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BHILAI ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Expansion of
M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit of Bhilai Engineering Corporation
Limited, Chhattisgarh
Final Report
April 2016
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
COMPLIANCE STATUS OF EXISTING UNIT
CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….... 1-1
1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………........ 1-1
1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT…………………………. ………..………………………….... 1-2
1.4 EIA CONSULTANT………………………………………………….…………………… 1-2
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE EIA STUDY ……………………………………………………... 1-2
1.6 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………... 1-2
1.7 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK………………………………………………..... 1-3
1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE FOR EXISTING UNIT…………………………… 1-5
1.9 SCOPE OF THE EIA REPORT ………………………………………………………….. 1-5
1.10 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY………………………………... 1-6
1.10.1 Approach of the EIA Study …………………………...………………………. 1-6
1.10.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Status………..…………………….. 1-6
1.10.3 Collection of Secondary Primary Data ……………………….............................. 1-6
1.10.4 Field Study/Monitoring for Generation of Primary Data……………………… 1-7
1.10.5 Environmental Impact Assessment …………………………………………… 1-7
1.10.6 Preparation of Environmental Management Plan…………………………....... 1-7
1.11 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)…………………………………... 1-7
CHAPTER-2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW…………………………………………………………….. 2-1
2.2 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT LOCATION…………………………………………... 2-3
2.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………… 2-3
2.4 RAW MATERIAL USED………………………………………………………………… 2-4
2.5 SOURCING OF RAW MATERIAL…………………………………………………........ 2-4
2.6 POWER REQUIREMENT AND BACK-UP FACILITY……………………………....... 2-4
2.7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION……………………………………………………………..... 2-5
2.8 WATER BALANCE OR WATER REQUIREMENT………………………………......... 2-11
2.8.1 Water Requirement Breakup for proposed Unit……………………………… 2-12
2.9 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT……………………………………………………….. 2-13
2.10 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT …………………………………………………..... 2-15
2.11 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL……………… 2-16
2.12 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS…………………………………………….... 2-17
2.13 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR WORKERS………………………... 2-20
2.13.1 Safety Training………….…………….……………………………………........ 2-20
2.13.2 Safety Inspection……………………..…………..……..................................... 2-20
2.13.3 Accident Reporting and Investigation ..…………..……………........................ 2-21
2.13.4 Emergency Coordination Committee………………………………………….. 2-21
2.13.5 Health……………………………………………………………………………. 2-21
2.14 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HAZARDS………………………………………............. 2-22
2.14.1 List of Probable Hazards………………………………………………………. 2-24
2.14.2 Hazard Protection System……………………………………………………... 2-26
2.14.3 Emergency Control Centre……………………………………………………. 2-27
2.15 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY…………………………………………….. 2-28
CHAPTER-3: BASE LINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS
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3.1 GENERAL SETTING OF SITE AND STUDY AREA…..………………………........... 3-1
3.1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 3-1
3.1.2 Site Description and its Environment.................................................................... 3-2
3.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY...................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.1 Topography ………………………………................................................ 3-4
3.2.2 Geology………………………………………………………………………….. 3-4
3.3 Hydrology and Hydrogeology.............................................................................................. 3-4
3.3.1 Hydrology……………………………………………………………………… 3-4
3.3.2 Hydrogeology…………………………………………………………………… 3-4
3.3.3 Ground Water Scenario......................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.4 Aquifer Characteristics......................................................................................... 3-5
3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT..................................................................................................... 3-10
3.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING........................................................................................ 3-15
3.5.1 Methodology for Soil Monitoring......................................................................... 3-15
3.5.2 Soil Monitoring Locations.................................................................................... 3-15
3.5.3 Soil Characteristics in the Study Area................................................................... 3-17
3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................... 3-17
3.6.1 Methodology for Water Quality Monitoring......................................................... 3-17
3.6.2 Surface Water Monitoring Locations.................................................................... 3-18
3.6.3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results.......................................................... 3-20
3.6.4 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations....................................................... 3-20
3.6.5 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results........................................................... 3-21
3.6.6 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations.................................................... 3-22
3.6.7 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Results........................................................ 3-22
3.7 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY..................................................................................... 3-22
3.7.1 Temperature........................................................................................................... 3-23
3.7.2 Rainfall................................................................................................................... 3-23
3.7.3 Wind Pattern..................................................................................................... 3-23
3.7.4 Atmospheric Inversion Level............................................................................. 3-23
3.8 AMBIENT AIR AND NOISE QUALITY............................................................................ 3-24
3.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring........................................................................... 3-24
3.8.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations……………….. 3-24
3.8.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology…………………. 3-26
3.8.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results………………………… 3-27
3.8.2 Noise Monitoring................................................................................................. 3-29
3.8.3 Regional Scenario.................................................................................................. 3-31
3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................ 3-32
3.9.1 Flora........................................................................................................................ 3-32
3.9.2 Fauna...................................................................................................................... 3-35
3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................. 3-36
3.10.1 Existing Facilities................................................................................................. 3-41
CHAPTER-4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………….…….………….…………… 4-1
4.2 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT ………………….…….………….…………….. 4-1
4.2.1 Impacts during Construction Phase ….………….………….………………… 4-1
4.2.2 Impacts during Operation Phase…………………………………………………. 4-1
4.2.3 Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………… 4-1
4.3 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT…………………………………………………… 4-2
4.3.1 Impacts during Construction Phase……………………………………………. 4-2
4.3.2 Impacts during Operation Phase………………………………………………. 4-2
4.3.2.1 The Model…………………………………………………………… 4-2
4.3.2.2 Model Input………………………………………………………… 4-3
4.3.2.3 Modeling Procedure…………………………………………………... 4-3
4.3.2.4 Modeling Results……………………………………………………... 4-3
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
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4.3.2.5 Discussion on Modeling Results……………………………………… 4-8
4.3.3 Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………… 4-8
4.4 IMPACT ON NOISE AND VIBRATION.……………..….………………..…..…........... 4-9
4.4.1 Impacts during Construction Phase …….………….………….………………… 4-9
4.4.2 Impacts during Operation Phase…………………………………………………. 4-9
4.4.3 Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………… 4-9
4.5 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIORNMENT….………….……………..…………….......... 4-9
4.5.1 Impacts during Construction Phase ….………….………….………………… 4-9
4.5.2 Impacts during Operation Phase………………………………………………. 4-9
4.5.3 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………… 4-9
4.6 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT…………………………………….. 4-10
4.6.1 Impacts during Construction and Operation Phase……………………………. 4-10
4.6.2 Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………… 4-10
4.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT……………………………….... 4-10
4.7.1 Impacts during Construction Phase …….………….………….………………… 4-10
4.7.2 Impacts during Operation Phase…………………………………………………. 4-10
4.7.3 Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………… 4-10
CHAPTER-5: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ……………………………………........ 5-1
5.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING……………………………………………... 5-1
5.3 NOISE MONITORING ………………………………………………………………... 5-1
5.4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING…………………………………………………….. 5-2
5.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING………………………………………………………… 5-2
5.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH…………………………………………………………….. 5-2
5.7 BUDGET…………………………………………………………………………………… 5-4
CHAPTER-6: PROJECT BENEFITS
6.1 PROJECT BENEFITS ……………………………………………..……………………... 6-1
CHAPTER-7: DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN……………………………...................................... 7-1
7.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY………………………………………….... 7-1
7.2.1 Construction …………………………………………………………………….. 7-2
7.2.2 Operation and Maintenance……………………………………………………... 7-2
7.2.3 Chemical Hazard………………………………………………………………... 7-2
7.3 SAFETY PLAN…………………………………………………………………………… 7-3
7.3.1 Safety Organization……………………………………………………………... 7-4
7.3.2 Safety Circle………………………………………………………………….. 7-4
7.3.3 Safety Training………………………………………………………………….. 7-4
7.3.4 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan……………………………………………... 7-4
7.4 KEY PERSONNEL……………………………………………………………………. 7-5
7.5 EMERGENCY PLANNING FOR DISASTER DUE TO FIRE………………………….. 7-5
7.5.1 Classification of Fires…………………………………………………………… 7-5
7.5.2 Equipment System Dealing with Fuel Handling………………………………... 7-6
7.5.3 Need for a Fire Fighting Group…………………………………………………. 7-6
7.5.4 Fire Fighting with Water………………………………………………………... 7-6
7.6 WATER LINE ARRANGEMENT…………………………………………………….. 7-7
7.6.1 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers…………………………………………... 7-7
7.6.2 Inspection…………………………………………………………………………. 7-8
7.6.3 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire……………………………………………….. 7-8
7.6.4 Specific Emergencies Anticipated………………………………………………. 7-8
7.6.5 Emergency Action Plan…………………………………………………………. 7-8
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. iv
7.6.6 First Information……………………………………………………………… 7-9
7.6.7 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency…………………. 7-9
7.7 EMERGENCY FACILITIES……………………………………………………………... 7-9
7.7.1 Emergency Control Center (ECC)……………………………………………… 7-9
7.7.2 Fire Fighting Facilities………………………………………………………….. 7-10
7.7.3 Emergency Medical Facilities…………………………………………………... 7-10
7.8 EMERGENCY ACTIONS……………………………………………………………... 7-10
7.8.1 Emergency Warning…………………………………………………………….. 7-10
7.8.2 Emergency Shutdown…………………………………………………………… 7-10
7.8.3 Evacuation of Personnel………………………………………………………… 7-10
7.9 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN……………………………………. 7-11
7.10 ROLE OF THE EMERGENCY CO-ORDINATION OFFICER…………………………. 7-11
7.10.1 Role of the Local Authority……………………………………………………... 7-11
7.10.2 Role of Police…………………………………………………………………… 7-11
7.10.3 Role of Fire Authorities…………………………………………………………. 7-11
7.11 RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PERSONNEL…………………………………………… 7-12
7.11.1 Assembly Point…………………………………………………………………. 7-13
7.11.2 Emergency Power Supply………………………………………………………. 7-13
7.12 OTHERS…………………………………………………………………………………… 7-13
7.12.1 Employee Information………………………………………………………... 7-13
7.12.2 Public Information and Warning……………………………………………... 7-13
7.12.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities…………………………………………... 7-14
7.12.4 Mock Drills…………………………………………………………………... 7-14
7.12.5 Important Information…………………………………………………………... 7-14
CHAPTER-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 STRUCTURE OF EMP ………………………………….….............................................. 8-1
8.2 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES……………….……….. 8-1
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS…………………………………............ 8-4
8.3.1 Air Pollution Management Plan………………………………………………... 8-4
8.3.2 Water Environment……………………………………………………………… 8-5
8.3.3 Noise Environment……………………………………………………………… 8-6
8.3.4 Rainwater Harvesting System…………………………………………………... 8-6
8.3.5 Storm Water Management Plan………………………………………………… 8-8
8.3.6 Sewage Management Plan……………………………………………………… 8-9
8.3.7 Effluent Management Plan……………………………………………………... 8-10
8.3.8 Solid Waste Management Plan…………………………………………………. 8-11
8.3.9 Hazardous Waste Management Plan…………………………………………… 8-11
8.3.10 Green Belt Development……………………………………………………….. 8-11
8.3.11 Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)………………. 8-11
8.3.12 Health and Safety……………………………………………………………… 8-13
8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ………………………………………… 8-13
8.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL…………………………………………… 8-15
8.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET………………………………….. 8-15
CHAPTER-9: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
9.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………....................................... 9-1
9.2 SITE SELECTION………………………………………………………………………... 9-1
9.3 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION…………………………………………………………… 9-2
9.3.1 SSP/GSSP Production…………………………………………………………... 9-2
CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
10.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION………………………………………………………. 10-1
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. v
CHAPTER 11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
11.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………... 11-1
11.2 QUALITY OF SERVICES ………………………….………………………………….... 11-1
11.3 AREA OF SPECIALIZATION ………………………………………………….……….. 11-1
11.4 RESOURCES ………………………………………………………………….………..... 11-2
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
No.
Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project ……………………………………................ 1-2
Table 1.2 Applicable Acts and Guidelines for the Proposed Project …………………….. 1-3
Table 1.3 Point Wise Compliance to the Approved Terms of Reference (ToR)………….. 1-8
Table 2.1 Salient Features of the Project…………………………………………………... 2-3
Table 2.2 Raw Materials Required for Project…………………………………………….. 2-4
Table 2.3 Solid waste generations and its mode of disposal…………………………….. 2-16
Table 2.4 Air Pollution emission and Control System.......................................................... 2-17
Table 2.5 Descriptions of Hazardous Operation/ Process/ Area/ Materials......................... 2-22
Table 2.6 List of Fire-Fighting Equipments……………………………………………. 2-27
Table 2.7 CSR Activities to be undertaken by BECF for future plan (5 years) after
expansion 2-29
Table 2.8 CSR Activities Undertaken By BECF for the Year 2012-13…………………… 2-29
Table 3.1 Brief Description of the Project Site…………………………………………. 3-2
Table 3.2 Transitivity (T) and Sp.Capacity value obtained in Bilaspur district…….. 3-5
Table 3.3 Ground Water Resources of Bilaspur District………………………………….. 3-9
Table 3.4 Classification of Land Use and Land Cover……………………………………. 3-11
Table 3.5 Soil Quality Monitoring Location………………………………………………. 3-15
Table 3.6 Soil Characteristics in the Study Area………………………………………….. 3-17
Table 3.7 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations………………………………….. 3-18
Table 3.8 Physico-Chemical Analytical Results of Surface Water……………………. 3-20
Table 3.9 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations………………………………. 3-20
Table 3.10 Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water Quality…………………………. 3-21
Table 3.11 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations……………………………… 3-22
Table 3.12 Physico-Chemical Analysis of Effluent Treatment Plant Discharge Quality….. 3-22
Table 3.13 Monthly Rainfall Data for the Year 2012………………………………………. 3-23
Table 3.14 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations…………………………………… 3-25
Table 3.15 Summary of PM10 Levels Monitored in the Study Area………………. 3-27
Table 3.16 Summary of PM2.5 Levels Monitored in the Study Area……………………. 3-27
Table 3.17 Summary of SO2 Levels Monitored in the Study Area………………………. 3-28
Table 3.18 Summary of NOx Levels Monitored in the Study Area…………………… 3-28
Table 3.19 Summary of HC, CO, VOC, NH3, Fluoride Levels Monitored in the Study
Area. 3-29
Table 3.20 Ambient Noise Standards………………………………………………………. 3-29
Table 3.21 Location and Category of Noise Monitoring Stations………………………... 3-30
Table 3.22 Noise Monitoring Results within 10 km study area…………………………. 3-31
Table 3.23 List of Flora in the Study Area………………………………………………. 3-34
Table 3.24 List of Fauna in the Study Area……………………………………………… 3-35
Table 3.25 List of villages Surveyed…………………………………………………….. 3-37
Table 3.26 Demographic profile of the study area………………………………………. 3-39
Table 3.27 Educational Institutions in Bilaspur District in the Year 2006-2007…………… 3-41
Table 3.28 List of Industries within 10 km radius of the plant area……………………… 3-42
Table 4.1 Stack & Emission Characteristics…………………………………………….. 4-3
Table 4.2 Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC), PM10
(µg/m3)… 4-4
Table Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC), PM2.5 4-5
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. vi
4.3 (µg/m3)…
Table
4.4 Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of SO2
(µg/m3)... 4-6
Table
4.5 Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of NOx
(µg/m3)… 4-7
Table 5.1 Environmental Monitoring (Construction Phase)………………………………. 5-3
Table 5.2 Environmental Monitoring (Operation Phase)…………………………………. 5-3
Table 5.3 Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase (2Years).. 5-4
Table 5.4 Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase……………….. 5-5
Table 7.1 Classes of Fire as per National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)………….. 7-5
Table 8.1 Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures……………………………… 8-1
Table 8.2 List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction & Operation Phases 8-14
Table 8.3 Environment Management Cell……………………………………………… 8-15
Table 8.4 Environmental Budget………………………………………………………….. 8-15
Table 9.1 Environmental Guidelines for site selection....................................................... 9-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page
No.
Figure 1.1 Location Map of the Project Site……………………………………………... 1-4
Figure 1.2 Layout Map of the Proposed Project………………………………………. 1-5
Figure 2.1 Layout Map showing the Proposed Expansion Unit………………………….. 2-2
Figure 2.2 Flow Chart showing the Manufacturing Process of Sulphuric Acid………. 2-7
Figure 2.3 Flow diagram for manufacturing of Triple Single Super Phosphate…………. 2-9
Figure 2.4 Manufacturing Process Flow diagram for SSP/GSSP………………………... 2-10
Figure 2.5 Water Balance Diagram for the Existing Unit…………………………….. 2-12
Figure 2.6 Water Balance Diagram for the Expansion Unit………………………….. 2-12
Figure 2.7 Schematic Flow Diagram of STP…………………………………………. 2-14
Figure 2.8 Schematic Diagram of Existing ETP…………………………………………. 2-15
Figure 3.1 Project Location Map………………………………………………………… 3-1
Figure 3.2 Study Area Map for Proposed Project…………………………………….. 3-2
Figure 3.3 Project Location map with respect to nearby industries………………………. 3-3
Figure 3.4 Hydrogeological Map of Bilaspur District………………………………… 3-6
Figure 3.5 Pre monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)………………………….. 3-7
Figure 3.6 Post monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)………………………… 3-8
Figure 3.7 Ground water resource map of Bilaspur district (CGWB 2010)…………. 3-10
Figure 3.8 Land Use Land Cover Pattern of the Study Area………………………… 3-12
Figure 3.9 Terrain Map of Study Area………………………………………………….. 3-13
Figure 3.10 Seismic Zonation Map of India (BMTPC 2006)…………………………. 3-14
Figure 3.11 Soil Sampling Locations in the Study Area…………………………………. 3-16
Figure 3.12 Surface water and ground water quality monitoring sampling locations…… 3-19
Figure 3.13 Wind Rose for the Project Site……………………………………………… 3-24
Figure 3.14 Ambient air quality-monitoring locations…………………………………… 3-25
Figure 3.15 Noise Monitoring Location in the Study Area………………………………. 3-30
Figure 3.16 Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Day Time)………………………… 3-32
Figure 3.17 Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Night Time)……………………….. 3-32
Figure 3.18 Habitation map of the study area………………………………………………. 3-37
Figure 4.1 Isopleths plot of concentration for PM10 (µg/m3)………………………….. 4-4
Figure 4.2 Isopleths plot of concentration for PM2.5 (µg/m3)………………………….. 4-5
Figure 4.3 Isopleths plot of concentration for SO2 (µg/m3)……………………………. 4-6
Figure 4.4 Isopleths plot of concentration for NOx (µg/m3)…………………………… 4-7
Figure 8.1 Flow Chart for Air Pollution Control System……………………………….. 8-5
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page
No.
Figure 8.2 Rain Water Harvesting System……………………………………………… 8-7
Figure 8.3 Proposed Rain Water Harvesting System…………………………………… 8-8
Figure 8.4 Sewage Treatment Plant Process………………………………………………. 8-10
Figure 8.5 Flow Diagrams for Effluent Treatment Plant………………………………… 8-12
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 1
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction
M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC), Bhilai is a diversified Engineering
manufacturing organization with multidisciplinary facilities. It is engaged in meeting the
engineering challenges of business with a devoted sense of commitment and conviction.
BEC’s main product ranges from design, engineering, manufacturing of steel plant and other core sector equipments for over 40 years, to manufacture and supply of Fertilizer since year
1985. M/s. BEC Fertilizers (BECF) is a unit of M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited
and entered in the business of Manufacturing fertilizers and other Agro-inputs since 1985.
BEC has a unit at Bilaspur (1985) and Pulgaon (2001).
It has proposed to expand manufacturing units for Granulated Fertilizer
(SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer) (4,40,000 TPA), Single/Triple/Boronated/Zincated
Super Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA) Triple Super Phosphate (1,00,000 TPA) and Sulphuric Acid
(1,40,000 TPA) production unit at Sirgitti, CSIDC, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.
M/s Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has been appointed by BEC as an independent
EIA consultant for carrying out environmental impact assessment studies for the proposed
project.
Scope of EIA Study
The scope of the EIA study includes:
Detailed characterization of the existing status of the land, air, water, soil, biotic and socio-
economic environment within 10 km study area around the project site. Identification of the
potential environmental impacts of the project, suggestion of appropriate remedial/
mitigation measures and formulation of an effective environmental management plan
(EMP) to prevent, control and mitigate the adverse impacts, and ensure the environmental
compliance.
Apart from suggesting mitigation measures to the negative impacts, the report reserves
implementation of various enhancement measures as a part of project benefit program to
people of the nearby areas.
The structure of executive summary is set out under the following sub-headings:
1. Introduction
2. Salient Features.
3. Project Location
4. Project Description
5. Baseline Environmental Status
6. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures
7. Environmental Monitoring Plan
8. Project Benefits
9. Environmental Management Plan
10. Conclusion.
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2. Salient Features
The salient features of the proposed project are given in the Table 1.
Table 1: Salient Features of the Project
Items Details
Location Plot no. 96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial area, Bilaspur.
Latitude and
Longitude
Latitude : 22° 02’ 30.6” N
Longitude : 82° 09’ 27.1” E
Plot area 47.66 acres
Proposed
production
capacity
Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/.NPK/Customized Fertilizer) – 4,40,000
TPA Single / Triple / Boronated / Zincated / Super Phosphate – 4,40,000
TPA, Sulphuric Acid – 1,40,000 TPA, Triple Super Phosphate –
1,00,000 TPA
Power
requirement &
source
Construction Phase:150 kW
Source: Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)
Operational Phase:
SSP 25 kWh / MT SSP
GSSP 15 kWh / MT SSP
SA 55 kWh / MT SA
Additional 3050 kW
Source – Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)
Total power requirement of proposed plant shall be 3200 KWH.
TG Set (1 Nos.) of 2500 KVA (Condensing Type)
Power backup DG Set (2 Nos.) of 1070 KVA
Water
requirement &
source
Construction Phase: 350 kLD
Operational Phase: 1550 kLD
Source: Water supplied by CSIDC Water Supply Authority from Arpa
River.
ETP Facility The process used for the production of complex Fertilizer is a Zero
Effluent Discharge Process. Hence, ETP is not required for the
production of the complex Fertilizer.
Quantity of effluent to be treated in ETP: 100 m3/day
STP Facility Quantity of sewage to be treated in the STP: 40 m3/day
Project cost Rs. 75 Cr.
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3. Project Location
The proposed expansion of Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer)
(4,40,000 TPA), Single/Triple/Boronated/Zincated Super Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA) Triple
Super Phosphate (1,00,000 TPA),and Sulphuric Acid (1,40,000 TPA) facility is being
developed inside the plant premises and adjacent to the existing fertilizer plant. The existing
fertilizer plant is also having necessary facilities such as railway siding, well developed roads,
and truck unloading facilities, facilities for rain water collection etc. which also substantiate
the proposed site location
Location map is given in Figure 1.1. The detailed layout plan of the proposed project is also
given in Figure 1.2.
Figure: 1.1 Project Location Map
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Figure: 1.2 Detailed Project Layout Plan.
4. Project Description
The area for proposed expansion is within the existing plant premises. The site is well
connected by road and is approximately 5 km from Bilaspur Railway Station. The study area
of 10 km radius mostly consist of mixture of scrub land and agricultural land and the project
site is in proximity to various industries such as Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd.,Vandana Vidyut
Ltd., Ganpat Industries, Black Diamond Motors Pvt. Etc.
Raw Materials Used
Sulphur, Rock Phosphate, Sulphuric acid, Phosphoric acid are the raw materials required for
the manufacturing of the complex fertilizer products such as Sulphuric acid, SSP, TSP,
Boronated Single Super Phosphate. Details of the raw materials required for the proposed
project is as per below Table 2.
Table 2: Raw Materials Required for Project
Sl. No. Raw materials Existing (MTPA) Proposed (MTPA)
1 Sulphur 13,500 47,000
2 Rock Phosphate 78,000 2,46.000
3 Sulphuric Acid (Con. 98%) 50,000 1,58,000
4 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5 100% basis) - 36,000
Sulphuric Acid
Sulphur is the basic raw material for the production of Sulphuric Acid. Sulphuric acid
produced in the plant shall be utilized for manufacturing Single Super Phosphate Fertilizer.
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Sulphuric acid is manufactured by contact process using DCDA (Double conversion &
double absorption) technology, which is latest and most efficient today. Following chemical
reactions take place in the process.
01. S+O2 = SO3
02. SO2 + ½ O2 = SO3
03. SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
Single Super Phosphate
Single Super Phosphate (SSP) manufacturing is a simple process. By digesting the Rock
Phosphate with Sulphuric Acid it is produced. During the reaction the insoluble Phosphates
are converted into water soluble phosphates thus when SSP is applied in field the Phosphates
are readily available in the soil and absorbed by plants for its growth.
Raw material consumption (PMT of SSP)
A) Rock Phosphate - 560 Kg.
B) Sulphuric Acid (Conc. 98%) - 360 Kg.
Manufacturing process
Rock Phosphate is ground to fine powder (90% of 100mesh) in a Milling section and it is
conveyed through Screw Conveyor and Bucket Elevator to the Mixer where reactions take
place. Parallely Sulphuric acid, water and recycled Flouro Silicic Acid liquor are also added
in the mixer in a pre-determined ratio. The Rock Phosphate, Acid and dilution liquor react
together in the Mixer (Reactor) to produce single Super Phosphate.
Boronated Single Super Phosphate (BSSP)
Manufacturing process of BSSP is same as that of SSP. It shall also be manufactured in the
existing SSP plant. Rock Phosphate and Sulphuric are the main raw material for
manufacturing SSP. For BSSP Sodium Borate Penta hydrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O) is added extra
as per the requirement along with water in the Mixer. The remaining process is same.
Boron is a micronutrient, which is also necessary for the growth of plants to increase the
yield. As per FCO (Fertilizer Control Order), the Boron contained in the BSSP should be
0.15% to 0.20%. Above 10 Kg/MT of Sodium Borate is added to get desired Boron in the
product. BECF shall manufacture Boronated SSP also in the existing SSP plant.
Zincated Single Super Phosphate (ZSSP)
Zincated SSP is also being manufactured in existing SSP.
Zinc is a micronutrient which is also necessary for growth of Plant to increase the yield. As
per FCO, the zinc content in ZSSP should be minimum 0.5%. Accordingly, above 15 kg of
monohydrate zinc sulphate is added to get zinc in the product.
Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)
Triple Super Phosphate is manufactured by digesting rock phosphate with phosphoric acid.
Manufacturing process of TSP is same as of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) except Phosphoric
acid used for TSP in place of Sulphuric Acid used for SSP. TSP is considered as the
concentrated form of Single Super Phosphate. Consequently, TSP can also be manufactured
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in the existing SSP plant. BECF proposes to manufacture TSP also in the existing and
proposed SSP plant.
Granulated Fertilizer (GSSP/TSP/NPK/Customized)
The granulation plant is a multi product unit where one or many of the individual fertilizers
viz, Urea, TSP DAP, SSP, MOP, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Sulphur, Iron, etc are mixed together
in a predetermined ratio and they are broken down and blended to make homogeneous mass.
This mass is fed into granulator where required quantity of water is added to moist the mass
and rotated in a drum called ‘Granulator’. As a result of this the powdered mass is converted into granules of various sizes. The wet granules are passed through a rotating dryer drum
where hot air generated from a furnace is passed through the mass. At the end of the dryer
drum dried granules are received and it is fed into a cooler drum where atmospheric air is
passed from the opposite direction to cool the material. The cooled granules are screened in
vibrating screens to segregate product size, oversize & undersize particles. The oversize
granules are crushed and along with undersize material it is fed back to granulator for onward
granulation. In the whole process no chemical reaction takes place as it is a simple physical
crushing and mixing and granulating process using suitable machineries.
To produce granulated SSP, only SSP Powder will be the raw material. For NPK Mixture
manufacture Urea, DAP, SSP, MOP, etc are the raw materials. For Customized Fertilizers, in
addition to the above, micro nutrients viz, Boron, Zinc & the other cation minerals in very
small quantities will be added in the granulation process.
5. Baseline Environmental Status
5.1 Topography
Bilaspur plain is bisected by the river Arpa and its tributaries which divides this plain intio
two parts western and eastern. The elevation of the plain is below 300 meter above the sea
level. Bilaspur city area where site is located occupies gently sloping terrain, gradually
sloping towards the Arpa River from north and south. The area south of Arpa River gently
slopes and forms a shape like saucer at the city’s centre. The hillocks north of the city are responsible in creating drainage channels. There are five major drain basins of the Bilaspur
are namely Chantidih, Chingrajpara, South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. Jawali, Torba. The
combination of natural and constructed drains forms a rectangular drainage pattern ultimately
discharging in to the Arpa River.
5.2 Geology
The major geological formation in the district are high grade gneisses and unclassified
metamorphics of Archean age. They are overlain by sedimentary formations of upper
Proterozoic known as Chhattisgarh super group consisting of limestones, siltstones, shales,
sandstone and marlstone. Gondwana group of rocks belonging to carboniferous to lower
cretaceous age also occur in the area3.3
5.3 Hydrology
The major riverine system of the study area is drained by Arpa River, a tributary of Seonath
River. The Arpa River flows through the city from north-west to south-east. The drainage of
the city to the river is carried by Jewali Nullah in the south and Goker Nullah in the north of
the river. Arpa is the important riverine system, which falls within 12 km (West) from the
project site.
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5.4 Hydrogeology
The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells and piped water supply.
