthcare Provider should not take more than 10 seconds tocheck for a pulse. The lay rescuer should not check for pulseand should assume the victim is in cardiac arrest. If unable todefinitely feel a pulse within 10 seconds, the rescuer should

start chest compressions.Early CPRChest Compressions consist of forceful rhythmic application ofpressure over lower half of the sternum. By increasing intra-thoracic pressure and directly compressing the heart, these


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AirwayIf there is no evidence of head/neck trauma, use the Head Tilt-

Chin Lift manoeuvre to open the airway. If head/neck trauma issuspected, open the airway using a jaw thrust without headextension. Spinal injury should be suspected if victim has acraniofacial injury and/or a Glasgow Coma Scale score of < 8.

Rescue BreathsOnce chest compressions have been started, a trained rescuershould deliver rescue breaths by mouth-to-mouth or bag-maskto provide oxygenation and ventilation. Deliver each rescuebreath over 1 second. Give a sufficient tidal volume to produce

visible chest rise. Use a compression to ventilation ratio of 30chest compressions to 2 ventilations.Once an advanced airway (Endotracheal Tube/Combi-tube/Laryngeal Mask Airway) is in place, 2 rescuers need nolonger pause chest compressions for ventilations. The rescuer

i i h t i d it t th t f l t 100


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CPR SequenceC A B

Compressions Airway BreathingPush hard and fast onthe centre of the victim's Tilt the victim's headback and lift the chin to Give mouth-to-mouthrescue breaths


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Primary Emphasis on ChestCompressions

All rescuers should, at a minimum, provide chestcompressions If bystander not trained: Hands-Only CPR If bystander trained & able / HealthcareProvider: Chest Compressions and Ventilationsat rate of 30:2

Chest Compression Depth Compress at least 2 inches / 5 centimetres


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Summary of Key BLS ComponentsRecommendationsComponent Adults Children Infants

Recognition Unresponsive (for all ages)NO breathing NO breathing or only gaspingNO pulse palpated within 10 seconds (Health Care Provider only)CPR Sequence C A BCompression Rate At least 100/minute

Compression Depth At least 2 inches (5 cm) At least AP diameter;about 2 inches (5 cm)

At least AP diameter;about 1 inches (4cm)

Chest wall recoil Allow complete recoil between compressionsHealth Care Providers rotate compressions every 2 minutesCompressioninterruptions Minimise interruptions in chest compressionsAttempt to limit interruptions to


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BLS Algorithm