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Biodiversity: Who cares?. B. A. Which do you like better?. Which do you like better?. B. A. Which do you like better?. A. B. What do you think biodiversity means?. Bio diversity. What does “ Bio ” mean?. Life. Bio =. Bio diversity. What does “ Diversity ” mean?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Biodiversity:
Who cares?
Which do you like better?
A B
A B
Which do you like better?
A B
Which do you like better?
What do you think biodiversity means?
Bio =
Biodiversity
What does “Bio” mean?
Biodiversity
Diversity = Variety
What does “Diversity” mean?
Biodiversity ALL organisms in an area
More kinds of organisms = greater biodiversity
High biodiversity = healthy, sustainable environment
The essential interdependence of all living things
• Scientists have identified more than 2 million species. Tens of millions -- remain unknown
• The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by complex interactions among all living things including microscopic species like algae and mites.
Natural Capital: Major Components of
the Earth’s Biodiversity
There are 4 components of biodiversity
1. Diversity of genesChihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all dogs—but they're not the same because their genes are different.
Chihuahua Beagle
Rottweilers
Diversity of speciesFor example, monkeys, dragonflies, and meadow beauties are all different species.
Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty
There are 3 components of biodiversity
Variety of ecosystemsPrairies, Ponds, and tropical rain forests are all ecosystems. Each one is different, with its own set of species living in it.
Paines Prairie
Hoh Rain Forest
Florida Sand hill Pond
There are 3 components of biodiversity
Components of biodiversity Species diversity: the number and abundance of species
Ecosystem diversity: The variety of ecosystems found in a place or on earth
Functional diversity: variety in the processes and energy flow in an ecosystem
Genetic Diversity: Variety in traits/genes in a species
A B
Which has more cultural diversity?
Biodiversity
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 16
Where is the biodiversity Everywhere
Every continent and habitat has unique life forms
Concentrated in the tropics
Panama: > 500 species of breeding birds
Arctic: 50-100 species Dense concentrations
Which has more biodiversity?
A B
Should we be concerned about biodiversity?
What we know: The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate
Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each year.
when species of plants and animals go extinct, many other species are affected.
Biodiversity has Intrinsic Value
Intrinsic Value = Something that has value in and of itself
Biodiversity also has utilitarian Value
Utilitarian Value = the value something has as a means to another’s end.
Utilitarian values include:• Goods• Services• Information
Benefits of Biodiversity• Natural Resources• Food• Medicine• Clean water• Clean air• Oxygen• Habitat & breeding
areas for wildlife, …• Aesthetic and cultural
benefits• Ideas
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 21
Natural Resources Vital economic natural resources
Renewable Forests (plants, wildlife) Soils Fresh water (lakes, rivers) Wildlife and fisheries Rangeland
Nonrenewable Minerals Fossil Fuels
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 22
Benefits of Biodiversity• New food sources
– Grains, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 23
Benefits of Biodiversity• Medicines
• Plants• Jellyfish & sea
anemones• Nudibranchs
• Marine slugs
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 24
What is Biodiversity?
The variety of life!
genesspecies
ecosystems
Threats to biodiversity
Habitat destructionInvasive (Introduced) Species
Population GrowthPollution
Over-harvesting = Over exploitation~HIPPO~
Threats to Biodiversity Extinction and population
reductions Hunting and overharvesting
Tiger Dodo Whales Sharks
Habitat loss
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 27
Threats to Biodiversity
Extinction and population reductions Pollution Climate change Invasive species
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 28
Chinese Tallow TreeInvasive Species in our area
Sustainability Definition: when a population of plants,
animals and other living organisms can continue to interact and reproduce indefinitely… it is the capacity to endure
The more links in a food web, the more stable and sustainableit is.
What is sustainable use?
To use natural resources at a rate that the Earth can renew them.
Threats to SustainabilityThe more organism that can fulfill a particular
niche (energy role) in an ecosystem the more likely it is to sustain a threat.
Choose 3 of the following threats to ecosystem sustainability and explain why this is true:
Disease Environmental change
Limited resources Human disturbance
Catastrophic events Invasive Species
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity To use biodiversity in a sustainable manner
means to use natural resources at a rate that the Earth can renew them.
What kinds of natural resourcesare we talking about here?
Biodiversity and Sustainability
The biodiversity of an ecosystem contributes to the sustainability of that ecosystem.
Higher/more biodiversity = more sustainable Lower/less biodiversity = less sustainable High biodiversity in an ecosystem means that
there is a great variety of genes and species in that ecosystem.
What is Biodiversity?
The variety of life!
genesspecies
ecosystems
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity To use biodiversity in a sustainable manner
means to use natural resources at a rate that the Earth can renew them.
It is a way to ensure that we meet the needs of present generations and future generations.
Are we part of these ecosystems?
Think food webs!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YES!
The more links in a food web, the more stable and sustainableit is.
Protecting Biodiversity
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 40
How can we protect biodiversity Stop overharvesting
Sustainable yield Hunting & fishing laws
(every state ?) in developing nations ?
Protect habitat Refuges, parks, preserves
Endangered Species Act Clean Air & Water Act Stop over grazing
Protecting Biodiversity
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 41
Endangered Species Act (1973)
Listing of “endangered” and “threatened” species
Restricts development of habitats
Captive breeding programs Release of captive bred
stocks to enhance or recover wild populations.
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/
Protecting Biodiversity Endangered Species Act (1973)
Goal to “recover” species so they no longer need protection under ESA Implements U.S. participation in CITES
“Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species” Prohibits trade in listed species
whole organisms parts: skins, bones, teeth, flowers, leaves, etc.
Other laws: Marine Mammal Protection Act Migratory Bird Treaty Act Anadromous Fish Conservation Act etc.
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 42
Protecting Biodiversity Refuges, parks, preserves
How big should refuges be? Where should they be? McArthur & Wilson “Theory of Island
Biogeography” colonization rate extinction rate (local) predicts number of species
16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 43
Formative Assessment
Examine the two food webs below.
Make 3 claims about why one of the food webs below is less sustainable than the other. Support your claims with explanation as well as evidence from the food webs.
What can you do?As a group brainstorm a list of things
YOU can do to protect biodiversity!