The requirements of water for irrigation and the domestic purposes, are fulfilled by the
groundwater through dug well and bore well. As per the ground water exploration conducted
by the CGWB, North Central Region, Raipur (CGWB, 2010), the Arpa River alluvium is the
main potential aquifer in the Bilaspur urban area. The thickness of the alluvium varies from
19 to 30 m. Groundwater occurs in dolomite and shale formation of Proterozoic age, which
are underlying the alluvium.3.5 The ground water in the area occurs under water table
conditions in alluvium formation and in semi-confined to confined conditions in the fractured
part of the calcareous formation occurring below alluvium.
The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells, canals and piped water
supply. The study area falls under the Arpa river basin.
5.5 Land Environment
5.5.1 Land Use Land Cover
The project site, which is located in the Sirgitti industrial area and the proposed expansion is
within the existing plant premise so the project site is devoid of agricultural land but within
the study area both agricultural and scrub lands are present.
The Study Area is covered by about 59.2% of the study area is covered by agricultural land,
which is characterized by scattered plantation of 12.79 % and built up area of 12.64 %. Next
to built up area about 11.12% is fallow land and 2.9 % water body.0.62 % of the area
constitutes shrub land; 0.53 % constitutes dry river bed and 0.03 % of the study area
constitutes marshy land.
5.5.2 Seismicity
The proposed project site is in Seismic Zone II as per IS 1893 (Part I):2002, the associated
intensity is MM VI (or less), which signifies that the project site is of low intensity zone.
Hence, probability of having high intensity earthquake is almost negligible.
5.5.3 Soil Quality
The Soil Monitoring was conducted for studying the various parameters in five different
locations within the study area, namely in the proposed expansion area, existing plant site,
back side of engineering godown, village Joparpara, village Kormi.
As per the soil quality analytical results, the soil was neutral in nature with pH ranging from
7.1 to 7.2. The bulk density of the soil varied from 1.31 to 1.47 g/cc, which was ideal for
agricultural activity. The concentration of available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium
were in the range of 230 – 241 kg/ha, 38.5– 41.3 kg/ha and 138 – 141 kg/ha, which signified
that the soil was moderately fertile. The organic carbon in the soil ranged from 1.3 to 1.33%
5.6 Water Environment
To assess the water quality of the study area, three different classes of water was sampled and
assessed, they are: Surface Water, Ground Water and Water from the Effluent treatment
plants, located within the plant premises.
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Water samples were collected once from all these locations during the one season study
period. The samples were analyzed for relevant physico-chemical parameters for drawing up
the baseline data
Surface Water
The pH of the surface water was in the range of 7.0 to 7.5. The hardness ranged from 61 to 80
mg/. The concentration of Calcium ranged from 20 to 29 mg/l and Magnesium ranged from
16-21 mg/l. The concentration of Iron, Fluoride, Lead, Chromium, Mercury, Arsenic, Cyanide
were below the detectable level.
Ground Water
The pH of the ground water was slightly alkaline ranging from 6.5 to 7.7. The totals dissolved
solids in all the sampled water and were in the range of 537 to 723 mg/l. Calcium and
magnesium were in the range of 38 – 81 mg/l and 15-41 mg/l, respectively. The concentration
of fluoride in water was in the range of 0.41 – 0.88 mg/l, which is within the permissible limit
of 1.0 mg/l as per IS 10500:2012. The concentration of nitrate and iron in the ground water
were in the range of 9.3 –13.8 mg/l and 0.11- 0.25 mg/l respectively. The range of alkalinity
and hardness in water ranged from 84 – 109 mg/l and 125-179 mg/l, respectively.
Waste Water
The wastewater quality monitoring was conducted for studying the parameters in three
different locations within the plant. The pH of the water collected from ETP 1, 2 were
alkaline in nature. All other parameters like TSS, Oil and grease, Fluoride, Phenolics,
Mercury, Cyanide, Phosphates, were well within the discharge limits.
5.7 Climate and Meteorology
Chhattisgarh has three distinct seasons, namely summer (March to June), monsoon (July to
September) and winter (November to February).
Relative humidity is quite high, exceeding 80% during rainy season. The sky is mostly cloudy
during the rainy season and less cloudy in the post–monsoon months, with clear sky during
the other months of the year. Wind speeds are generally low, though they accelerate during
the latter part of summer and early southwest monsoons.
Generally, light to moderate wind prevail throughout the year in the morning hours. The wind
is stronger in the afternoon. A review of the wind rose diagram of the project site during the
study period (October – December 2015) shows that predominant winds (around 67%) are
mostly towards South West directions. The average wind speed is 3.91 m/s with calm winds
prevailing during 0.51%.
5.8 Ambient Air Quality
Six sampling stations were chosen for monitoring of ambient air quality within the study area.
These were within 10 km from proposed expansion locations. One of the locations was
situated in the predominant wind direction (South West and South East) as per the Windrose.
The air quality parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO, NH3, VOC, and HC are
monitored out of which PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and NH3 are listed in the NAAQ standard
2009 and are found to be within the permissible limits of prescribed standards.
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The 24-hourly average PM10 level varied between 51.3 g/m3 (at AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and
57.5g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The level of PM10 in all the areas is well within the NAAQS
standards of 100 g/m3
The 24-hourly average PM2.5 level varied between 21.75 g/m3 (at
AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and 30.6 g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). Similar to that of PM10, the levels of
PM2.5 for all the sampling locations is within the permissible limit of 60 g/m3.
The mean of 24-hourly average values of SO2 over the study area was varying between 11.9
µg/m3 (at AQ-3 Hardikala village) to 14.85 µg/m
3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The SO2 levels at all the
locations were much below the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 stipulated for residential, rural
& other areas. The mean of 24-hourly NOx level over the entire study area was varying
between 20.7 g/m3 (at AQ-4 Tilak Nagar) to 25.25 g/m
3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The 24-hourly
average values of NOx at all the locations were within the prescribed limit of 80 g/m3
5.9 Noise
The noise level was monitored in seven locations and is within the permissible limits.
Assessment of day-night equivalent noise levels in and around the industry reveals that noise
levels are ranging from 41.5 to 54.7 dB (A) during day time and 31.3 to 52.7 dB (A) during
night time, which can be taken as the existing baseline status.
5.10 Biological Environment
The study was carried out within the 10 km radius of the project area.
To understand the structure of the ecological community of the study area quadrate sampling
method was followed. During the process of ecological survey, quadrate study was done for
tree, shrubs and herbs species to understand the community structure of the vegetation.The
study area comprises mostly of Broad Leaf Sub Tropical Forests.
Some of the dominant tree species are Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) Gamhar (Cometina
arhborca), Sal (Shorea robusta), Sagun (Tectona grandis), Neem(Azadirachta indica),
Jamun (Syzigium cumini), Kanji (Pongamia pinnata), Eucalyptus, Dhak, Mahua (Bassia
latifolia), Mango (Mangifera indica ) Acacia arbica, Sesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Chatauna
(Alstonia scholars), etc.,
Among the common shrubs species that were observed during sampling includes Ber
(Ziziphus numularia), Lantana camera, Calotropis procera, Iporea purpurea, Babul (Acacia
arbica), Pink shower (Cassia nudosa), Palas (Butea monosperma) etc. Herbs species of the
study area consists of grasses, Argemon Mexicana,Parthenium sp., Nerium odorum
Mammals: Important mammals recorded are Jackles, Fox, Bats, Squirrel, Indian Hare,
Monkey
Reptiles: Indian Cobra, Python, Krait, Indian Chameleon.
Avifauna: House sparrow, Crow, Mayna, Tree Pie, Pigeon
List of Flora and Fauna in the study area is in tables below:
List of Flora in the study area
S. No Scientific Name Common Name Habit
1 Mangifera indica Mango Tree
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S. No Scientific Name Common Name Habit
2 Ziziphus numularia Ber Tree
3 Azadirachta indica Neem Tree
4 Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal Tree
5 Syzigium cumini Jamun Tree
6 Moringa oleifera Sajana Tree
7 Madhuca latifolia Mahula Tree
8 Tamarindus indica Imli Tree
10 Psidium guajava Guava Tree
11 Shorea robusta Sal Tree
12 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Tree
13 Bassia latifolia Mahua Tree
14 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo Tree
15 Ficus Benghalensis Banyan Tree
16 Delonix sp. Gulmohar Tree
17 Pongamia pinnata Karanji Tree
18 Butea sp. Palas Tree
19 Alstonia scholars Chatauna Tree
20 Cassia nudosa PinkShower Shrub
21 Tinospora cerdifolia Gulancha Shrub
22 Acacia arbica Babul Shrub
23 Datur stramonium Dhutura Shrub
24 Calotropis gigantea - Shrub
25 Lantana camara - Shrub
26 Ocimum canum Bantulsi Herb
27 Nerium odorum Karabi Herb
28 Thevetia peruviana Kolke Herb
Plumeria sp. Gulechin Herb
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List of Fauna in the study area
Sl.
No. Common Name Scientific Name Conservation IUCN Status
Mammals
1. Jackles Canis aureus indicus Least Concern
2. Fox Vulpes bengalensis Least Concern
3. Bats Pteropus giganteus Least Concern
4. Squirrel Funambulus palmarum Least Concern
5. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Least Concern
6. Monkey Macaca Fascicularis Least Concern
Reptiles
1. Indian Cobra Naja naja Not Evaluated
2. Python Python molurus Near Threatened
3. Krait Bungarus sp. Least Concern
4. Indian Chameleon Chamaeleo zeylanicus Least Concern
5. Viper Daboia russelii
Avifauna
1. Grey Quail
2. House sparrow Passer domesticus Least Concern
3. Crow Corvus culminatus Least Concern
4. Mayna Mayna pubescens Endangered
5. Tree Pie Dendrocitta sp. Least Concern
6. Pigeon Columba livia Least Concern
No Eco sensitive Zone like Biosphere reserve, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary is present
within 10 km of the study area or its vicinity.
5.11 Socio-Economic Environment
The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography and social
strata and literacy levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the area. The Socio –
Economic survey was conducted in ten hamlets Jhoparpara, Sirgitti, Chakrabhatta, Dhamini,
Karaar, Sewer, Hardikala, Saida, Chautana.
Agriculture provides livelihood to a large section. People are engaged in growing crops and
plantations for commercial purposes. The major cash crops of the area are paddy, wheat,
Pulses and vegetables. Some people also work as laborers in the agricultural fields.
Most of the villages have good connectivity and communication facilities. The villages nearby
the Sirgitti Industrial Area are well connected with each other. The national highway (NH
200) and NH 111, which passes along the study area thereby providing good connectivity to a
very wide network of the national and state highways.
Bilaspur railway station is the nearest main railway station at approx. 2 km (aerial distance)
from the project site in the north direction, which is well connected to the study area. Apart
from railways and roadways, there are rivers flowing through the area.
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Most of the villages in the block have both mobile and landline telecom connections. They
have post offices and many cooperative as well as regional level banks. All the villages have
television/radio sets and are aware of national and international news/events.
The villages of the block do not have good medical facilities. Primary health centers exist in
few of the villages along with some private doctors, so the villagers have to go to Bilaspur for
any major disease. Therefore, medical facilities need to be developed in these villages.
Although primary educational facilities are there in all the villages and for higher education
villagers have to commute to Bilaspur.
6. Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The impacts and mitigation measures with respect to the construction and operation phases of
the proposed project are given in Table 4.
Table 4: Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures
Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures
Construction Phase
1. Air Generation of Dust, CO2,
SOX, NOx
(Short term for a period of
6 months and Local)
Covering of construction material
with sheets while transportation and storage.
Use of water sprinklers.
Personal Protective equipment
for labours.
Project site is inside the existing
industrial complex. No impact on general public.
2. Noise and
Vibration Increase in the noise
levels due to movement
of vehicles and
construction activities.
Vibration due to
movement of vehicles
and construction activities.
(Short term for a period
of 6 months and Local)
Proper service and maintenance of
machines and vehicles to control noise.
Personal protective equipments
for labours.
The impact due to vibration will
be insignificant.
Project site is inside the existing
industrial complex. No impact on general public.
3. Water Water pollution due to
disposal of sewage will
be curtailed with the
existing sewage treatment plant.
(Short term,
Minor, Local)
Proper sanitation facilities in the
construction site as well as labour colony.
Treatment of sewage within BEC
premises.
4. Land Removal of top soil
and change in soil quality.
Soil pollution due to
discharge of sewage
and solid waste onto
land will be curtailed
with the existing
Use of removed soil for
landscaping purposes, improving aesthetics.
Sanitation facilities in the
construction site as well as labour camps.
Treatment and disposal of
sewage and solid waste as per
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Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures
sewage treatment plant.
No change in Land use
pattern as project site is
inside the existing
industrial complex.
(Minor and Local)
Chhattisgarh State Pollution Control Board guidelines.
5. Biological
Flora
Fauna
Disturbance due to increase in noise.
(Short term, Minor and
Local)
Green belt development.
6. Socio-
Economic
Employment of
construction workers
(Direct, Positive)
People from the study area to be
employed as far as possible
7. Occupational
Health and Safety
Auditory ailment due
to noise will be prevented.
Dust emission
(Short term, Minor and
Local)
The use of personal protective
equipments will be made stringent.
Water sprinkling system for dust
generating area.
Operation Phase
1. Air Increase in the air
pollutant concentration
will be addressed
using cyclonic
Separators and Venturi
scrubbers
Dust generation
possibility is minimum
as raw materials
handled are liquids and
product will be bagged
in the existing bagging
plant (Direct, Local,
sustainable)
Use of cyclonic Separators and
Venturi scrubbers to control dust
and fugitive emissions within the
limits of Chhattisgarh State Pollution Control Board.
Personal protective equipments
for labours.
Strict implementation of
Hazardous Waste Rules Act 1989,
while
storage/handling/transportation of hazardous substances.
Regular monitoring of emissions.
2. Noise and
Vibration Increase in the noise
levels will be
minimised by using
Equipments with noise level below 80db
Vibration during
operation of manufacturing unit.
(Direct, Minor
,Local, sustainable)
Equipments with noise level
below 80db only will be used.
Proper service and maintenance of
machines to control noise.
Personal protective equipments
for employees like anti vibration
gloves and ear plugs.
Project site is inside the existing
industrial complex. No impact on general public.
3. Water Insignificant on
groundwater.
Degradation of quality
due to discharge of
sewage and untreated
Proper sanitation facilities in the
plant area.
Treatment of wastewater
The effluent generated from the
manufacturing unit will be reused
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Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures
water will be prevented.
Discharge of effluent
from the manufacturing
unit.
(Indirect, Negative,
Minor, Local, sustainable)
for dilution of phosphoric and
sulphuric acids. There will be no
generation of effluent from the
proposed project. Hence, no
specific mitigation measures are
proposed with respect to this.
Effluent discharge, if any due to
unforeseen circumstances or
process upset shall be treated in
the existing ETP
4. Land Pollution due to
discharge of sewage
waste will be prevented.
Dust generation
possibility is minimum
as raw materials
handled are liquids and
product will be bagged
in the existing bagging
plant (Direct,
Negative, Minor ,
Local, sustainable)
Proper sanitation facilities in the
plant area.
Proper treatment and disposal of
sewage and solid waste as per the
guidelines of Chattisgarh State Pollution Control Board
5. Biological
Flora
Fauna
Disturbance due to increase in noise.
(Minor, Direct, Local
,sustainable)
Operational activities of heavy
machineries and transportation
only in daytime.
Green belt development.
6. Socio-
Economic
Employment to local
people
(Positive, Local)
Proper sanitation facilities within
plant area.
Proper treatment and disposal of
sewage and solid waste as per the guidelines.
Proper handling and management
of hazardous material as per the
Hazardous waste (Management
and Handling) Rules.
7. Occupational
Health and Safety
Auditory ailment due
to noise generated from
the production unit will
be minimised by using
Equipments with noise level below 80db
Accidents due to
handling/storage/
transportation of hazardous materials.
(Local and
sustainable)
Equipments with noise level
below 80db only will be used.
Wearing of personal protective
equipments like gas masks, ear
muffs etc. will be strictly enforced.
Training/awareness programme
about the handling / storage /
transportation of hazardous materials.
Signages showing the hazardous
nature and the method of handling
near storage / handling area of all
the hazardous materials.
First aid training for chemical
/fire hazard related accidents.
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7. Environmental Monitoring Plan
The parameters and respective frequency of monitoring as part of Environmental Monitoring
Plan for both construction and operation phases are tabulated below in Table 5 and 6
Table 5: List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction Phases
Parameter Parameters Frequency Location
Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2
and NOx
Monthly At major construction sites (total
3 stations)
Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly At major construction site and
near generator set
Soil Parameters as per
CPCB
Annual At and near the plant area and
green belt, three locations around
the project site within 200 m distance from the unit.
Water Parameters as per
CPCB standards
Monthly Storm water drainage area, two
ground water location within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur.
Effluent from
STP
pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS
Monthly Inlet and outlet of STP
Table 6: List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction Phases
Parameter Parameters Frequency Location
Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2
and NOx
Monthly At major construction sites (total 3 stations)
Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly At major construction site and
near generator set
Soil Parameters as per
CPCB
Annual At and near the plant area and
green belt, three locations
around the project site within
200 m distance from the unit.
Water Parameters as per
CPCB standards
Monthly Storm water drainage area, two
ground water location within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur.
Effluent from
STP
pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS
Monthly Inlet and outlet of STP
Item Parameters Frequency Location
Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 ,
HC, NH3, CO, VOC and NOx
Monthly Stack, generator set, three
locations within 100 – 200 m of
the project site, two locations
within the plant near the
production units, storage area
for the raw material and
fertilizer, packaging area for fertilizer.
Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly Generator set, three locations
within 100 – 200 m of the
project site, two locations within
the plant near the production
units, storage area for the raw
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Parameter Parameters Frequency Location
material and fertilizer, packaging area for fertilizer.
Ground Water Parameters as per CPCB standards
Thrice a year
Storm water drainage area, two
ground water locations within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur and one in the nearest bore well.
STP pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS
Monthly Before and after treatment from
STP
ETP Parameters as per
CPCB standards
Monthly Before and after treatment from
ETP
Soil pH, moisture content,
texture, organic
matter, chloride, SAR,
CEC, nitrogen,
phosphorous, fluoride, sulphur
Once in a year
Three locations around the
project site within 200 m
distance from the unit.
Occupational
Health
General and
respiratory ailments
check up
Once in a
year
-
8. Project Benefits
The proposed expansion project will lead to the following benefits:
Increase in production of complex fertiliser.
Increase in agricultural productivity due to application of complex fertiliser.
The project will result in the employment opportunities to the unskilled/skilled local
people.
Thereby, the quality of life of the employed people will increase.
9. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
The following plans are proposed under the Environmental Management Plan:
Air Pollution Management Plan
Storm Water Management Plan
Sewage Management Plan
Rainwater Harvesting System
Effluent Management Plan
Solid Waste Management Plan
Hazardous Waste Management Plan
Green Belt Development
Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)
A total capital and recurring cost provision of about INR 203 Lakhs has been kept in the
project cost towards the environmental protection, control and mitigation measures and
implementation of the EMP. The budgetary cost estimate for EMP is given in Table: 7
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Table: 7 Cost Estimate for EMP Budget
S.
No. Items
Approx. Capital
Cost
(Rs. Lakhs)
Recurring
Cost per yr.
(Rs. Lakhs)
1. Water pollution control (Capital cost of STP and
recurring cost of water & effluent quality monitoring)
25 5
2. Air pollution control (Capital cost of stacks and
recurring cost of stack emission monitoring.) 100 28
3. Noise pollution control (Capital cost of DG room
enclosure & acoustic treatment and recurring
cost of noise monitoring.)
5 -
4. Solid wastes management (Capital cost of bins
for solid wastes, storage space for hazardous
wastes and recurring cost of handling &
disposal.)
15 3
5. Rainwater harvesting. 10 -
6. Storm water drainage system. Present drainage
system is available
1
7. Landscaping. 5 1
8. Environmental management (recurring cost of
annual monitoring, hiring of consultants and payment of various statutory fees.)
5
Total 160 43
10. Conclusion
The environmental status of the project site and study area of 10 km radius is delineated with
respect to air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic environment. The different
project activities in the construction and operation phases are identified. To identify the
impacts, the interaction between the project activities and different components of
environment are classified phase wise. A summary of the identified impacts are given in the
following paragraphs.
In the constructional phase, the transportation of construction material could have an impact,
especially on air, noise, vibration, flora and fauna. However, since this project is proposed
adjacent to existing plant inside the existing industrial complex with well-maintained
infrastructure facilities, even this impact is minimal and temporary.
Additional strength of labourers could temporarily increase the pressure on the resources of
the area. During the operational phase, there could be minor change in air quality.
Transportation of raw material, storage and handling of hazardous material and the
production process could cause a temporary disturbance to environment variables which will
be prevented with the proposed mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 4.
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STATUS OF COMPLIANCE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
1. Introduction
The existing unit is located in the notified industrial area of Chhattisgarh, Plot No. 96, CSIDC
Sirgitti Industrial Estate, Tehsil Bilha, District Bilaspur of Chhattisgarh. BEC Bilaspur unit
was established in 1985. BECF propose to do the expansion of their Bilaspur unit to meet the
growing demand of fertilizers.
2. Environmental Clearance for Existing Unit
The Present existing unit was established in the year 1985. At that time environmental
clearance procedure was not in process. So the existing unit has no Environmental clearance
certificate. But the existing unit has Land Allotment Letter (Annexure I) consent to operate
for establishment.
3. Sirgitti Industrial Estate Notification Issued by State government as Annexure- II
4. Air Consent
The authorized renewed consent for air under section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981 from Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board for the existing unit
is in Annexure- III.
5. Water Consent
The authorized renewed consent for water under section 25/26 of the Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 from Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board for the
existing unit is in Annexure- IV.
6. Authorisation for Operating a Facility for Handling of Hazardous Waste
The authorisation letter from Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board for operating a
facility for collection, disposal, generation, reception, storage and Treatment of Hazardous
Wastes under Hazardous waste (Management, Handling and Transboundry Movement) Rules,
2008 is annexed as Annexure-V (a). Also the copy of Registration Certificate-cum-passbook
issued by the State Pollution Control Board to M/S Handa Alloy Steel Industries, Bilaspur,
Chhattisgarh is annexed as Annexure- V (b).
7. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) data sheets for the raw materials used are annexed as
Annexure VI.
8. Power Supply
The agreement copy for power supply with Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board) is annexed
as Annexure-VII.
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9. Copy of Agreement Letter from CSIDC Water Supply Board Authority for the Drawl of
Ground Water
The agreement letter from CSIDC Water Supply Board Authority for the existing unit is
annexed as Annexure-VIII.
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10. Company Environmental Policy. Annexure-IX
11. Compliance Reports Submitted to Pollution Control Board Annexure- X
Land Allotment Letter Annexure- I
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Sirgitti Industrial Estate Notification Issued by State government Annexure- II
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Air Consent Annexure- III
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Water Consent Annexure- IV
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Authorization letter for Handling of Hazardous Waste Annexure- V (a)
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Registration Certificate-cum-Passbook for Refining/Recycling of Hazardous Waste
Annexure- V (b)
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Material Safety Data Sheet for the Raw Materials Used Annexure- VI
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Agreement copy of Power Supply with Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board Annexure-VII
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Copy of Agreement Letter from CSIDC Water Supply Board Authority Annexure -VIII
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Environmental Policy of Company Annexure- IX
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Compliance Statement Annexure- X
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC), Bhilai is a diversified Engineering
manufacturing organization with multidisciplinary facilities. It is engaged in meeting the
engineering challenges of business with a devoted sense of commitment and conviction.
BEC’s main product ranges from design, engineering, manufacturing of steel plant and other core sector equipments for over 40 years, to manufacture and supply of Fertilizer since year
1985. M/s. BEC Fertilizers (BECF) is a unit of M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited
and entered in the business of Manufacturing fertilizers and other Agro-inputs since 1985.
BEC has a unit at Bilaspur (1985) and Pulgaon (2001).
The commercial name of the widely used BEC manufactured fertilizer is “ANAND”.
As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006,
subsequent circular dated 6th February 2007 of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),
New Delhi, the proposed project, falls under ‘Category ‘A’ Project’. Application for prior Environmental Clearance pertaining to the above mentioned proposal was submitted to the
MoEF on 20th April 2015 to obtain the approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for conducting
EIA study. At the 42nd
Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on
16th-17
th June 2015 the proposed project was taken up and ToR was issued on 5
th August
2015.
This EIA Report is prepared based on the TOR issued by EAC to obtain Environmental
Clearance (EC) from MoEF, New Delhi for the proposed project. Copy of the said ToR letter
is enclosed as Appendix-I. BEC Fertilizer Unit has appointed M/s Asian Consulting
Engineers (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi to carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
study of the proposed project.
1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
Need for the proposed expansion of the BEC Bilaspur Unit:
SSP consumption has been increasing steadily during the last decade.
Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh accounts for 45% of SSP consumption in
India, which is major marketing zone for unit based in Bilaspur.
BECF markets its product from existing two units (Bilaspur & Pulgaon) in Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal & Tripura States under "ANAND"
brand which is very well accepted and preferred by farmers for its quality and reliability
since 1985.
Bilaspur Unit will also give BECF a flexibility to meet our eastern zone requirement,
which is presently supplied partly from Pulgaon unit.
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1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT
M/S Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC), Bhilai is a diversified Engineering
manufacturing organisation with multi-disciplinary facilities. It is envisaged in meeting the
engineering challenges of business with a devoted sense of commitment and conviction.
BEC’s main product ranges from design, engineering, manufacturing of steel and other core sector equipments for over 40 years, to manufacture and supply of Fertilizer since 1985.
M/S BEC Fertilizer (BECF) is a unit of M/S Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited and
entered in the business of manufacturing fertilizers and agro-inputs since 1985. BEC has a
unit at Bilaspur (1985) and Pulgaon (2001). Now BECF propose to do the expansion of their
Bilaspur unit to meet the growing demand of fertilizers.
It has proposed to expand manufacturing units for Granulated Fertilizer
(SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer) (4,40,000 TPA), Single/Triple/Boronated Super
Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA), Triple Super Phosphate 1,00,000 TPA and Sulphuric Acid
(1,40,000 TPA) production unit at Sirgitti, CSIDC, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh.
1.4 EIA CONSULTANT
Quality Council of India - National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (QCI-
NABET) accredited, Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. (ACE), New Delhi
(NABET/EIA/10132/012), is the EIA consultant for this project. ACE has provided its
consulting services and has successfully completed projects in India and other countries
including Mongolia, U.A.E., Vietnam, Georgia, Bangladesh etc. ACE has carried out EIA and
EMP studies for Infrastructure and industrial sectors like Chemical Fertilizers; Synthetic
chemicals, Oil & Gas sector etc. and has also been involved in design of water supply,
wastewater management, industrial waste treatment, solid and hazardous wastes management
systems. The quality management system of ACE is ISO 9001:2008 certified.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE EIA STUDY
The purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to identify the possible
impacts due to the proposed project on its surrounding environment and to suggest ways for
mitigating and minimizing impacts. The study also identifies possible beneficial impacts on to
the environment and society after implementation of the project.
1.6 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The proposed project site is located at the plot no.96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial Area,
Bilaspur. The total area of the existing plot is 47.66 acres
Location map is given in Figure 1.1. The detailed layout plan of the proposed project is also
given in Figure 1.2.
The salient features of the project have been summarized in Table 1.1
Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project.
Items Details
Location Plot no. 96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial area, Bilaspur.
Latitude and Latitude : 22° 02’ 30.6” N
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Items Details
Longitude Longitude : 82° 09’ 27.1” E
Plot area 47.66 acres
Proposed production
capacity
Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/.NPK/Customized Fertilizer)–
4,40,000 TPA
Single / Triple / Boronated / Zincated / Super Phosphate – 4,40,000
TPA, Sulphuric Acid – 1,40,000 TPA, Triple Super Phosphate –
1,00,000 TPA
Power requirement
& source
Construction Phase:150 kW
Source: Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)
Operational Phase:
SSP 25 kWh / MT SSP
GSSP 15 kWh / MT SSP
SA 55 kWh / MT SA
Additional 3050 kW
Source – Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)
Total power requirement of proposed plant shall be 3200 KWH.
TG Set (1 Nos.) of 2500 KVA (Condensing Type)
Power backup DG Set (2 Nos.) of 1070 KVA
Water requirement
& source
Construction Phase: 350 kLD
Operational Phase: 1550 kLD
Source: Water supplied by CSIDC Water Supply Authority (from
Arpa River)
ETP Facility Effluent generation from existing unit – 30 m3/day
Effluent generation from proposed unit – 70 m3/day
STP Facility Sewage generation from existing unit – 20 m3/day
Sewage generation from proposed unit – 40 m3/day
Project cost Rs. 75 Cr.
1.7 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The project developer, BEC will ensure that it conforms to all National legislations,
regulations, and conventions, relating to various aspects of chemical and Fertilizer
development in India. Table 1.2 shows list of various applicable Acts and Rules as set by
MoEF, CPCB.
Table 1.2: Applicable Acts and Guidelines for the Proposed Project
Issues Applicable Legislation
Water
1) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974, and amendments thereafter.
2) Water Cess Act, 1977 and amendments thereafter.
Air 3) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
and amendments thereafter.
Hazardous Substances
and Wastes
4) Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules,
2008.
5) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous
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Issues Applicable Legislation
Chemicals 1989 and Amendments thereafter.
Other Issues under the
Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986,
and Rules
6) The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules
1991.
Noise
7) The Environment (Protection) Second Amendment
Rules, 2002 (Noise Limits for New Generator Sets).
8) The Noise (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000.
Figure 1.1: Location Map of the Project Site
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Figure 1.2: Layout Map of the Proposed Project
1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE FOR EXISTING UNIT
The existing unit commenced its operation in the year 1985 and issuance of Environmental
Clearance was not established at that time. Hence, consents related to air, water and
hazardous waste were obtained. The copy of Land Allotment Letter, air consent, water
consent has been annexed in Appendix- II.
1.9 SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY
The scope of the EIA study includes detailed characterization of the existing status of the
terrestrial and marine environment within the 10 km study area around the project site,
identification of the potential environmental impacts of the project, and formulation of an
effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to prevent, control & mitigate any adverse
environmental impacts, and ensuring the environmental compliance. The scope of the EIA in
brief includes:
Establishment of baseline environmental status/condition of the environment in the study
area of 10 km radius around the project site.
Collection and review of available secondary literature/data/information.
Field study, survey and monitoring in the study area for primary data collection.
Study of the project activities in terms of construction and operation to identify the
potential sources/causes of impacts.
Identification and assessment of potential impacts on the environment during construction
and operation phase of the project.
Recommendation of preventive, control and mitigation measures to eliminate/minimize
the adverse impacts.
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Formulation of an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to ensure the
implementation of mitigation measures for environmental sustainability.
1.10 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY
1.10.1 Approach of the EIA Study
The EIA study includes delineation of the baseline conditions of the project site and its study
area of 10 km (around the project site). Based on the baseline conditions and the project
activities (both construction and operation phases), the potential impacts (both positive and
adverse) are identified. For the identified potential impacts, mitigation measures to negate
the potential adverse impacts and enhancement measures to enhance the positive impacts are
proposed. The proposed control measures are charted out in detail in the Environmental
Management Plan. The entire EIA study has been carried out on the basis of the applicable
environmental legislation, regulations and guidelines of MoEF.
1.10.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Condition
A comprehensive database on the baseline environmental status/conditions of the study area
has been established through review, compilation and analysis of:
Existing secondary data/ literature/ information collected, and
Primary data collected through field study, survey and monitoring
1.10.3 Collection of Secondary Data
Besides inputs from the client on relevant information about the project, available relevant
secondary data/ information/ records and published literature with respect to the environment
of the study area has been collected, reviewed and analyzed to provide the overview and
details of the study area.
Geology & topography of the study area including geological setting, topography and
Seismicity.
Land use and Land cover pattern was delineated by processing and analyzing the satellite
imagery.
Meteorological data consisting of parameters like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall,
cloud cover, wind speed and wind direction, and weather phenomena were collected and
analyzed.
Flora and fauna data from existing literature of Forests Departments, Botanical Survey of
India, Zoological Survey of India, earlier studies conducted in the area and field survey.
Environmentally Sensitive Areas: The details about the ecologically sensitive areas like
forests, wetlands, mangroves, important lakes, biosphere reserves, national parks and
wildlife sanctuaries within 10 km of the project site have been given in Chapter 3.
Other Features: The distance of the project site from the nearest highways, railway lines
and airports has been established. Sites/places of archaeological, historical and national
importance, places/sites of cultural, religious and tourist interests, defense installations,
etc., within a radius of 10 km of the project site have also been explored.
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1.10.4 Field Study/Monitoring for Generation of Primary Data
The secondary data collected has been appropriately supplemented by conducting the
necessary primary data collections through field study/monitoring for one season. The studies
which were conducted are listed below:
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: For drawing up the baseline status of ambient air quality
in the study area, ambient air quality monitoring was conducted in the representative
locations. The parameters namely Particulate Matter 10 (PM10), Particulate Matter 2.5
(PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were analyzed.
Noise Monitoring: To establish the ambient noise condition in the study area, ambient noise
level monitoring has been carried out at representative locations in the study area using a
suitable portable sound level meter over a period of twenty-four hours to obtain day and night
time Leq.
Water Quality Monitoring: To identify the water quality in and around the study area,
water samples were collected from the representative locations (both ground water and
surface water) and were analyzed for their physico-chemical characteristics.
Soil Monitoring: To study the soil characteristics in the study area, soil samples from
representative locations in the study area were collected and analyzed to identify the physico-
chemical characteristics of the soil.
1.10.5 Environmental Impact Assessment
The environmental assessment has been conducted in accordance with the norms and
guidelines of the Govt. of India. The project data/activities has been analyzed & linked with
the existing baseline environmental conditions in order to list out the affected environmental
parameters and assess the likely impacts on such parameters. Wherever practicable, a
quantitative analysis has been performed. Compliance of the project with national standards
has been duly checked.
1.10.6 Preparation of Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure negligible impact to the
environment due to the proposed project. The desired results of the environmental mitigation
measures proposed in the project may not be obtained without a management plan to ensure
its proper implementation & function. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper
implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the
project activities. EMP has been prepared addressing the issues like:
Pollution control/mitigation measures for abatement of the undesirable impacts caused
during the construction and operation stage.
Details of management plans (Landscape plan, Solid waste management plan etc.).
Institutional set up identified/recommended for implementation of the EMP.
Post project environmental monitoring programmed to be undertaken.
Expenditures for environmental protection measures and budget for EMP.
1.11 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)
The point wise compliance report to ToR Table 1.3
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Table 1.3: Point Wise Compliance to the Approved Terms of Reference (TOR)
S.No. TOR Point Compliance of TOR
Chapter No. Page No. Section No. Title
1 Details on requirement of energy and water
along with its source and authorization from
concerned department 1
2
1-3
2-3
2-4
20
1.6
2.3
2.6
Brief Description of Project
Salient Features of the Project
Power Requirement and Back-up
Facilities
Annexure VII & VIII
2 Energy Conservation in ammonia synthesis for
urea production and comparison with best
technology
Not Applicable
3 Details of ammonia storage and risk assessment
thereof. Not Applicable
4 Measures for control of urea dust emissions
from prilling tower. Not Applicable
5 Measures for reduction of fresh water
requirement.
2 2-11
2-13
2.8
2.8.1 (B)
Water Balance or Water
Requirement
Water Recycle
6 Details of proposed source-specific pollution
control schemes and equipments to meet the
national standards for fertilizer.
2 2-17 2.12 Air Pollution Control Systems
7 Details of Fluorine Recovery System in case of
Phosphoric Acid Plant and SSP to recover
2 2-5 2.7 Process Description
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S.No. TOR Point Compliance of TOR
Chapter No. Page No. Section No. Title
fluorine as Hydrofluoro Silicic Acid (H2SiF6)
and its uses
8 Management plan for solid/hazardous waste
including storage, utilization and disposal of
bye products viz. Chalk, spent catalyst, Hydro
Fluoro Silicic Acid and Phosphor Gypsum,
Sulphur muck, etc.
2
2-16
2-19
9
2.11
Solid and Hazardous Waste
Generation and Disposal
Storage and Disposal Details of
Hazardous Waste
Annexure- V (a)
9 Details on existing ambient air quality for PM10,
PM2.5, Urea dust, NH3*, SO2*, NOx*, HF*, F*,
Hydrocarbon (Methane and non-Methane) and
expected stack and fugitive emissions and
evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed
pollution. Control devices to meet standards for
point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (*as
applicable)
3
2
3-24
2-17
5
3.8.1
2.12
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Table 2.4 Air Pollution Emission
and Control system
Annexure III
10 Details on water quality parameters in and
around study area such as pH, Total Kjeldhal
Nitrogen, Free Ammonical Nitrogen, free
ammonia, Cyanide, Vanadium, Arsenic,
Suspended Solids, Oil and Grease, *Cr as Cr+6,
*Total Chromium, Fluoride, et
3
3-17
7
3.6 Water Environment
Annexure IV
Additional ToR
11 The Committee exempted the public hearing as
per Section 7 (i), III Stage (3) Para (i) b of EIA
Notification 2006 as project is located in the
The Project falls under Sirgitti Industrial Area, Bilaspur and hence is exempted from
public hearing.
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S.No. TOR Point Compliance of TOR
Chapter No. Page No. Section No. Title
Notified industrial area
12 A separate chapter on status of compliance of
Environmental Conditions by State/Centre to be
provided. As per circular dated 30th May 2012
issued by MoEF a certified by RO,MoEF on
status of compliance of condition on existing
unit to be provided in EIA-EMP report.
1 Status of Compliance of
Environmental Conditions
In addition to the Specific TOR and Additional TOR, the EIA/EMP Report will also consider the applicable points of “Generic Terms of Reference” in respect
of the Industry Sector.
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Appendix- I
Terms of Reference Issued by MoEF
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1. Land Allotment Letter Appendix II
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2. Air Consent
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3. Water Consent
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4. Hazardous Waste Authorization
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
The project is basically the Expansion of SSP, GSSP, and Sulphuric Acid Plant within the
existing Fertilizer complex of BEC, Bilaspur, Sirgitti Industrial Area. The expansion project
will not cause any change in the land use, land cover or topography since the facility is being
built inside the existing facility only. The layout map of the proposed expansion unit is given
in Figure 2.1.
2
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Figure 2.1: Layout Map showing the Proposed Expansion Unit
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2.2 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT LOCATION
The justification of the project location lies in the fact that the proposed expansion of
Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer) (4,40,000 TPA),
Single/Triple/Boronated/Zincated Super Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA) and Sulphuric Acid
(1,40,000 TPA) facility is being developed inside the plant premises and adjacent to the
existing fertilizer plant. The existing fertilizer plant is also having necessary facilities such as
railway siding (BEC does not have own railway siding but nearby railway siding is available),
well developed roads, and truck unloading facilities, facilities for rain water collection etc.
which substantiate the proposed site location. Bilaspur Unit will also give BECF a flexibility
to meet the eastern zone requirement.
2.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
The salient features of the project include the site location, type of project, capacity, nearby
features and the eco-sensitive regions in and around the study region. Table 2.1 briefly
describes the salient features of the Project.
Table 2.1: Salient Features of the Project
Items Details
Project Capacity Enhancement of Fertilizer Production Unit
Location Sirgitti Industrial Area, Bilaspur
Latitude: 09° 58’ 33.2” °N
Longitude: 76° 21’ 49.9” °E
Total BEC plant area 47.66 acres (Total Plant Area)
12.15 acres (Existing Plant)
11.40 acres (Area for future expansion)
18.35 acres (Green cover)
Area allotted for the
proposed expansion
11.40 acres
Nearby features
(Aerial distance)
Factory – Narmada Drinks situated at around ½ km from the factory
premises.
Highways- NH 200 – 5 Km
Railways- Bilaspur Railway Station – 5 km
Airport - Chakrabhata Airport - 7 km
Residential Area - 2 km away from the plant area
Power requirement and
source
Existing: 0.7 MW and Proposed: 3.2 MW
Source: CSEB
Power backup (DG Sets) DG Sets: 2 nos. of D. G. sets of capacity 1070 KVA are available to
meet emergency power requirement of the plant.
01 No. TG Set (Condensing Type) of 2500 KVA shall be installed to
generate power with available Surplus team from Sulphuric Acid
plant.
Water requirement and
source
Construction phase: 350 KLD
Operation phase: 1550 KLD
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Items Details
Source: CSIDC Water Supply System (from Arpa River)
ETP Facility Effluent generation from existing unit – 30 m3/day
Effluent generation &capacity of proposed unit – 100 m3/day
STP Facility Sewage water generation from existing unit – 20 m3/day
Sewage water generation from proposed unit – 40 m3/day
Project cost Rs.75 Cr.
2.4 RAW MATERIALS USED
Sulphur, Rock Phosphate, Sulphuric acid, Phosphoric acid are the raw materials required for
the manufacturing of the complex fertilizer products such as Sulphuric acid, SSP, TSP,
Boronated Single Super Phosphate. Details of the raw materials required for the proposed
project is as per below Table 2.2
Table 2.2: Raw Materials Required for Project
Sl. No. Raw materials Existing
(MTPA)
Proposed
(MTPA)
1 Sulphur 13,500 47,000
2 Rock Phosphate 78,000 2,46.000
3 Sulphuric Acid (Con. 98%) 50,000 1,58,000
4 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5 100% basis) - 36,000
2.5 SOURCING OF RAW MATERIALS
Sulphur is not available in sufficient quantity indigenously. In India it is procured
from Oil Refineries but major quantity shall be imported from Iran, Iraq, and Saudi
Arabia etc. Upto India transported by Sea and then by road.
Rock Phosphate in India is not available to meet requirement fully. It will be partly
procured from M/s RSMML Udaipur but major quantity shall be procured from
Jordan, Egypt, Syria, Morocco, Israel etc. Upto India transported by Sea and then by
road.
Sulphuric Acid required shall be met through own production. BECF is having
already plant of Sulphuric Acid (Cap. 40,000 TPA). It is proposing to install another
plant (Cap. 1, 00,000 TPA) in the existing premises to meet the future requirements.
If required, Sulphuric Acid shall be procured indigenously also.
Phosphoric Acid shall be procured partly from Indian manufacturers and will be
transported by roadways but major quantity shall be imported from various sources
which will be transported by sea upto India followed by roadways.
2.6 POWER REQUIREMENT AND BACK-UP FACILITY
Power requirement Existing: 0.7 MW, Proposed: 3.2 MW
Power Source Chattisgarh State Electricity Board
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Electrical substation existing 1500 KVA Capacity
Electrical substation to be
installed
4000 KVA Capacity
Power Backup (DG Set) 02 Nos. of D.G. sets of capacity 1070 KVA are
available to meet emergency power requirement.
TG Set Existing 01 No. TG Set (Condensing type) 625 KVA
TG Set proposed 01 No. TG Set (Condensing type) of 2500 KVA shall
be installed to generate power with available surplus
steam from Sulphuric Acid
2.7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Sulphuric Acid
Sulphur is the basic raw material for the production of Sulphuric Acid. Sulphuric acid
produced in the plant shall be utilized for manufacturing Single Super Phosphate Fertilizer.
Raw material consumption
Sulphur - 335 Kg PMT of Sulphuric Acid.
The major steps involved in the process are as follows:
01. Sulphur melting and purification.
02. Sulphur combustion.
03. Waste heat recovery to generate steam.
04. Catalytic conversion of SO2 to SO3
05. Absorption of SO3 to produce Sulphuric Acid.
Sulphuric acid is manufactured by contact process using DCDA (Double conversion &
double absorption) technology, which is latest and most efficient today. Following chemical
reactions take place in the process.
01. S+O2 = SO3
02. SO2 + ½ O2 = SO3
03. SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
DETAILS OF EXISTING SULPHURIC ACID STORAGE TANK
Numbers : 03
Capacity : 750 MT (each)
Dia : 08 Mtr.
Height : 8.15 Mtr.
Number : 01
Capacity : 100 MT
Dia : 04 Mtr
Height : 4.25 Mtr
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STORAGE TANK DETAILS FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION
1. PHOSPHORIC ACID TANK: 02 Nos, capacity -500 MT each
Dia -08 Mtr. Height -5.5 Mtr.
MOC-Mid Steel Rubber lined
2. SULPHURIC ACID TANK: 03 Nos, capacity -1500 MT each
MOC-Mild Steel
Dia -12 Mtr
Height-7.2 Mtr
Manufacturing Process
Sulphur used as raw material is in solid form, which is first converted into liquid form using
steam. It is purified in the settling pit before sending to furnace for combustion. In the
Furnace, Sulphur burns with air to form Sulphur Dioxide. As the process is Exothermic so
temperature of the gases in the furnace rises to above 1000ºC.
Hot gases from the furnace are cooled in the waste heat boiler (01) to produce steam. Gases
after cooling are filtered and sent to convertor. In the convertor SO2 gets converted into SO3
in presence of catalyst (Vanadium Pent oxide).SO3 gases after third pass, are further sent to
intermediate absorption tower where SO3 gases are absorbed in directly with water to form
Sulphuric Acid. Unconverted gases are again sent to fourth pass of the convertor to convert
remaining gases to SO3. SO3 is again absorption in the final absorption tower to form
Sulphuric Acid. Finally gases from absorption tower are let-out to atmosphere through stack.
Sulphuric acid produced is further cooled in the cooler before being sent to Acid storage
tanks.
Alkali Scrubber
SO2 in the stack gases are maintained as per the norms prescribed. During plant start-up SO2
in the exit gases may rise above norms, so it is treated in the Alkali scrubber with caustic
solution to form Sodium Sulphide. And clean gases are let-out to atmosphere through
Chimney.
Reaction
2NaOH + SO2 = Na2SO3 + H2O
The flow chart for the production of Sulphuric acid is given in Figure 2.2.
Specifications of Sulphuric Acid - Technical Grade (IS 266:1993)
1 Total acidity (As H2SO4) 98%
2 Residue on ignition. 0.2%
3 Iron (As Fe) 0.05%
4 Chloride (As Cl) -
5 Lead (As Pb) 0.005%
6 Arsenic (As) 0.004%
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Figure 2.2: Flow Chart showing the Manufacturing Process of Sulphuric Acid
Single Super Phosphate
Single Super Phosphate (SSP) manufacturing is a simple process. By digesting the Rock
Phosphate with Sulphuric Acid it is produced. During the reaction the insoluble Phosphates
are converted into water soluble phosphates thus when SSP is applied in field the Phosphates
are readily available in the soil and absorbed by plants for its growth.
Raw material consumption (PMT of SSP)
A) Rock Phosphate - 560 Kg.
B) Sulphuric Acid (Conc. 98%) - 360 Kg.
Manufacturing process
Rock Phosphate is ground to fine powder (90% of 100mesh) in a Milling section and it is
conveyed through Screw Conveyor and Bucket Elevator to the Mixer where reactions take
place. Parallely Sulphuric acid, water and recycled Flouro Silicic Acid liquor are also added
in the mixer in a pre-determined ratio. The Rock Phosphate, Acid and dilution liquor react
together in the Mixer (Reactor) to produce single Super Phosphate.
1. Chemical reaction
Reaction - I
CaF2.3 [Ca3{Po4}3] + 7H2SO4 + 3H2O 3CaH4 (PO4)2-H2O + 2HF + 7CaSO4 +
2H2O
Rock Phosphate Sulphuric Acid Single Super Phosphate Gypsum
Reaction - II
4HF + 3SiO2 + H2O SiO2.H2O + 2H2SiF6
Silica Sodium Silico-fluoride
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As a result of reaction, fluorine containing gas is generated and by using a scrubber blower
continuously the gases are sucked in closed circuit and sent to gas Scrubbing Section.
The produced Single Super Phosphate (SSP) in a semi solid mass is conveyed through a
moving reactor called Den and solidifies. SSP it is cut by a revolving cutter to a powdery
mass and conveyed to the product yard for curing. Product is packed in 50 Kg. bags.
Process flow diagram for manufacturing of Single Super Phosphate is attached as Figure 2.4
below.
Specification of SSP
As per FCO (Fertilizer Control Order) Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India has
amended
Specifications of Single Super Phosphate (Powder) / G.S.S.P. effective from 10.05.2011.
1 Moisture, percent by weight, maximum 12.0
2 Free Phosphoric acid (As P2O5), percent by weight maximum 4.00
3 Water soluble phosphates (As P2O5) percent by weight minimum 14.50
4 Citrate soluble phosphates (As P2O5) % by wt minimum 16.00
5 Sulphur (As S), percent by weight, minimum 11.00
Boronated Single Super Phosphate (BSSP)
Manufacturing process of BSSP is same as that of SSP. It shall also be manufactured in the
existing SSP plant. Rock Phosphate and Sulphuric are the main raw material for
manufacturing SSP. For BSSP Sodium Borate Penta hydrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O) is added extra
as per the requirement along with water in the Mixer. The remaining process is same.
Boron is a micronutrient, which is also necessary for the growth of plants to increase the
yield. As per FCO (Fertilizer Control Order), the Boron contained in the BSSP should be
0.15% to 0.20%. Above 10 Kg/MT of Sodium Borate is added to get desired Boron in the
product. BECF shall manufacture Boronated SSP also in the existing SSP plant.
Specifications of BSSP (Powder) as per FCO
I Moisture, per cent by weight, maximum 12.0
II Free Phosphoric acid (As P22O5) per cent by weight,
maximum
4.0
III Water soluble phosphate (As P2O5), per cent by
weight, minimum
16.0
IV Boron (As B), percent by weight maximum 0.15 to 0.20
Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)
Triple Super Phosphate is manufactured by digesting rock phosphate with phosphoric acid.
Manufacturing process of TSP is same as of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) except Phosphoric
acid used for TSP in place of Sulphuric Acid used for SSP. TSP is considered as the
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concentrated form of Single Super Phosphate. Consequently, TSP can also be manufactured
in the existing SSP plant. BECF proposes to manufacture TSP also in the existing and
proposed SSP plant. Process flow diagram for manufacturing of Triple Super Phosphate is
attached as Figure: 2.3.
Figure: 2.3 Flow diagram for manufacturing of Triple Single Super Phosphate.
Raw Material consumption (PMT of TSP)
A) Rock Phosphate 460 Kgs
B) Phosphoric Acid (P2O5 100%) 360 Kgs.
Chemical reaction
Reaction - I
CaF2.3 [Ca3{Po4}3] + 14H3PO4 + 3H2O 10CaH4 (PO4)2 + 2HF
Rock Phosphate Phosphoric Acid Triple Super Phosphate
Reaction - II
4HF + 3SiO2 + H2O SiO2.H2O + 2H2SiF6
Silica Sodium Silico-fluoride
Specification of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)
1 Moisture, percent by weight, maximum 12.0
2 Free Phosphoric acid (As P2O5), percent by weight maximum 3.00
3 Water soluble phosphates (As P2O5) percent by weight minimum 42.50
4 Total phosphates (As P2O5) % by wt minimum 46.00
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Granulated Fertilizer (GSSP/TSP/NPK/Customized)
The granulation plant is a multi product unit where one or many of the individual fertilizers
viz, Urea, TSP DAP, SSP, MOP, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Sulphur, Iron, etc are
mixed together in a predetermined ratio and they are broken down and blended to make
homogeneous mass. This mass is fed into granulator where required quantity of water is
added to moist the mass and rotated in a drum called ‘Granulator’. As a result of this the powdered mass is converted into granules of various sizes. The wet granules are passed
through a rotating dryer drum where hot air generated from a furnace is passed through the
mass. At the end of the dryer drum dried granules are received and it is fed into a cooler drum
where atmospheric air is passed from the opposite direction to cool the material. The cooled
granules are screened in vibrating screens to segregate product size, oversize & undersize
particles. The oversize granules are crushed and along with undersize material it is fed back to
granulator for onward granulation. In the whole process no chemical reaction takes place as it
is a simple physical crushing and mixing and granulating process using suitable machineries.
To produce granulated SSP, only SSP Powder will be the raw material. For NPK Mixture
manufacture Urea, DAP, SSP, MOP, etc are the raw materials. For Customized Fertilizers, in
addition to the above, micro nutrients viz, Boron, Zinc & the other cation minerals in very
small quantities will be added in the granulation process.
Process flow diagram of SSP/GSSP Fertilizer is attached as Figure– 2.4
Figure 2.4: Manufacturing Process Flow diagram for SSP/GSSP
Specification of GSSP
1 Moisture, percent by weight, maximum 5.0
2 Free Phosphoric acid (As P2O5), percent by weight maximum 4.00
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3 Water soluble phosphates (As P2O5) percent by weight
minimum
14.50
4 Citrate soluble phosphates (As P2O5) % by wt minimum 16.00
5 Sulphur (As S), percent by weight, minimum 11.00
6 Particle size
Not less than 90 % of the material shall pass through 4 mm IS sieve and shall
be retained on 1 mm IS sieve. Not more than 5 % shall pass through 1 mm IS
sieve.
Sodium Silico Fluoride (By-Product)
The hydrogen fluoride gas generated in the Single Super Phosphate plant is absorbed in the
scrubber section using water to convert into Hydro Fluoro Silicio Acid. This acid is pumped
out from the settling tank of the venturi and received at Sodium Silico Fluoride Plant. The
production facilities are installed in most of the SSP plants mainly to convert the liquid
effluent (H2SiF6) in to a salable by-product. Hence it is primarily a pollution control process
to treat the liquid effluent. Here the acidic fluoric acid is reacted with Soda Ash solution to
neutralize it to generate Sodium Silico Fluoride crystals and neutral water.
H2SiF6(l) + Na2CO3(aq) Na2SiF6(C) + H2O(l) CO2(g)
Fluoro Silicio Acid is received in a rubber lined Mild Steel reactor. This reactor is calibrated
one and fitted with an agitator. In a row two such reactors are installed. While one is under
reaction process the other is made ready for next batch. Separately in a Soda Ash solution
preparation tank Soda Ash is dissolved in fresh water and the concentration is analyzed.
Metered quantity of soda ash solution is slowly added into the reactor while the liquor is
under agitation. The acid is neutralized by the alkaline soda solution and sodium silico
fluoride crystals separate from the solution. The pH of the reaction mass is checked and when
pH reaches neutrality soda addition is stopped. After thorough agitation the solution is
allowed to settle. The clear top solution (water) is decanted and the settled mass is taken to a
centrifuge to separate water from the SSF crystal.
The wet mass is dried in a tray dryer and finally packed in 50 kg bag after quality analysis and
approval. The collected water from centrifuge and reactors is stored and used in SSP plant for
dilution of H2SO4.
Specification of Sodium Silico Fluoride
1 Technical Grade White Crystalline Powder
2 Purity (On dry basis) Min. percent 98.00
3 Moisture (Min. percent) 1.00
4 Insoluble (Max. percent) 1.00
2.8 WATER BALANCE OR WATER REQUIREMENT
The water requirement the proposed plant is mainly for the essential purpose of equipment
cooling as well as for drinking, sanitary and fire fighting purposes. The total water demand
for the project is about 30 m3/day which will be met through CSIDC (Chhattisgarh State
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Industrial Development Corporation). The raw water requirement and water balance diagram
for the existing unit and proposed expansion unit is given in Figure 2.5 and 2.6
Figure 2.5: Water Balance Diagram for the Existing Unit.
Figure 2.6: Water Balance Diagram for the Expansion Unit
2.8.1 Water Requirement breakup for the Proposed Unit
(A) Water consumption
(a) Sulphuric Acid Plant Cu.M./MT Qty (Cub. Meter)
I Process 0.2 85
Ii RO Plant 0.3 125
iii Cooling Tower (Make-up) 1.4 600
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(b) Turbo generator (Condn.)
i. Cooling Tower (Make-up) 20 Cu.M/Hr 480
(c) SSP / TSP
I Process 0.2 280
Ii Scrubber (Make-up) 0.1 140
(d) Granulation Plant 0.05 70
(e) Misc. (Domestic, Floor Washings etc) - 40
Total 1820
(B) Water recycle
i. R.O. plant (Waste water) 35% 45
Ii. Cooling Tower (Bleed water) 20% 225
Total 270
(C) Total water requirement (A-B) : 1550 Cu. M./Day
2.9 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
The Sewage generated due to domestic activities is disposed through septic tank following by
soak pit for treating only the domestic effluent. Looking at the future expansion of the
industry STP of capacity of 40 KL/day has been proposed. Presently 20 m3/day of domestic
sewage is generated and after the proposed expansion 40 m3/day of domestic sewage will be
generated. Table below shows quantity of sewage generated and its disposal. Existing Unit
sewage management flow diagram is in Figure 2.7
Water Consumption
Activities
Existing
Waste Water
Generation
(m3/day)
Proposed
Waste Water
Generation
(m3/day)
Disposal Methods
Domestic 20 40
Sewage generated due to
domestic activities will
be disposed through
septic tank following by
soak pit. Later stage
Sludge will be dried and
used as natural fertilizer.
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Figure: 2.7 Schematic Flow Diagram of STP.
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2.10 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
In the BEC plant, effluent water from cooling towers bleed, boiler blow down and RO plant
of Sulphuric Acid plant is recycled and utilized fully in the SSP / TSP Plants for processing.
Floor washing and spillages generated from the unit are to be collected and taken through an
exclusive pipe line to the ETP. The capacity of the existing ETP is 60 KL. Figure 2.8
illustrates the existing Effluent Treatment Plant at the Plant site.
Figure 2.8: Schematic Diagram of the existing ETP
Effluent generated from the existing plant is 30 m3/day whereas from the proposed plant 100
m3/day of waste water to be generated. Below table gives the break -up of effluent generated
and its management.
Water
Consumption
Activities
Existing Waste
Water Generation
(m3
/day)
Proposed Waste
Water Generation
(m3
/day)
Disposal Methods
Processing 20 70
All the effluent water
from cooling towers
bleed, boiler blow down
and RO plant of
Sulphuric Acid plant
shall be recycled and
utilized fully in the
SSP/TSP plants for
processing.
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Water
Consumption
Activities
Existing Waste
Water Generation
(m3
/day)
Proposed Waste
Water Generation
(m3
/day)
Disposal Methods
Washing+ Floor
Cleaning 10 30
Floor washing and
spillages are collected
and taken through an
exclusive pipe line to the
final ETP.
2.11 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL
During manufacturing process of Sulphuric Acid, SSP, TSP fertilizer and granulation of
SSP/TSP fertilizers, following solid / hazardous will be generated, which will be disposed as
detailed below on the basis of guidelines provided by Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation
Board (CECB). Proper precautions will be in place for storage and transportation of
hazardous chemicals. List of Solid & Hazardous waste generation and its disposal is given in
Table 2.3.
Table 2.3: Solid and Hazardous Wastes Generation and its Mode of Disposal.
Sl.
No.
Name of
waste
Quantity
Category of
Hazardous
Waste
(Schedule - I)
Mode of disposal
1 E.T.P. Sludge 1 MT/month 34.3 Will be dried, screened and
recycled in product as filler.
2 Used oil 50 Litres /year 5.1 Sold to MoEF/CECB approved
hazardous waste management
facility.
3 Empty
Containers
50No./annum 33.3 Sold to MoEF/CECB approved
hazardous waste management
facility.
4 Sulphur
Sludge
62 MT/year 17.1 Collected and stored in
hazardous waste storage area. It
will be used in the SSP
production process as modifier.
5 Catalyst
(V2O5)
200 L/year 17.2 Collected and stored in
hazardous waste storage area
and then sold off to
MoEF/CECB approved
hazardous waste management
facility.
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The ETP sludge generated dried on concrete floor and used as modifier in SSP Plant.
2.12 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Details of Air Pollution Emissions and its control system is enumerated in the Table 2.4.
Table 2.4: Air Pollution emission and Control System
Sr.
No.
Stack Attached
to
Height from
ground (m)
Diameter
(m)
Air Pollution
Control system
Expected
pollutants
1 Flue Gas Stack - - - -
Granulation Plant 15 meter 600 mm Twin Cyclone SPM, SO2, NOx
2 Process Stack
(A) SSP Plant at Den
Outlet
30 meter 1000 mm Cyclone
separator Multi
stage scrubber
system with
venturi and
spraying towers
SPM, Fluorine
(B) Acid Plant at final
absorption tower
30 meter 1000 mm Alkali scrubber,
demister and
mis-eliminators
SO2, Acid mist
Air Scrubbing System
The scrubbing system consists of a pre-neutralizer / granulator fume scrubber, drier
scrubber and cooler scrubber.
All the scrubbers are venturi-cyclonic type and the drier and cooler scrubbers have built-
in venturi cones, whereas the fume scrubber has the venturi cone mounted externally.
Fresh phosphoric acid is taken in the fume scrubber sump tank and the overflow from this
tank flows to the scrubber seal tank of dryer and cooler scrubbers.
In the seal tank of dryer and cooler scrubbers, process water is also introduced.
Dust laden air from the dryer, cooler and equipment vent pass through the cyclones where
a major portion of the dust is separated before being scrubbed in the dryer and cooler
scrubbers respectively.
Fumes from the pre-neutralizer and granulator are scrubbed in the fume scrubber. Each
scrubber is provided with a fan for creating the required draft.
The scrubbed gases from the dryer and cooler scrubbers are let out to the atmosphere after
passing through knockout chambers with spray water arrangement where entrained
phosphoric acid droplets are removed when the gases pass through a wetted packed
section.
The liquid effluent drains by gravity from the knockout chamber to the sump tank
/scrubber seal tank for recycling in manufacturing process.
STACK DETAILS:
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SULPHURIC ACID PLANT 01 No, Height -30 Mtr
MOC-Mild Steel
SINGLE SUPER PHOSPHATE PLANT 01 No. (Scrubber Section), Height-30 Mtr.
MOC-Mild Steel rubber lined
01No. (Grinding Mill section),
Height-30 Mtr.
MOC-Mild Steel rubber lined
GRANULATION PLANT 01 No. (Dryer Chimni), Height-30 Mtr
MOC-Mild Steel
01 No. (Cooler Chimini), Height -30 Mtr
MOC-Mild Steel
EXISTING SULPHURIC ACID PLANT (POLLUTION CONTROL)
01. Drying tower demister pad
Type - Mesh pad
Capacity - To arrest 7, 3 Micron mist
No. - 01 No.
Location - After drying tower
02. Final Absorption Tower
Type - Mesh pad
Capacity - To separate 7, 3 Micron mist
No. - 01 No.
Location - After final absorption tower
03. Mist Eliminator Candle
Type - Special fiber candle
Capacity - To arrest acid mist
+ 3 micron 99% efficiency
-3 micron 98% efficiency
No. - 04
Location - After intermediate absorption tower
04. Alkali Scrubber
Type - Packed alkali tower with caustic soda
circulation arrangement
Capacity - Sufficient for 25000 Mg. M3 SO2 emission
No. - 01
Location - After final absorption tower
05. Stack
No. - 01
MOC - Mild steel
Dia - 600 mm
Height - 30 Mtrs.
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Gas flow rate - 11000 NM3/Hr.
Velocity - 6 Mtr/Sec.
Temperature - 50 Cg.
EXISTING SINGLE SUPER PHOSPHATE PLANT (POLLUTION CONTROL)
Mill Section:
Dust collector and cyclone unit - 03 Nos.
Qty - 03 Nos. each
Location - Grinding Mill Section
Capacity - To arrest 300 Micron dust particles
Gas Scrubbing Section
Triple stage venture scrubber – 01 No. capacity, sufficient to emit fluorine below 25 Mg.
NM3.
Rotatory Den
Qty - 01 No.
Location - After double shaft mixer
Capacity - To arrest fugitive emission
Stack
Qty - 01
Dia - 800 mm
MOC - MSRL
Height - 30 Mtrs
Flow rate - 17000 NM3/Hr.
Velocity - 6 Mt. /Sec.
Temp - 50 Kg. Cg.
EXISTING GRANULATION PLANT (POLLUTION CONTROL)
Twin Cyclonic Separator
Qty - 02
MOC - Mild steel
Stack
Qty - 02
Dia - 600 mm
MOC - Mild steel
Height - 300 Mtrs.
STORAGE & DISPOSAL DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
A. Sulphuric Acid Plant
1. Sulphur Muck-In the manufacturing process raw material solid sulphur is converted
into molten sulphur by way of indirect heating through steam coils in sulphur pits.
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The contamination & impurities get settle by gravity at the bottom of sulphur pits
which is removed periodically by manual process. The generated muck is transported
with trolleys & stores in designated concrete platform. Later on sulphur muck in
lumps form is crushed in a jaw crusher to required size and recycled by blending with
rock phosphate raw material in Single Super Phosphate as filter. The total quantity of
this Sulphur sludge is 62 MT/yr.
2. Spent Catalyst-The sulphuric acid manufacturing process is a catalytic reaction
process. The sulphur-dioxide grasses are converted into sulphur tri oxide in presence
of vanadium penta oxide catalyst. The spent catalyst is stored in mild steel closed
drum inside polythene bags. It is being dispose by selling to the license holder parties
as per the prescribed rubles. The details of the parties are as follows.
a. Refracast Ltd. Raipur and b. Handa Alleys, Sirgitti Bilaspur
The total amount of Vanadium penta oxide catalyst dust generated is 200 L/yr.
B. Single Super Phosphate Plant: In manufacturing process precipitated solid silica is
generated in Fluorine gas scrubber,Which is stored in confined concrete silica lagoon.
Later on it is dried crushed & screened and recycled back in final product as filler.
H2SIF6 (Hydro Floro Silicic Acid) effluent is generated during scrubbing in
manufacturing of single Super Phosphate which is treated with Soda Ash to produce
Sodium Sillico Flouride by product.
C. Spent Oil: We are available with 750 KVA DG Set an emergency standby power back
up. The DG set is run occasionally only in case when CSEB power supply is not
available. The Spent oil is recycled for lubrication in chain drive equipments in plant. The
total volume of spent oil generated in the plant is 50 L/yr.
2.13 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR WORKERS
The existing system of Occupational Health and Safety is capable of catering to the needs,
arising from the proposed expansion.
2.13.1 Safety Training
Training programme is conducted by BEC Bilaspur. Training in all disciplines is organized
on a regular basis. The training, which is of 1 to 2 days duration, is imparted in batches of 20
to 30 employees drawn from different departments/ different divisions. New employees are
given induction training in Safety. Personnel from operation/maintenance are regularly
deputed for training depending on the need. A record of personnel who had undergone
training in safety aspects is also maintained.
2.13.2 Safety Inspection
Safety inspection is an important activity in locating unsafe acts / unsafe conditions which can
cause accidents. A good Safety Inspection System can contribute to a great extent in reducing
the accidents. There is a good Plant Safety Inspection programme in BEC Regular inspection
by Manager (Safety) and Safety Officers is being done. If any unsafe condition/act is noticed
same is brought to the notice of concerned persons and followed up till necessary action is
taken.
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Safety is primarily the responsibility of the Management. Care should be exercised to see that
more Safety consciousness is inculcated among employees.
2.13.3 Accident Reporting and Investigation
Accident reporting and investigation are the most important tools to prevent recurrence of
accidents. There are two purposes for the investigation and reporting of accidents. One is to
comply with the statutory requirements and the other is to improve conditions to prevent
accident recurrence. Further accident investigation should be conducted immediately after the
accidents. Otherwise there will be every possibility of not getting actual facts. More over
even the minor accidents shall be investigated properly for an effective accident prevention
program. Reporting of accidents, preparation of accident report form is need to be done as
preventive action against accidents. As a part of Accident Prevention Program, an effective
Safety Award scheme for employees in the plants can be considered. No accident has taken
place inside the factory and there is no case of reportable accident or any permanent
disablement during the period of last two years.
2.13.4 Emergency Coordination Committee
An Emergency coordination committee is functioning in BEC Bilaspur. The Safety
committee constituted by Chief Controller who take charge and supervise down line
feedback. The Welfare Officer, Medical Officer and Fire Officer are nominated members of
the Committee.
2.13.5 Health
Health Records of Employees: As per Section 41 (C) c of Factories Act 1948 under specific
responsibility of the Occupier in relation to hazardous process, every Occupier of a factory
involving any hazardous process shall “maintain accurate and up to date Health records, or as
the case may be Medical records of the workers in the factory who are exposed to any
Chemical, Toxic or any other harmful substances which are manufactured, stored, handled or
transported and such records shall be accessible to the workers subject to the conditions as
may be prescribed.
Provide for medical examinations of every worker –
a) Before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of or working with a
hazardous substance and
b) While continuing in such job and after he has ceased to work in such job at intervals not
exceeding twelve months in such manner as may be prescribed.
Emergency Medical Service
For any medical emergency and need of medical help company contract Dr. Dinesh Gupta,
who has a Private Nursing Home in nearby area at Tifra around 3 kms from plant. Nursing
Home of Dr. Dinesh Gupta is equipped with following facilities:-
(a) Doctor-2 Nos. (One of them is always for emergency services)
(b) Compounder – 1 Nos.
(c) Nurses-4 Nos.
(d) Beds -8
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In any case serious accident company contact to District Hospital, which are well facilitated
with all modern medical equipment’s and sufficient to overcome.
Location of Other Hospitals:
(a) CIMS also known as main Hospital is about 10 kms from the factory.
(b) Main hospital at about 5.00 kms.
(c) Highly equipped Apollo Hospital is about 15 kms from the factory.
(d) There are also a number of Private Nursing Home about 10 to 15 Kms. From the factory
site.
2.14 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HAZARDS
Hazardous Materials Handling Facility
Sulphuric acid and ammonia are the hazardous materials which will be used for the
production of the complex fertilizer. The details about the hazardous materials are given
below in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5: Descriptions of Hazardous Operation/ Process/ Area/ Materials
Operation/ Process/
Area Hazards Caused
Precautionary
Measures
Safety Measures to
be taken in
Hazardous
Occurrence
Storage of
inflammable product
like sulphur, oil,
acids etc.
Fire Hazards 1. Emergency kit is
kept ready and nearer
to the storage of
inflammable product.
2. Fire fighting
equipment’s powder/ foam type
extinguishers on
vehicles and on walls
are kept readily
available.
3. Hydrant system
provided at
conspicuous places.
4. Fire fighting man is
employed.
5. Precautions to ensure
that storage is done of
above maintained
material are in proper
way and at proper
place.
1. Installation of
Insert gas
(Nitrogen, Carbon
dioxide)
equipment’s to take of fire hazards in
the factory area is
being installed.
2. Hydrant points
have been provided
at the proximity of
gas cylinders, Husk
and storage and are
kept outside the
main factory.
3. All precautionary
measures to be
adopted and taken
as mentioned in
chapter.
Storage of Sulphuric
acid SO2 fluoride
gas, caustic soda etc.
Toxic fumes are
harmful if inhaled
evaporation of
chemical fumes
1. All chemical stored
in container made up of
HDPE and leak proof
top lid covered
If any worker is
injured in that case
first aid is given to
him and if it is
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Operation/ Process/
Area Hazards Caused
Precautionary
Measures
Safety Measures to
be taken in
Hazardous
Occurrence
may create problem
during handling.
container, which are
tightly fixed.
2. During handling the
chemical workers are
forced to wear all
safety appliances like
gloves apron(made up
of neoprene) chemical
goggles ( gas mask if
necessary)
found serious the
case is immediately
referred to the
doctor/ hospital for
further treatment
and check-up.
Leakage of steam
from pipeline.
Leakage of steam
may cause
superficial burn if
victim directly
come in contact
Emergency kit is kept
ready which consists of
:
a. Tools for stopping
leakage through boiler
condenser and pipeline.
b. All the pipeline is
insulated.
c. Detector solution to
detect percentage of
leakages (available at
sites)
a. Precautionary
measures to be
taken up as
mentioned.
b. Ammonia torch
is used to find out
the leakage.
c. In the event of
major leakage point
may carry quickly.
Edible oil, diesel and
transferable oil etc.
Fire hazard 1. Fire proof, system
made available and fire
fighting equipment’s
like foam extinguishers
and hydrant system etc.
are kept accessible.
2. Stored in MS
cylindrical tank and
kept away from any
type fire caused things
Proper care is to be
taken in storing and
keeping the drum of
oil.
Precautions should
be adopted and
taken as mentioned.
General machinery
and processing
equipment
Entrapping in
moving parts.
All machines are
compact and whole
process is done under
consistent watch of
supervisors and by
adopting all safety
precaution and
measures.
First aid is given
and then refers to
doctor / hospital for
further treatment.
Laboratory
Chemicals
Ammonia, Sulphuric
Acid, HCL Acid etc.
In case of breakage
cause burns
damage to
respiratory system
a. Proper care is taken
to store/ handle
chemicals.
b. Qualified and trained
Instruction board to
be displayed for the
knowledge of other
man to take care of
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Operation/ Process/
Area Hazards Caused
Precautionary
Measures
Safety Measures to
be taken in
Hazardous
Occurrence
due to concentrated
in halation.
personnel are
employed.
c. First aid box
available at site.
d. Fire fighting
equipment’s readily available.
the situation in the
event of occurance.
Plant Structure Collapse Industrial design with
maximum factor of
safety.
To evacuate the
area, declare
extreme emergency.
Inform ECC and
Plan Plant shut
down.
Tanker over turning Fire/ Explosion Only fit tankers are
allowed inside the
plant, slow speed is
maintained inside the
plant.
Inform ECC, Try to
contain the spillage
by sand or soil,
cardon off the area
use suitable fire
extinguisher in case
of fire.
Static charge
generation during
petroleum uploading.
Sparking and fire/
explosion.
Electrically continuous
hoses are used. Tanker
body is earthed.
Close the tanker
valve, evaluate the
area inform ECE.
Entire plant area Lightening Hazard Lightening arrestor are
provided to provide
protection under
conical zone covered
by arrestor, proper
earthing is provided.
Declare extreme
emergency, inform
ECC, Do not touch
any electrical
equipment,
evacuate under
proper supervision.
2.14.1 List of Probable Hazards
A) Fire on Electrical Installations:
This is class E fire-and use DCP type (Or, CO2 gas type) extinguishers to put off the fire.
Simultaneously cut off the power supply.
B) Hot Water Spray
Hot water pump to be stopped immediately also stop the Sulphur firing rectification of the
fault to be done test it and to be taken it in line.
C) SO2, SO3 or both gases leak
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Immediately stop Sulphur firing and air blower, instantly gas leak shall be stopped. Fault
to be rectified and be taking the system in line it with air.
D) Sulphuric Acid/Other dilute acid leak/spray
Immediately the leaky pipe line if possible to be isolated otherwise the concerned acid
pump to be stopped. And the drain line valve to be opened. If necessary stop the plant.
Fault to be rectified and tested. Then section line to be rectified. The acid spillages if any
should be thoroughly washed with plenty of water and the very diluted drain water is to
be neutralized in the neutralization pit, before disposal.
E) Caustic Flasks/Solution-Contact with body.
It is possible in the plant from a static state source. If there is any spillage, it is to be
washed with plenty of water. If there any leak in the solution vessel-rectify it before
taking it in line.
F) Electrical Shock:
Immediately supply to the shock source to be cut off. If required sub main also to be
switch off. Investigation to be carried out to understand that how the electric shock
occurred and necessary rectification job if any to be carried out.
Explosion in Electrical Equipments
Explosion of the equipment generally occur in oil transformer or oil circuit breaker. Explosion
of oil filter equipment or cable is usually due to overheating defective oil and damaged. Weak
maintenance and poor quality is main cause of an explosion. Periodic testing of oil and cables
should be done to avoid explosion.
Power Cables: It is to be secured properly; it is to be protected from physical hazards. All
junction boxes should be protected and supported, checking of earthings is necessary.
Transformer
The transformer should be located in fresh air area, and its location to be free from physical
hazards checking of transformer for overheating is necessary.
Emergency Power Arrangement
There is arrangement of DG set in the factory with sufficient diesel storage exclusively for
DG set and it can easily give power backup of several hours without any problem. This is as
an alternative arrangement of power readily available for factory as well as emergency
equipments and can take load of lighting and hydrant water pumps. It can be used for running
the emergency equipment for medical and misc use these DG sets are maintained properly to
meet any odd situation in case of power failure. Apart from this there are emergency lights
with individual battery units, which is kept charged all the time for use during emergency.
First Aid in Electrocution
(a) Immediate isolation of electrical supply
(b) The victim should not be touched till experts each,
(c) Victim can be detached from live supply by using insulating materials.
(d) If there is a dry wooden chair or rubber sheet the first aider must stand on it and then
separate the victim.
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(e) If the clothes are smolding the spark should be extinguished.
(f) Artificial respiration should be initiated if breathing has stopped.
Safety Precautions in Loading/Unloading by Crane
To assess the load and use of appropriate slings corresponding to load to be lifted. Use of
groves while anchoring the slings.
(a) Do not use worn out slings
(b) Do not overload the crane
(c) Use hand signals for operators convenience
(d) Do not allow crane to travel above working employees or vice versa do not allow anyone
to travel under the load
2.14.2 Hazard Protection System
1. Factory has been carefully designed and protected by suitable instrumentation controls,
alarm system, indicators and mech/elect. Inter-locks in properly maintained condition. To
run the plant and to control the process, experienced qualified and trained personnel are
deployed so the risk factor in process is almost negligible wherever necessary the
employees are equipped with required personal protection equipment for protection
against specific hazard. The plant is provided with the fire fighting facilities like
sprinklers and fire extinguishers etc.
2. All process equipment are provided with control system and emergency trip, all the hot
operations are done under proper supervision.
3. Suitable PPE’s are provided to workers and material handling is done with the help of
material handling devices. Manual operations followed after process completion is carried
out with appropriate precautions and by using appropriate PPE.
4. All the pressure vessels are provided with pressure regulating device, safety relief valves
pressure indicating device are being regularly checked.
5. All storage tanks and pipelines are properly maintained and monitored/inspected for
engineering stability. Precautions are taken to avoid any malfunctioning or failure of
valves. Gas cylinders etc. for welding repairs are stored taking proper precautions in
stores.
6. Plant is designed and maintained in proper conditions ensuring safe and smooth
operation.
Fire Hazards and its Prevention
(1) Inflammable goods/chemicals to be stored as per approved norms only.
(2) Hazardous zone to be indicated at such prone locations with suitable boards and
instructions.
(3) Quantity stored should be strictly as per approvals and should be stored in recommended
area only ie. Properly fenced area or properly ventilated room.
(4) Two types of hazardous chemicals/gas cylinders etc should not be stored in same room or
area.
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(5) Fire extinguisher of recommended type and capacity to be installed and maintained in
sound condition all the times.
(6) Employees should be trained and instructed to handle specific hazards at work place.
Fire Safety Arrangements
Fire safety arrangements are as per Sec 38 of the Factories Act. Fire extinguishers of various
types are installed within the factory as per class of fire risk likely to take place at the
location. Sufficient water storage is kept to run the hydrant system and quench the fire. Fire
exist points are clearly marked and indicated at prone locations.
Table 2.6: List of Fire-Fighting Equipments
S. No. Item Quantity
1 Fire Extinguisher DCP
5/10 Kg Cap
Foam Type-9 Ltrs. Cap
38 Nos.
2. Fire buckets on 12 Stands
(Each having 6)
72 Nos.
3. Hydrant System Hydrant pipe line 3” & 2” Diameter with
electrical/diesel pump set and single
headed, double headed and with nozzle
assembly for watering at the place of
incident, inside and outside the factory
shade, having electrical and diesel pump
units.
2.14.3 Emergency Control Centre
In the communication cum coordination structure a central location is selected from where
total communication to various Section inside and outside the factory is controlled. The
information receipt and the feedback from various sources shall be routed through this central
location. This centralized place is called ECC.
It is located inside the plant and painted as “Emergency Control Center”. This location is
Control Room. It is equipped with following items for emergency purpose.
a) Telephone internal telephone system, P & T Telephone numbers of executives and team
members.
b) List of employees name with blood group.
c) Site plan of factory indicating:
Location of fire hydrant system and fire extinguishers.
Location of Hazardous material.
Location of site entrances, roadways,
Location of parking etc.
d) List of concerning authorities with their telephone numbers and also the telephone
numbers of emergency services of corporation and nearby area who can be called if
required.
e) Emergency vehicle with driver.
f) Sufficient number of Note pads and pencils.
g) Copy of ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN.
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h) Mutual Aid Scheme
There is no formal mutual aid scheme is existence on papers as on date but informally it is
existing and all the surrounding companies are having that much fine understanding to seek
help of each other to fight any emergency situation. Contact Nos. and facilities in hands is
known to everyone. Companies including use are putting efforts to form mutual aid group
with aid of state authorities and association which hopefully should come on records shortly.
Rehearsal Schedule/Mock Drill
The success of this plan is very much depends on planned and unplanned mock drills. Mock
drills should be carried out regularly and register is maintained in standard format.
Mock drills helps to familiarize works employees with their roles and provide the current
accuracy of the details of the OEP. Rehearsal schedule of such mock drills is six months and
following procedure is followed when mock drill is conducted.
Procedure for mock drill:
a) Inform all the employees about MOCK DRILLS and the signal to be given.
b) Fix the DATE and LOCATION OF THE EMERGENCY for MOCK DRILL.
c) MOCK DRILL will be monitored by observers (Who will be one of the Senior officers)
not involved in the exercise.
d) Raise the Siren for Emergency.
e) After hearing the siren the Team Leaders, should move to the EMERGENCY SITE.
f) Factory Manager should alert FIRE/SECURITY TEAM ask them to run towards the
emergency location along with appropriate firefighting equipment. The fire attendants for
calling the fire Bridge.
g) RESCUE/EVACUATION TEAM should work in coordination with
FIRE/ENGINEERING TEAM.
h) All clear signal should be raised after half an hour.
Intimation Personnel
1. Factory Inspector
2. Police
3. Fire Brigade
4. Neighboring Companies (If any)
2.15 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
BECF always took an active role and participation in the socio-economic development of
community and in rendering assistance for the development of the surrounding people. BEC,
Bilaspur CSR activities includes:-
Sustainable environment-Plantation
Primary Health camp and vehicle assistance to surrounding villages in emergency
Rural sports and recreation
Promoting Tribal student’s education
Drinking water facility
Participating in Kisan Mela/organizing Farmer’s meet
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Organizing extension work to train small farmers/land less labours for adopting modern
scientific method and soil testing to determine soil suitability to use proper grades of
fertilizers to increase yield and their economic growth
To educate and train in process of agriculture development extension work to promote
Bio-fertilizers.
Peripheral Development.
Village adoption-Support technical education.
Table 2.7: CSR Activities to be undertaken by BECF for future plan (next 5 years) after
expansion.
CSR Activity Expenses ( In
Lakhs )
Repair of Road/School Building in surrounding villages 3.0
Organizing medical camps in surrounding villages 1.50
Organizing agriculture awareness programme 4.0
Water bodies conservation and cleaning of ponds in
surrounding villages
6.0
Education Scholarship to tribes 1.0
Installation of solar lamps in surrounding villages 10.0
Plantation in surrounding villages 2.0
Total
27.50
Table: 2.8 CSR Activities undertaken by BECF for the Year 2015-2016
CSR Activity Expenses (In Lakhs)
Education Scholarship to tribes 1.0
Organize medical camp for the people of surrounding
village
0.50
Agriculture awareness program for the farmers 1.50
Repair of Road/School Building in surrounding villages 2.0
Plantation in surrounding area 0.80
Water bodies conservation in surrounding villages 3.0
Total
8.80
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1. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL
STATUS
3.1 GENERAL SETTING OF SITE AND STUDY AREA
3.1.1 Introduction
The project site is located at Sirgitti Industrial Area in Bilha Tehsil of Bilaspur District
Chhattisgarh. Study area of 10 km radial distance (from the project site) was taken into
consideration to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed
project. The existing/ baseline environmental set-up of the study area with respect to the air,
water, soil, and noise parameters will be discussed in this chapter. The baseline environmental
quality monitoring has been carried out from October to December 2015. The location map
showing the Project site is given in Figure 3.1 and the 10 km study area map is shown in
Figure 3.2.
Bilaspur is located on the northwestern part of Chhattisgarh. Bilaspur has an inland location in
the Chhattisgarh basin. It stands on the right bank of Arpa River, a tributary of River Seonath,
which joins River Mahanadi. River Arpa originated from the high hills of Maikal Range in
central India. The site for the proposed project in Bilaspur at Bilha Tehsil, which is a narrow
strip of plain area is at a distance of approx. 12 km from Arpa River.
Figure 3.1: Project Location Map
3
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Figure 3.2: 10 km Study Area Map for Proposed Project
3.1.2 Site Description and its Environment
The area for proposed expansion is within the existing plant premises. The site is well
connected by road and is approximately 5 km from Bilaspur Railway Station. The study area
of 10 km radius mostly consist of mixture of scrub land and agricultural land and the project
site is in proximity to various industries such as Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd.,Vandana Vidyut
Ltd., Ganpat Industries, Black Diamond Motors Pvt. Etc., Project location map showing
details of various industries, surface water bodies, etc is given in Figure 3.3. Table: 3.1
briefly gives the description of the site along with the nearby features.
Table 3.1: Brief Description of the Project Site
Items Details
Project Expansion of Fertilizers Production Unit
Location Sirgitti Industrial Area, Tehsil Bilha, Bilaspur
Total BEC Plant Area 47.66 Acres (Plant Area)
12.15 Acres (Existing Unit)
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Items Details
11.40 Acres (Proposed Expansion Unit)
18.35 Acres (Green Cover)
Area allotted for expansion 11.40 Acres
Existing Capacity Sulphuric Acid : 40,000 TPA
Single Super Phosphate : 1, 40,000 TPA
Granulated Fertilizer : 45,000 TPA
Nearby features Factories- Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd., 1/2 km from site.
Highways- NH- 200 (5 km)
Railways- Bilaspur railway station is about 5 kms.
River- Arpa (12 km)
Project cost (Expected) 75 Cr.
Figure 3.3: Project Location map with respect to nearby Industries.
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3.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
3.2.1 Topography
Bilaspur plain is bisected by the river Arpa and its tributaries which divides this plain into two
parts western and eastern. The elevation of the plain is below 300 meter above the sea level.
Bilaspur city area where site is located occupies gently sloping terrain, gradually sloping
towards the Arpa River from north and south. The area south of Arpa River gently slopes and
forms a shape like saucer at the city’s centre. The hillocks north of the city are responsible in
creating drainage channels. There are five major drain basins of the Bilaspur are namely
Chantidih, Chingrajpara, South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. Jawali, Torba. The combination of
natural and constructed drains forms a rectangular drainage pattern ultimately discharging in
to the Arpa River. The drains unable to join the river end up in local depressions creating
ponds.
3.2.2 Geology
The major geological formation in the district are high grade gneisses and unclassified
metamorphics of Archean age. They are overlain by sedimentary formations of upper
Proterozoic known as Chhattisgarh super group consisting of limestones, siltstones, shales,
sandstone and marlstone. Gondwana group of rocks belonging to carboniferous to lower
cretaceous age also occur in the area. Recent to subrecent alluvial deposits and laterite also
occur at places in the district. (Source : www.cgwb.gov.in)
3.3 HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
3.3.1 Hydrology
The major riverine system of the study area is drained by Arpa River, a tributary of Seonath
River. The Arpa River flows through the city from north-west to south-east. The drainage of
the city to the river is carried by Jewali Nullah in the south and Goker Nullah in the north of
the river. Arpa is the important riverine system, which falls within 12 km (West) from the
project site.
3.3.2 Hydrogeology
The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells and piped water supply.
The requirements of water for irrigation and the domestic purposes, are fulfilled by the
groundwater through dug well and bore well. As per the ground water exploration conducted
by the CGWB, North Central Region, Raipur (CGWB, 2010), the Arpa River alluvium is the
main potential aquifer in the Bilaspur urban area. The thickness of the alluvium varies from
19 to 30 m. Groundwater occurs in dolomite and shale formation of Proterozoic age, which
are underlying the alluvium. The river alluvium consists of fine to coarse sand, silt, clay,
gravel and pebbles. The ground water in the area occurs under water table conditions in
alluvium formation and in semi-confined to confined conditions in the fractured part of the
calcareous formation occurring below alluvium.
3.3.3 Ground Water Scenario
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has prepared the ground water resources potential
report for the Bilaspur district, where the ground water potential is described blockwise. The
details of nine blocks are given in Table 3.3. The project site falls in Bilha block of the
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Bilaspur district. The stage of ground water development in Murwahi, Kota, Lormi and
Masturi blocks is very low (14 to 18%) and in rest of the blocks it is varying in the range of
40 to 71 %. The ground water development is greater than 70 % in Bilha block which is
highest in the district.
The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells, canals and piped water
supply. The study area falls under the Arpa river basin. As per the ground water exploration
conducted by the CGWB (Central Ground Water Board) of Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh
(CGWB, 2010), the pre monsoon and post monsoon water level is shown in Figure 3.5 and
Figure 3.6. The average depth to water level in the district during pre-monsoon period is 8.30
m bgl and the average depth to water level during post-monsoon period is 4.34m bgl. The
fluctuation in the ground water level is about 0-4 m.
3.3.4 Aquifer Characteristics
The Precambrian sedimentary are potential aquifers in the district. The transmissivity and
specific yield of different formations varies in wide limits. In Archaean crystallines 13 no of
wells are drilled and their discharge is very low i.e. less than 1 lps. The Transmissivity (T)
value in general is less than 1 m2/day and the specific capacity is less than 3 lpm/m of
drawdown. The Hirri, Pandaria and Maniyari Formations are good aquifers. The
Transmissivity and Specific Capacity values recorded for the exploratory wells at Belpan is
exceptionally high and is the order of 4003.34 m2/day and 835.57 lpm/m of drawdown
respectively. Table 3.2 is presented here to show the Transmissivity and Specific Capacity
obtained for different formations in the area. The Ground water resource map is shown in
Figure 3.7 and Hydrogeological map of Bilaspur district is shown in Figure 3.4.
Table 3.2: Transmissivity (T) and Sp. Capacity value obtained in Bilaspur district
S. No. Formationity
Transmissivity
(m2/day)
Sp. Capacity (lpm/m)
Min Max Min Max.
1 Maniari 8.2 186.14 2.88 128.64
2 Hirri 51.35 4003.34 16.44 284.21
3 Tarenga 0.98 357.05 2.5 108.49
4 Chandi 0.25 2198.02 1.05 14.09
5 Pandaria 2.69 345.68 7.41 227.87
6 Archaean 0.79 35.97 2.21 16.67
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Figure 3.4: Hydrogeological Map of Bilaspur District
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Figure 3.5: Pre monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)
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Figure 3.6: Post monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)
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Table 3.3: Ground Water Resources of Bilaspur District
S. No. Assessment
Unit
Net annual
GW
availability
(ha m)
Gross GW
draft for
domestic &
industrial
purposes
Gross GW
draft for
irrigation
( ha m)
Gross GW
draft for all
uses
(ha m)
Allocation for domestic
& industrial
requirement upto next
25 years (ha m)
Balance GW
resource for future
irrigation use
(ha m)
Stage of GW
development %
1 Bilha 9766.11 555.27 6338.69 6893.96 1896.46 554.32 70.59
2 Kota 7242.31 389.27 712.47 1101.74 553.48 5252.13 15.21
3 Lormi 9762.54 596.65 903.47 1500.12 848.32 7034.5 15.37
4 Marwahi 8041.34 442.01 716.36 1158.37 628.46 5892.38 14.41
5 Masturi 9053.22 485.29 1145.06 1630.35 690 6312.84 18.01
6 Mungeli 7309.78 738.76 2954.94 3693.7 1050.38 2573.48 50.53
7 Pathariya 5610.91 629 1595.27 2224.27 894.33 2560.22 39.64
8 Pendraroad 4240.19 272.36 1677.42 1949.78 387.24 1751.51 45.98
9 Takhatpur 5478.1 501.1 2084.44 2585.54 712.477 2133.38 47.2
Total 66504.5 4609.71 18128.12 22737.83 661.17 34064.76 34.19
(Source: CGWB 2010)
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Figure 3.7: Ground water resource map of Bilaspur district (CGWB 2010)
3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT
Land Use and Land Cover
The project site, which is located in the Sirgitti industrial area and the proposed expansion is
within the existing plant premise so the project site is devoid of agricultural land but within
the study area both agricultural and scrub lands are present. The land use land cover map for
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the study area was prepared by processing the standard False Color Composite (FCC) of IRS
P6 LISS III satellite imagery with 23.5 m resolution. The land use land cover map is shown in
Figure 3.8. The land use classification is tabulated in Table 3.4.
About 59.2% of the study area is covered by agricultural land, which is characterized by
scattered plantation of 12.79 % and built up area of 12.64 %. Next to built up area about
11.12% is fallow land and 2.9 % water body.0.62 % of the area constitutes shrub land; 0.53 %
constitutes dry river bed and 0.03 % of the study area constitutes marshy land.
Table 3.4: Classification of Land Use and Land Cover
Class Name Area Sq. Km Percentage
Fallow land 39.91640175 11.121
Marshy Land 0.1250865 0.0349
shrub 2.235312 0.6228
Agricultural land 212.8379288 59.2983
Plantation 45.9229905 12.7945
Dry river bed 1.920159 0.535
Build up Area 45.38771775 12.6454
Water Body 10.581993 2.9482
Total 358.9275 100.0001
Terrain profile of the study area was prepared by using ASTER data available from Earth
Explorer USGS Fig 3.9 shows terrain of the study area. The highest location is at an altitude
of 287 m near Chakarbhatha village in South-West direction and the lowest point is at an
altitude of 205 m near Dhenka in South- East. Project site is at an elevation of 260 m.
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Figure 3.8: Land Use Land Cover Pattern of the Study Area
Seismicity and Other Possible Natural Hazards
Based on the inputs obtained from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and other
agencies, Bureau of Indian Standards [IS-1893 – part – 1: 2002], have classified the whole
country into four seismic zones namely Zone II, III, IV and V. Of these, zone V is rated as the
most seismically active region, while zone II is the least. The Modified Mercalli (MM)
intensity, which measures the impact of the earthquakes on the surface of the earth, broadly
associated with various zones is as follows:
Seismic Zone Intensity on MM scale
II (Low intensity zone) VI (or less)
III (Moderate intensity zone) VII
IV (Severe intensity zone) VIII
V (Very severe intensity zone) IX (and above)
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The proposed project site is in Seismic Zone II as per IS 1893 (Part I):2002, the associated
intensity is MM VI (or less), which signifies that the project site is of low intensity zone.
Hence, probability of having high intensity earthquake is almost negligible. The earthquake
Zonation map of India is shown in Figure 3.10.
Figure 3.9: Terrain Map of Study Area
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Figure 3.10: Seismic Zonation Map of India (BMTPC 2006)
Project Site
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3.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING
Soil quality reflects capability of soil in maintaining biodiversity and productivity,
partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling, and providing
support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality.
Representative soil samples were collected from the study area to assess the quality of soil.
3.5.1 Methodology for Soil Monitoring
A number of parameters were determined, which are indicative of physical, chemical and
fertility characteristics. Sampling and analysis was conducted as per established standard
methods and procedures prescribed in IS 2720 and ASTM.
3.5.2 Soil Monitoring Locations
The Soil Monitoring was conducted for studying the various parameters in five different
locations within the study area, namely in the proposed expansion area, existing plant site,
back side of engineering godown, village Joparpara, village Kormi. The locations of the Soil
Quality Monitoring are summarized in Table 3.5. The sampling locations are chosen based on
the proximity of the location to the project site. Figure 3.11 shows the soil sampling locations
in the impact area map.
Table 3.5: Soil Quality Monitoring Location
Location
Code
Location Name/
Description
Position w.r.t. Project Site
Direction Distance (km)
SQ1 Near Expansion Site W 0.07
SQ2 Existing Plant area - -
SQ3 Back side of
Engineering Godown
SE 0.12
SQ4 Village Joparpara NE 0.70
SQ5 Village Kormi S 1.61
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Figure 3.11: Soil Sampling Locations in the Study Area
Photo Plate 3.1: Soil Sample collection at Sirgitti
Village
Photo Plate 3.2: Soil Sample Collection at
Proposed Project Site
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3.5.3 Soil Characteristics in the Study Area
The soil samples were analyzed for various parameters and the results are given in Table 3.6.
Table 3.6: Soil Characteristics in the Study Area
S.No. Parameter Unit SS-1 SS-2 SS-3 SS-4 SS-5
1. pH -- 7.1 7.12 7.1 7.2 7.2
2. Bulk Density g/Cc 1.44 1.47 1.31 1.45 1.43
3. Soil Texture - Clayey
loam
Clayey
loam
Clayey
loam
Clayey
loam Clayey
4. Colour -- Dark
Gray
Dark
Gray
Dark
Gray Black Black
5. Available Nitrogen Kg/Ha 230 225 221 235 241
6. Available Phosphates Kg/Ha 40.1 41.3 40.8 39.6 38.5
7. Available Potassium Kg/Ha 138 140 137 141 139
8. Organic Carbon % 1.3 1.32 1.31 1.33 1.3
9. Organic Matter % 2.26 2.29 2.27 2.31 2.26
10. Arsenic mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
11 Chromium mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
12. Cadmium mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
13. Mercury mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
As per the soil quality analytical results, the soil was neutral in nature with pH ranging from
7.1 to 7.2. The bulk density of the soil varied from 1.31 to 1.47 g/cc, which was ideal for
agricultural activity. The concentration of available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium
were in the range of 230 – 241 kg/ha, 38.5– 41.3 kg/ha and 138 – 141 kg/ha, which signified
that the soil was moderately fertile. The organic carbon in the soil ranged from 1.3 to 1.33%
3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
3.6.1 Methodology for Water Quality Monitoring
To assess the water quality of the study area, three different classes of water was sampled and
assessed, they are: Surface Water, Ground Water and Water from the Effluent treatment
plants, located within the plant premises.
Water samples were collected once from all these locations during the one season study
period. The samples were analyzed for relevant physic-chemical parameters for drawing up
the baseline data.
All the basic precautions and care was taken during the sampling to avoid contamination.
Analysis of the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and procedures
prescribed by the CPCB, e.g. relevant IS Codes (IS 2488 (Part-1 to 5) “Methods for Sampling
and Testing of Industrial Effluents”), and “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and
Wastewater” published by APHA.
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3.6.2 Surface Water Monitoring Locations
The Surface Water Monitoring was conducted for studying the various parameters in four
different locations within the study area, namely Reservoir near pumping station, near Water
Treatment Plant, Chitrapuzha River and Reservoir near Township Area. The locations of the
surface water quality monitoring are summarized in Table 3.7. Figure 3.12 shows the surface
water and ground water quality monitoring sampling locations.
Table 3.7: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations
Location
Code
Location Name/
Description
Position w.r.t. Project Site
Direction Distance (km)
SW1 Arpa River SE 9.95
SW2 Lal Khadan E 4.04
SW3 Hardikalan S 4.62
SW4 Jhapadpada NE 0.76
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Figure 3.12: Surface water and ground water quality monitoring sampling locations
Photo Plate 3.1: Surface Water Sample Collection
from Arpa river (upstream)
Photo Plate 3.2: Surface Water Sample Collection
from Arpa river (downstream)
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3.6.3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results
The Physico-chemical analysis of the collected surface water conducted and the results for
various parameters are listed in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: Physico-Chemical Analytical Results of Surface Water
Parameters Unit SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4
Color Hazen <1 <1 <1 <1
pH - 7.2 7.1 7 7.5
Total Dissolved solids mg/l 213 183 201 235
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 7.2 6.6 6.8 6.1
Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 88 62 80 91
Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 25 21 19 28
Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 70 61 62 80
Calcium as Ca mg/l 23 20 21 29
Magnesium as Mg mg/l 17 16 17 21
Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 12 8 10 15
Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 15.9 12.7 10.8 13.7
Fluoride as F mg/l 0.44 0.42 0.21 0.36
Iron as Fe mg/l 0.33 0.29 0.44 0.21
Lead as Pb mg/l 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001
Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
The pH of the surface water was in the range of 7.0 to 7.5. The hardness ranged from 61 to 80
mg/. The concentration of Calcium ranged from 20 to 29 mg/l and Magnesium ranged from
16-21 mg/l. The concentration of Lead, Chromium, Mercury, Arsenic, Cyanide were below
the detectable level.
3.6.4 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations
The ground water quality monitoring was carried out to study the various physic-chemical
characteristics of water in seven representative locations within the study area. The sampling
locations for the ground water quality monitoring are summarized in Table 3.9 and are
delineated in Figure 3.12 (above).
Table 3.9: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations
Location
Code
Location Name/
Description
Position w.r.t. Project Site
Direction Distance (km)
GW1 Dhamni Village SW 5.9
GW2 Bore Well E 0.10
GW3 Banaak Village E 0.78
GW4 Sirgitti Village NW 1.00
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Location
Code
Location Name/
Description
Position w.r.t. Project Site
Direction Distance (km)
GW5 Kormi Village SE 1.65
GW6 JhoparparaVillage SE 5.00
Photo Plate 3.3: Ground Water Sample
Collection from bore well at Dhamni Village
Photo Plate 3.4: Ground Water Sample Collection
from hand pump at Sirgitti Village
3.6.5 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results
The physico-chemical analysis of ground water was conducted and the analytical results for
various parameters are tabulated in Table 3.10.
Table 3.10: Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water Quality
Parameter Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 IS: 10500-1991
Norms
Colour Hazen 5 5 4 4 4 5 5-25
pH - 7.7 7.4 7.5 6.5 7.2 7.3 6.5-8.5
Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 53 79 66 62 78 75 250-1000
Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 133 179 140 125 166 164 300-600
Elec. Conductivity μMhou/cm 423 570 520 515 535 545 -
Calcium as Ca mg/l 38 81 53 47 79 73 75-200
Magnesium as Mg mg/l 27 41 20 15 20 20 30-100
Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 3 25 24 39 42 41 200-400
Dissolved solids mg/l 537 723 668 653 710 697 500-2000
Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 98 109 98 88 85 90 200-600
Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 10.2 12.3 11.9 13.8 9.3 10.9 45-100
Sodium as Na mg/l 37 53 32 35 30 25 -
Potassium as K mg/l 22 29 19 21 23 13 -
Fluoride as F mg/l 0.41 0.67 0.72 0.88 0.59 0.55 1.0-1.5
Iron as Fe mg/l 0.2 0.19 0.21 0.11 0.21 0.25 0.3-1.0
The pH of the ground water was slightly alkaline ranging from 6.5 to 7.7. The totals dissolved
solids in all the sampled water and were in the range of 537 to 723 mg/l. Calcium and
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magnesium were in the range of 38 – 81 mg/l and 15-41 mg/l, respectively. The concentration
of fluoride in water was in the range of 0.41 – 0.88 mg/l, which is within the permissible limit
of 1.0 mg/l as per IS 10500:2012. The concentration of nitrate and iron in the ground water
were in the range of 9.3 –13.8 mg/l and 0.11- 0.25 mg/l respectively. The range of alkalinity
and hardness in water ranged from 84 – 109 mg/l and 125-179 mg/l, respectively.
3.6.6 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations
Effluent quality was analyzed at two different locations. The effluent treatment plant
monitoring locations are summarized in Table 3.11.
Table 3.11: Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations
Location
Code
Position w.r.t. Project Site
Direction Distance (km)
ETP1 S 0.2
ETP2 NW 0.1
3.6.7 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Results
The physico-chemical analytical results of the effluent water for various parameters are given
in Table 3.12.
Table 3.12: Physico-Chemical Analysis of Effluent Treatment Plant Discharge Quality
S.No. Parameters ETP 1 ETP 2 Permissible
Limits
1 pH 7.15 7.4 7.0 – 9.0
2 Temperature 150C 16
0C
3 Colour <5.0 <5.0
4 TSS (mg/l) 85.0 81.3 100 mg/l
6 Oil & Grease <1.0 <1.0 10 mg/l
7 Fluoride(mg/l) 2.07 2.09 2.0 mg/l
8 Phenolic compounds <0.01 <0.01 1.0 mg/l
10 Phosphate (mg/l) 4.7 4.9 5.0 mg/l
11 Mercury(mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 0.01 mg/l
12 Cyanide (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 0.2 mg/l
13 Chromium (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 2.0 mg/l
The pH of the water collected from ETP 1, 2 were alkaline in nature. All other parameters like
TSS, Oil and grease, Fluoride, Phenolics, Mercury, Cyanide, Phosphates, were well within the
discharge limits.
3.7 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY
Chhattisgarh has three distinct seasons, namely summer (March to June), monsoon (July to
September) and winter (November to February).
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Relative humidity is quite high, exceeding 80% during rainy season. The sky is mostly cloudy
during the rainy season and less cloudy in the post–monsoon months, with clear sky during
the other months of the year. Wind speeds are generally low, though they accelerate during
the latter part of summer and early southwest monsoons. Wind speeds range from calm to
more than 11.1 m/s.
3.7.1 Temperature
The Bilaspur district receives rainfall mainly from the southwest monsoon. It sets in 3rd / 4th
week of June and continues till mid August/ September with heaviest showers in the months
of July and August. The average annual rainfall for the district is around 1100 mm (1998
2007). The months of July and August are the heaviest rainfall months and nearly 95% of the
annual rainfall is received during June to September months. The rainfall is unevenly
distributed in different tehsils and also the amount of rainfall varies from year to year. The
district experiences a hot and semi-humid climate. The annual temperature varies from 9.2° C
to 42.1° C. The hottest months are May and June and the minimum temperature is observed in
the months of December and January. (Source: CGWB Report, 2010)
3.7.2 Rainfall
Maximum rainfall was received in June (204 mm), July (150 mm) and August (234 mm).
Scanty rainfall was received in September (90 mm) and March (21 mm). No rainfall was
received from January to February, April to May and October to December (Table 3.13).
Table 3.13: Monthly Rainfall Data for the Year 2012
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rainfall
(mm) 0 0 21 0 0 204 150 234 90 0 0 0
3.7.3 Wind Pattern
Generally, light to moderate wind prevail throughout the year in the morning hours. The wind
is stronger in the afternoon. A review of the wind rose diagram (Figure 3.13) of the project
site during the study period October – December 2015 shows that predominant winds (around
67%) are mostly towards South West directions. The average wind speed is 3.91 m/s with
calm winds prevailing during 0.51%.
3.7.4 Atmospheric Inversion Level
Near the Earth surface, as the distance increases from the surface the temperature decrease.
Whereas at certain height this phenomenon inverses and beyond this height a positive
correlation is established between temperature and distance from Earth’s surface. This point is called the Atmospheric Inversion Level or Mixing Height. At the inversion level, both vertical
and horizontal diffusion of air is inhibited and pollutants are trapped in the atmosphere nearer
to the Earth’s surface. The lower the inversion level, higher will be the pollutant concentration
in the ambient air at the Earth’s surface.
The inversion level for the proposed project site during pre monsoon season is in the range of
2550 m – 3000 m (IMD, 2008).
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Figure 3.13: Wind Rose for the Project Site
3.8 AMBIENT AIR AND NOISE QUALITY
3.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
3.8.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Six sampling stations were chosen for monitoring of ambient air quality within the study area.
These were within 10 km from proposed expansion locations. One of the locations was
located in the predominant wind direction (South West) as per the Windrose (Figure 3.13).
The locations of the monitoring stations were selected to accord an overall idea of the ambient
air quality scenario in the study area. Logistic considerations such as accessibility, security,
and availability of reliable power supply etc. were also taken into consideration while
finalizing the locations of such stations. The locations of the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Stations in the study area are given in Table 3.14 below. Figure 3.14 shows the ambient air
quality monitoring locations.
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Figure 3.14: Ambient air quality-monitoring locations.
Table 3.14: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Location
Code
Location Name/
Description
Position w.r.t. Project Site
Direction Distance (km)
AQ1 Admin Building N 0.08
AQ2 Near ETP (downwind) SW 0.23
AQ3 Hardikala Village S 3.45
AQ4 Lalakhadan W 4.12
AQ5 Kormi Village E 0.71
AQ6 Sirgitti W 0.65
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Photo Plate 3.5: Installation of Air monitoring
sampler in Hardikala Village
Photo Plate 3.6: RDS sampler installed at Sirgitti
Village
Photo Plate 3.7: Filter paper for monitoring the PM10
at Tilak Nagar
Photo Plate 3.8: Collection of PM10 filter paper
sample at Ganga Nagar
Photo Plate: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
3.8.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology
Monitoring was conducted in respect of the following parameters:
Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Hydrocarbon
Fluoride
VOC
NH3
Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted from October – December 2015 at a frequency
of twice a week at each station adopting a 24-hours schedule for parameters such as
Particulate matter, SO2 and NOx and for parameters CO, HC, VOC and NH3, monitoring was
carried out once at each station. The equipment was placed at open space, free from trees and
vegetation, which otherwise acts as a sink of pollutants resulting in lower levels in monitoring
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results. At locations close to highways, the equipment was placed at least 100 m away from
such highways/roads to avoid influence of traffic exhaust emissions.
3.8.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results
The ambient air quality monitoring data is given in Tables 3.15 to 3.22.
a) Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
The 24-hourly average PM10 level varied between 51.3 g/m3 (at AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and
57.5g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The level of PM10 in all the areas is well within the NAAQS
standards of 100 g/m3. Table 3.15 gives details of the mean values of the 24-hourly average
PM10 levels.
Table 3.15: Summary of PM10 Levels Monitored in the Study Area
Code Station Location 24-hourly Average PM10 (g/m
3)
Min. Max. Mean Limit
AQ-1 Admin Building 42.1 65.5 53.8 100
AQ-2 Near ETP (downwind) 45.8 67.7 56.75 100
AQ-3 Hardikala Village 47.6 62.7 55.15 100
AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 42.6 64.4 53.5 100
AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 40.9 61.7 51.3 100
AQ-6 Sirgitti 48.1 66.9 57.5 100
The 24-hourly average PM2.5 level varied between 21.75 g/m3 (at AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and
30.6 g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). Similar to that of PM10, the levels of PM2.5 for all the sampling
locations is within the permissible limit of 60 g/m3. Table 3.16 gives details of the mean
values of the 24-hourly average PM2.5 levels.
Table 3.16: Summary of PM2.5 Levels Monitored in the Study Area
Code Station Location 24-hourly Average PM2.5 (g/m
3)
Min. Max. Mean Limit
AQ-1 Admin Building 19.6 31.8 25.7 60
AQ-2 Near ETP (downwind) 22.5 32.7 27.6 60
AQ-3 Hardikala Village 20.1 33.3 26.7 60
AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 17.4 31.4 24.4 60
AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 15.6 27.9 21.75 60
AQ-6 Sirgitti 24.4 36.8 30.6 60
b) Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
The mean of 24-hourly average values of SO2 over the study area was varying between 11.9
µg/m3 (at AQ-3 Hardikala village) to 14.85 µg/m
3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The SO2 levels at all the
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locations were much below the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 stipulated for residential, rural
& other areas. Table 3.17 below gives the details of SO2 levels at each location.
Table 3.17: Summary of SO2 Levels Monitored in the Study Area
Code Station Location 24-hourly Average SO2 (g/m
3)
Min. Max. Mean Limit
AQ-1 Admin Building 8.8 15.2 12 80
AQ-2 Near ETP (downwind) 9.7 15.5 12.6 80
AQ-3 Hardikala Village 8.9 14.9 11.9 80
AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 11.1 14.4 12.75 80
AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 9.8 16.2 13.0 80
AQ-6 Sirgitti 13.1 16.6 14.85 80
c) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
The mean of 24-hourly NOx level over the entire study area was varying between 20.7 g/m3
(at AQ-4 Tilak Nagar) to 25.25 g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The 24-hourly average values of
NOx at all the locations were within the prescribed limit of 80 g/m3 stipulated for residential,
rural and other areas. The details of the NOx levels at each location are given in Table 3.18
below.
Table 3.18: Summary of NOx Levels Monitored in the Study Area
Code Station Location 24-hourly Average NOx (g/m
3)
Min. Max. Mean Limit
AQ-1 Admin Building 19.4 26.4 22.9 80
AQ-2 Near ETP (downwind) 18.2 28.8 23.5 80
AQ-3 Hardikala Village 18.1 24.9 21.5 80
AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 15.9 25.5 20.7 80
AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 17.5 29.1 23.3 80
AQ-6 Sirgitti 22.0 28.5 25.25 80
d) CO, Benzene, VOC, NH3 and Fluoride
Air samples for Carbon Monoxide, Benzene, Volatile Organic Carbon, Ammonia and
Fluoride were collected from six different sites within the study area. The values of all the
four pollutants were found to be within the NAAQS Limits. The analysis results are shown in
Table 3.19 below.
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Table 3.19: Summary of Benzene, CO, VOC, NH3, Fluoride Levels Monitored in the
Study Area
S.
No
.
Location
Parameters Limits
Benze
ne
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
NH3
(µg/m3)
F
(µg/m3)
CO
(mg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
1 Admin Building <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 10.5 <10 4 400
2 Near ETP
(downwind)
<1.0 <1.15 <1.0 12.21 <10 4 400
3 Hardikala Village <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 7.43 <10 4 400
4 Tilak Nagar <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 6.22 <10 4 400
5 Ganesh Nagar <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 6.0 <10 4 400
6 Sirgitti <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 5.50 <10 4 400
Detection Limit: VOC – 1.0 ppm and Fluoride- 10 µg/m3
3.8.2 Noise Monitoring
Noise is known to produce various temporary changes in the physiological state of the human
beings. Noises in an industry originate from the process, vibration or reciprocation moment,
friction and turbulence in air or gas streams causing impact. Noise is mentioned as one of the
elements in the Environmental Protection Act 1986, giving the maximum allowable limits
during day and night times. Ambient noise standard prescribed by Central Pollution Control
Board is furnished in Table 3.20.
Table 3.20: Ambient Noise Standards
Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A)
Day Time Night Time
A Industrial 75 70
B Commercial 65 55
C Residential 55 45
D Silent 50 40
(Source: Environment (Protection) Act Notification (GSR 1063 E) Dated 26th December 1989)
Daytime is reckoned in between 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Nighttime is reckoned in between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m.
Silent area is defined as areas up to 100 m. around such premises as hospitals,
educational institutions and courts.
Noise levels have been measured in the neighborhood environment of the project site. Noise
coming from trucks, cars, birds, animals etc. is expected to add to the main noise generated by
process operations of the facility. Ten locations were selected for noise monitoring and are
listed in Table 3.21. Figure 3.15 shows the noise monitoring locations.
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Figure 3.15: Noise Monitoring Location in the Study Area
Table 3.21: Location and Category of Noise Monitoring Stations
Code Location Name Position w.r.t. Project Site
Category Direction Distance (km)
NS-1 Expansion Area - - Industrial
NS-2 Near Canteen Area N 0.09 Industrial
NS-3 Main Gate S 0.14 Industrial
NS-4 Sirgitti W 0.65 Residential
NS-5 Near DG Set SW 0.23 Industrial
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Code Location Name Position w.r.t. Project Site
Category Direction Distance (km)
NS-6 Jhoparpara Village W 0.62 Residential
NS-7 Kormi Village E 0.71 Residential
The daytime noise levels were monitored from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and nighttime noise levels
during 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. The readings were recorded at every hour interval for one day at each
location to quantify any deviation with the time.
The impact of industrial noise on surrounding community depends on:
Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous or continuous in nature). It is well
known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one that is continuously varying in
loudness.
Time of the day at which noise occurs, for example loud noise at night in residential
areas are not acceptable because for sleep disturbance.
The location of noise source with respect to noise sensitive land, the loudness and
period of noise exposure are determined.
The health impacts of noise can vary from noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) to annoyance
depending on loudness of noise levels and tolerance levels of individual. The baseline data
survey for noise levels in the study area has been carried out by selecting ten noise-
monitoring stations.
3.8.3 Regional Scenario
Assessment of day-night equivalent noise levels in and around the industry reveals that noise
levels are ranging from 41.5 to 54.7 dB (A) during day time and 31.3 to 52.7 dB (A) during
night time, which can be taken as the existing baseline status.
Table 3.22 and Figure 3.16 and 3.17 gives information about the noise levels at the different
sampling locations.
Table 3.22: Noise Monitoring Results within 10 km study area.
Location
Code Station Location Area Category
Day Night
Leq Limit Leq Limit
N1 Near Expansion
Area
Industrial 54.7 75 52.7 70
N2 Near Canteen Area Industrial 53.4 75 50.2 70
N3 Main Gate Industrial 52.4 75 51.8 70
N4 Sirgitti Village Residential 42.7 55 31.3 45
N5 Nera DG Set Industrial 54.2 75 52 70
N6 Jhoparpara Village Residential 42.6 55 34.8 45
N7 Kormi Village Residential 41.5 55 35.3 45
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Figure 3.16: Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Day Time)
Figure 3.17: Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Night Time)
3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
3.9.1 FLORA
The study was carried out within the 10 km radius of the project area. To understand the
structure of the ecological community of the study area quadrate sampling method was
followed. During the process of ecological survey, quadrate study was done for tree, shrubs
and herbs species to understand the community structure of the vegetation. Belt transects of
10 m X 10 m for tree, 5m X 5m for shrub and 1m X 1m for herb were carried out in the line
transect as per this method.
As been reported during field monitoring, the flora species of the study area can be classified
under three major categories:
i) Hilly tract vegetation,
ii) Plain land vegetation and
iii) Aquatic vegetation.
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The Proposed project falls under the plain land vegetation.
Flora
The area is covered by sparse vegetation mostly comprising of tree species such as Arjun
(Terminalia arjuna) Gamhar (Cometina arhborca), Sal (Shorea robusta), Sagun (Tectona
grandis), Neem(Azadirachta indica), Jamun (Syzigium cumini), Kanji (Pongamia pinnata),
Eucalyptus, Dhak, Mahua (Bassia latifolia), Mango (Mangifera indica ) Acacia arbica,
Sesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Chatauna (Alstonia scholars), etc., The tree species in the study
area is given in Photo Plate below.
Photo: 1 Chautauna (Alstonia scholars)
Inside Plant Premise
Photo: 2 Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna)
Among the common shrubs species that were observed during sampling includes Ber
(Ziziphus numularia), Lantana camera, Calotropis procera, Iporea purpurea, , Babul
(Acacia arbica), Pink shower (Cassia nudosa), Palas (Butea monosperma) etc. The shrub
species in the study area is given in Photo Plate below.
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Photo 3: Babul (Acacia sp.)
Herbs species of the study area consists of grasses, Argemon Mexicana,Parthenium sp.,
Nerium odorum The hurb species in the study area is given in Photo Plate below.
Photo 4: Ipomoea carnea (Near Sirgitti Area)
The common flora, that generally occur in the study area are given in the Table 3.23.
Table 3.23: List of Flora in the Study Area
S.
No Scientific Name Common Name
Habit
1 Mangifera indica Mango Tree
2 Ziziphus numularia Ber Tree
3 Azadirachta indica Neem Tree
4 Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal Tree
5 Syzigium cumini Jamun Tree
6 Moringa oleifera Sajana Tree
7 Madhuca latifolia Mahula Tree
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S.
No Scientific Name Common Name
Habit
8 Tamarindus indica Imli Tree
10 Psidium guajava Guava Tree
11 Shorea robusta Sal Tree
12 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Tree
13 Bassia latifolia Mahua Tree
14 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo Tree
15 Ficus Benghalensis Banyan Tree
16 Delonix sp. Gulmohar Tree
17 Pongamia pinnata Karanji Tree
18 Butea sp. Palas Tree
19 Alstonia scholars Chatauna Tree
20 Cassia nudosa PinkShower Shrub
21 Tinospora cerdifolia Gulancha Shrub
22 Acacia arbica Babul Shrub
23 Datur stramonium Dhutura Shrub
24 Calotropis gigantea - Shrub
25 Lantana camara - Shrub
26 Ocimum canum Bantulsi Herb
27 Nerium odorum Karabi Herb
28 Thevetia peruviana Kolke Herb
Plumeria sp. Gulechin Herb
(Source: Primary Data Collection)
3.9.2 Fauna
The animal life is mainly depend upon the vegetation of the area and is one of the main
factors, which influence the character of its animal life. The animals are directly or indirectly
dependent upon it for their food and habitat. Due to anthropogenic pressure and destruction of
vegetation structure the area has undergone continuous deterioration in the number of wild
life which cannot be ignored. The list of fauna is common to this area are given in Table 3.24.
Table 3.24: List of Fauna in the Study Area
Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name Conservation IUCN Status
Mammals
1. Jackles Canis aureus indicus Least Concern
2. Fox Vulpes bengalensis Least Concern
3. Bats Pteropus giganteus Least Concern
4. Squirrel Funambulus palmarum Least Concern
5. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Least Concern
6. Monkey Macaca Fascicularis Least Concern
Reptiles
1. Indian Cobra Naja naja Not Evaluated
2. Python Python molurus Near Threatened
3. Krait Bungarus sp. Least Concern
4. Indian Chameleon Chamaeleo zeylanicus Least Concern
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Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name Conservation IUCN Status
5. Viper Daboia russelii
Avifauna
1. Grey Quail
2. House sparrow Passer domesticus Least Concern
3. Crow Corvus culminatus Least Concern
4. Mayna Mayna pubescens Endangered
5. Tree Pie Dendrocitta sp. Least Concern
6. Pigeon Columba livia Least Concern
Python (Pythonidae) Dhamini Village
Photo Plate Fauna species observed during field monitoring
Domesticated Animals
The animal husbandry is as important as agriculture in the study area. Animals like cows,
buffaloes, goats, hens and pigs are domesticated.
3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The proposed project study area falls under Sirgitt Industrial Area, Bilaspur District of
Chhattisgarh State. Project area specific details with respect to the socio-economic
environment were collected during field visit, secondary sources and through public
consultations. The habitations within our study area are shown in Figure 3.18 and the
demographic profile of the study area is reported and highlighted in Table 3.25.
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Figure 3.18 Habitation map of the study area
List of Villages surveyed along with population details within 10 km Study Area are listed in
Table 3.25 and Photo Plate below shows public consultation process in villages.
Table 3.25: List of villages Surveyed
Name of
Village
Households Total Populations Males Females
Jhoparpara 239 1357 708 649
Sirgitti 2406 12520 6500 6020
Chakrabhatta 446 2251 1132 1119
Dhamini 271 1295 639 656
Karaar 422 2245 1157 1088
Sewar 406 1961 989 972
Hardikala 809 4194 2122 2072
Saida 234 1201 592 609
Chautana 1611 8000 4500 3500
Source: Census of India, 2001
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Photo: Public Consultation in Hardikala Village Photo: Public Consultation in Sirgitti Area
Photo: Public Consultation in Chautana village Photo: Public Consultation in Sewar village
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Table 3.26: Demographic profile of the study area
S.
No.
Name of
village
No. of
house
holds
Population Liter-
ates
Total
workers
Main
workers
Marginal
Workers
Non
workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Workers Others
Total Male Female 0 - 6
Yrs SC ST Main Marginal Main Marginal Main Marginal
1 Bilha (NP) 1661 8988 4631 4357 1564 2064 721 5224 3018 2556 462 5970 212 29 22 253 2257 161
2 Bodri (NP) 2478 13403 6762 6641 2237 1392 1483 8031 4400 3625 775 9003 306 81 569 509 2668 173
3 Chilhati 358 1870 954 916 397 919 170 774 905 841 64 965 185 25 244 27 406 11
4 Chilhati 431 2102 1012 1090 424 186 241 874 827 436 391 1275 306 187 24 184 98 17
5 Darrighat 321 1681 857 824 323 555 86 742 724 696 28 957 103 3 295 12 289 12
6 Dhamni 271 1295 639 656 277 680 7 635 546 477 69 749 122 5 150 57 201 5
7 Dhangawan 166 738 364 374 130 699 0 398 245 152 93 493 93 39 43 54 16 0
8 Dhuma 422 1989 1046 943 393 346 84 1056 801 705 96 1188 220 4 420 92 60 0
9 Dhurwakari 351 1681 824 857 291 894 0 871 837 331 506 844 189 204 78 290 55 8
10 Gataura 1238 6242 3123 3119 1148 1657 310 3376 2779 1266 1513 3463 663 102 326 1388 273 19
11 Kaneri 92 392 200 192 59 160 22 130 181 137 44 211 79 7 29 10 27 27
12 Kaya 199 899 449 450 159 65 3 459 419 363 56 480 208 33 98 20 49 3
13 Kormi 433 2472 1219 1253 570 684 71 1270 789 560 229 1683 232 17 205 201 121 11
14 Kunwa 220 992 514 478 185 518 202 404 304 291 13 688 171 4 27 5 93 4
15 Lawar 460 2572 1313 1259 624 363 190 868 776 326 450 1796 188 13 107 321 26 108
16 Magaruchhala 100 467 224 243 103 240 11 168 180 145 35 287 75 4 60 31 10 0
17 Manikpur 182 1047 543 504 250 45 171 382 487 474 13 560 156 1 256 12 62 0
18 Masturi 950 5033 2618 2415 851 1329 236 3088 1915 1720 195 3118 279 45 907 91 500 46
19 Nagpura 413 2584 1277 1307 500 829 434 1362 810 493 317 1774 112 3 1 307 380 7
20 Nagraudi 163 911 452 459 206 63 0 408 408 251 157 503 201 37 28 114 22 6
21 Nimtara 453 2744 1414 1330 491 438 13 1509 1132 934 198 1612 452 109 347 87 122 2
22 Pali 111 628 311 317 107 58 35 285 298 278 20 330 150 8 102 10 22 1
23 Parsada 142 699 359 340 126 52 70 363 324 124 200 375 20 133 72 66 32 1
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S.
No.
Name of
village
No. of
house
holds
Population Liter-
ates
Total
workers
Main
workers
Marginal
Workers
Non
workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Workers Others
Total Male Female 0 - 6
Yrs SC ST Main Marginal Main Marginal Main Marginal
24 Pondi 459 2381 1224 1157 446 373 678 819 1115 736 379 1266 372 124 322 235 33 1
25 Sardha 234 1201 592 609 222 95 304 582 520 414 106 681 279 10 89 96 41 0
26 Sengar 406 1961 989 972 345 540 38 992 738 666 72 1223 185 2 396 62 84 8
27 Silpahri 343 1874 950 924 430 441 78 692 735 227 508 1139 108 33 20 469 93 6
28 Sirgiti (CT) 2406 12520 6500 6020 1964 1283 1383 7934 3383 3080 303 9137 12 3 19 55 2973 230
Source: Census of India, 2001
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3.10.1 EXISTING FACILITIES
Education
The number of educational institutions i.e. schools and colleges in the year 2006-2007 (City
Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011) are given in Table 3.27.
Table 3.27: Educational Institutions in Bilaspur District in the Year 2006-2007
Sl. No. Category Total No.
1. Primary schools 1222
2. Upper primary (middle) school 502
3. High school 60
4. Higher secondary school 57
5. Degree colleges 5
6. Professional and PG colleges 5
7. Ashram schools 6
(Source: City Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011)
Medical Facilities
Bilaspur district had 128 number of hospital and primary health centers in the year 2006-
2007. The number of bed was about 268 (City Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011).
Workers and Labour
The company will employ about 100 workers on regular basis. Out of these one or two will be
at Managerial level. The remaining positions can be classified as skilled, semi skilled and non
skilled.
Transport
The nearest road to the project site is the major district road no. 8, which is approximately 1.5
km away (NW direction) from the project site. NH 200 is about 4.5 km away (East) from the
project site.
Postal and Communication Services
The postal and communication services in the district in 2005-2006 are given below (City
Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011):
Post office - 143
Telegraph office - 16
Telephone connection- 36286
Crops Grown
The main crops grown in the study area are Rice, Pulses, Sugarcane and Wheat.
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List of Medium and Large Scale Industries within Sirgitti Industrial Area.
There are two industrial areas within the 10 km radius from the proposed project site i.e.
Silpahri Industrial Area and Sirgitti Industrial Area. The list of industries located within the
Sirgitti Industrial Area is given below:
Table 3.28: List of Industries within Sirgitti Industrial Area.
S.No. Name of the Industry Item of Manufacture
Industries in Sirgitti Industrial Area
1 Vandana Vidyut Plant Power Plant
2 Black Diamond Track Parts Ltd. feeder breaker, chain spares, pick holder
boxes, shearer pins
3 Black Diamond Motors Mining machinery spares and provides
transporting solutions.
4 Golchha Oxides Pvt. Ltd. Oxide colors, paints, ceramic colors, and
linoleum etc.
5 K K Lubes Pvt. Ltd. Engine oil and lubricants producing and
processing plant.
6 Shivangi Oils Pvt. Ltd. Solvent extraction plant that produces rice
bran oil and oil cakes.
7 Chhattisgarh Power and Coal
Beneficiation Pvt. Ltd. Coal washery unit
8 Bhillai Engineering Corporation
(BEC) Fertilizers
Manufacturer of beneficiated rock phosphate,
single super phosphate and sulfuric acid.
9 R.K. Polymers Polythene bags and sheets.
10 Golden Prince Wines (India)
Pvt. Ltd. Alcoholic drinks.
11 Bilaspur Barytes and Chemicals
Pvt. Ltd. Chemical manufacturing unit.
In addition to the above list of industries there are around 30 Small Scale Industries that are
located within the Sirgitti Industrial Estate.
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ANTICIPATED
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Identification and evaluation of various potential impacts due to the proposed project on the
surroundings are presented in this chapter.
Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either adverse or beneficial.
Almost all the potential impacts which are temporary and short termed might occur during the
construction phase, whereas potential impacts during operation phase might have long term
effects. The potential impacts have been identified for the whole of study area (10 km radial
distance from the project site) with respect to air, noise & vibration, water, soil, biological and
socio-economic environment.
The mitigation measures which are required to negate the adverse impacts are also discussed
in this chapter.
4.2 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT
The project site is within notified industrial area and is in possession of BEC fertilizers. The
land use pattern of the project site will change from barren to industrial land.
4.2.1 Impacts during Construction Phase
The activities causing potential impact during construction phase on land use includes
levelling of site, construction of related structures and installation of equipments/heavy
machineries. No significant adverse impact on the surrounding land use during the
construction period is envisaged.
The construction activities will result in loss of vegetation cover and topsoil to some extent in
the plant area. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site, no adverse impacts
on soil in the surrounding areas are anticipated.
4.2.2 Impacts during Operation Phase
During operation phase, the activities of proposed plant will not change the soil quality.
However, the generation and dumping of solid wastes from the plant operations may affect
the soil quality, if proper measures are not taken.
4.2.3 Mitigation Measures
Solid waste generated during construction phase will be suitably reused for levelling the site
and lying of internal roads. The top soil will be preserved and used for landscaping purpose.
During operation phase, the activities of proposed plant will not change the soil quality.
However, the generation and dumping of solid wastes from the plant operations may affect
the soil quality, if proper measures are not taken.
4
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4.3 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT
4.3.1 Impacts during Construction Phase
During the construction phase, dust (particulate matter) is expected to be the main
pollutant to be emitted from the haul roads, stockpiles and material handling. In this case,
pollution emission sources shall be distributed throughout the project site and will fall
under the category of area source. The land acquired is fairly flat, so extensive site
formation work is not expected during this phase.
In the absence of information regarding the quantity and type of construction equipment
to be deployed at any particular time, total suspended particulate matter emission factor
for construction activities as per AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Fifth Edition, USEPA 1995, was taken to
calculate the approximate concentration of suspended particulate matter to be emitted
during construction phase. The standard emission factor for heavy construction activity is
2.6 mg/ha/month of activity (Section 13.2.3.3, AP-42, USEPA, 1995). The area allotted
for plant construction is about 4 Acres (1.62 ha), and the theoretical particulate matter
emission during the construction phase is about 4.2 mg/month.
Vehicular emission of SO2, NO2, CO and CO2 will add onto the air pollution. Movement of
vehicles on unpaved roads will also add onto the dust emission. Operation of DG sets will
also generate air pollutants like SO2, NO2, and PM.
4.3.2 Impacts during Operation Phase
Particulate and fugitive emissions might arise from raw material stock piling, process
activities like mixing of rock phosphate and sulphuric acid, grinding, DG set and vehicular
movement.
During the operation phase, there are four major categories of sources of air pollutants,
they are:
Emissions from manufacturing processes
- Fugitive emission in the form of dust from rock phosphate stockpiling,
- Dust emission during rock phosphate dust during grinding,
- Emission of particulate matter and Fluorine laden gases from Mixer and Den.
Fugitive emissions from material handling.
Emissions (SO2, NO2, CO, CO2 and dust) from vehicular movement.
Emissions (SO2, NO2, CO and CO2) from Diesel Generator Set.
Detailed air quality modeling has been carried out for predicting the possible concentration of
air pollutants namely PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx contributed during the operation of proposed
SSP/GSSP fertilizer plant.
4.3.2.1 The Model
Air dispersion modeling for prediction of maximum increment in Ground Level
Concentration (GLC) of different air pollutants in the surrounding area due to the emission
from stacks present in proposed SSP/GSSP fertilizer plant during operation stage has been
carried out by using the AERMOD View model developed by the US EPA. This model is used
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extensively to assess pollution concentration and deposition from a wide variety of sources
and is also recommended by CPCB. The model is based on Gaussian Plume Air Dispersion. It
is a steady state plume model in stable boundary layer and the concentration distribution is
assumed to be Gaussian in vertical and horizontal direction. Given source characteristics,
emissions, meteorology and averaging time, the model predicts maximum GLCs of various
pollutants.
4.3.2.2 Model Input
Stack and Emission Characteristics:
The major source of emissions is from the stacks during the operation of the proposed
SSP/GSSP fertilizer project. As a result, the stack emissions from the proposed SSP/GSSP
fertilizer plant would be constituted of mainly sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen
(NOx), particulate matters (PM10) and particulate matter (PM2.5). The stack and emission
characteristics pertaining to the stacks present in the proposed SSP/GSSP fertilizer plant are
reported in Table 4.1. The modeling has been carried out as per the guidelines of the CPCB.
The 24-hourly maximum GLCs have been computed for comparison with the standards.
Table 4.1: Stack & Emission Characteristics
S.No. Stack
Details
Release
Height
(m)
Emission Rate (g/s) Gas Exit
Temp.
(K)
Stack
Diameter
(m)
Gas Exit
Velocity
(m/s) SO2 NOx PM10 PM2.5
1. SSP 1 40 0.92 0.12 1.20 0.4 373 0.80 27
2. SSP 2 40 - - 1.39 - 373 1.10 16
3. GSSP 30 0.27 0.03 0.33 0.9 373 0.40 16
4. SA 50 38 - - - 373 1.10 16
5. DG Set 5 0.20 0.11 0.14 0.10 373 0.20 16
Meteorological Parameters:
On-site hourly meteorological data monitored during the months September to December
2012 in respect of temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity and cloud cover has
been used as input for air dispersion modeling. Hourly mixing heights used for modeling have
been calculated and taken from the AERMOD View model itself.
4.3.2.3 Modeling Procedure
The modeling has been carried out as per the guidelines of the CPCB. Four relevant pollutants
namely sulphur dioxide (SO2) oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM10) and
particulate matter (PM2.5) have been considered for modeling. Square pattern of receptor
locations up to a maximum distance of 10 km with respect to 16 radial directions (N to NNW)
from the centre of the location of the stacks have been considered. The 24-hourly maximum
incremental GLCs have been computed for comparison with the standards.
4.3.2.4 Modeling Results
The predicted 24-hourly maximum incremental Ground Level Concentration (GLC) along
with isopleths plot of concentration for PM10, PM2.5, NOx, and SO2, in the study area are
reported below in Table 4.2 - 4.5 and Fig. 4.1 – 4.4.
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Table 4.2: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC),
PM10 (µg/m3)
S.No. Receptor Location
Mean 24-
hourly
Background
Level (µg/m3)
Predicted 24-
hourly Max
Incremental
GLC (µg/m3)
Total
Projected
Level
(µg/m3)
Standard (µg/m3)
(for Residential
& Rural Area)
1 AQ-1 Admin
Building 56.75 1.304 58.054 100
2 AQ-2 Near ETP
(downwind) 53.8 0.665 54.465 100
3 AQ-3 Hardikala
Village 55.15 0.025 55.175 100
4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 53.5 0.025 53.525 100
5 AQ-5 Ganga
Nagar 51.3 0.025 51.325 100
6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 57.5 0.665 58.165 100
7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 59.0 0.025 59.025 100
8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 54.15 0.025 54.175 100
9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 55.3 0.025 55.325 100
10 AQ-
10 Silpahri 53.8 1.944 55.744 100
Figure 4.1: Isopleths plot of concentration for PM10 (µg/m3)
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Table 4.3: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC),
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
S.No.
Receptor Location
Mean 24-
hourly
Background
Level (µg/m3)
Predicted 24-
hourly Max
Incremental
GLC (µg/m3)
Total
Projected
Level
(µg/m3)
Standard
(µg/m3)
(for Residential
& Rural Area)
1 AQ-1 Admin
Building 27.6 0.389 27.989 60
2 AQ-2 Near ETP
(downwind) 25.7 0.133 25.833 60
3 AQ-3 Hardikala
Village 26.7 0.005 26.705 60
4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 24.4 0.005 24.405 60
5 AQ-5 Ganga
Nagar 21.75 0.005 21.755 60
6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 30.6 0.133 30.733 60
7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 33.7 0.005 33.705 60
8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 28.65 0.005 28.655 60
9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 27.4 0.005 27.405 60
10 AQ-10 Silpahri 34.05 0.389 34.439 60
Fig.4.2: Isopleths plot of concentration for PM2.5 (µg/m3)
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Table 4.4: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC)
of SO2 (µg/m3)
S.No.
Receptor Location
Mean 24-hourly
Background
Level (µg/m3)
Predicted 24-
hourly Max
Incremental
GLC (µg/m3)
Total
Projected
Level
(µg/m3)
Standard
(µg/m3)
(for Residential
& Rural Area)
1 AQ-1 Admin
Building 12 4.532 16.532 80
2 AQ-2 Near ETP
(downwind) 12.6 2.295 14.895 80
3 AQ-3 Hardikala
Village 11.9 0.057 11.957 80
4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 12.75 0.057 12.807 80
5 AQ-5 Ganga Nagar 13 0.057 13.057 80
6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 14.85 2.295 17.145 80
7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 13.9 0.057 13.957 80
8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 13.35 0.057 13.407 80
9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 12.65 0.057 12.707 80
10 AQ-10 Silpahri 13.95 6.77 20.72 80
Figure 4.3: Isopleths plot of concentration for SO2 (µg/m3)
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Table 4.5: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration
(GLC) of NOx (µg/m3)
S.No.
Receptor Location
Mean 24-
hourly
Background
Level (µg/m3)
Predicted 24-
hourly Max
Incremental
GLC (µg/m3)
Total
Projected
Level
(µg/m3)
Standard (µg/m3)
(for Residential
& Rural Area)
1 AQ-1 Admin
Building 23.5 0.204 23.704 80
2 AQ-2 Near ETP
(downwind) 22.9 0.001 22.901 80
3 AQ-3 Hardikala
Village 21.5 0.001 21.501 80
4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 20.7 0.001 20.701 80
5 AQ-5 Ganga
Nagar 23.3 0.001 23.301 80
6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 25.25 0.204 25.454 80
7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 26.4 0.001 26.401 80
8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 26.25 0.001 26.251 80
9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 22.6 0.001 22.601 80
10 AQ-10 Silpahri 26.85 0.204 27.054 80
Figure 4.4: Isopleths plot of concentration for NOx (µg/m
3)
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4.3.2.5 Discussion on Modeling Results
The predicted 24-hourly maximum incremental GLC for PM10 is found to be highest (about
1.944 g/m3) respectively, at receptor location of AQ-10 (at Silpahri), this may be because the
proposed stacks are close to the mentioned receptor location as well as nearest to the
downwind direction. The increment of GLCs for PM10 at other receptor location are found to
be lower than the monitored value, the possible reason may be because the other receptor
locations are far away from the proposed ferro alloy plant, which is the major source of PM10
emission.
The increment of GLCs for NOx, SO2 and PM2.5 are also found to be maximum at receptor
location of AQ-10 (at Silpahri), this may be because the proposed stacks are close to the
mentioned receptor location as well as nearest to the downwind direction. At other receptor
locations, the increment in GLCs for NOx, SO2 and PM2.5 are found to be practically
negligible as compared to their background levels, and therefore, the resultant post
operational NOx, SO2 PM2.5 levels and will remain around the existing level.
Referring to the background (monitored) ambient air quality, the mean baseline level when
added to the corresponding maximum predicted incremental GLC, the resultant levels of NOx,
SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 at different receptor locations are found to be well within their
permissible standard pertaining to residential and rural areas.
4.3.3 Mitigation Measures
The impact during construction phase will be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature.
Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment will help in controlling the
gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and construction site will prevent fugitive dust.
Green belt development along the road side and in the plant premises will be useful in dust
suppression. Over loading of the trucks shall be avoided. Haulage roads, which are used for
transportation of material, should be maintained properly. Utmost care and regular inspection
schedule will be made to prevent any fugitive emission of dust during transportation of
material. People working in and around the dust generating area, will be provided with
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like dust mask to prevent inhalation of dust particles,
and use of the same will be strictly enforced during working hours.
During operation phase air pollution control equipments will be used, which are discussed in
detail in Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan). Paved roads will be laid to prevent
dust emission during vehicular movement. A thick greenbelt is also proposed, which will also
control the dust. Regular water sprinkling arrangement shall also be provided at the loading
and unloading areas. Workers working near the dust generating area will be provided with
dust masks, which will be made as mandatory to wear during working hours.
Mitigation Measures
Existing and the proposed stacks will comply with the applicable emission norms.
Adequate stack height will be provided as per norms.
Scrubbers will be provided to minimize the emissions and to maintain the emissions
within the prescribed limits.
Regular monitoring of emissions from all stacks and ambient air quality will be carried
out as per norms.
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4.4 IMPACTS ON NOISE AND VIBRATION
4.4.1 Impacts during Construction Phase
Noise generated during the construction period from operation of machineries will be of short
term in nature, and it will be controlled by using machines equipped with silencers and
regular maintenance of the same. Similarly the vibrations produced during this phase will be
of low intensity, short term and of intermittent nature. This is not expected to cause
significant impact on the environment and residents around the site.
4.4.2 Impacts during Operation Phase
Operation of machineries and DG sets will result in generation of noise and vibration. The
vibration arising out of generator will have insignificant impact when compared to heavy
machineries. Movement of vehicles will also contribute to noise and vibration. Though, the
generated vibration will be insignificant.
4.4.3 Mitigation Measures
Heavy machineries and DG sets will be operated during day time only. The machineries to be
used will be serviced and maintained to control generation of noise and vibration. Vehicles
used for transportation will be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any
generation of unwanted noise.
Employees working in noisy environment will be made mandatory to wear ear muffs/ear
plugs to avoid any adverse impact of noise on them. Employees exposed to hand vibration
while handling/operating of heavy machineries will compulsorily wear anti vibration gloves
made up of viscoelastic material.
4.5 IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT
4.5.1 Impacts during Construction Phase
About 50 KLD of water will be consumed during the construction phase, from which about
22 KLD of wastewater is estimated to be generated. If the wastewater is discharged without
prior treatment, it might lead to contamination of ground water.
4.5.2 Impacts during Operational Phase
Total water requirement for the project during its full fledged operation phase is estimated to
be 1500 KLD. Process effluent will be generated, which will be completely re-used for the
SSP production process. Hence, no industrial effluent will be discharged, which makes this
production process as Zero Discharge Production Process.
About 20 KLD of domestic wastewater is estimated to be generated during operation phase,
which if discharged without prior treatment, it might lead to contamination of ground water.
4.5.3 Mitigation Measures
The sewage generated during the construction and operation phases will be collected in septic
tank and will be treated in vermiculture based sewage treatment plant. The treated effluent
will be reused for green belt development. The detail about the sewage treatment plant is
provided in Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan).
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4.6 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The biological environment mainly consists of flora and fauna and its relationship with
surroundings. Biological environment includes species of native plants and animals.
4.6.1 Impacts during Construction and Operation Phase
The project site is devoid of any major vegetation cover and wild fauna, therefore, no
significant impact envisaged on biological environment. There are no rare or endangered
species of flora or fauna in the project site. No migratory route of any wild/avian fauna in the
project area is observed or recorded.
4.6.2 Mitigation Measures
Green belt will be developed along the boundary of the plant units to improve the aesthetic of
the same. The details about the green belt development are given in Chapter 8
(Environmental Management Plan).
4.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
4.7.1 Impacts during Construction Phase
The project will not involve resettlement and rehabilitation, as the proposed project will be
located on already acquired barren land earmarked for industrial activity at Sirgitti Industrial
Area. The project might lead to improvement in the socio-economic environment of the
nearby area, as it will lead to generation of employment for the local people.
4.7.2 Impacts during Operation Phase
There are several other industrial activities that exist within the study area apart from the
proposed project. Preference will be given to local people while hiring employees for this
project. The project will lead to employment opportunities as well as ancillary business
opportunities; thereby will improve the economic condition of the area. Better economic
conditions of the people will also lead to increase in literacy rates. Thus the quality of life of
the local people will improve. Therefore, overall a positive impact is envisaged due to the
proposed project.
As preference will be given to the local people for job opportunities arising out of this project,
no major influx of outside people is envisaged due to this project. Therefore, project will not
have any major impact on the population growth of the area and thereby, related pressure on
available infrastructure.
4.7.3 Mitigation Measures
As the project will result in beneficial impact to the local people by generating employment
opportunity, no specific mitigation measures are suggested.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING PLAN
5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
An environmental monitoring plan provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse
environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to
introduce standards of good practice to be adopted. An environmental monitoring plan is
important as it provides useful information and helps to:
Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and
thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.
Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental
monitors and provides means of effective communication of environmental issues
among them.
Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters.
Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the
Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management
plan, if required.
From the monitoring point of view, the important parameters are water quality, air, noise,
flora and fauna. The suggested monitoring details are outlined in the following sections.
5.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Construction Phase:
Monitoring of air quality (PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx) will be carried out for three
representative locations in the construction area on monthly basis.
Operation Phase:
Air quality monitoring will be carried out at/near the three representative locations (near
stack, DG set) within 100 – 200 m of the project site, also one location at each of the
production units, in the storage area of the raw material and finished goods and packaging
area for finished goods. Monitoring of air quality (PM10, PM2.5, SO2 , HC, NH3, CO, VOC, F
and NOx) will be carried out for monthly basis.
5.3 NOISE MONITORING
Construction Phase:
In the construction phase, Day time and Night time equivalent noise level will be monitored at
three representative locations in the construction area.
Operation Phase:
In operation phase, Day time and Night time equivalent noise level will be monitored at three
5
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locations within 100 – 200 m of the project site, one location at each of the production units
and near DG set. Monitoring will be carried out once in a month for a period of 24 h and at an
interval of one hour.
5.4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Construction Phase:
In construction phase ground water quality at two locations within the plant area will be
monitored every season as per the parameters given in IS 10500: 2012.
Operation Phase:
During operation phase, water quality will be monitored at the following locations. Physico-
chemical characteristics of the ground water (Three locations – two within plant area and
nearest well outside plant area) will be monitored once in every season. The parameters are to
be monitored as per IS 10500: 2012 drinking water standards.
The influent and effluent characteristics of the sewage treatment plant (STP) will be
monitored for parameters specified in ‘General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Part-A: Effluents’: Schedule – VI of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986,
pertaining to irrigation on monthly basis.
The effluent treatment plant will be monitored on monthly basis for parameters specified in
‘General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Part-A: Effluents’: Schedule –
VI of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, pertaining to irrigation on monthly basis.
The storm water drainage outlet will be monitored for parameters (once in monsoon season)
listed in IS 2296. Based on the quality of water, it will be classified as Class A (Drinking
water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection)/ Class B (Outdoor
bathing)/ Class C (Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by
disinfection)/ Class D (Fish culture and wild life propagation) / Class E (Fish culture and wild
life propagation). If the storm water meets the criteria of class A and B, it will be utilized for
rainwater harvesting. If it meets criteria of C, D and E, it will be treated in the STP, before re-
using it for green belt development.
5.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING
During the construction and operation phases, soil quality will be monitored in the green belt
and plant area (about three representative locations each), for pH, texture, nitrogen,
phosphorous, potassium and fluoride. This monitoring shall be done annually (non monsoon
period) and the results shall be shown to competent agriculture expert to assess the need for
remedial measures, if required. Condition of the planted plant species shall be recorded once
in two years by visual observations with respect to vegetative growth, flowering etc. This
need to be done as green belt development acts as pollution sink and bio indicators.
Afforestation will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem functionally stable and make
the micro climate more conducive.
5.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
The health of the employees who will be working in the unit will be monitored through
general periodical check up and also for respiratory ailments.
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A summary of the Environmental Monitoring Plan for construction and operation phase is
given in Table 5.1 and 5.2 below:
Table 5.1: Environmental Monitoring (Construction Phase)
Parameter Parameters Frequency Location
Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and
NOx
Monthly At major construction sites
(total 3 stations)
Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly At major construction site and
near generator set
Soil Parameters as per
CPCB
Annual At and near the plant area and
green belt, three locations
around the project site within
200 m distance from the unit.
Water Parameters as per
CPCB standards
Monthly Storm water drainage area, two
ground water location within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur.
Effluent from
STP
pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS
Monthly Inlet and outlet of STP
Table 5.2: Environmental Monitoring (Operation Phase)
Item Parameters Frequency Location
Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2, HC,
NH3, CO, VOC and
NOx
Monthly Stack, generator set, three
locations within 100 – 200 m
of the project site, two
locations within the plant near
the production units, storage
area for the raw material and
fertilizer, packaging area for
fertilizer.
Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly Generator set, three locations
within 100 – 200 m of the
project site, two locations
within the plant near the
production units, storage area
for the raw material and
fertilizer, packaging area for
fertilizer.
Ground Water Parameters as per
CPCB standards
Thrice a
year
Storm water drainage area, two
ground water locations within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur and
one in the nearest bore well.
STP pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS
Monthly Before and after treatment
from STP
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Item Parameters Frequency Location
ETP Parameters as per
CPCB standards
Monthly Before and after treatment
from ETP
Soil pH, moisture content,
texture, organic
matter, chloride, SAR,
CEC, nitrogen,
phosphorous, fluoride,
sulphur
Once in a
year
Three locations around the
project site within 200 m
distance from the unit.
Occupational
Health
General and
respiratory ailments
check up
Once in a
year
-
5.7 BUDGET
The monitoring and evaluation process will require additional and at times, extensive surveys
and primary data collection, either to establish a base line or to measure changes. In order to
respond to evolving management needs, a contingency budget will be required-especially
where response will require capital works. Table 5.3 and 5.4 gives the details about the
budget required for environmental monitoring plan during construction and operation phases.
Table 5.3: Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase (2Years)
Attribute Location &
frequency Parameters
Monitoring
cost per year
in INR
Total cost
in INR
Air At major construction
sites (Total 3 stations)
PM10, PM2.5, SO2
and NOx
samples @ INR
6000 per
station for 12
months =
2,16,000 / -
2,16,000
Noise At major construction
site and near generator
set
Equivalent noise
level
Samples @
INR 2000 per
station for 12
months
72,000
Water Storm water drainage
system, two ground
water location within
BEC Fertilizer
Bilaspur.
Parameters as per
CPCB standards
In house
facility will be
used
Soil Three locations
around the project site
within 200 m distance
from the unit.
Once in a year.
pH, moisture
content, texture,
organic matter,
chloride, SAR,
CEC, nitrogen,
phosphorous,
fluoride, sulphur
Samples @
INR 6000 per
station for one
time
18,000
STP Inlet and outlet of STP pH, BOD, COD,
TSS, TDS
Samples @
INR 5000 per
station for 12
1,20,000
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Attribute Location &
frequency Parameters
Monitoring
cost per year
in INR
Total cost
in INR
months
Total Cost 4,26,000
Table 5.4: Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase
Attribute Location & frequency Parameters Monitoring cost
per year in INR
Total Cost
in INR
Air Stack, generator set,
three locations within
100 – 200 m of the
project site, two
locations within the
plant near the
production units,
storage area for the raw
material and fertilizer,
packaging area for
fertilizer.
PM10, PM2.5, SO2
, HC, NH3, CO,
VOC and NOx
4,00,000 4,00,000
Noise Generator set, three
locations within 100 –
200 m of the project
site, two locations
within the plant near the
production units,
storage area for the raw
material and fertilizer,
packaging area for
fertilizer.
Equivalent noise
level
Samples @ INR
2000 per station
for 12 months
72,000
Water Storm water drainage
system, two ground
water location within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur.
Parameters as
per CPCB
standards
In house facility
will be used
Soil Three locations around
the project site within
200 m distance from the
unit. Once in a year.
pH, moisture
content, texture,
organic matter,
chloride, SAR,
CEC, nitrogen,
phosphorous,
fluoride, sulphur
Samples @ INR
6000 per station
for one time
18,000
STP Before and after
treatment from STP
pH, BOD, COD,
TSS, TDS
Samples @ INR
5000 per station
for 12 months
1,20,000
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Attribute Location & frequency Parameters Monitoring cost
per year in INR
Total Cost
in INR
ETP Before and after
treatment from ETP
Parameters as
per CPCB
standards
Samples @ INR
5000 per station
for 12 months
1,20,000
Occupatio
nal
Health
- General and
respiratory
ailments check
up
In house facility
will be used
Total Cost 7,30,000
A total amount of INR 11.56 Lakh is allotted for the compliance monitoring of
environmental quality during construction phase and operational phase which will be met
from the revenue budget.
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PROJECT BENEFITS
6.1 PROJECT BENEFITS
The proposed expansion project will lead to the following benefits:
Increase in production of fertilizer.
Increase in agricultural productivity due to application of fertilizer.
The project will result in the employment opportunities to the unskilled/skilled
local people.
Thereby, the quality of life of the employed people will increase.
To fulfil the scarcity of fertilizer in remote areas.
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
PLAN
7.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Disaster Management Plan for an Industrial unit is necessarily a combination of various
actions, which are to be taken in a very short time but in a pre-set sequence to deal effectively
and efficiently with any disaster emergency, major accident with an aim to keep the loss of
human life, material, plant/machinery etc. to the minimum. Creation and establishment of a
cell within the Industrial unit is a perquisite for an effective implementation of any disaster
management plan. The main functions of the Disaster Management Cell are to prepare a
detailed disaster management plan, which includes:
Identification of various types of expected disasters depending upon the type of the
industrial unit;
Identification of various groups, agencies, departments etc. necessary for dealing with a
specific disaster effectively;
Preparation - by intensive training - of relevant teams /groups within the organization to
deal with a specific disaster.
Establishment of an early detection system for the disasters.
Development of a reliable instant information/communication systems and
Organization and mobilization of all the concerned departments/ organizations/ groups
and agencies instantly when needed.
7.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Occupational health needs attention both during construction, erection, operation and
maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above
phases. To control any occupational health and safety impact a detailed planning for
mitigation measures has been done in the design stage of the project. Apart from the
occupational exposure mitigation plans for various activities and work areas of hazards,
following existing administrative control measures will be undertaken to ensure occupational
health and safety of the employees:
All employees will be trained for EHS policies and practices.
Periodic health check-up for employees.
All employees will be trained in first aid and emergency handling during fire breakout.
Preparation and training of the employees in safety and emergency preparedness.
Work permit system.
Compliance to PPE use.
Safety display sign board throughout the plant.
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7.2.1 Construction
The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to accidents
during construction activities and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition to
arrangements to reduce it within Threshold Limiting Values (TLV), required personal
protective equipment (PPE) like helmet, dust masks, ear muffs etc. will also be supplied to
workers.
7.2.2 Operation and Maintenance
Noise is the major occupational hazard during operation stage apart from chemical and
accidental hazards. Suitable personnel protective equipment will be given to employees. The
working personnel shall be given the following appropriate personnel protective equipments.
Industrial safety helmet.
Crash helmets.
Face shield with replacement acrylic vision.
Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on be-Lh ends.
Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue color glasses.
Welders equipment for eye and face protection.
Cylindrical type earplug.
Ear muffs.
Canister gas mask.
Self contained breathing apparatus.
Leather apron.
Safety belt/line man's safety belt.
Leather hand gloves.
Asbestos hand gloves.
Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm.
Electrical resistance hand gloves.
Industrial safety shoes with steel toe.
Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots.
First aid facility shall be made available round the clock for attending emergency in case of
any accidents, if any. All working personnel shall be medically examined at least once in
every six months and at the end of his term of employment.
7.2.3 Chemical Hazard
Elemental Sulphur, which will be used as raw material for sulphuric acid production will pose
hazard during its handling and storage. Sulphur is a flammable substance with a very low
ignition point of 190°C (Sulphur dust). The dust cloud can be ignited even by weak frictional
sparks. Dust laden with ≥ 25% elemental sulphur can result in explosion.
The burning sulphur will produce sulphur dioxide gas, which is an eye and respiratory irritant
and is toxic in nature.
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Indoor storage of bulk sulphur should be provided whenever possible to minimize
loss/contamination of sulphur as well as formation of sulphur dust. Proper ventilation will
reduce the possibility of fires or explosions due to sulphur dust. The building should be
equipped with explosion vents and doors. A protective coating should be applied to all
exposed steel to combat corrosion.
One of the raw materials used in the SSP/GSSP production process is Sulphuric acid, which
shall be kept in an isolated storage area on RCC platform in HDPE drums, and proper sign of
danger shall be displayed there. Medical checkup shall be done regularly for the workers
working in the plant.
About 7250 MT of sulphuric acid is proposed to be stored in the plant premises. The
following measures will be taken up to ensure safety related sulphuric acid storage:
A separate storage yard will be installed near the factory premises with RCC platform.
The capacity of storage tank will be one and a half times of the quantity to be stored.
The storage tank will be made of Mild Steel with 316 Stainless Steel and also 1/8”
corrosion allowance will be included while designing the thickness of the tanks.
It will be lined with phenolic resin (Here site) to avoid corrosion.
It will be supported with raised RCC platforms.
Level indication system with high level alarm will be installed.
Emergency shut off valve will be provided nearer to the tank outlet nozzle.
Gas vent will be provided to allow hydrogen gas (produced during corrosion) to be
discharged into the atmosphere.
7.3 SAFETY PLAN
Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of prime
concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as
emergency plan. Possibility of disaster in the proposed plant is due to leakage of fuels,
chemical hazard, collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc.
Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance
phases, and the plant shall formulate safety policy with the following regulations:
To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe arid healthy conditions in working
environment.
To ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design,
construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machine all equipment.
To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees.
To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing
and to ensure their proper use.
To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work,
which are known to be potentially hazardous to health/safety.
To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary
changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to date
knowledge.
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To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and
illness at work.
To provide appropriate instruction, training and supervision to employees in health and
safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters.
To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire
fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service.
To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and
incident involving personal injury or injury to health with a view of taking corrective,
remedial and preventive action.
To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the local language of
employees.
To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/processes involved in the
project.
7.3.1 Safety Organization
Construction and Erection Phase
A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of the
safety officer include identification of the hazardous conditions and train/advice the workers
on preventive actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide
professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is
also responsible to ensure compliance of safety rules/ statutory provisions. In addition to
employment of safety officer, every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, shall
also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the worker.
Operation and Maintenance Phase
When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in accordance with
the requirement of Factories Act 1948 and their duties and responsibilities shall be as defined
there of.
7.3.2 Safety Circle
In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous
processes and improving safety and health, safety circles will be constituted in each area of
work. The circle will consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet
for about an hour every week.
7.3.3 Safety Training
A full fledged training center shall be set up at the plant. Safety training shall be provided by
the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members called from Corporate Center,
Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited
contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness safety
films shall be shown to workers.
7.3.4 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan
All the potential occupational hazardous work places such as fuel storage area, coal handling
area shall be monitored regularly. The health of employees working in these areas shall be
monitored once in six months for early detection of any ailment.
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A medical care centre will be established with the following responsibilities:
1. Examination of workers’ health in relation to work.
2. Surveillance of working environments.
3. Identification and evaluation of environmental factors which may affect the workers
health.
4. Assessment of conditions of occupational workers’ health through Liver Function Test
during pre-placement of workers.
5. Observance of safety norms and reduce/eliminate exposure to hazardous environment.
Company will take up monitoring activities periodically to assess hazards due to gases, dusts,
vibrations, radiations etc.
7.4 KEY PERSONNEL
Apart from Works Incident Controller and Chief Incident Controller, other works personnel
will have key role to play in providing advice and in implementing the decisions made by the
Chief Incident Controller. The key personnel include:
A. Sr. Supdts. /Engineer-in-charge responsible for
• Operation.
• Electrical Maintenance.
• Mechanical maintenance.
• C&I.
• Chemical.
B. Head of Personnel and Officers connected with IR and Labour Welfare.
C. Head (Technical Service).
7.5 EMERGENCY PLANNING FOR DISASTER DUE TO FIRE
Fuel storage, cable rooms, transformer unit, auxiliary transformers, oil tanks, fuel bunkers
including all conveyor lines etc., within the plant are the likely areas for which plan is
outlined to deal with any eventuality of fire. Stores, workshop, canteen and administration
building have also been included.
7.5.1 Classification of Fires
The various classes of fire and required fire fighting material/equipment as per National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) are given in Table 7.1. Class D fire is not anticipated in the
proposed project, as no combustible/inflammable metals/e are used
Table 7.1: Classes of Fire as per National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Class of Fire Type of Fire Fire Fighting
Material/Equipment
A Ordinary combustible materials such as wood,
cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics
Water
B Liquids or liquefiable solids. Fires in
flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil based
Foam
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Class of Fire Type of Fire Fire Fighting
Material/Equipment
paints, lacquers, etc.
C Flammable gases such as methane, natural gas,
acetylene, etc.
Dry chemical powder
extinguisher
D Fires involving metals, including magnesium,
zirconium, sodium, lithium, potassium, etc.
Steam, dry chemical
powder extinguisher
Some precautions and remedial measures to prevent fires are:
Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages
and crevices in all directions, this will help in localizing and identifying the area of
occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire fighting
operations;
Spread of fire in horizontal direction will be checked by providing fire stops for cable
shafts;
Use of reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and
interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries.
Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire
watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting.
7.5.2 Equipment System Dealing with Fuel Handling
The whole system dealing with fuel handling can be summarized as follows.
A wagon tripper for unloading transported coal from the racks/trucks:
Coke is unloaded into ground level hopper(s) from where it is transported to pre blending
stock pile through belt conveyors;
Fuel is reclaimed for the above stock pile and is transported to the raw coal hopper for
vertical mill by a set of belt conveyors;
For collection of the pulverized fuel as well as venting the mill, a high efficiency bag
filter has been provided; and
The fine coal from the hoppers is sent to Kiln firing by a set of pumps.
Water sprinklers will be provided for the stockpile at the unloading point to prevent fire.
Pull cords and emergency switches will be provided all along the conveyor belt to avoid
the spreading of fire.
7.5.3 Need for a Fire Fighting Group
A small spark of fire may result in loss of machines, conveyors etc. This type of loss can be
avoided by preventing and controlling the fire instantly for which fire fighting group shall be
established.
7.5.4 Fire Fighting with Water
Adequate and reliable arrangement is required for fire fighting with water such as:
Identification of source of water and equipping with pumps;
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Arrangement of pipe lines along and around vulnerable areas;
Alternative water supply arrangements to divert the water from one set of pipe lines
(connected to another source) to connect to other source.
Provisions of valves at appropriate points to enable supply of water at the required
place/area or divert the same to another direction/pipe line.
Each source of water shall be equipped with one standby diesel driver, pump to serve in
case of power failure.
7.6 WATER LINE ARRANGEMENT
Water lines shall be provided at fuel handling area along with the conveyors and around the
stockyards, transformers, oil tanks, coal crusher house etc. Water lines shall also be provided
around other infrastructures in the plant like administration building, canteen, stores and other
plant equipments. The system shall be designed in conformity with the recommendations of
the Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of Insurance Association of India. A reserve water
level shall be maintained in the sump as per TAC requirements.
Hydrant system feed pressurized water to hydrant valves shall be located throughout the plant
and also at strategic locations. The water pressure shall be maintained at 6 to 8 kg/cm2 in
these lines. By operating on few of the valves water pressure can be increased at one
particular place. There are two types of valves: Non-return valves shall be provided to allow
only unidirectional flow of water and gate valves shall be provided for closing or opening the
water supply. An adequate number of gate valves shall be provided at appropriate points to
tap water to deal with fire if it breaks out at any point of the plant.
7.6.1 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers
To deal with fires - other than carbonaceous fires (Class A), which can be extinguished with
water, suitable fire extinguishers are required. Adequate numbers of fire stations within the
plant are to be established with the following types of equipments and arrangements:
Soda Acid Fire Extinguishers;
CO2 Extinguishers;
Dry Powder Chemical Extinguishers;
Foam Extinguishers;
Fire Buckets; and
50-mm spray hoses up to 150-m length.
Appropriate types of fire extinguishers shall also be provided at conveyor drive heads, crusher
house, control rooms, in machines like stacker & declaimer, electrical yard, sub-station and
other infrastructure facilities within the premises.
In the transformer yard; automatic fire detecting and quenching system shall be provided for
each transformer. This system comes into operation whenever the temperature of surrounding
air exceeds 80°C and sprays water over the transformer to prevent spreading of fire and
quenches the same.
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In order to avoid fire in cable galleries, all the power and control cables of FRLS type (Fire
Resistant Low Smoke) shall be used. In addition, fire detecting and Fire Alarm Systems shall
be installed in the cable galleries.
7.6.2 Inspection
Fire alarm panel (electrical) shall cover the entire plant. Fire Extinguishers in Fire
Stations and machines and other places shall be periodically inspected by the inspection
group;
The temperature of the coal stack shall be regularly measured and recorded. If the
temperature exceeds 80°C, water quenching shall be carried out;
Emergency telephone numbers shall be displayed at vital points by the groups;
General inspection for fire shall be regularly carried out by the group.
7.6.3 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire
The following steps shall be taken during a Fire Accident in the system:
As soon as the message is received about fire, one of the spray groups in the system
shall be diverted to the place of the fire accident along with a staff member.
Simultaneously plant Fire Station shall be informed.
Nearby fire stations are also to be informed by phone.
Meanwhile, the pipe system (water) shall be operated to obtain maximum pressure and
output.
In case cables are within the reach of fire, power supply shall be tripped and the cables
are to be shifted.
Further, other spray/fire groups from the system shall be diverted to the spot.
7.6.4 Specific Emergencies Anticipated
Fire consequences can be disastrous, since they involve huge quantities of fuel either stored or
in dynamic inventory in pipe lines or in nearby areas. Toxic releases can affect persons
working around. Preliminary hazard analysis has provided a basis for consequence estimation.
Estimation can be made using various pool fires, tank fire consequence calculations. During
the study of Risk Assessment, the natures of damages are worked out and probabilities of
occurrence of such hazards are also drawn up.
7.6.5 Emergency Action Plan
The emergency action plan consists of:
First information.
Responsibilities of Work Incident Controller.
Responsibilities of Chief Incident Controller.
Responsibilities for Declaration of Emergency.
Responsibilities for Emergency Communication Officer.
Responsibilities of key personnel.
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Responsibilities and action to be taken by essential staff and various teams during
emergency.
Responsibilities for All Clear Signal.
7.6.6 First Information
The first person who observes/identities the emergencies shall inform by shouting/ by
telephone to the Shift Engineer and Fire Station about the hazard. The Shift Engineer will
inform the Work Incident Controller, Chief Incident Controller and also to the Telephone
Operator, who shall communicate it to all key personnel.
7.6.7 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency
During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency
warning is raised, the workers, if they are in charge of process equipment shall adopt safe and
emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such
responsibility is assigned, he will adopt a safe course to assembly point and await
instructions. He will not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency
personnel towards objectives of DMP.
7.7 EMERGENCY FACILITIES
7.7.1 Emergency Control Center (ECC)
For the time being Office Block is identified as Emergency Control Center. It will have
external Telephone and Fax facility. The Site Controller/ Incident Controller Officers, Senior
Personnel will be located here. Also, it will be an elevated place. The following information
and equipment are to be provided at the Emergency Control Center (ECC).
Intercom, telephone.
P and T telephone.
Safe contained breathing apparatus.
Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets.
Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications.
Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories.
(Internal, P and T) factory layout and site plan.
Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries.
Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of safety
equipment, work road plan, assembly points, and rescue location vulnerable zones.
Escape routes.
Hazard chart.
Nominal roll of employees.
List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency Co-coordinators.
Duties of key personnel.
Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency coordinator. Essential
employees.
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Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies. Neighboring
industries and sources of help, outside experts, chemical fact sheets population details
around the factory.
7.7.2 Fire Fighting Facilities
First Aid Fire fighting equipment suitable for emergency shall be kept in each section in the
plant. This will be as per statutory requirements as well as TAC Regulations. However, fire
hydrant line covering major areas will be laid. It will be maintained as 6 kg/cm2 pressure. Fire
alarms will be located in the bulk storage areas. On the top of the Administration block, top of
each production blocks, wind socks will be installed to indicate direction of wind for
emergency escape.
7.7.3 Emergency Medical Facilities
Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical burns, fire
burns etc. will be maintained in the medical center as well as in the emergency control room.
Private medical practitioners help will be sought. Government hospital will be approached for
emergency help. Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment will be
provided arid maintained. In this regard, help of nearby industrial managements will take on
mutual support basis.
An ambulance with driver availability in ail is arranged, emergency shift vehicle will be
ensured and maintained to transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons will be
trained in first aid so that, in every shift first aid personnel will be available.
7.8 EMERGENCY ACTIONS
7.8.1 Emergency Warning
Communication of emergency will be made familiar to the personnel inside the plant and
people outside. An emergency warning system will be established.
7.8.2 Emergency Shutdown
There are number of facilities, which can be provided to help deal with hazardous conditions.
Under this situation the supply of the fuel is to be disconnected immediately. Whether a given
method is appropriate depends on the particular case. Cessation of agitation will be the best
action in some instances. Stopping of the feed may require the provision of by pass
arrangements.
7.8.3 Evacuation of Personnel
There can be more number of persons in the storage area and other areas in the vicinity. The
area will have adequate number of exits, stair cases. In the event of an emergency,
unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators have to take emergency
shutdown procedure and escape. Time Office maintains a copy of deployment of employees
in each shift, at ECC. If necessary, persons can be evacuated by rescue teams. Also, at the
end of an emergency, after discussing with incident Controllers and Emergency
Co-coordinators, the Site Controller orders an all clear signal. When it becomes essential, the
Site Controller communicates to the District Emergency Authority, Police, and Fire Service
personnel regarding help required or development of the situation into an Off-Site
Emergency.
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7.9 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN
The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the district collector; however,
the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district authorities. The proposed
plan will be based on the following guidelines. An early decision will be required in many
cases on the advice to be given to people living "within range" of the accident - in particular
whether they shall be evacuated or told to go indoors. In the latter case, the decision can
regularly be reviewed in the even, of an escalation of the incident. Consideration of
evacuation may include the following factors:
In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. in oil storage tank), only
houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation, although a severe smoke hazard
may require this to be reviewed periodically;
If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it might be
necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if insufficient time exists,
people shall be advised to stay indoors and shield them selves from the fire. This latter
case particularly applies, if the installation at risk can produce a fireball with vary
severe thermal radiation effects (e.g. LPG storage);
7.10 ROLE OF THE EMERGENCY CO-ORDINATION OFFICER
The various emergency services shall be co-ordinated by an Emergency Coordinating Officer
(ECO), who will be designated by the district collector. The ECO shall liaise closely with the
site main controller. Again depending on local arrangements, for very severe incidents with
major or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control shall be passed to a senior local
authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state government.
7.10.1 Role of the Local Authority
The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency planning
officer (EPO) appointed shall carry out his duty in preparing for a whole range of different
emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO shall liaise to obtain the information to
provide the basis for the plan. This liaison shall ensure that the plan is continually kept up to
date.
It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations, which will be
involved off site in, handling the emergency, know of their role and are able to accept it by
having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover their particular
responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans shall be organized by the EPO.
7.10.2 Role of Police
Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property and
controlling traffic movements. Their functions shall include controlling bystanders,
evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing
relatives of death or injury.
7.10.3 Role of Fire Authorities
The control of a fire shall be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade officer who
will take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller on arrival at the site.
The senior fire brigade officer shall also have a similar responsibility for other events, such as
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explosions and toxic release. Fire authorities in the region shall be apprised about the location
of all stores of flammable materials, water and foam supply points, and fire-fighting
equipment. They shall be involved in on-site emergency rehearsals both as participants and,
on occasion, as observers of exercises involving only site personnel.
7.11 RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PERSONNEL
• Department Heads
The departmental heads will provide assistance as required by the workers. They will decide
which members of their departments are required at the incident site.
• Chief Personnel Manager
a) He will Report to Work Incident Controller
b) Ensure that ail non-essential workers in the affected areas are evacuated to assembly
points in consultation with the Chief Incident Controller.
c) Receive reports from nominated persons from assembly points, and pass on the absence
to information services
d) Keep liaison with other coordinators to meet the requirements of services such as
materials, security management, transportation, medical, canteen facilities etc. as
required during emergency.
e) Be in constant touch with the Chief Incident Controller and feed him correct
information of the situation
f) Give information to press, public and authorities concerned on instructions from the
CIC/WIC.
g) Ensure that casualties receive adequate attention at medical center and arrange required
additional help and inform relatives of the injured
h) Arrange to inform public on Radio and TV about evacuation etc.
i) Arrange TV coverage on handling emergency.
• In Charge
On knowing about an emergency, he will report to CIC and assist him in ail activities. He will
also be in liaison with all teams.
• Medical Officer
Medical Officer will render medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the
injured to nearby Hospitals. He will mobilize extra medical help from outside if necessary.
• Head of Safety
On hearing the emergency alarm, he will proceed to the site. He will
A. make sure that all safety equipments are made available to the emergency teams.
B. participate in rescue operations.
C. co-ordinate to transfer the injured persons to medical center and arrange for first aid.
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D. Keep in contact with ECO and the WIC and advice them on the condition of injured
persons.
• Security Officer
On hearing the Emergency alarm he will proceed to main entrance/main gate.
1) arrange to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area
2) direct the security staff to the incident site to take part in emergency operations under
his guidance and supervision
3) Evacuate the persons in the plant or in the nearby areas as advised by WIC after
arranging the transport through the Transport in-charge.
4) Allow only those people inside who are associated with handling emergency.
5) Maintain law and order in the area, if necessary seek the help of police
6) Maintain communication with CIC/WIC and ECO.
• Transport Engineer in Charge
On hearing the emergency alarm he will immediately report to Work incident Controller He
will:
A. Ensure availability of vehicles for evacuation or other duties, when asked for.
B. Make all arrangements regarding transportation.
7.11.1 Assembly Point
Assembly points depending upon the need and suitability will be identified wherein;
employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management will be assembled
for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc. will
be provided. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used.
7.11.2 Emergency Power Supply
Plant facilities will be connected to emergency power supply and will be placed in auto mode.
Thus water pumps, plant lighting and emergency control center, administrative building and
other auxiliary services will be connected to emergency power supply. In all the blocks flame
proof type emergency lamps will be provided.
7.12 OTHERS
7.12.1 Employee Information
During an emergency, employees will be warned by raising siren in specific pattern.
Employees will be given training about escape routes, shelter area, and protection from toxic
effects. Employees will be provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and
first aid measures. Key personnel and essential employees shall be given training in
emergency response.
7.12.2 Public Information and Warning
The industrial disaster effects related to this plant may mostly be confined to the plant area.
Detailed risk analysis has indicated that the effects will not be felt outside. However, as an
abundant precaution, the information related to chemicals in use will be furnished to District
Emergency Authority for necessary action during an offsite emergency.
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7.12.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities
Keeping in view of the nature of emergency, two levels of coordination are proposed. In the
case of an On Site Emergency, resources within the organization will be mobilized and in the
event extreme emergency local authority’s help shall be sought.
In the event of an emergency developing into an off site emergency, local authority and
District Emergency Authority (normally the Collector) will be appraised and under his
supervision, the Off Site Disaster Management Plan will be exercised. For this purpose, the
facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport, personnel, rescue accommodation,
voluntary organizations etc. will be mustered. Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of
mock drills shall be organized.
7.12.4 Mock Drills
Emergency preparedness is an important aspect in the planning of Industrial Disaster
Management. Personnel will be trained suitably and prepared mentally and physically in
emergency response through carefully planned, simulated procedures. Similarly, the key
personnel and essential personnel shall be trained.
7.12.5 Important Information
During the operation stage, important information such as names and addresses of key
personnel, essential employees, medical personnel, transporter’s address, address of those
connected with Off Site Emergency such as Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services and
District Emergency Authority shall be gathered, listed and maintained.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 STRUCTURE OF EMP
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment.
The desired results from the environmental mitigation measures proposed in the project may
not be obtained without a management plan to assure its proper implementation and function.
The EMP envisages the plans for the proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce
the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities. EMP has been prepared addressing
the issues like:
Pollution control/mitigation measures for abatement for the undesirable impacts caused
during the construction and operation stages.
Details of management plans (Landscape plan, storm water management plan, sewage
management plan, effluent management plan, hazardous waste management plan etc.).
Institutional set up identified/recommended for implementation of the EMP.
Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken (Chapter 5).
Expenditures for environmental protection measures and budget for EMP.
8.2 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES
The details of the impacts resulting due to different activities during construction and operation
phases are given in Chapter 4. Based on these mitigation measures Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) is drafted. The environmental mitigation measures for construction and operation
phases are briefly listed in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1: Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures
Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures
Construction Phase
1. Air Generation of Dust, CO2,
SOX, NOx
(Short term for a period of
6 months and Local)
Covering of construction material
with sheets while transportation and
storage.
Use of water sprinklers.
Personal Protective equipment for
labours.
Project site is inside the existing
industrial complex. No impact on
general public.
2. Noise and
Vibration Increase in the noise
levels due to movement
of vehicles and
construction activities.
Vibration due to
movement of vehicles
and construction
Proper service and maintenance of
machines and vehicles to control
noise.
Personal protective equipments for
labours.
The impact due to vibration will be
insignificant.
8
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Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures
activities.
(Short term for a period
of 6 months and Local)
Project site is inside the existing
industrial complex. No impact on
general public.
3. Water Water pollution due to
disposal of sewage will
be curtailed with the
existing sewage
treatment plant.
(Short term,
Minor, Local)
Proper sanitation facilities in the
construction site as well as labour
colony.
Treatment of sewage. Sewage of
approx. 40 KLD to be generated in
proposed expansion.
4. Land Removal of top soil and
change in soil quality.
Soil pollution due to
discharge of sewage and
solid waste onto land
will be curtailed with
the existing sewage
treatment plant.
No change in Land use
pattern as project site is
inside the existing
industrial complex.
(Minor and Local)
Use of removed soil for landscaping
purposes, improving aesthetics.
Sanitation facilities in the
construction site as well as labour
camps.
Treatment and disposal of sewage
and solid waste as per Chhattisgarh
State Pollution Control Board
guidelines.
5. Biological
Flora
Fauna
Disturbance due to
increase in noise.
(Short term, Minor and
Local)
Green belt development.
6. Socio-
Economic
Employment of
construction workers
(Direct, Positive)
People from the study area to be
employed as far as possible
7. Occupational
Health and
Safety
Auditory ailment due to
noise will be prevented.
Dust emission
(Short term, Minor and
Local)
The use of personal protective
equipments will be made stringent.
Water sprinkling system for dust
generating area.
Operation Phase
1. Air Increase in the air
pollutant concentration
will be addressed using
cyclonic Separators and
Venturi scrubbers
Dust generation
possibility is minimum
as raw materials
handled are liquids and
product will be bagged
in the existing bagging
plant (Direct, Local,
sustainable)
Use of cyclonic Separators and
Venturi scrubbers to control dust and
fugitive emissions within the limits of
Chhattisgarh State Pollution Control
Board.
Personal protective equipments for
labours.
Strict implementation of Hazardous
Waste Rules Act 1989, while
storage/handling/transportation of
hazardous substances.
Regular monitoring of emissions.
2. Noise and
Vibration Increase in the noise
levels will be minimised
by using Equipments
Equipments with noise level below
80db only will be used.
Proper service and maintenance of
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Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures
with noise level below
80db
Vibration during
operation of
manufacturing unit.
(Direct, Minor
,Local, sustainable)
machines to control noise.
Personal protective equipments for
employees like anti vibration gloves
and ear plugs.
Project site is inside the existing
industrial complex. No impact on
general public.
3. Water Insignificant on
groundwater.
Degradation of quality
due to discharge of
sewage and untreated
water will be prevented.
Discharge of effluent
from the manufacturing
unit.
(Indirect, Negative,
Minor, Local,
sustainable)
Proper sanitation facilities in the
plant area.
Treatment of wastewater
The effluent generated from the
manufacturing unit will be reused for
dilution of phosphoric and sulphuric
acids. There will be no generation of
effluent from the proposed project.
Hence, no specific mitigation
measures are proposed with respect
to this. Effluent discharge, if any due
to unforeseen circumstances or
process upset shall be treated in the
ETP with a capacity of 100 m3/day
Existing capacity utilisation is only
30 m3/day.
4. Land Pollution due to
discharge of sewage
waste will be prevented.
Dust generation
possibility is minimum
as raw materials
handled are liquids and
product will be bagged
in the existing bagging
plant (Direct, Negative,
Minor , Local,
sustainable)
Proper sanitation facilities in the
plant area.
Proper treatment and disposal of
sewage and solid waste as per the
guidelines of Chattisgarh State
Pollution Control Board
5. Biological
Flora
Fauna
Disturbance due to
increase in noise.
(Minor, Direct, Local
,sustainable)
Operational activities of heavy
machineries and transportation only
in daytime.
Green belt development.
6. Socio-
Economic
Employment to local
people
(Positive, Local)
Proper sanitation facilities within
plant area.
Proper treatment and disposal of
sewage and solid waste as per the
guidelines.
Proper handling and management of
hazardous material as per the
Hazardous waste (Management and
Handling) Rules.
7. Occupational
Health and
Safety
Auditory ailment due to
noise generated from
the production unit will
be minimised by using
Equipments with noise
level below 80db
Accidents due to
Equipments with noise level below
80db only will be used.
Wearing of personal protective
equipments like gas masks, ear muffs
etc. will be strictly enforced.
Training/awareness programme about
the handling / storage / transportation
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Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures
handling/storage/
transportation of
hazardous materials.
(Local and
sustainable)
of hazardous materials.
Signages showing the hazardous
nature and the method of handling
near storage / handling area of all the
hazardous materials.
First aid training for chemical /fire
hazard related accidents.
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS
8.3.1 Air Pollution Management Plan
The major pollutants emitted from SSP/GSSP/SA plants are Particulate Matter (PM10/PM2.5),
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Fluorine (F). The major sources of
pollutants are vehicular movement, crushing, screening and in mixing chamber, where rock
phosphate reacts with sulphuric acid to for SSP.
During the ambient air quality monitoring, it is observed that the baseline concentration of air
pollutants, namely PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, NH3, HC, and VOC is well below the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), 2009.
It is anticipated that the plant activity will not cause any adverse effect on the existing
baseline status. Fugitive emissions will be controlled with the following recommended
measures:
Development of green belt in the plant area.
Use of water sprinkling system in haulage roads for dust suppression.
Over loading shall be avoided during crushing.
Proper maintenance of haulage roads, which are being used for transportation of material.
In addition to the above, the following additional measures are also recommended. :
Dust mask will be provided to all workers working in dust generating area.
Spread of dust from ball mill will be controlled with the help of enclosures.
Overloading of trucks will be avoided.
Utmost care and regular inspection schedule will be carried out to prevent any fugitive
emission of dust during manufacturing process and transportation of material from one
place to another.
Air Pollution Control Equipments
The following air control equipments will be installed to control the emission of air
pollutants.
a. Rock Phosphate Grinding Unit of SSP Plant
Cyclone and Dust Collection Filter Bag assembly would be installed to arrest the fine dust
particles from the air, before venting it to the atmosphere through 40 m high stack. The
particulate matter in the emitted air will be within the permissible limits of NAAQS, 2009.
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b. Mixer / Den Unit of SSP Plant
The air laden with Fluorine gas, emitted from the reaction of rock phosphate and sulphuric
acid, will be sucked from Den / Mixer and scrubbed with water in four stage Venturi
scrubber, to absorb fluorine bearing gases in the scrubbers.
c. Dryer Drum and Cooler of GSSP Plant
The hot air from dryer drum and atmospheric air from Cooler drum will be sucked and passed
through Multi Clones and Cyclones to arrest the fine dust particles before venting to
atmosphere through 30 meters high stack. The clean air emissions shall be well within the
permissible limits as per Chattisgarh Environment Conservation Board norms.
d. Sulphuric Acid Plant
After double conversion and double absorption the air with remaining SO2 & acid mist traces
is discharge into the atmosphere through the 50 m high stack keeping SO2 and acid mist well
within the permissible limits given by CPCB / CSPCB. The alkalis scrubber is installed to
neutralize the SO2 gases during the plants start up and plant cooling periods. Schematic
diagram of Air Pollution Control System is given in the Figure 8.1 below.
Figure 8.1: Flow Chart for Air Pollution Control System.
8.3.2 Water Environment
The effluent from the SSP manufacturing process will be completely recycled into the
production. Wastewater from cooling towers, boiler blow down and RO plant of Sulphuric
Acid plant shall be recycled and utilized fully in the SSP/TSP plants for processing. The
proposed SSP production process is a Zero Discharge Process.
The effluent water from Sulphuric acid plant along with floor washing flows into common
water collection tank. It then passes into oil and grease trapping area. Thereafter, the
wastewater is pumped into equalization tank cum neutralization tank I. Lime slurry is added
to increase the pH. From equalization tank I it moves into equalization tank II where thorough
mixing is done and then it finally moves into centrifuge settler where solid part settles down
at the bottom and water part is collected and later treated with Sodium carbonate to neutralize
Dust from cooler & other
sections
Cyclone
Cooler Scrubber
Knock Out Chamber
Dust from dryer
Cyclone
Dryer scrubber
Knock Out Chamber
Fumes from pre-
neutralizer/ granulator
Recycled wastewater from
knock out chamber
Alkali scrubber Sump Tank
Released into the atmosphere
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Flurosilicic acid and then used in irrigation/plantation. Settled solid part is removed and
stored in the waste disposal area.
8.3.3 Noise Environment
There are three major categories of noise source in process Noise exposure level will be
maintained within 90 dB (A) in the work zone (for 8 hours exposure). The main sources of
noise in plant activity are crushing, screening, material handling machinery, loading
equipment, etc. and noise level are expected to increase at work zone with commencement of
project and other allied activities. The following precautionary measures shall be taken to
control noise pollution:
1. Earmuffs, ear plugs, etc. will be provided to workers when the noise levels exceed 85 dB
(A).
2. Although the use of machinery in the plant is less, but silencers and enclosures are
incorporated for equipments, which emit high noise levels.
3. Regular maintenance shall be carried out for equipments and various machinery.
4. Plantation shall be carried out.
8.3.4 Rainwater Harvesting System
Rain water harvesting is the scientific methods to collect the rain water in engineering pits,
which will lead to recharging of ground water. Artificial recharge to ground water is the
process of augmenting the ground water resources at a rate exceeding that under natural
conditions of replenishment.
There will be generation of surface run-off from the proposed plant facility during monsoon
season. The run-off from the built-up areas will be routed through a carefully designed storm
water drainage network and collected in storm water collection sump and excess rainwater
will be discharged to bore wells constructed on these internal drains. The size and the
locations of rainwater harvesting pits will be decided during detailed engineering of the
project.
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
The roof top of the plant area, raw material storage area, finished goods area and office
building will be used as roof catchments for the rain fall falling on the roof. Considering the
losses and the fact that the first rainfall shower is not to be used for recharging of ground
water only 85% of the rainfall falling on the roof top can be harvested.
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Figure: 8.2 Rain water Harvesting System.
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Figure 8.3: Proposed Rain Water Harvesting System
The roof top rainwater harvesting structures (Recharge wells Bore wells/Dug well) proposed to
be constructed can be as shown in Figure 8.3. The diagrammatic representation of rain Water
harvesting system of the existing unit is shown in Figure 8.2
8.3.5 Storm Water Management Plan
The plant water management system will be designed to minimise the potential for storm
water contamination occurring at the site. This will be achieved by incorporating the
following features into the storm water management system:
- Run-off from upstream areas will be diverted around the plant site;
- The quantity of contaminated run-off generated will be minimized by diverting run-off
from areas external to the plant to storm water discharge points;
- Hazardous material and fuel storage areas will be bounded and drains will be provided to
around these facilities to prevent entering the run-off water;
- The initial rainwater will be treated and then used in process; and
- Run-off from area external to process areas of the plant will be contained within a storage
system.
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8.3.6 Sewage Management Plan
Around 40 KLD of sewage is expected to be generated during the operation phases. The
generated sewage will be collected in septic tanks followed by soak pits.
Sewage Treatment Process: The sewage is generally treated in the oxidation pond to stabilize
the decomposable matter. The velocity of the effluent through the pond will be very low
which will lead to the settlement o the suspended materials. After stabilization in the primary
pond which is divided into the two zones, the effluent overflows to the secondary pond and
from there it gets discharged into the drains.
The overflow of the primary pond is harmless so the levels should be regularly monitored.
When the primary pond is filled with sludge, the flow should be stopped and left for drying.
When it gets dry, the residue can be removed and be utilized as the fertilizers. Proposed
Sewage Treatment Process is given in Figure 8.4.
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Figure 8.4: Sewage Treatment Plant Process
8.3.7 Effluent Management Plan
The wastewater around 100 m3/day generated during the maintenance of the expansion unit
will be treated in the ETP. Hydrofluorosilic acid produced in scrubbing of fluorine gas will be
used for acidulation of rock phosphate and balance will be used in manufacture of SSF with
soda ash.
All the effluent water from cooling towers bleed, boiler blow down and RO plant of Sulphuric
Acid plant shall be recycled and utilized fully in the SSP/TSP plants for processing.
The effluent water from Sulphuric acid plant, SSP/TSP along with floor washing flows into
common water collection tank. It then passes into oil and grease trapping area. Thereafter, the
waste water is pumped into equalization tank cum neutralizer tank I. Lime slurry is added to
increase the pH. From equalization tank I it moves into equalization tank II where through
mixing is done and then it finally moves into centrifuge settler where solid part settles down
at the bottom and water part is collected and later treated to be used in irrigation/plantation.
Settled solid part is removed and stored in the waste disposal area.ETP flow diagram is shown
in Figure 8.5
Small Manhole Chamber
Oxidation Pond
Dry Well cum Pump House
CI Grating Chamber
Main Sewer Line
Wet Well
Discharge into the Drain
Stabilization
Sewage/ Spent Water
Sludge
Used as Fertilizer
after Drying
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8.3.8 Solid Waste Management Plan
Sludge from ETP will be used for manures after treatment or stored in lagoons. The sulphur
sludge generated from the sulphuric acid plant will mostly be used as filler in the SSP Plant
since sulphur is secondary nutrient to alleviate the nutrient the sulphur deficiency in Indian
soils. Silica generated in scrubbing of fluorine during the formation of hydro fluorosilicic acid
will be used as filler and also will be used as additive in SSP.
Empty, drums, containers etc. will be washed thoroughly with suitable solvent before selling
them to Government authorized recyclers. The wash water will be give treatment to meet the
regulatory requirements before discharging into water body.
8.3.9 Hazardous Waste Management Plan
The possible hazardous, waste which will be generated from the proposed unit is the
used/spent oil from generator sets which has been classified as hazardous under Hazardous
Waste Category 5.1 as per Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment
Rules, 2003. The used oil will be collected in a shock proof, puncture proof, tear and wear
proof as well as air tight barrels of 200 l capacity. Every year it will be disposed off through
Government authorized used/spent oil recyclers.
8.3.10 Green Belt Development
The BEC Plant area already has a green cover of 18.35 acres around the project site. It
recommended developing a green belt area around the proposed expansion unit as demarcated
in the layout map.
Green Belt Details inside the Plant Area
Sl. No. Location Area Name of Plants
1. Near ADM, road slop and canteen side Neem
2. Plant area Sisu
3. North and east side of factory Karanj
4. Forest area in south side Akesia
5. Plantation at west side near boundary wall Eucalyptus
6. Road slope and Forest area near Muck yard Jamun
7. Road slope and near boundary wall north side Behara
8. Road slope and south side near final point Paras Pipal
9. Opposite Canteen and Road side Satwan
10. ADM front garden and road side Battal Pom
11. Near VIP garden road side & near time office Ashoka
12. Road side area at centre avenue Babul
13. Near ADM barrack area Teak
14. Near Weigh Bridge Arjun
8.3.11 Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)
The compliance to the Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection
(CREP) for Fertilizer industries proposed by the Central Pollution Control
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Waste Water from SAP, SSP/TSP, SSF
Lime Powder Water
Domestic
Floor Washing
Figure 8.5: Flow Diagrams for Effluent Treatment Plant
Water Collection
Tank
Oil and Grease
Equalization cum
Neutralizer Tank I
Alkaline/Lime
Solution Tank
Equalization cum
Neutralizer Tank II
Centrifuge
/Settler
Treated clean water to
Irrigation/Plantation Drying Bed
Solid Waste
Disposal to SSP
Plant as Modifier
Waste
Oil Collection
Tank
Sand Pit
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Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) in March 2003 is given below:
Wastewater Management:
No effluent will be discharged from the SSP manufacturing unit as the proposed
process is a Zero Effluent Discharge manufacturing process. (In case of BECF the
effluent of SSP will be consumed for manufacturing of SSF with soda ash and neutral
discharge water will be recycled. H2SiF6 + Na2CO3 ……………………………….. Na2SiF6+H2O)
Air pollution control measures are proposed for the fluoride removal and to contain
acid fumes.
Groundwater monitoring has been proposed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.
No effluent will be discharged into the storm water drainage system.
Air Pollution Management:
Suitable air pollution control equipments have been proposed for the control of air
pollution.
Regular monitoring of air is proposed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.
Solid Waste Management:
Generation of gypsum, carbon slurry or Chromium/ Arsenic bearing sludge is not
envisaged from the proposed manufacturing process.
The generated sulphur muck will be used in the SSP production process. The spent
catalyst will be sent to CECB authorized hazardous waste disposal facility for
treatment and disposal.
All the above CREP guidelines will be strictly followed by the company.
8.3.12 Health and Safety
The Health and Safety of the employees shall be given first priority during the plant
operation.
Extensive publicity and propaganda related to safety.
Provision of rest shelters for workers with amenities like drinking water, fans etc.
First aid facility shall be provided at project site.
Training programme organize for First aid.
Periodical medical checkup camps shall be organized for worker and staff.
Pre-placement Liver Test for the workers shall be organized.
8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
Detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan for the proposed project is given in Chapter 5. A
comprehensive list of parameters to be monitored during the construction and operation phase
is given in Table 8.2.
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Table 8.2: List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction and
Operation Phases
Component Parameters Frequency Location
Construction Phase
Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx Monthly At major construction sites
(total 3 stations)
Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly At major construction site and
near generator set
Soil Parameters as per CPCB Annual At and near the plant area and
green belt, three locations
around the project site within
200 m distance from the unit.
Water Parameters as per CPCB
standards
Monthly Storm water drainage area, two
ground water location within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur.
Effluent
from STP
pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS
Monthly Inlet and outlet of STP
Operation Phase
Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 , HC,
NH3, CO, VOC and NOx
Monthly Stack, generator set, three
locations within 100 – 200 m
of the project site, two
locations within the plant near
the production units, storage
area for the raw material and
fertilizer, packaging area for
fertilizer.
Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly Generator set, three locations
within 100 – 200 m of the
project site, two locations
within the plant near the
production units, storage area
for the raw material and
fertilizer, packaging area for
fertilizer.
Ground
Water
Parameters as per CPCB
standards
Thrice a year Storm water drainage area, two
ground water locations within
BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur and
one in the nearest bore well.
STP pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS
Monthly Before and after treatment from
STP
ETP Parameters as per CPCB
standards
Monthly Before and after treatment from
ETP
Soil pH, moisture content,
texture, organic matter,
chloride, SAR, CEC,
nitrogen, phosphorous,
fluoride, sulphur
Once in a
year
Three locations around the
project site within 200 m
distance from the unit.
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Component Parameters Frequency Location
Occupational
Health
General and respiratory
ailments check up
Once in a
year
-
8.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL
An Environment Management Cell (EMC) will be formed which will be responsible for
implementation of the aforesaid post project monitoring/management plan. The composition
of the Environment Management Cell and responsibilities of its various members are given in
Table 8.3. Presently company is having a well laid Environment Policy Annexure- IX but it
is not having any reporting system of non-compliance/violations of environmental norms to
the Board of directors of the Company.
Table 8.3: Environment Management Cell
Designation Proposed Responsibility
Senior Executive Director Environmental policy and directions.
Advisor (Environment) Overall responsibility for environment management and
decision making for all environmental issues.
Executive Director In-charge of operation of environment management
facilities. Ensuring legal compliance and interaction with
regulatory agencies
General Manager Secondary responsibility for environment management
and decision making for all environmental issues.
Site Engineers Ensure environmental monitoring as per appropriate
procedures.
8.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET
A total capital and recurring cost provision of about INR 203 Lakhs (2.03 Crores) has been
kept in the project cost towards the environmental protection, control and mitigation measures
and implementation of the EMP. The budgetary cost estimate for the EMP is given in Table
8.4.
Table 8.4: Environmental Budget
S.
No. Items
Approx.
Capital Cost (
Rs. Lakhs)
Recurring
Cost per yr.
( Rs.
Lakhs)
1. Water pollution control (Capital cost of STP and
recurring cost of water & effluent quality monitoring) 25 5
2. Air pollution control (Capital cost of stacks and
recurring cost of stack emission monitoring.) 100 28
3. Noise pollution control (Capital cost of DG room
enclosure & acoustic treatment and recurring cost of
noise monitoring.)
5 -
4. Solid wastes management (Capital cost of bins for
solid wastes, storage space for hazardous wastes and 15 3
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S.
No. Items
Approx.
Capital Cost (
Rs. Lakhs)
Recurring
Cost per yr.
( Rs.
Lakhs)
recurring cost of handling & disposal.)
5. Rainwater harvesting system. 10 -
6. Storm water drainage system. Present drainage
system is
available
1
7. Landscaping. 5 1
8. Environmental management (recurring cost of annual
monitoring, hiring of consultants and payment of
various statutory fees.)
5
Total 160 43
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 9-1
ANALYSIS OF
ALTERNATIVES
9.1 INTRODUCTION
The BEC Fertilizer Unit’s expansion project is proposed to be set up in the Sirgittii Industrial
Area, which has been marked for the industrial activities. The proposed project site is within
the existing Plant premise and devoid of natural vegetation and building; hence clearance of
land is not required.
The major environmental guidelines recommended for site selection for setting up of
industries so as to ensure optimum use of natural and man-made resources in sustainable
manner are tabulated in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1: Environmental Guidelines for site selection.
Criteria Guidelines
Land procurement Sufficient land to meet the demand of greenbelt development,
reuse of treated water, storing of solid waste before final disposal
Coastal areas At least 500 m from high tide line
Estuaries At least 200 m away from the estuary boundaries
Flood plains of the
Riverine system
At least 500 m from flood plain or modified flood plain, or by
flood control systems
Transport /
communications system At least 500 m from highway and railway
Major settlements At least 25 km from the project growth boundary of the settlement
(3 lakh Population)
Ecologically and or
otherwise sensitive area
At least 25 km (Archaeological monuments, National parks &
Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Hill resorts, Scenic areas, etc
9.2 SITE SELECTION
The BEC Fertilizer Unit’s expansion is proposed inside the existing unit and is proposed at
Plot No. 96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial Area, Bilaspur. The following factors were found to be
favorable for selection of this site:
Proximity and availability of Raw Materials.
Availability of water.
Availability of adequate land for locating plant with approach roads.
Suitability of land from topography and geographical aspects.
Proximity to National Highway for transport of fuel & heavy equipment.
Proximity to the distribution network.
The care should be taken for site selection of an industrial unit so as to minimise the adverse
impact on the immediate surroundings as well as distant places. The proposed project site is
9
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 9-2
very near to Raipur- Raigarh ring road which facilitates transportation of the raw materials
and finished products to major markets. As Sirgitti is already developed Industrial Area, the
trained and skilled man power is easily available in this region
9.3 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
9.3.1 SSP/GSSP Production
SSP
The SSP fertilizer technology is based on Computerized DCS/PLC Automation System, in
which the Coarse/Ground Rock Phosphate is measured through electronic load cells and
Sulfuric acid/Hydrofluorosilicic acid is measured through magnetic flow meters. Variable
frequency AC drive is used for various applications. Two EOT cranes are used for better
curing of SSP and the Rotating mixing drum is used for homogeneous SSP product.
GSSP
The particle size control for feed and recycle material feeding to Granulator drum is being
done to optimize specific power and fuel consumption. The use of multi fuel hot air generates
minimum fugitive emissions on the shop floor.
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 10-1
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
10.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
With respect to air, water, soil, noise, biological and social baseline conditions the
environmental status of the site and its 10 km study area is delineated which states that the area
is devoid of pollution. The different project activities in the construction and operation phases
are identified. To identify the impacts, the interaction between the project activities and different
components of environment are classified phase wise. A summary of the identified impacts are
given in the following paragraphs.
In the constructional phase, the transportation of construction material could have an impact,
especially on air, noise, vibration. However, since this project is proposed adjacent to existing
plant inside the existing industrial complex with well-maintained infrastructure facilities, even
this impact is minimal and temporary. The noxious emission arising out of the various system
will be taken care by a number of scrubbing units from which the waste water generated will be
recycled in the manufacturing process.
Additional strength of labourers could temporarily increase the pressure on the resources of the
area. During the operational phase, there could be minor change in air quality .Transportation of
raw material, storage and handling of hazardous material and the production process could
cause a temporary disturbance to environment variables which will be prevented with the
proposed mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 4.
With respect to occupational health, minimal impacts are anticipated on the health of the
employees during operation phase.
As the project is proposed to be established in an existing industrial area, there are no issues
related Resettlement and Rehabilitation. The company has proposed to maintain the green belt
existing inside the plant and development of rainwater harvesting system inside the plant
premises.
In general, production of fertiliser will benefit the economy of the state and country also it will
generate employment opportunities among the local peoples which ultimately will uplift the
status of living.
10
EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 11-1
DISCLOSURE OF
CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
11.1 INTRODUCTION
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. (ACE) is an independent consulting company in the
field of water and environment engineering with its headquarters located in New Delhi, India.
ACE provides consulting services and sustainable solutions for infrastructure projects (roads,
railways, ports, hydropower, water resources and other urban infrastructural plan outs),
industrial projects (refineries, petrochemicals, gas pipelines, offshore and onshore oil & gas
exploration, fertilizers, steel plants, ferro alloys plant, power plants, textiles, hotels, distilleries
and tanneries) and social development projects.
ACE is committed to provide consultancy services of international quality at local costs to
suit its client’s requirements. ACE believes that the key to success is the ability to work effectively with clients to understand, define, and resolve their environmental concerns. ACE
offers technical talent, specialized expertise, physical resources, and requisite facilities that
are important in responding to water and environmental issues, the world faces today. The
quality of work and timely completion of project are of paramount importance in each
assignment that ACE undertakes.
We, at ACE, know what makes for a successful project. Clients turn to ACE because
We understand the issue at hand
Have the required experience and expertise to develop unique solutions
Complete work on time and within budget
Work towards client satisfaction as our ultimate goal
ACE offers this combination of quality and performance through its professionals, managers
and support personnel. Our people are equipped with state-of-the-art technologies and they
are motivated to implement the project to the satisfaction of the client.
11.2 QUALITY OF SERVICES
ACE is committed to providing a high quality consultancy service. As a recognition of same,
ACE has been awarded ISO 9001: 2008 certified (Certificate no: 22340/10/S) by RINA, to
provide consultancy services for water supply, waste water treatment, municipal solid waste
management, environment and social impact assessment, environment impact and audit,
remote sensing and geographical information systems. In addition to this, ACE is also
accredited with Quality Council of India for preparation of EIA of Chemical Fertilizer sector
(Category A).
11.3 AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Water Resources Engineering
Water Supply
Wastewater Management
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EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh
Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 11-2
Urban Environment Improvement
Environmental Management
Social Development
GIS and Remote Sensing
11.4 RESOURCES
Panel of Experts
ACE has experts in the following specialized areas:
Water supply engineering
Water resources engineering
Wastewater engineering
Solid waste management
Public Health and Sanitation
Environmental Management
Forestry and Wildlife
Environmental modeling
Fisheries
Aquaculture
Social development
Infrastructural Resources
Following facilities are available with ACE:
Air quality models
Noise quality models
Water quality models
Water distribution analysis software
Sewer network analysis software
Software Availability
AERMOD
CALINE4
Erdas Imagine
Arc GIS
AutoCAD
Map Info